101
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Chelerythrine hydrochloride inhibits proliferation and induces mitochondrial apoptosis in cervical cancer cells via PI3K/BAD signaling pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 68:104965. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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102
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Wang B, Zhang L, Li J, Hua P, Zhang Y. Down-Regulation of miR-2053 Inhibits the Development and Progression of Esophageal Carcinoma by Targeting Fyn-Related Kinase (FRK). Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:2853-2862. [PMID: 31894485 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-06015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in the regulation and pathophysiology of various types of cancers including esophageal carcinoma (ESCA). Increasing numbers of miRNAs have been identified to be important regulators in the progression of ESCA by regulating gene expression. However, functional miRNAs and the underlying mechanisms involved in ESCA need sufficient elucidation. AIMS In the present study, the function of miR-2053 was investigated in ESCA cells. METHODS The expression of miR-2053 was detected in four different ESCA cell lines (Eca109, Ec9706, KYSE30, and TE-1 cells) and normal cell line (HEEC) by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities after knockdown of miR-2053 were assessed by CCK-8 assay, scratch assay, and transwell assay, respectively. Cell cycle of ESCA cells was detected by flow cytometric analysis. Expression of proteins in ESCA cells was detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The results showed that the expression of miR-2053 was remarkably up-regulated in ESCA tissues and cells lines. Down-regulation of miR-2053 markedly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and markedly induced cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis in ESCA cell lines. Fyn-related kinase (FRK) was a target gene of miR-2053. Moreover, down-regulation of miR-2053 mediated the protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin and Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway in ESCA cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Our results together suggest the potential of regulating miR-2053 expression against development and progression of esophageal carcinoma by targeting FRK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun City, 130041, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, 130041, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jindong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun City, 130041, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyan Hua
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun City, 130041, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun City, 130041, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
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103
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Ren S, Gaykalova DA, Guo T, Favorov AV, Fertig EJ, Tamayo P, Callejas-Valera JL, Allevato M, Gilardi M, Santos J, Fukusumi T, Sakai A, Ando M, Sadat S, Liu C, Xu G, Fisch KM, Wang Z, Molinolo AA, Gutkind JS, Ideker T, Koch WM, Califano JA. HPV E2, E4, E5 drive alternative carcinogenic pathways in HPV positive cancers. Oncogene 2020; 39:6327-6339. [PMID: 32848210 PMCID: PMC7529583 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The dominant paradigm for HPV carcinogenesis includes integration into the host genome followed by expression of E6 and E7 (E6/E7). We explored an alternative carcinogenic pathway characterized by episomal E2, E4, and E5 (E2/E4/E5) expression. Half of HPV positive cervical and pharyngeal cancers comprised a subtype with increase in expression of E2/E4/E5, as well as association with lack of integration into the host genome. Models of the E2/E4/E5 carcinogenesis show p53 dependent enhanced proliferation in vitro, as well as increased susceptibility to induction of cancer in vivo. Whole genomic expression analysis of the E2/E4/E5 pharyngeal cancer subtype is defined by activation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway and this subtype is susceptible to combination FGFR and mTOR inhibition, with implications for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Ren
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Daria A Gaykalova
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theresa Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander V Favorov
- Division of Oncology Biostatistics, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Laboratory of Systems Biology and Computational Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Division of Oncology Biostatistics, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Juan Luis Callejas-Valera
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Mike Allevato
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mara Gilardi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Santos
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Takahito Fukusumi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Akihiro Sakai
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mizuo Ando
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sayed Sadat
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Guorong Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Fisch
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alfredo A Molinolo
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wayne M Koch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph A Califano
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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104
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Yeung YT, Fan S, Lu B, Yin S, Yang S, Nie W, Wang M, Zhou L, Li T, Li X, Bode AM, Dong Z. CELF2 suppresses non-small cell lung carcinoma growth by inhibiting the PREX2-PTEN interaction. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:377-389. [PMID: 31241130 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt signaling pathway is important in the regulation of cell proliferation through its production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3). Activation of this pathway is frequently observed in human cancers, including non-small cell lung carcinoma. The PI3-K/Akt pathway is negatively regulated by the dual-specificity phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein. PTEN acts as a direct antagonist of PI3-K by dephosphorylating PIP3. Studies have shown that PTEN phosphatase activity is inhibited by PREX2, a guanine nucleotide exchanger factor (GEF). Multiple studies revealed that CELF2, an RNA binding protein, cooperates synergistically with PTEN as a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers. However, the underlying mechanism as to how CELF2 enhances PTEN activity remains unclear. Here, we report that CELF2 interacts with PREX2 and reduces the association of PREX2 with PTEN. Consistent with this observation, PTEN phosphatase activity is upregulated with CELF2 overexpression. In addition, overexpression of CELF2 represses both Akt phosphorylation and cell proliferation only in the presence of PTEN. In an ex vivo study, CELF2 gene delivery could significantly inhibit patient-derived xenografts (PDX) tumor growth. To further investigate the clinical relevance of this finding, we analyzed 87 paired clinical lung adenocarcinoma samples and the results showed that CELF2 protein expression is downregulated in tumor tissues and associated with poor prognosis. The CELF2 gene is located on the chromosome 10p arm, a region frequently lost in human cancers, including breast invasive carcinoma, low-grade glioma and glioblastoma. Analysis of TCGA datasets showed that CELF2 expression is also associated with shorter patient survival time in all these cancers. Overall, our work suggests that CELF2 plays a novel role in PI3-K signaling by antagonizing the oncogenic effect of PREX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu To Yeung
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Suyu Fan
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bingbing Lu
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Pathophysiology Department, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuying Yin
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Pathophysiology Department, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Sen Yang
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenna Nie
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Meixian Wang
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liting Zhou
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tiepeng Li
- Department of Immunotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Pathophysiology Department, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Chemoprevention of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA.,Pathophysiology Department, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Immunotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Chemoprevention of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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105
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Liu K, Xue B, Bai G, Zhang W. F-box protein FBXO31 modulates apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cervical cancer via inactivation of the PI3K/AKT-mediated MDM2/p53 axis. Life Sci 2020; 259:118277. [PMID: 32800832 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common malignant tumours in the world and a serious threat to women's health. The dysregulation of protein degradation mediated by F-box proteins is involved in tumorigenesis, and F-box protein FBXO31 has been reported to play an important role in various human cancers. However, the role of FBXO31 in CC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the function and underlying regulatory mechanism of FBXO31 in CC. MAIN METHODS In this study, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot were used to measure target gene expression; the Cell Counting Kit-8, cell death ELISA, Transwell invasion assay, wound-healing assay and western blot were applied to assess cell viability, apoptosis, invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), respectively. KEY FINDINGS FBXO31 was expressed at a low level in 37 pairs of CC tissues and three types of CC cell lines. Overexpression of FBXO31 inhibited cell viability, invasion, migration, EMT and induced apoptosis in SiHa cells. FBXO31 promoted p53 activity through suppression of murine double minute 2 (MDM2) expression. Overexpression of MDM2 ameliorated the inhibitory effect of FBXO31 on SiHa cells, while the MDM2/p53 axis-specific inhibitor Nutlin-3a facilitated this inhibitory effect. Further, we confirmed that FBXO31 inactivated MDM2/p53 axis dependence on the phospholipid inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signalling pathway. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, our results reveal that FBXO31 down-regulates CC progression by blocking the PI3K/AKT-mediated MDM2/p53 axis, suggesting that FBXO31 may serve as a promising therapeutic target for CC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keying Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China; North Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Medical College of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710043, China
| | - Biyun Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guiqin Bai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
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106
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Jenkins D, Molijn A, Kazem S, Pirog EC, Alemany L, de Sanjosé S, Dinjens W, Quint W. Molecular and pathological basis of HPV-negative cervical adenocarcinoma seen in a global study. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:2526-2536. [PMID: 32474915 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
International surveys find HPV-negativity in up to 30% of cervical adenocarcinomas. We investigated the pathological diagnosis by expert consensus with immunohistochemistry and the presence of somatic mutations in recognised tumour genes in HPV-positive and negative cervical adenocarcinomas (CADC). A sample was selected of 45 paraffin-embedded cervical blocks diagnosed locally as usual cervical adenocarcinoma from a global study. These represented different diagnoses made at previous diagnostic review and HPV status. All were suitable for analysis for somatic tumour associated gene mutations. Three pathologists examined H/E slides and immunohistochemistry for p16, progesterone receptor and p53 and classified the cases. L1 genes from high-risk HPVs and low-risk HPVs were analysed by SPF10 PCR-DEIA-LiPA25 version 1 in whole tissue sections and microdissected tumour and retested by PCR for E6/E7 genes of hrHPVs if negative. Cases were analysed for microsatellite instability and next-generation sequencing mutation analysis. From the 45 cases, 20 cases of usual CADC were confirmed of which 17 (85%) were HPV-positive in tumour cells. The other 25 cases were reclassified as endometrial, serous, clear-cell and gastric-type adenocarcinomas and all were HPV-negative in tumour cells. Careful retesting for HPV DNA and IHC leads to more accurate identification of HPV-positive usual cervical adenocarcinomas. Endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinomas, other uterine adenocarcinoma with multiple somatic mutations were important in misclassification of HPV-negative cases locally managed as cervical adenocarcinoma, as was gastric-type adenocarcinoma with germline STK11 mutation in East Asia. Few consensuses confirmed HPV-negative usual cervical adenocarcinomas showed somatic tumorigenic mutations also seen in some HPV-positive usual CADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jenkins
- DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Anco Molijn
- DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Laia Alemany
- Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia de Sanjosé
- Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Winand Dinjens
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Quint
- DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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107
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Allouch S, Malki A, Allouch A, Gupta I, Vranic S, Al Moustafa AE. High-Risk HPV Oncoproteins and PD-1/PD-L1 Interplay in Human Cervical Cancer: Recent Evidence and Future Directions. Front Oncol 2020; 10:914. [PMID: 32695664 PMCID: PMC7338567 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in women worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in developing countries. Important etiological factors in this cancer are high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV), as roughly 96% of cervical cancer cases are positive for these oncoviruses. On the other hand, it has been recently pointed out that E6/E7 oncoproteins of high-risk HPV can upregulate the programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis. Likewise, several recent reports showed that checkpoint blockades targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathways have achieved efficient clinical responses via suppressing cancer progression and improving survival in several types of human cancers including metastatic cervical cancer. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway and its interaction with high-risk HPV and their oncoproteins, which could have an important impact on the management of HPV-associated cancers including cervical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Allouch
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Malki
- Biomedical Science Department, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asma Allouch
- Biomedical Science Department, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ishita Gupta
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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108
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Xie X, Xiong G, Chen W, Fu H, Li M, Cui X. FOXD3 inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through regulation of the PI3K-Akt pathway. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 98:653-660. [PMID: 32459973 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXD3 has been found previously to positively regulate miR-26b, a tumor inhibitor of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, FOXD3's precise function and associated mechanism of action in NPC have not yet been investigated. In this study, the expression of FOXD3 mRNA and protein was evaluated using RT-qPCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Protein levels involved in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase - protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) pathway were assessed by western blot, and cell proliferation was determined by MTT and colony forming assays. Additionally, cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometric assay. Finally, the migration and invasion capabilities of the NPC cells were determined using wound healing and Transwell assays. We found that FOXD3 levels were relatively low in NPC tissue and cells, while an increase caused the inhibition of the PI3K-Akt pathway. Functional experiments found that overexpression of FOXD3 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and enhanced cell apoptosis in NPC C6661 cells. IGF-1, an activator of the PI3K-Akt pathway, reversed the inhibitory effect of FOXD3. Furthermore, we found upregulation of the PI3K-Akt pathway and upregulation of the inhibitory effects of FOXD3 on C6661 cellular activities. In conclusion, FOXD3 negatively affected the PI3K-Akt pathway to restrain the processes involved in C6661 cell pathology. These findings further exposed the function and downstream axis of FOXD3 in NPC and displayed a promising new target for NPC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Gaoyun Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Haiyan County, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314300, P.R. China
| | - Hongdan Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Haiyan County, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314300, P.R. China
| | - Mingqian Li
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
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109
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Role of microRNAs in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway in cervical cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4553-4568. [PMID: 32383136 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common disorders in females all around the world. Similar to other types of cancer, several signaling pathways are demonstrated to be involved in the progression of this cancer including ERK/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, apoptotic signaling pathways, Wnt, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Various microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes involved in cervical cancer have been extracted from the kinds of literature of Scopus, Pubmed and Google scholar databases. Regarding the targets, some of them were found to belong in EGFR signaling pathways. The regulation patterns of these miRNA are different in cervical cancer; however, their main aim is to trigger EGFR signaling to proceed with cancer. Moreover, several predicted miRNAs were found to have some interactions with the differentially expressed genes of cervical cancer which are the members of the EGFR signaling pathway by using miRWalk 3.0 (https://mirwalk.umm.uni-heidelberg.de/) and TargetScan 7.1 (https://www.targetscan.org/vert_71/). Also, the microarray data were obtained from the NCBI-Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets of cervical cancer. In the present review, we highlight the miRNAs involved in cervical cancer and the role of their targets in the EGFR signaling pathway. Furthermore, some predicted miRNAs were the candidate to target EGFR signaling pathway members differentially expressed in cervical cancer samples compared to normal samples.
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110
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Harsha C, Banik K, Ang HL, Girisa S, Vikkurthi R, Parama D, Rana V, Shabnam B, Khatoon E, Kumar AP, Kunnumakkara AB. Targeting AKT/mTOR in Oral Cancer: Mechanisms and Advances in Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093285. [PMID: 32384682 PMCID: PMC7246494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC) is a devastating disease that takes the lives of lots of people globally every year. The current spectrum of treatment modalities does not meet the needs of the patients. The disease heterogeneity demands personalized medicine or targeted therapies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify potential targets for the treatment of OC. Abundant evidence has suggested that the components of the protein kinase B (AKT)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway are intrinsic factors for carcinogenesis. The AKT protein is central to the proliferation and survival of normal and cancer cells, and its downstream protein, mTOR, also plays an indispensable role in the cellular processes. The wide involvement of the AKT/mTOR pathway has been noted in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This axis significantly regulates the various hallmarks of cancer, like proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, autophagy, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Activated AKT/mTOR signaling is also associated with circadian signaling, chemoresistance and radio-resistance in OC cells. Several miRNAs, circRNAs and lncRNAs also modulate this pathway. The association of this axis with the process of tumorigenesis has culminated in the identification of its specific inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of OC. In this review, we discussed the significance of AKT/mTOR signaling in OC and its potential as a therapeutic target for the management of OC. This article also provided an update on several AKT/mTOR inhibitors that emerged as promising candidates for therapeutic interventions against OC/head and neck cancer (HNC) in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Hui Li Ang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Rajesh Vikkurthi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Varsha Rana
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Bano Shabnam
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Elina Khatoon
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Correspondence: (A.P.K.); (A.B.K.); Tel.: +65-6516-5456 (A.P.K.); +91-361-258-2231 (A.B.K.); Fax: +65-6873-9664 (A.P.K.); +91-361-258-2249 (A.B.K.)
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.K.); (A.B.K.); Tel.: +65-6516-5456 (A.P.K.); +91-361-258-2231 (A.B.K.); Fax: +65-6873-9664 (A.P.K.); +91-361-258-2249 (A.B.K.)
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Hochmann J, Parietti F, Martínez J, Lopez AC, Carreño M, Quijano C, Boccardo E, Sichero L, Möller MN, Mirazo S, Arbiza J. Human papillomavirus type 18 E5 oncoprotein cooperates with E6 and E7 in promoting cell viability and invasion and in modulating the cellular redox state. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 115:e190405. [PMID: 32187327 PMCID: PMC7066992 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760190405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) are the etiological agents of
cervical cancer. Among them, types 16 and 18 are the most prevalent
worldwide. The HPV genome encodes three oncoproteins (E5, E6, and E7) that
possess a high transformation potential in culture cells when transduced
simultaneously. In the present study, we analysed how these oncoproteins
cooperate to boost key cancer cell features such as uncontrolled cell
proliferation, invasion potential, and cellular redox state imbalance.
Oxidative stress is known to contribute to the carcinogenic process, as
reactive oxygen species (ROS) constitute a potentially harmful by-product of
many cellular reactions, and an efficient clearance mechanism is therefore
required. Cells infected with HR-HPVs can adapt to oxidative stress
conditions by upregulating the formation of endogenous antioxidants such as
catalase, glutathione (GSH), and peroxiredoxin (PRX). OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this work was to study how these oncoproteins cooperate
to promote the development of certain cancer cell features such as
uncontrolled cell proliferation, invasion potential, and oxidative stress
that are known to aid in the carcinogenic process. METHODS To perform this study, we generated three different HaCaT cell lines using
retroviral transduction that stably expressed combinations of HPV-18
oncogenes that included HaCaT E5-18, HaCaT E6/E7-18, and HaCaT
E5/E6/E7-18. FINDINGS Our results revealed a statistically significant increment in cell viability
as measured by MTT assay, cell proliferation, and invasion assays in the
cell line containing the three viral oncogenes. Additionally, we observed
that cells expressing HPV-18 E5/E6/E7 exhibited a decrease in catalase
activity and a significant augmentation of GSH and PRX1 levels relative to
those of E5, E6/E7, and HaCaT cells. MAIN CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that HPV-18 E5, E6, and E7
oncoproteins can cooperate to enhance malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Hochmann
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias, Sección Virología, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Felipe Parietti
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias, Sección Virología, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jennyfer Martínez
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana C Lopez
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mara Carreño
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Celia Quijano
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Laura Sichero
- Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Matías N Möller
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Mirazo
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias, Sección Virología, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan Arbiza
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias, Sección Virología, Montevideo, Uruguay
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De Falco F, Urraro C, Cutarelli A, Roperto S. Bovine papillomavirus E5 oncoprotein upregulates parkin-dependent mitophagy in urothelial cells of cattle with spontaneous papillomavirus infection: A mechanistic study. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 70:101463. [PMID: 32146261 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to provide mechanistic insights into mitophagy pathway associated with papillomavirus infection in urothelial cells of cattle. The elimination of mitochondria via autophagy, termed mitophagy, is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for mitochondrial quality control and homeostasis. PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy, a ubiquitin-dependent selective autophagy of dysfunctional mitochondria, has been described here, for the first time, in urothelial cells from 25 bladder cancers in cattle infected by bovine papillomavirus (BPV). The expression of BPV-2 and BPV-13 E5 oncoprotein was detected by RT-PCR. Abnormal mitochondria delimited by expanding phagophores, were peculiar ultrastructural features of neoplastic urothelial cells. High levels of mitochondrial phosphorylated PINK1/parkin were observed in neoplastic urothelial cells infected by BPVs. Phosphoparkin interacted with mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) and ubiquitin (Ub), which confirmed that Mfn2 is a parkin receptor at the mitochondrial level, where parkin interacted also with Ub. Furthermore, parkin established a complex that was comprised of optineurin, p62, LC3, laforin, and embryonic stem cell-expressed Ras (ERAS), that interacted with BPV E5 oncoprotein, and Bag3, which, in turn, regulated the formation of a complex composed of Hpc70/Hsp70, CHIP, an HSC70-interacting E3 ubiquitin ligase. It is conceivable that ERAS is involved in mitophagosome maturation via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Bag3, in association with Hsc70/Hsp70, may contribute to the transport and degradation of CHIP-ubiquitinated cargo as this complex recognises ubiquitinated cargos and transports them to aggresomes to be degraded. Furthermore, Bag3 may be involved in mitophagosome formation as it interacted with synaptopodin 2, which is known to play a role in mitophagosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Falco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Urraro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Cutarelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Sante Roperto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
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Systematic Development and Optimization of Inhalable Pirfenidone Liposomes for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030206. [PMID: 32121070 PMCID: PMC7150896 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a global disorder, treatment options for which remain limited with resistance development by cancer cells and off-target events being major roadblocks for current therapies. The discovery of new drug molecules remains time-consuming, expensive, and prone to failure in safety/efficacy studies. Drug repurposing (i.e., investigating FDA-approved drug molecules for use against new indications) provides an opportunity to shorten the drug development cycle. In this project, we propose to repurpose pirfenidone (PFD), an anti-fibrotic drug, for NSCLC treatment by encapsulation in a cationic liposomal carrier. Liposomal formulations were optimized and evaluated for their physicochemical properties, in-vitro aerosol deposition behavior, cellular internalization capability, and therapeutic potential against NSCLC cell lines in-vitro and ex-vivo. Anti-cancer activity of PFD-loaded liposomes and molecular mechanistic efficacy was determined through colony formation (1.5- to 2-fold reduction in colony growth compared to PFD treatment in H4006, A549 cell lines, respectively), cell migration, apoptosis and angiogenesis assays. Ex-vivo studies using 3D tumor spheroid models revealed superior efficacy of PFD-loaded liposomes against NSCLC, as compared to plain PFD. Hence, the potential of inhalable liposome-loaded pirfenidone in NSCLC treatment has been established in-vitro and ex-vivo, where further studies are required to determine their efficacy through in vivo preclinical studies followed by clinical studies.
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Marquard FE, Jücker M. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling as a molecular target in head and neck cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 172:113729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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115
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The Communication Between the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway and Y-box Binding Protein-1 in Gynecological Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010205. [PMID: 31947591 PMCID: PMC7017275 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the mechanistic (mammalian) target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTOR) represent a step towards the targeted treatment of gynecological cancers. It has been shown that women with increased levels of mTOR signaling pathway targets have worse prognosis compared to women with normal mTOR levels. Yet, targeting mTOR alone has led to unsatisfactory outcomes in gynecological cancer. The aim of our review was therefore to provide an overview of the most recent clinical results and basic findings on the interplay of mTOR signaling and cold shock proteins in gynecological malignancies. Due to their oncogenic activity, there are promising data showing that mTOR and Y-box-protein 1 (YB-1) dual targeting improves the inhibition of carcinogenic activity. Although several components differentially expressed in patients with ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer of the mTOR were identified, there are only a few investigated downstream actors in gynecological cancer connecting them with YB-1. Our analysis shows that YB-1 is an important player impacting AKT as well as the downstream actors interacting with mTOR such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Snail or E-cadherin.
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116
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Reddy D, Kumavath R, Tan TZ, Ampasala DR, Kumar AP. Peruvoside targets apoptosis and autophagy through MAPK Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in human cancers. Life Sci 2019; 241:117147. [PMID: 31830480 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the cytotoxic effect of Peruvoside and mechanism of action in human cancers. MAIN METHODS Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and the cell cycle arrest was identified by FACS. Real-time qPCR and western blotting studies were performed to identify important gene and protein expressions in the different pathways leading to apoptosis. Immunofluorescence was performed to understand protein localization and molecular docking studies were performed to identify protein-ligand interactions. KEY FINDINGS Peruvoside showed significant anti-proliferative activities against human breast, lung, and liver cancer cells in dose-dependent manner. The anti-cancer mechanism was further confirmed by DNA damage and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with Peruvoside treatment resulted in inhibition of cyclin D1 and c-Myc also observed in this study. Furthermore, we identified that Peruvoside can inhibit autophagy by PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and through downregulating MEK1. Moreover, Peruvoside has the ability to modulate the expressions of key proteins from the cell cycle, MAPK, NF-kB, and JAK-STAT signaling. In silico studies revealed that Peruvoside has the ability to interact with crucial proteins from different biochemical signaling pathways. SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrated that Peruvoside has the ability to inhibit cancer cell proliferation by modulating the expression of various key proteins involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagic cell death. Clinical data generated from the present study might provide a novel impetus for targeting several human cancers. Conclusively, our findings suggest that the Peruvoside possesses a broad spectrum of anticancer activity in breast, lung, and liver cancers, which provides an impetus for further investigation of the anticancer potentiality of this biomolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanasekhar Reddy
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya (P.O), Kasaragod, Kerala 671320, India
| | - Ranjith Kumavath
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya (P.O), Kasaragod, Kerala 671320, India.
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dinakara Rao Ampasala
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Departments of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Medical Science Cluster, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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117
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Zhou Y, Mu L, Liu XL, Li Q, Ding LX, Chen HC, Hu Y, Li FS, Sun WJ, He BC, Wu K. Tetrandrine inhibits proliferation of colon cancer cells by BMP9/ PTEN/ PI3K/AKT signaling. Genes Dis 2019; 8:373-383. [PMID: 33997184 PMCID: PMC8093580 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in screening and treatment, colon cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Finding novel and useful drug treatment targets is also an urgent need for clinical applications. Tetrandrine (Tet) is extracted from the Chinese medicinal herbal medicine, which is a well-known calcium blocker with a variety of pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer. In this study, we recruited cell viability assay, flow cytometry analysis, cloning formation to confirm that Tet can inhibit the proliferation of SW620 cells, and induce apoptosis. Mechanically, we confirmed that Tet up-regulates the mRNA and protein level of BMP9 in SW620 cells. Over-expression BMP9 enhances the anti-cancer effects of Tet in SW620 cells, but these effects can be partly reversed by silencing BMP9. Also, Tet reduces phosphorylation of Aktl/2/3 in SW620 cells, which could be elevated by overexpressed BMP9 and impaired by silencing BMP9. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Tet reduces phosphorylated PTEN, which can be promoted by overexpressed BMP9, analogously also be attenuated through silencing BMP9. Finally, we introduced a xenograft tumor model to investigate the anti-proliferative effect of Tet, further to explore the effects of BMP9 and PTEN in SW620 cells. Our findings suggested that the anti-cancer activity of Tet in SW620 cells may be mediated partly by up-regulating BMP9, followed by inactivation PI3K/Akt through up-regulating PTEN at least.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Li Mu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Li-Xuan Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Hong-Chuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Fu-Shu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Wen-Juan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
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Lin DI, Allen JM, Hecht JL, Killian JK, Ngo NT, Edgerly C, Severson EA, Ali SM, Erlich RL, Ramkissoon SH, Vergilio JA, Ross JS, Elvin JA. SMARCA4 inactivation defines a subset of undifferentiated uterine sarcomas with rhabdoid and small cell features and germline mutation association. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:1675-1687. [PMID: 31190001 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A rare subset of aggressive SMARCA4-deficient uterine sarcomas has been recently proposed, with only a limited number of cases having been previously described. Here, we identify 16 additional cases of SMARCA4-deficient uterine sarcoma from the database of a large, CLIA-certified and CAP-accredited, reference molecular laboratory, and we expand on their clinicopathological and genomic features. Median patient's age was 49 years (range 32-70). Most tumors were aggressive with distant metastasis. SMARCA4-deficient uterine sarcoma demonstrated predominantly rhabdoid or large epithelioid cells with abundant cytoplasm, but also had varying degrees of small cell and spindle cell morphology. Tumors were microsatellite stable and exhibited no other or only few co-occurring genomic alterations by comprehensive genomic profiling. We discovered one patient, who developed SMARCA4-deficient uterine sarcoma at the age of 55, had a germline SMARCA4 mutation, whose daughter had previously died of small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type, at the age of 32. Our data support the notion that SMARCA4 inactivation is the driver oncogenic event of a morphologically and molecularly distinct form of uterine sarcoma. Identification of SMARCA4-deficient uterine sarcomas may be clinically important due to their aggressive behavior, germline association, and emerging targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas I Lin
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Nhu T Ngo
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Siraj M Ali
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Shakti H Ramkissoon
- Foundation Medicine, Morrisville, NC, USA.,Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey S Ross
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Julia A Elvin
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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119
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PTEN and Gynecological Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101458. [PMID: 31569439 PMCID: PMC6826459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN is a tumour suppressor gene, and its loss of function is frequently observed in both heritable and sporadic cancers. It is involved in a great variety of biological processes, including maintenance of genomic stability, cell survival, migration, proliferation and metabolism. A better understanding of PTEN activity and regulation has therefore emerged as a subject of primary interest in cancer research. Gynaecological cancers are variously interested by PTEN deregulation and many perspective in terms of additional prognostic information and new therapeutic approaches can be explored. Here, we present the most significant findings on PTEN in gynaecological cancers (ovarian, endometrial, cervical, vulvar and uterine cancer) focusing on PTEN alterations incidence, biological role and clinical implications.
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120
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Jin Y, Li Y, Wang X, Yang Y. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor suppresses HPV E6-expressing HNSCC progression by mediating NF-κB and Akt pathways. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:220. [PMID: 31462893 PMCID: PMC6708138 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and human papillomavirus (HPV) has been increasingly recognized as a pathogenic factor for the initiation and development of HNSCC. E6 oncogene, an essential component of the HPV 16 virus, acts as a leading cause of the malignant transformation of cancer cells. Therefore, investigating the biological effect and potential mechanisms of E6 oncogene on HNSCC cells and exploring potential therapeutic methods is of great value. Methods MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis assay were implemented to detect the biological effect of E6 oncogene on the growth of HNSCC cells. Wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to evaluate the role of E6 in the migration and invasion of HNSCC cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence assay were adopted to explore the regulatory mechanisms underlying E6-induced HNSCC progression. Then, exogenous secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) was added into the cell culture to investigate whether it could maintain its tumor suppressor effect on E6-expressing HNSCC cells. Results HPV E6 oncogene could promote the proliferation, cell cycle period, apoptosis resistance, migration and invasion of HNSCC cells by activating NF-κB and Akt pathways. Immunohistochemical analysis conducted on HNSCC tissues illustrated that SLPI was further downregulated in HPV positive HNSCC compared to HNSCC without HPV infection. Exogenous SLPI significantly inhibited HPV E6-mediated malignant phenotypes in HNSCC cells by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and Akt and signaling pathways. Conclusions This study demonstrated that E6 oncogene led to the malignant transformation of HNSCC cells by regulating multiple pathways. SLPI could reverse the effect of E6 oncogene on HNSCC, implying that the functional inhibition of E6 by SLPI may be exploited as an attractive therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- 1Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200000 P. R. China
| | - Yuexiu Li
- Department of Stomatology, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000 P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- 1Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200000 P. R. China
| | - Ya Yang
- 1Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200000 P. R. China
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Abstract
Viral infection is a major contributor to the global cancer burden. Recent advances have revealed that seven known oncogenic viruses promote tumorigenesis through shared host cell targets and pathways. A comprehensive understanding of the principles of viral oncogenesis may enable the identification of unknown infectious aetiologies of cancer and the development of therapeutic or preventive strategies for virus-associated cancers. In this Review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of viral oncogenesis in humans. We highlight recent advances in understanding how viral manipulation of host cellular signalling, DNA damage responses, immunity and microRNA targets promotes the initiation and development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Krump
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jianxin You
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Nam KH, Yi SA, Nam G, Noh JS, Park JW, Lee MG, Park JH, Oh H, Lee J, Lee KR, Park HJ, Lee J, Han JW. Identification of a novel S6K1 inhibitor, rosmarinic acid methyl ester, for treating cisplatin-resistant cervical cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:773. [PMID: 31387554 PMCID: PMC6683399 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mTOR/S6K1 signaling pathway is often activated in cervical cancer, and thus considered a molecular target for cervical cancer therapies. Inhibiting mTOR is cytotoxic to cervical cancer cells and creates a synergistic anti-tumor effect with conventional chemotherapy agents. In this study, we identified a novel S6K1 inhibitor, rosmarinic acid methyl ester (RAME) for the use of therapeutic agent against cervical cancer. Methods Combined structure- and ligand-based virtual screening was employed to identify novel S6K1 inhibitors among the in house natural product library. In vitro kinase assay and immunoblot assay was used to examine the effects of RAME on S6K1 signaling pathway. Lipidation of LC3 and mRNA levels of ATG genes were observed to investigate RAME-mediated autophagy. PARP cleavage, mRNA levels of apoptotic genes, and cell survival was measured to examine RAME-mediated apoptosis. Results RAME was identified as a novel S6K1 inhibitor through the virtual screening. RAME, not rosmarinic acid, effectively reduced mTOR-mediated S6K1 activation and the kinase activity of S6K1 by blocking the interaction between S6K1 and mTOR. Treatment of cervical cancer cells with RAME promoted autophagy and apoptosis, decreasing cell survival rate. Furthermore, we observed that combination treatment with RAME and cisplatin greatly enhanced the anti-tumor effect in cisplatin-resistant cervical cancer cells, which was likely due to mTOR/S6K1 inhibition-mediated autophagy and apoptosis. Conclusions Our findings suggest that inhibition of S6K1 by RAME can induce autophagy and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells, and provide a potential option for cervical cancer treatment, particularly when combined with cisplatin. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5997-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hong Nam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ah Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gibeom Nam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Noh
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Woo Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gyu Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hun Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwamok Oh
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Ro Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaecheol Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung-Whan Han
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Wang J, Xi X, Shang W, Acharya A, Li S, Savkovic V, Li H, Haak R, Schmidt J, Liu X, Deng Y, Pan H, Obradovic D, Schmalz G, Ziebolz D, Hu X. The molecular differences between human papillomavirus-positive and -negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A bioinformatics study. Am J Otolaryngol 2019; 40:547-554. [PMID: 31036418 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the genetic and epigenetic differences between human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and HPV-negative OPSCC. METHODS Microarray data of HPV-positive and -negative OPSCC were retrieved from NCBI GEO datasets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were identified by performing differential expression analysis. A functional enrichment analysis was performed to explore the biological processes and signaling pathways that DEGs and DE-miRNAs were involved in, respectively. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed to identify hub genes. miRNA-target network and miRNA-miRNA functional synergistic network were each constructed in order to identify risk-marker miRNAs. An miRNA-target-pathway network was constructed in order to explore the function of identified risk-marker miRNAs. RESULTS Microarray data from 3 datasets (GSE39366, GSE40774, and GSE55550) was included and analyzed. The PPI network identified 3 hub genes (VCAM1, UBD, and RPA2). MiR-107 and miR-142-3p were found to play the most significant role in both the DE-miRNA-target network as well as in the miRNA-miRNA functional synergistic network. MiR-107 was involved in HPV-induced tumorigenesis by targeting many genes (CAV1, CDK6, MYB, and SERPINB5) and regulating the p53 signaling pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and the autophagy pathway. In addition, miR-142-3p was implicated in HPV-induced tumorigenesis by targeting the PPFIA1 gene and regulating transcriptional dysregulation and other cancerous pathways. CONCLUSION Three genes (VCAM1, UBD, and RPA2), two miRNAs (miR-107 and miR-142-3p), and four pathways (p53, PI3K-Akt, autophagy, and transcription dysregulation in cancer) were identified to play critical roles in distinguishing HPV-positive OPSCC from HPV-negative OPSCC.
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Different expression of GSK3β and pS9GSK3β depending on phenotype of cervical cancer: possible association of GSK3β with squamous cell carcinoma and pS9GSK3β with adenocarcinoma. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2019; 62:157-165. [PMID: 31139591 PMCID: PMC6520545 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2019.62.3.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to analyze the expression pattern of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and its phosphorylated forms, GSK3β phosphorylated at Ser9 (pS9GSK3β), and GSK3β phosphorylated at Tyr216 (pY216GSK3β), in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC). Methods We performed immunohistochemical staining for GSK3β, pS9GSK3β, and pY216GSK3β in 64 SCC and 20 AC cases and compared their expression patterns between the 2 tumor types. Results Increased GSK3β and pS9GSK3β expression but decreased pY216GSK3β expression compared with that in the normal cervix were observed in both SCC and AC specimens. Specifically, the levels of GSK3β and pS9GSK3β were significantly increased in SCC and AC, respectively. GSK3β was localized in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm of SCC and AC cells. However, pS9GSK3β was predominantly localized in the membrane of AC cells, whereas it was present in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm of SCC cells. Conclusion The results suggest that the phosphorylation status of GSK3β changes during cervical cancer development and the different expression levels and patterns of GSK3β and pS9GSK3β are associated with the specific histologic phenotype of cervical cancer.
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Claude-Henri C, Binot C, Sadoc JF. The involvement of liquid crystals in multichannel implanted neurostimulators, hearing and ENT infections, and cancer. Acta Otolaryngol 2019; 139:316-332. [PMID: 31035839 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2018.1554265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) consist of assemblies of molecules, between one and tens of nanometers, grouped in identifiable cohorts according to orientation and structure, which is often lamellar with varying chirality. The term liquid phase (Lo phase) designates certain such mesophases. This variety in geometry corresponds to a variety of functions. Some molecules, both organic and inorganic, used in applied engineering, and association with LCs confer new properties. Applying these aspects of LCs in manufacturing implantable material is a growing technology, especially in the interfaces of differentiated multichannel electro-neurostimulation. We highlight the involvement of LCs in the head and neck region, and the role mesophases play in outer hair cell electromotility (mechanotransduction). We summarize implications of LCs this for multichannel electroneurostimulation implant engineering, and highlight their role importance of LCs in early oncogenic process, HPV, and latency in (Epstein-Barr) and other pathogens. Our approach should help give rise to new therapeutic perspectives. Focusing on upstream nanometric phenomena needs to take on board classic determinism, quantum probability, and statistical complexity.
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Wang R, Zhu Y, Lin X, Ren C, Zhao J, Wang F, Gao X, Xiao R, Zhao L, Chen H, Jin M, Ma W, Zhou H. Influenza M2 protein regulates MAVS-mediated signaling pathway through interacting with MAVS and increasing ROS production. Autophagy 2019; 15:1163-1181. [PMID: 30741586 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1580089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus can evade host innate immune response that is involved in several viral proteins with complicated mechanisms. To date, how influenza A M2 protein modulates the host innate immunity remains unclear. Herein, we showed that M2 protein colocalized and interacted with MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein) on mitochondria, and positively regulated MAVS-mediated innate immunity. Further studies revealed that M2 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that was required for activation of macroautophagy/autophagy and enhancement of MAVS signaling pathway. Importantly, the proton channel activity of M2 protein was demonstrated to be essential for ROS production and antagonizing the autophagy pathway to control MAVS aggregation, thereby enhancing MAVS signal activity. In conclusion, our studies provided novel insights into mechanisms of M2 protein in modulating host antiviral immunity and uncovered a new mechanism into biology and pathogenicity of influenza A virus. Abbreviations: AKT/PKB: AKT serine/threonine kinase; Apo: apocynin; ATG5: autophagy related 5; BAPTA-AM: 1,2-Bis(2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetrakis; BECN1: beclin 1; CARD: caspase recruitment domain; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone; CQ: chloroquine; DCF: dichlorodihyd-rofluorescein; DPI: diphenyleneiodonium; DDX58: DExD/H-box helicase 58; eGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; EGTA: ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; hpi: hours post infection; IAV: influenza A virus; IFN: interferon; IP: immunoprecipitation; IRF3: interferon regulatory factor 3; ISRE: IFN-stimulated response elements; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAVS: mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein; MMP: mitochondrial membrane potential; MOI, multiplicity of infection; mRFP: monomeric red fluorescent protein; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NC: negative control; NFKB/NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; PI3K: class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RLR: RIG-I-like-receptor; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SEV: sendai virus; TM: transmembrane; TMRM: tetramethylrhodamine methylester; VSV: vesicular stomatitis virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China
| | - Yinxing Zhu
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China
| | - Xian Lin
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China
| | - Chenwei Ren
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China
| | - Jiachang Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China
| | - Xiaochen Gao
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China
| | - Rong Xiao
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China
| | - Lianzhong Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China
| | - Meilin Jin
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- c Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology , Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China
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Cacheux W, Lièvre A, Richon S, Vacher S, El Alam E, Briaux A, El Botty R, Mariani P, Buecher B, Schnitzler A, Barbazan J, Roman-Roman S, Bièche I, Dangles-Marie V. Interaction between IGF2-PI3K axis and cancer-associated-fibroblasts promotes anal squamous carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:1852-1859. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wulfran Cacheux
- Department of Medical Oncology; Hôpital Privé Pays de Savoie; Annemasse France
- Department of Medical Oncology; Institut Curie, PSL Research University; Saint-Cloud France
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University; Versailles France
| | - Astrid Lièvre
- Department of Medical Oncology; Institut Curie, PSL Research University; Saint-Cloud France
| | - Sophie Richon
- Department of Translational Research; Institut Curie, PSL Research University; Paris France
- UMR 144; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS; Paris France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Department of Genetics, Pharmacogenomics Unit; Institut Curie, PSL Research University; Paris France
| | - Elsy El Alam
- Department of Tumour Biology; Institut Curie, PSL Research University; Saint-Cloud France
| | - Adrien Briaux
- Department of Genetics, Pharmacogenomics Unit; Institut Curie, PSL Research University; Paris France
| | - Rania El Botty
- Department of Translational Research; Institut Curie, PSL Research University; Paris France
| | - Pascale Mariani
- Department of Surgical Oncology; Institut Curie, PSL Research University; Paris France
| | - Bruno Buecher
- Department of Medical Oncology; Institut Curie, PSL Research University; Saint-Cloud France
| | - Anne Schnitzler
- Department of Genetics, Pharmacogenomics Unit; Institut Curie, PSL Research University; Paris France
| | - Jorge Barbazan
- UMR 144; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS; Paris France
| | - Sergio Roman-Roman
- Department of Translational Research; Institut Curie, PSL Research University; Paris France
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Department of Genetics, Pharmacogenomics Unit; Institut Curie, PSL Research University; Paris France
| | - Virginie Dangles-Marie
- Department of Translational Research; Institut Curie, PSL Research University; Paris France
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
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Muñoz JP, Carrillo-Beltrán D, Aedo-Aguilera V, Calaf GM, León O, Maldonado E, Tapia JC, Boccardo E, Ozbun MA, Aguayo F. Tobacco Exposure Enhances Human Papillomavirus 16 Oncogene Expression via EGFR/PI3K/Akt/c-Jun Signaling Pathway in Cervical Cancer Cells. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3022. [PMID: 30619121 PMCID: PMC6304352 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is not a sufficient condition for cervical cancer development because most infections are benign and naturally cleared. Epidemiological studies revealed that tobacco smoking is a cofactor with HR-HPV for cervical cancer initiation and progression, even though the mechanism by which tobacco smoke cooperates with HR-HPV in this malignancy is poorly understood. As HR-HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins overexpressed in cervical carcinomas colocalize with cigarette smoke components (CSC), in this study we addressed the signaling pathways involved in a potential interaction between both carcinogenic agents. Cervical cancer-derived cell lines, CaSki (HPV16; 500 copies per cell) and SiHa (HPV16; 2 copies per cell), were acutely exposed to CSC at various non-toxic concentrations and we found that E6 and E7 levels were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. Using a reporter construct containing the luciferase gene under the control of the full HPV16 long control region (LCR), we also found that p97 promoter activity is dependent on CSC. Non-synonymous mutations in the LCR-resident TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate)-response elements (TRE) had significantly decreased p97 promoter activation. Phosphoproteomic arrays and specific inhibitors revealed that CSC-mediated E6/E7 overexpression is at least in part reliant on EGFR phosphorylation. In addition, we showed that the PI3K/Akt pathway is crucial for CSC-induced E6/E7 overexpression. Finally, we demonstrated that HPV16 E6/E7 overexpression is mediated by JUN. overexpression, c-Jun phosphorylation and recruitment of this transcription factor to TRE sites in the HPV16 LCR. We conclude that acute exposure to tobacco smoke activates the transcription of HPV16 E6 and E7 oncogenes through p97 promoter activation, which involves the EGFR/PI3K/Akt/C-Jun signaling pathway activation in cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Muñoz
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Carrillo-Beltrán
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Aedo-Aguilera
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gloria M Calaf
- Center for Advanced Research, Tarapaca University, Arica, Chile.,Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Oscar León
- Virology Program, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Edio Maldonado
- Programa Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio C Tapia
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle A Ozbun
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Francisco Aguayo
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Advanced Research, Tarapaca University, Arica, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Kramer B, Polit M, Birk R, Rotter N, Aderhold C. HIF-1α and mTOR - Possible Novel Strategies of Targeted Therapies in p16-positive and -negative HNSCC. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:175-184. [PMID: 29695399 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Targeted therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is limited. HIF-1α and mTOR are involved in the formation of local tumor progression and distant metastasis. The present study analyzed the influence of well-established tyrosine kinase inhibitors nilotinib, dasatinib, erlotinib and gefitinib on the expression of HIF-1α and mTOR in p16-positive and -negative squamous cancer cells (SCC) in vitro in order to develop novel strategies in the treatment of HNSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of HIF-1α and mTOR was analyzed by using Sandwich-ELISA in p16-negative and p16-positive SCC after treatment with nilotinib, dasatinib, erlotinib and gefitinib (20 μmol/l, 24-96 h of incubation). RESULTS All substances significantly reduced mTOR expression in both, p16-negative and p16-positive SCC (p<0.05). HIF-1α expression was significantly reduced by all tested substances in p16-negative SCC. However, a statistically significant increase of HIF-1α was observed in p16-positive SCC. CONCLUSION This is the first study to investigate the alteration of expression levels of HIF-1α and mTOR under selective tyrosine kinase inhibition in both p16-positive and -negative SCC. Our findings provide novel insights for a better understanding of HIF-1α and mTOR in the tumor biology of HNSCC and their interaction with selective small-molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Kramer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Max Polit
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Richard Birk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philips-Universität, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Rotter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Aderhold
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Deng H, Hillpot E, Mondal S, Khurana KK, Woodworth CD. HPV16-Immortalized Cells from Human Transformation Zone and Endocervix are More Dysplastic than Ectocervical Cells in Organotypic Culture. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15402. [PMID: 30337615 PMCID: PMC6194146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A major risk factor for cervical cancer is persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) which can cause cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Greater than 90% of cervical cancers develop in the transformation zone (TZ), a small region of metaplastic squamous epithelium at the squamocolumnar junction between endocervix and ectocervix. However, it is unclear why this region is highly susceptible to malignant progression. We hypothesized that cells from TZ were more susceptible to dysplastic differentiation, a precursor to cervical cancer. We used three-dimensional organotypic culture to compare differentiation of HPV16-immortalized epithelial cell lines derived from ectocervix, TZ, and endocervix. We show that immortal cells from TZ or endocervix form epithelia that are more dysplastic than immortal cells from ectocervix. A higher percentage of immortal cells from TZ and endocervix express the proliferation marker Ki-67 and are positive for phospho-Akt. Immortal cells from TZ and endocervix invade collagen rafts and express increased levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1. Inhibition of MMP-1 or Akt activity blocks invasion. We conclude that HPV16-immortalized cells cultured from TZ or endocervix are more susceptible to dysplastic differentiation, and this might enhance their susceptibility to cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Deng
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States of America
| | - Eric Hillpot
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States of America
| | - Sumona Mondal
- Department of Mathematics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States of America
| | - Kamal K Khurana
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Craig D Woodworth
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States of America.
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Tao Y, Sturgis EM, Huang Z, Sun Y, Dahlstrom KR, Wei Q, Li G. A TGF-β1 genetic variant at the miRNA187 binding site significantly modifies risk of HPV16-associated oropharyngeal cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1327-1334. [PMID: 29663347 PMCID: PMC6120756 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
TGF-β1rs1982073 polymorphism at the miRNA-187 binding site may alter TGF-β1 expression and function, and thereby this polymorphism (genotype CT/CC) increases cancer susceptibility. HPV16 L1 seropositivity is associated with the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), including oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). Thus, we hypothesized that TGF-β1rs1982073 polymorphism at the miRNA-187 binding site combined with HPV16 L1 seropositivity may have a joint effect on OSCC susceptibility. We determined the genotypes of TGF-β1rs1982073 and HPV16 status in 325 OSCC subjects and 335 cancer-free controls in the non-Hispanic white population, and used logistic regression models to evaluate the joint effects on OSCC susceptibility. TGF-β1rs1982073 polymorphism (CT/CC genotype) combined with HPV16 L1 seropositivity increased the risk of OSCC via joint effects, particularly in OPSCC subjects who were never-smokers (OR, 165.9; 95% CI, 28.6-960.4) or never-drinkers (OR, 196.0; 95% CI, 28.2-1,000.0), respectively. Younger subjects had a higher risk of OPSCC than older subjects (OR, 23.5; 95% CI, 6.3-87.0 vs. OR, 6.0; 95% CI, 1.7-17.9, respectively). The significant associations between this polymorphism and HPV16-associated OSCC and OPSCC were also observed. However, OCSCC subjects did not have similar results. Our findings suggest that the joint effects of TGF-β1rs1982073 and HPV16 L1 seropositivity can increase risk of HPV16-associated oral cancer, particularly in OPSCC subjects who are never-smokers, never-drinkers and young. This result may help us understand the tumorigenesis process and improve early detection, which are critical for prevention and intervention strategies. However, larger studies are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Erich M. Sturgis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Zhigang Huang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Kristina R. Dahlstrom
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Guojun Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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132
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Wang YQ, Lu JL, Liang YR, Li QS. Suppressive Effects of EGCG on Cervical Cancer. Molecules 2018; 23:E2334. [PMID: 30213130 PMCID: PMC6225117 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common gynecological cancer worldwide. Although prophylactic vaccination presents the most effective method for cervical cancer prevention, chemotherapy is still the primary invasive intervention. It is urgent to exploit low-toxic natural anticancer drugs on account of high cytotoxicity and side-effects of conventional agents. As a natural product, (-)-epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) has abilities in anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis and pro-apoptosis of cervical cancer cells. Moreover, EGCG also has pharmaceutical synergistic effects with conventional agents such as cisplatin (CDDP) and bleomycin (BLM). The underlying mechanisms of EGCG suppressive effects on cervical cancer are reviewed in this article. Further research directions and ambiguous results are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qi Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qing-Sheng Li
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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133
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Rademacher BL, Meske LM, Matkowskyj KA, Hanlon BM, Carchman EH. Genetic inhibition of autophagy in a transgenic mouse model of anal cancer. J Carcinog 2018; 17:3. [PMID: 30123096 PMCID: PMC6071480 DOI: 10.4103/jcar.jcar_4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The dynamic role of autophagy in cancer development is a topic of considerable research and debate. Previously published studies have shown that anal cancer development can be promoted or prevented with the pharmacologic inhibition or induction, respectively, of autophagy in a human papillomavirus (HPV) mouse model. However, these results are confounded by the fact that the drugs utilized are known to affect other pathways besides autophagy. It has also been shown that autophagic inhibition occurs in the setting of HPV16 oncoprotein expression (E6 and E7) and correlates with increased susceptibility to anal carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we employed a conditional, genetic, autophagic (Atg7) knockout mouse model to determine conclusively that autophagy has a role in anal cancer development, in the absence or presence of E6 and E7. RESULTS: In mice lacking both HPV16 oncogenes, knockout of autophagy followed by exposure to a carcinogen resulted in a tumor incidence of 40%, compared to 0% in mice treated with a carcinogen alone with an intact autophagic pathway (P = 0.007). In mice expressing either one or both HPV16 oncoproteins, the addition of genetic knockout of autophagy to carcinogen treatment did not lead to a significant difference in tumor incidence compared to carcinogen treatment alone, consistent with the ability of HPV oncogenes to inhibit autophagy in themselves. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide the first conclusive evidence for the distinct role of autophagy in anal carcinogenesis, and suggest that autophagy is a plausible target for therapies aimed at reducing anal dysplasia and anal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristina A Matkowskyj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, WI, USA.,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Wisconsin, WI, USA.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, WI, USA
| | - Bret M Hanlon
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, WI, USA
| | - Evie H Carchman
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, WI, USA.,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Wisconsin, WI, USA.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, WI, USA
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Emodin, Physcion, and Crude Extract of Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. pubescens Induce Mixed Cell Death, Increase in Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and Inhibition of AKT in Cervical and Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cell Lines. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2390234. [PMID: 30057674 PMCID: PMC6051077 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2390234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There have been few studies on the pharmacological properties of Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. pubescens, a native Brazilian species popularly known as “fruto-de-pombo.” The aim of this study was to investigate the scavenging capacity of emodin, physcion, and the ethanolic crude extract of Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. pubescens against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as their role and plausible mechanisms in prompting cell death and changes in AKT phosphorylation after cervical (SiHa and C33A) and oral (HSC-3) squamous cell carcinoma treatments. Emodin was shown to be the best scavenger of NO• and O2•−, while all samples were equally effective in HOCl/OCl− capture. Emodin, physcion, and the ethanolic extract all exhibited cytotoxic effects on SiHa, C33A, HSC-3, and HaCaT (immortalized human keratinocytes, nontumorigenic cell line), involving mixed cell death (apoptosis and necrosis) independent of the caspase activation pathway. Emodin, physcion, and the ethanolic extract increased intracellular oxidative stress and DNA damage. Emodin decreased the activation of AKT in all tumor cells, physcion in HSC-3 and HaCaT cells, and the ethanolic extract in C33A and HaCaT cells, respectively. The induction of cancer cell death by emodin, physcion, and the ethanolic crude extract of Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. pubescens was related to an increase in intracellular oxidative stress and DNA damage and a decrease in AKT activation. These molecules are therefore emerging as interesting candidates for further study as novel options to treat cervical and oral carcinomas.
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135
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Binot C, Sadoc JF, Chouard CH. Oncogenesis, lipids rafts and liquid crystals: A nanoscopic supplementary field for applied researches and a new hope of advances in cancer. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00687. [PMID: 30035237 PMCID: PMC6051303 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LC) are an intermediate state between an ordered crystalline solid and a more disordered liquid. LCs (or mesophases) are ubiquitous in living systems, optimizing multiple biological functions that could not operate in purely solid or liquid environments as both mobility and organization are needed. One of us recently suggested that there is an information vector, shared by neurodegenerative and infectious pathologies, to be found within lipid rafts in an ordered liquid (Lo) form mediated by cholesterol. Here we extend this underlying mechanism to oncogenic processes. The specificity of our approach lies in highlighting the direct involvement of liquid crystals in early carcinogenic processes, by identifying specific metabolic pathways, with the intention of focusing research effort on this level, now that this has become technically feasible. Exploring LCs in living bodies reveals links between numerous oncogenic mechanisms. The approach is based on the geometric properties of amphiphilic (hydrophilic and lipophilic) plasma and intracellular membranes, the phospholipids of which are an example of the lamellar LC phase. These LCs underlie cell signaling and signaling pathways disorders at membrane level: consequently, they are directly concerned with deregulation underlying many cancerous processes. We demonstrate the implication of cancer cell membranes mesophases. That is in the membranes mesophases that are initiated most of metabolic pathways, leading to downstream pathogenic intracellular mechanisms. The concepts of order and of symmetry, in the mathematical sense, involved in condensed matter accompany informed adaptive supramolecular chemical processes in forming self-organizing mesogenic molecular assemblies. Multidisciplinary teamwork combining knowledge from different fields holds out the hope of therapeutic progress upstream of irreversible cancerous processes, while conserving the physiological integrity of the cells themselves.
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136
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Gao Y, Liu W, Wang W, Zhang X, Zhao X. The inhibitory effects and mechanisms of 3,6-O-sulfated chitosan against human papillomavirus infection. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 198:329-338. [PMID: 30093007 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can lead to the development of cervical cancers that are a significant health burden worldwide. The heparin-like polysaccharides such as dextran sulfate and carrageenan were reported to be able to prevent the binding of HPV to the cell surface. In this study, a 3,6-O-sulfated chitosan (36S) was prepared, and its anti-HPV effects were explored. The results showed that 36S effectively inhibited multiple genital HPV genotypes in different cell lines with low cytotoxicity. 36S may possibly block HPV adsorption via direct binding to the viral capsid proteins. 36S could enter into Hela cells and down-regulate cellular PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway which is associated with autophagy. Thus, marine derived sulfated chitosan 36S possessed broad anti-HPV activities in vitro, and may possibly inhibit HPV infection by targeting viral capsid protein and host PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, suggesting that 36S merits further investigation as a novel anti-HPV agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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137
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Wang YJ, Tang TY, Wang JY, Huang YK, Wu YH. Genital basal cell carcinoma, a different pathogenesis from sun-exposed basal cell carcinoma? A case-control study of 30 cases. J Cutan Pathol 2018; 45:688-695. [PMID: 29920730 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genital basal cell carcinoma (BCC) accounts for <1% of all BCCs. We aimed to elucidate the pathogenesis of genital BCC. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated cases of pathologically diagnosed genital BCC between 1990 and 2016 in an Asian tertiary referral center. The control group was composed of consecutive cases, from 2016, of BCCs occurring in sun-exposed areas. Presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immunohistochemical p16 and p53 staining was performed and analyzed. RESULTS We found 33 genital BCCs (33/1837, 1.8%) over 26 years. The mean follow-up duration was 30.0 ± 33.2 months. Genital BCCs had a larger size (14.05 vs 8.92 mm, P = 0.014), more common presence of ulcers (61.3% vs 32.0%, P = 0.035), shorter epidermal p53 clone (0.33 vs 1.20 mm, P = 0.007), and high p53 expression levels. Most cases (29/30, 96.7%) showed negative or faint spotty p16 staining. Patient age, tumor depth, presence of pigment, or histology subtype did not differ significantly. Thirty genital BCCs were negative for HPV. CONCLUSIONS HPV infection is mostly likely not involved in genital BCC pathogenesis. A greater level of p53 expression in genital BCCs implicates pathways other than ultraviolet (UV)-specific p53 mutations in their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Jen Wang
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yin Tang
- Department of Pathology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Kai Huang
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Wu
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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138
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Lee Y, Yao W, Yang C, Li Y, Ni H, Wang L, Ji B, Gu Y, Yang S. MIST1 regulates SNAI1 and acts through the PTEN/AKT signaling axis to promote anoikisresistance in human melanoma cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:695-703. [PMID: 30112032 PMCID: PMC6090440 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is one of the most dangerous types of skin cancer. The prognosis of CMM patients with ulcers, regional lymph node metastasis or organ metastasis is poor. In this process, resistance to anoikis is a critical step in tumor cell metastasis. Tumor cells survive in the vascular and lymphatic system through the escape of anoikis to finally form clones in the distal tissue. The present study revealed that muscle intestine and stomach expression 1 (MIST1), a secreting cell-restricted transcription factor, was overexpressed in melanoma cells. At the same time, the expression of SNAI1 was also high. High expression of MIST1 and SNAI1 all contributed to melanoma cells bypassing anoikis. By changing the expression of MIST1, SNAI1 was indicated to be a downstream gene of MIST1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter gene technology revealed that MIST1 promoted the expression of SNAI1 by directly binding to its promoter region. Furthermore, inhibition of the phosphorylation/activity of Akt by LY294002 and knockdown of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) with simultaneous upregulation or knockdown of MIST1 revealed that SNAI1 improved the phosphorylation of Akt by inhibiting the expression of PTEN. These results suggested that MIST1 hijacked the PTEN/AKT signaling pathway through directly regulating SNAI1 and affected the anoikis resistance capacity of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiju Lee
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, P.R. China
| | - Chunjun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yunrui Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Ni
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, P.R. China
| | - Bin Ji
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, P.R. China
| | - Yongge Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, P.R. China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
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139
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Genetic variants in PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway genes contribute to gastric cancer risk. Gene 2018; 670:130-135. [PMID: 29802999 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is involved in tumor initiation and progression, including gastric cancer (GC). However, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this pathway and underlying molecular mechanism remain largely unexplored. A case-control study of 1275 GC patients and 1436 controls was performed to explore the associations of potentially functional SNPs in PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway genes with the risk of GC. In the logistic regression analyses, one SNP rs7536272 out of the four candidate SNPs showed a significant association with GC risk (additive model: OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.03-1.30; co-dominant model: AG vs. AA, OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.11-1.53; dominant model: AG/GG vs. AA, OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.10-1.49).The luciferase assay indicated that rs7536272 G allele significantly enhanced the transcriptional activity, compared with A allele. Further expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis showed that GC patients with rs7536272 AG/GG genotypes had remarkably higher PIK3R3 levels than those with AA genotype, suggesting that rs7536272 polymorphism influenced the expression of PIK3R3. Additionally, we observed that GC patients with high expression of PIK3R3 had significant poorer outcome than those with low expression (HR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.09-1.53). Our result demonstrated that SNP rs7536272, a functional risk variant located in the promoter region of PIK3R3, showed association with increased transcriptional activity and upregulation of PIK3R3 expression, thus involved in GC development.
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140
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Rabachini T, Boccardo E, Andrade R, Perez KR, Nonogaki S, Cuccovia IM, Villa LL. HPV-16 E7 expression up-regulates phospholipase D activity and promotes rapamycin resistance in a pRB-dependent manner. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:485. [PMID: 29703186 PMCID: PMC5923196 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main risk factor for the development and progression of cervical cancer. HPV-16 E6 and E7 expression is essential for induction and maintenance of the transformed phenotype. These oncoproteins interfere with the function of several intracellular proteins, including those controlling the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in which Phospolipase D (PLD) and Phosphatidic acid (PA) play a critical role. Methods PLD activity was measured in primary human keratinocytes transduced with retroviruses expressing HPV-16 E6, E7 or E7 mutants. The cytostatic effect of rapamycin, a well-known mTOR inhibitor with potential clinical applications, was evaluated in monolayer and organotypic cultures. Results HPV-16 E7 expression in primary human keratinocytes leads to an increase in PLD expression and activity. Moreover, this activation is dependent on the ability of HPV-16 E7 to induce retinoblastoma protein (pRb) degradation. We also show that cells expressing HPV-16 E7 or silenced for pRb acquire resistance to the antiproliferative effect of rapamycin. Conclusion This is the first indication that HPV oncoproteins can affect PLD activity. Since PA can interfere with the ability of rapamycin to bind mTOR, the use of combined strategies to target mTOR and PLD activity might be considered to treat HPV-related malignancies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4392-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Rabachini
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research - Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research - Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rubiana Andrade
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia Regina Perez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely Nonogaki
- Centro de Patologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Iolanda Midea Cuccovia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luisa Lina Villa
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research - Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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141
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Lin LR, Gao ZX, Lin Y, Zhu XZ, Liu W, Liu D, Gao K, Tong ML, Zhang HL, Liu LL, Xiao Y, Niu JJ, Liu F, Yang TC. Akt, mTOR and NF-κB pathway activation in Treponema pallidum stimulates M1 macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 59:181-186. [PMID: 29656208 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The polarization of macrophages and the molecular mechanism involved during the early process of syphilis infection remain unknown. This study was conducted to explore the influence of Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) treatment on macrophage polarization and the Akt-mTOR-NFκB signaling pathway mechanism involved in this process. M0 macrophages derived from the phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 were cultured with T. pallidum. T. pallidum induced inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and TNF-α) expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However IL-10 cytokine expression decreased at the mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, the expression of the M1 surface marker iNOS was up-regulated with incubation time, and the expression of the M2 surface marker CD206 was low (vs. PBS treated macrophages, P < 0.001) and did not fluctuate over 12 h. Further studies revealed that Akt-mTOR-NFκB pathway proteins, including p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-S6, p-p65, and p-IκBα, were significantly higher in the T. pallidum-treated macrophages than in the PBS-treated macrophages (P < 0.05). In addition, inflammatory cytokine expression was suppressed in T. pallidum-induced M1 macrophages pretreated with LY294002 (an Akt-specific inhibitor) or PDTC (an NF-κB inhibitor), while inflammatory cytokine levels increased in T. pallidum-induced M1 macrophages pretreated with rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor). These findings revealed that T. pallidum promotes the macrophage transition to pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages in vitro. The present study also provides evidence that Akt, mTOR and NF-κB pathway activation in T. pallidum stimulates M1 macrophages. This study provides novel insights into the innate immune response to T. pallidum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rong Lin
- Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Zheng-Xiang Gao
- Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Zhu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Kun Gao
- Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Man-Li Tong
- Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Hui-Lin Zhang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Jian-Jun Niu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China.
| | - Fan Liu
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China.
| | - Tian-Ci Yang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China.
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Wu WJ, Shen Y, Sui J, Li CY, Yang S, Xu SY, Zhang M, Yin LH, Pu YP, Liang GY. Integrated analysis of long non‑coding RNA competing interactions revealed potential biomarkers in cervical cancer: Based on a public database. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7845-7858. [PMID: 29620291 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a common gynecological malignancy in women worldwide. Using an RNA sequencing profile from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the CC patient information, the aim of the present study was to identify potential long non‑coding RNA (lncRNA) biomarkers of CC using bioinformatics analysis and building a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) co‑expression network. Results indicated several CC‑specific lncRNAs, which were associated with CC clinical information and selected some of them for validation and evaluated their diagnostic values. Bioinformatics analysis identified 51 CC‑specific lncRNAs (fold‑change >2 and P<0.05), and 42 of these were included in ceRNA network consisting of lncRNA‑miRNA‑mRNA interactions. Further analyses revealed that differential expression levels of 19 lncRNAs were significantly associated with different clinical features (P<0.05). A total of 11 key lncRNAs in the ceRNA network for reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) analysis to detect their expression levels in 31 pairs of CC clinical samples. The results indicated that 7 lncRNAs were upregulated and 4 lncRNAs were downregulated in CC patients. The fold‑changes between the RT‑qPCR experiments and the TCGA bioinformatics analyses were the same. Furthermore, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of four lncRNAs (EMX20S, MEG3, SYS1‑DBNDD2 and MIR9‑3HG) indicated that their combined use may have a significant diagnostic value in CC (P<0.05). To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to have identified CC‑specific lncRNAs to construct a ceRNA network and has also provided new insights for further investigation of a lncRNA‑associated ceRNA network in CC. In additon, the verification results suggested that the method of bioinformatics analysis and screening of lncRNAs was accurate and reliable. To conclude, the use of multiple lncRNAs may thus improve diagnostic efficacy in CC. In addition, these specific lncRNAs may serve as new candidate biomarkers for clinical diagnosis, classification and prognosis of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Si-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Medical Insurance, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Pu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ge-Yu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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143
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Wei W, He Y, Wu YM. Identification of genes associated with SiHa cell sensitivity to paclitaxel by CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:1972-1978. [PMID: 31938303 PMCID: PMC6958192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although chemotherapy has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer, many patients exhibit selective responses to chemotherapy. This study aimed to identify genes associated with the sensitivity of cervical cancer cells to paclitaxel. SiHa cells were transfected with lentiCRISPR (genome-scale CRISPR knockout library v.2) and then treated with paclitaxel or vehicle for 14 days. Subsequently, we screened for candidate genes whose loss resulted in sensitivity to paclitaxel. We obtained 374 candidates, some of which were consistent with those reported in previous studies, including ABCC9, IL37, EIF3C, AKT1S1, and several members of the PPP gene family (PPP1R7, PPP2R5B, PPP1R7, and PPP1R11). Importantly, our findings highlighted the newly identified genes that could provide novel insights into the mechanisms of paclitaxel sensitivity in cervical cancer. Cas9 technology provides a reliable method for the exploration of more effective combination chemotherapies for patients at the gene level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 100006, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 100006, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 100006, China
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144
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Zhang S, Ren Y, Qiu J. Dauricine inhibits viability and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in renal cell carcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7403-7408. [PMID: 29568902 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which is derived from the proximal tubules of nephrons, is one of the most common solid cancers. Due to its inherent insensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, surgery remains the only curative strategy for RCC. Therefore, a novel strategy for treating RCC is urgently needed. This study aims to investigate the effects of dauricine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, in RCC cells and the underlying mechanisms of its action. The effects of dauricine on viability, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis in RCC cells were determined in vitro by MTT assay, flow cytometry and nucleosome ELISA assay, respectively. Mechanism studies were performed by analyzing related proteins using western blotting assays. We show that dauricine effectively inhibits the viability of four RCC cell lines (786‑O, Caki‑1, A‑498 and ACHN). In addition, dauricine induces cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in RCC cells. Dauricine also induces apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway, since caspase‑9 and caspase‑3 but not caspase‑8 activation was detected after the treatment. Moreover, dauricine was able to inhibit the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Our findings suggest inhibitory effects of dauricine in renal cancer cells and provide a better understanding of its underlying mechanism. Our findings suggest that dauricine could be a potential therapeutic agent for treating RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Urological Surgery, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Qiu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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145
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Chen Y, Sun Z, Qi M, Wang X, Zhang W, Chen C, Liu J, Zhao W. INPP4B restrains cell proliferation and metastasis via regulation of the PI3K/AKT/SGK pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2018. [PMID: 29516642 PMCID: PMC5908107 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer continues to be among the most frequent gynaecologic cancers worldwide. The phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway is constitutively activated in cervical cancer. Inositol polyphosphate 4‐phosphatase type II (INPP4B) is a phosphoinositide phosphatase and considered a negative regulatory factor of the PI3K/AKT pathway. INPP4B has diverse roles in various tumours, but its role in cervical cancer is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of INPP4B in cervical cancer. Overexpression of INPP4B in HeLa, SiHa and C33a cells inhibited cell proliferation, metastasis and invasiveness in CCK‐8, colony formation, anchorage‐independent growth in soft agar and Transwell assay. INPP4B reduced the expression of some essential proteins in the PI3K/AKT/SGK3 pathway including p‐AKT, p‐SGK3, p‐mTOR, phospho‐p70S6K and PDK1. In addition, overexpression of INPP4B decreased xenograft tumour growth in nude mice. Loss of INPP4B protein expression was found in more than 60% of human cervical carcinoma samples. In conclusion, INPP4B impedes the proliferation and invasiveness of cervical cancer cells by inhibiting the activation of two downstream molecules of the PI3K pathway, AKT and SGK3. INPP4B acts as a tumour suppressor in cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zeyu Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Qi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weifang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weiming Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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146
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Xue X, Wang B, Du W, Zhang C, Song Y, Cai Y, Cen D, Wang L, Xiong Y, Jiang P, Zhu S, Zhao KN, Zhang L. Generation of affibody molecules specific for HPV16 E7 recognition. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73995-74005. [PMID: 27659535 PMCID: PMC5342030 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer caused by infection with high-risk human papillomavirus remains to be the most deadly gynecologic malignancy worldwide. It is well documented that persistent expression of two oncogenes (E6/E7) plays the key roles in cervical cancer. Thus, in vivo detection of the oncoproteins is very important for the diagnosis of the cancer. Recently, affibody molecules have been demonstrated to be a powerful targeting probe for tumor-targeted imaging and diagnosis. In this study, four HPV16 E7-binding affibody molecules (Z HPV16 E7127, Z HPV16E7301, Z HPV16E7384 and Z HPV16E7745) were screened from a phage-displayed peptide library and used for molecular imaging in tumor-bearing mice. Biosensor binding analyses showed first that the four affibody molecules bound to HPV16 E7 with very high affinity and specificity. They co-localized with E7 protein only in two HPV16-positive cancer cells (SiHa and CaSki). Furthermore, affibody ZHPV16E7384 was conjugated with Dylight755 and used for in vivo tumor-imaging. Strongly high-contrast tumor retention of this affibody only occurred in HPV16-derived tumors of mice as early as 30 min post-injection, not in HPV-negative and HPV18-derived tumors. The accumulation of Dylight755-conjugated ZHPV16E7384 in tumor was achieved over a longer time period (24 h). The data here provide strong evidence that E7-specific affibody molecules have great potential used for molecular imaging and diagnosis of HPV-induced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of molecular virology and immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bingbing Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of molecular virology and immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wangqi Du
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of molecular virology and immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chanqiong Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of molecular virology and immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiling Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of molecular virology and immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Cai
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Danwei Cen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of molecular virology and immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ledan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yirong Xiong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of molecular virology and immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of molecular virology and immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shanli Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of molecular virology and immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kong-Nan Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of molecular virology and immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of molecular virology and immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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147
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Mutational signatures and chromosome alteration profiles of squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e442. [PMID: 29422544 PMCID: PMC5903820 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) consists of two different etiologic categories: human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated (HPV (+)) and HPV-non-associated (HPV (−)). There have been no genome-wide studies on the genetic alterations of vulvar SCCs or on the differences between HPV (+) and HPV (−) vulvar SCCs. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing and copy number profiling of 6 HPV (+) and 9 HPV (−) vulvar SCCs and found known mutations (TP53, CDKN2A and HRAS) and copy number alterations (CNAs) (7p and 8q gains and 2q loss) in HPV (−) SCCs. In HPV (+), we found novel mutations in PIK3CA, BRCA2 and FBXW7 that had not been reported in vulvar SCCs. HPV (−) SCCs exhibited more mutational loads (numbers of nonsilent mutations and driver mutations) than HPV (+) SCCs, but the CNA loads and mutation signatures between HPV (+) and HPV (−) SCCs did not differ. Of note, 40% and 40% of the 15 vulvar SCCs harbored PIK3CA and FAT1 alterations, respectively. In addition, we found that the SCCs harbored kataegis (a localized hypermutation) in 2 HPV (+) SCCs and copy-neutral losses of heterozygosity in 4 (one HPV (+) and 3 HPV (−)) SCCs. Our data indicate that HPV (+) and HPV (−) vulvar SCCs may have different mutation and CNA profiles but that there are genomic features common to SCCs. Our data provide useful information for both HPV (+) and HPV (−) vulvar SCCs and may aid in the development of clinical treatment strategies.
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148
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Xiaoyu H, Yiru Y, Shuisheng S, Keyan C, Zixing Y, Shanglin C, Yuan W, Dongming C, Wangliang Z, Xudong B, Jie M. The mTOR Pathway Regulates PKM2 to Affect Glycolysis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018; 17:1533033818780063. [PMID: 29916308 PMCID: PMC6024499 DOI: 10.1177/1533033818780063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a highly prevalent cancer withpoor survival rate and prognosis. Increasing evidence suggests an important role for metabolic regulation in treating esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The pyruvate kinase M2 isoform is a key enzyme in the energy production process, and the upregulation of pyruvate kinase M2 isoform also plays a crucial role in gene transcription and tumorigenesis. The mammalian target of rapamycin pathway regulates an array of cellular functions, including protein synthesis, metabolism, and cell proliferation. The pyruvate kinase M2 isoform and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways both affect metabolism in cancers, and evidence also suggests that the mammalian target of rapamycin downstream transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α regulates pyruvate kinase M2 isoform. We therefore investigated the regulatory mechanism among pyruvate kinase M2 isoform, mammalian target of rapamycin, and aerobic glycolysis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, hoping to prove that mammalian target of rapamycin pathway regulates pyruvate kinase M2 isoform to affect glycolysis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was used to compare pyruvate kinase M2 isoform and phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin expression in 30 human pathological esophageal squamous cell carcinoma sections and 30 nontumoral esophageal tissues. Short hairpin RNA was used to inhibit pyruvate kinase M2 isoform and activate mammalian target of rapamycin, after which we monitored changes in glucose consumption and lactate production. Finally, we determined the expression of pyruvate kinase M2 isoform and the mammalian target of rapamycin downstream transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, as well as glucose consumption and lactate production, following the modification of mammalian target of rapamycin expression. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining showed that both phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin and pyruvate kinase M2 isoform expression were higher in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma than in nontumor tissues. Glucose consumption and lactate production measurements demonstrated that altering mammalian target of rapamycin and pyruvate kinase M2 isoform levels caused corresponding changes in glycolysis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. When mammalian target of rapamycin was activated or inhibited, expression of pyruvate kinase M2 isoform and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α as well as glycolysis were altered, indicating that mammalian target of rapamycin regulates pyruvate kinase M2 isoform via the downstream transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, thereby affecting glycolysis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION Mammalian target of rapamycin pathway promotes aerobic glycolysis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by upregulating pyruvate kinase M2 isoform. Both proteins can serve as molecular targets for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Xiaoyu
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yin Yiru
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shi Shuisheng
- Endoscopy Center, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Cheng Keyan
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Zixing
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Cheng Shanglin
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wang Yuan
- Endoscopy Center, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Cheng Dongming
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhang Wangliang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bai Xudong
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, China
| | - Ma Jie
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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149
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Song Z, Feng C, Lu Y, Gao Y, Lin Y, Dong C. Overexpression and biological function of MEF2D in human pancreatic cancer. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:4836-4847. [PMID: 29218083 PMCID: PMC5714769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To explore the expression, clinical significance, biological function, and potential mechanism of MEF2D in pancreatic cancer, the expression of MEF2D in human pancreatic cancer tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues was analyzed through immunohistochemical staining. The association between MEF2D expression, clinicopathological parameters, overall survival, and disease-free survival was evaluated. Human pancreatic cancer cell lines BxPC-1 and SW1990 were selected to investigate the effect of MEF2D knockdown on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Western blot analysis was used to assess the effect of MEF2D expression on the Akt/GSK pathway, as well as the protein expression of cyclin B1, cyclin D1, matrix metalloprotein (MMP)-2, and MMP-9. Our results revealed that the expression of MEF2D was increased in pancreatic cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues and the increased expression of MEF2D was associated with tumor size, histological differentiation, and TNM stage of pancreatic cancer patients. Moreover, the expression of MEF2D was an independent prognostic indicator for pancreatic cancer patients. In addition, knockdown of MEF2D in pancreatic cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by down-regulating the protein expression of cyclin B1, cyclin D1, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Knockdown of MEF2D reduced the levels of phosphorylated Akt and GSK-3β. Our data indicated that MEF2D expression was increased in pancreatic cancer and was an independent molecular prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer patients. Furthermore, we showed that MEF2D controlled cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities in pancreatic cancer via the Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwang Song
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Feng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglin Lu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Dong
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, People's Republic of China
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150
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AP4 modulated by the PI3K/AKT pathway promotes prostate cancer proliferation and metastasis of prostate cancer via upregulating L-plastin. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3060. [PMID: 28981098 PMCID: PMC5680569 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The transition from androgen-dependent to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) is a lethal event of uncertain molecular aetiology. Our previous studies demonstrated that L-plastin is involved in PCa invasion and metastasis and is upregulated by androgen and oestrogen in the hormone-dependent PCa cell line LNCaP. We recently found that L-plastin expression is consistently activated even after androgen deprivation, suggesting that androgen-independent transcription factors may regulate its expression. Herein, we performed sequential deletion and luciferase analysis of the L-plastin promoter and found that an androgen-independent regulatory factor prominently located in the region close to the transcription initiation site (−216 to +118) may facilitate L-plastin upregulation. AP4 was then identified as the relevant transcription activator that directly binds to the L-plastin promoter, as confirmed by EMSAs, supershift assays and CHIP-qPCR experiments. Moreover, we determined that the AP4/L-plastin axis is regulated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, contributing to PCa metastasis and castration resistance. Furthermore, we found that AP4 promotes PCa metastasis by upregulating L-plastin expression in vitro and in vivo. We collected a total of 136 PCa tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues from patients who underwent prostatectomy at Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital from 2005 to 2015 and measured AP4 and L-plastin protein levels by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that AP4 levels strongly correlated with those of its downstream target gene L-plastin, were significantly upregulated in PCa tissues, were positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and Gleason scores over 7, and were an independent prognostic factor for patient survival. In summary, these findings support a plausible mechanism by which the AP4/L-plastin axis is regulated by the PI3K/AKT pathway in human PCa and may represent a novel therapeutic target in PCa treatment.
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