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Parra E, Hervella P, Needham D. Real-Time Visualization of the Precipitation and Phase Behavior of Octaethylporphyrin in Lipid Microparticles. J Pharm Sci 2016; 106:1025-1041. [PMID: 27956095 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The material properties of micro- and nanoparticles are fundamental for their bulk properties in suspension, like their stability and encapsulation efficiency. A particularly interesting system with potential biomedical applications is the encapsulation of hydrophobic porphyrins into lipid particles and their use as metal atom chelators, where retention and stability are keys for the design process. The overall goal here was to study the solubility, phase behavior, and mixing of octaethylporphyrin (OEP) and OEP-Cu chelates with 2 core materials, triolein (TO) and cholesteryl acetate, as single microparticles. We employed a real-time, single-particle microscopic technique based on micropipette injection to characterize the behavior of these materials and their mixtures upon solvent loss and precipitation. A clear phase separation was observed between the triolein liquid core and porphyrin microcrystals, and the ternary phase diagram of the droplet compositions and onsets of phase separation over solvent dissolution was built. On the contrary, cholesteryl acetate and OEP-Cu coprecipitated by solvent dissolution, preventing porphyrin crystallization even for very high supersaturations. This type of real-time, single-particle characterization is expected to offer important information about the formulation of other hydrophobic compounds of interest, where finding the proper encapsulation environment is a key step for their retention and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Parra
- Center for Single Particle Science and Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Pablo Hervella
- Center for Single Particle Science and Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - David Needham
- Center for Single Particle Science and Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
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102
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Ghazanfari L, Lenhert S. Screening of Lipid Composition for Scalable Fabrication of Solvent-Free Lipid Microarrays. FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS 2016; 3:55. [PMID: 29333429 PMCID: PMC5761732 DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2016.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Liquid microdroplet arrays on surfaces are a promising approach to the miniaturization of laboratory processes such as high-throughput screening. The fluid nature of these droplets poses unique challenges and opportunities in their fabrication and application, particularly for the scalable integration of multiple materials over large areas and immersion into cell culture solution. Here, we use pin spotting and nanointaglio printing to screen a library of lipids and their mixtures for their compatibility with these fabrication processes, as well as stability upon immersion into aqueous solution. More than 200 combinations of natural and synthetic oils composed of fatty acids, triglycerides, and hydrocarbons were tested for their pin-spotting and nanointaglio print quality and their ability to contain the fluorescent compound tetramethylrhodamine B isothiocyanate (TRITC) upon immersion in water. A combination of castor oil and hexanoic acid at the ratio of 1:1 (w/w) was found optimal for producing reproducible patterns that are stable upon immersion into water. This method is capable of large-scale nanomaterials integration.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Refractory/intractable migraine headaches are associated with chronic pain that does not respond to standard care of treatment. Propofol(2,6-diisopropylphenol) in sub-anesthetic doses has been reported to be beneficial in such patients. The present article describes the complete drug profile of propofol in the management of these super-refractory migraine headaches. AREAS COVERED The article covers different preclinical and clinical studies available in the literature. Expert commentary: Propofol is useful as an off-label drug molecule in an emergency situation of refractory migraines where it has been found to reduce the pain intensity. The molecule with a narrow therapeutic index and high abuse potential is prescribed only when conventional drugs fail to deliver any relief. There are not adequate double-blind crossover studies that substantiate the effectiveness of propofol in the treatment of migraine headaches. Furthermore, long-term outcomes for the use of propofol in migraine headaches requires an extensive investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Dhir
- a Department of Neurology, School of Medicine , University of California Davis , Sacramento , CA , USA
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104
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Wang L, Su Y, Wang X, Liang K, Liu M, Tang W, Song Y, Liu X, Deng Y. Effects of complement inhibition on the ABC phenomenon in rats. Asian J Pharm Sci 2016; 12:250-258. [PMID: 32104336 PMCID: PMC7032085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers reported that intravenously injected PEGylated colloidal drug carriers lose their long-circulating characteristic and accumulated extensively in liver when they are administrated twice in the same animal with certain intervals. This phenomenon was referred to as the "accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon". Some former studies had found that complement-mediated phagocytosis, activated by antigen-antibody complex, was responsible for inducing the phenomenon. According to the theory, we have used cobra venom factor to deplete complement in vivo and to investigate the effect of complement inhibition on the ABC phenomenon. Rats were administered by injection of cobra venom factor solution to build up the model of complement exhaustion/inhibition, and the effect of the inhibition of complement on ABC phenomenon was carried out. It seemed that inhibition of complement didn't affect the pharmacokinetic of the first infection. By contrast, in rats of which complement had been depleted, the second dose of PEGylated nanoemulsions showed enhanced circulation time compared with normal rats in a complement inhibition-independent manner, but the ABC phenomenon was not completely eliminated. It indicated that complement inhibition could certainly weaken the accelerated clearance; meanwhile, there were other factors causing the ABC effect. These findings provide novel insights into the attenuating of ABC phenomenon and lay foundation for further study of immune mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Wang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuqing Su
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xuling Wang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kaifan Liang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenya Tang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yanzhi Song
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xinrong Liu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yihui Deng
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
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105
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Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and anti-tumor effect of low density lipoprotein peptide conjugated submicron emulsions. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:614-9. [PMID: 27470404 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Docetaxel (Doc) is a potent chemotherapy for cancer but its application is limited by poor water solubility and high risk of side effects. To improve these issues, low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) targeted peptide-RLT (CEKLKEAFRLTRKRGLKLA) modified Docetaxel-loaded submicron emulsions (RLT-DocSEs) had been developed. Docetaxel-loaded SEs (DocSEs) and cationic DocSEs (DocCSEs) were also prepared for comparison. To evaluate the tumor-targeting ability and anti-tumor efficacy, DocSEs, DocCSEs, and RLT-DocSEs were administrated intravenously to rats respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters of three formulations were significantly different. In vivo distribution study was conducted in mice and the results indicated that RLT-DocSEs possessed increased tumor targeting ability than DocSEs and DocCSEs. RLT-DocSEs also resulted in a higher tumor inhibition rate and a better anti-tumor efficacy in mice. All the results suggested that RLT-DocSEs could be a potential formulation for the injection of Doc with enhanced tumor targeting and anti-tumor efficacy.
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106
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Höjer J, Jacobsen D, Neuvonen PJ, Rosenberg PH. Lipid Rescue - Efficacy and Safety Still Unproven. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119:345-8. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Höjer
- Swedish Poisons Information Center; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Dag Jacobsen
- Department of Acute Medicine; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
| | - Pertti J. Neuvonen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Per H. Rosenberg
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine; Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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107
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Isailović T, Ðorđević S, Marković B, Ranđelović D, Cekić N, Lukić M, Pantelić I, Daniels R, Savić S. Biocompatible Nanoemulsions for Improved Aceclofenac Skin Delivery: Formulation Approach Using Combined Mixture-Process Experimental Design. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:308-23. [PMID: 26539935 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to develop lecithin-based nanoemulsions intended for effective aceclofenac (ACF) skin delivery utilizing sucrose esters [sucrose palmitate (SP) and sucrose stearate (SS)] as additional stabilizers and penetration enhancers. To find the suitable surfactant mixtures and levels of process variables (homogenization pressure and number of cycles - high pressure homogenization manufacturing method) that result in drug-loaded nanoemulsions with minimal droplet size and narrow size distribution, a combined mixture-process experimental design was employed. Based on optimization data, selected nanoemulsions were evaluated regarding morphology, surface charge, drug-excipient interactions, physical stability, and in vivo skin performances (skin penetration and irritation potential). The predicted physicochemical properties and storage stability were proved satisfying for ACF-loaded nanoemulsions containing 2% of SP in the blend with 0%-1% of SS and 1%-2% of egg lecithin (produced at 50°C/20 cycles/800 bar). Additionally, the in vivo tape stripping demonstrated superior ACF skin absorption from these nanoemulsions, particularly from those containing 2% of SP, 0.5% of SS, and 1.5% of egg lecithin, when comparing with the sample costabilized by conventional surfactant - polysorbate 80. In summary, the combined mixture-process experimental design was shown as a feasible tool for formulation development of multisurfactant-based nanosized delivery systems with potentially improved overall product performances.
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108
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Estevez P, Boscolo O, Quiroga E, Fernandez Penuto R, Buontempo F, Tripodi V, Lucangioli S. Development and stability study of glibenclamide oral liquid paediatric formulations for the treatment of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2015; 23:213-218. [PMID: 31156851 DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2015-000763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glibenclamide is a second-generation oral sulfonylurea used to treat neonatal permanent diabetes mellitus. It is more effective and safer than the first-generation agents. However, no liquid oral formulation is commercially available and, therefore, it cannot be used for individuals who cannot swallow the solid form. Objectives To develop and study the physicochemical and microbiological stability of two liquid glibenclamide formulations for the treatment of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus: two suspensions (2.5 mg/mL)-one using glibenclamide raw material and the other, glibenclamide tablets. Furthermore, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) stability showed that the method is optimised and validated for analysis of glibenclamide in the formulations studied. Methods Samples were stored at 4°C, 25°C and 40°C. The amount of glibenclamide in each formulation was analysed in duplicate using HPLC at 0, 7, 14, 28, 60 and 90 days. Other parameters were also determined-for example, the appearance, pH and morphology. Microbiological studies according to the guidelines of the US Pharmacopoeia for non-sterile products at 0 and 90 days were carried out. Results All formulations remained physicochemically and microbiologically stable at three different temperatures during the 90-day study. Therefore, glibenclamide formulations can be stored for at least 90 days at ≤40°C. Conclusions These formulations are ideally suited for paediatric patients who usually cannot swallow tablets. The proposed analytical method was suitable for studying the stability of different formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Estevez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oriana Boscolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Quiroga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Quality Control Laboratory, College of Pharmacists of Buenos Aires Province, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Fabian Buontempo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Pharmacy Service, Pediatric Hospital J P Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Tripodi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Silvia Lucangioli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
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109
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Hörmann K, Zimmer A. Drug delivery and drug targeting with parenteral lipid nanoemulsions - A review. J Control Release 2015; 223:85-98. [PMID: 26699427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid nanosized emulsions or nanoemulsions (NE) are oil in water dispersions with an oil droplet size of about 200nm. This size of oil droplets dispersed in a continuous water phase is a prerequisite for the parenteral, namely intravenous administration. Many parenteral nutrition and drug emulsions on the market confirm the safe use of NE over years. Parenteral emulsions loaded with APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients) are considered as drug delivery systems (DDS). DDS focuses on the regulation of the in vivo dynamics, such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and extended bioavailability, thereby improving the effectiveness and the safety of the drugs. Using an emulsion as a DDS, or through the use of surface diversification of the dispersed oil droplets of emulsions, a targeted increase of the API concentration in some parts of the human body can be achieved. This review focuses on NE similar to the marketed once with no or only low amount of additional surfactants beside the emulsifier from a manufacturing point of view (technique, used raw materials).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Hörmann
- Fresenius Kabi Austria GmbH, Hafnerstraße 36, A-8055 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Member of BioTechMed Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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110
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Xu W, Lee MK. Development and evaluation of lipid nanoparticles for paclitaxel delivery: a comparison between solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-015-0224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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111
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da Silva FLO, da Silva Tinoco LM, Ferreira LAM, Malagutti AR, Carneiro G. Determination of all-trans retinoic acid loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles by differential pulse voltammetry at glassy carbon electrode. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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112
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Buys M, Scheepers PA, Levin AI. Lipid emulsion therapy: non-nutritive uses of lipid emulsions in anaesthesia and intensive care. SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/22201181.2015.1095470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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113
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Lin X, Ma L, Racette SB, Swaney WP, Ostlund RE. Preparation of intravenous cholesterol tracer using current good manufacturing practices. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:2393-8. [PMID: 26416797 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d061762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of human reverse cholesterol transport require intravenous infusion of cholesterol tracers. Because insoluble lipids may pose risk and because it is desirable to have consistent doses of defined composition available over many months, we investigated the manufacture of cholesterol tracer under current good manufacturing practice (CGMP) conditions appropriate for phase 1 investigation. Cholesterol tracer was prepared by sterile admixture of unlabeled cholesterol or cholesterol-d7 in ethanol with 20% Intralipid(®). The resulting material was filtered through a 1.2 micron particulate filter, stored at 4°C, and tested at time 0, 1.5, 3, 6, and 9 months for sterility, pyrogenicity, autoxidation, and particle size and aggregation. The limiting factor for stability was a rise in thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances of 9.6-fold over 9 months (P < 0.01). The emulsion was stable with the Z-average intensity-weighted mean droplet diameter remaining at 60 nm over 23 months. The zeta potential (a measure of negative surface charge protecting from aggregation) was unchanged at -36.2. Rapid cholesterol pool size was 25.3 ± 1.3 g. Intravenous cholesterol tracer was stable at 4°C for 9 months postproduction. CGMP manufacturing methods can be achieved in the academic setting and need to be considered for critical components of future metabolic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Lin
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Lina Ma
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Susan B Racette
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - William P Swaney
- Biologic Therapeutics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Richard E Ostlund
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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114
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Schwendeman A, Sviridov DO, Yuan W, Guo Y, Morin EE, Yuan Y, Stonik J, Freeman L, Ossoli A, Thacker S, Killion S, Pryor M, Chen YE, Turner S, Remaley AT. The effect of phospholipid composition of reconstituted HDL on its cholesterol efflux and anti-inflammatory properties. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1727-37. [PMID: 26117661 PMCID: PMC4548777 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m060285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to understand how the reconstituted HDL (rHDL) phospholipid (PL) composition affects its cholesterol efflux and anti-inflammatory properties. An ApoA-I mimetic peptide, 5A, was combined with either SM or POPC. Both lipid formulations exhibited similar in vitro cholesterol efflux by ABCA1, but 5A-SM exhibited higher ABCG1- and SR-BI-mediated efflux relative to 5A-POPC (P < 0.05). Injection of both rHDLs in rats resulted in mobilization of plasma cholesterol, although the relative potency was 3-fold higher for the same doses of 5A-SM than for 5A-POPC. Formation of preβ HDL was observed following incubation of rHDLs with both human and rat plasma in vitro, with 5A-SM inducing a higher extent of preβ formation relative to 5A-POPC. Both rHDLs exhibited anti-inflammatory properties, but 5A-SM showed higher inhibition of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β release than did 5A-POPC (P < 0.05). Both 5A-SM and 5A-POPC showed reduction in total plaque area in ApoE(-/-) mice, but only 5A-SM showed a statistically significant reduction over placebo control and baseline (P < 0.01). The type of PL used to reconstitute peptide has significant influence on rHDL's anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerosis properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Denis O. Sviridov
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Wenmin Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Emily E. Morin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
| | - John Stonik
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Lita Freeman
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Alice Ossoli
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Seth Thacker
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Milton Pryor
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Alan T. Remaley
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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115
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Wiącek AE, Adryańczyk E. Interfacial Properties of Phosphatidylcholine-based Dispersed Systems. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ewa Wiącek
- Department of Interfacial
Phenomena, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Emilian Adryańczyk
- Department of Interfacial
Phenomena, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20031 Lublin, Poland
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116
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Zhang J, Wu B. Significantly enhanced bioavailability of niclosamide through submicron lipid emulsions with or without PEG-lipid: a comparative study. J Microencapsul 2015; 32:496-502. [PMID: 26079596 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2015.1057251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Niclosamide (NL) has demonstrated its great potential in fighting against leukaemia recently. However, either oral or systemic delivery of NL is challenged by its insoluble nature. Here, we developed two different NL-loaded submicron lipid emulsions (NL-SLEs) and compared their suitability in bioavailability enhancement. Conventional and PEGylated NL-SLEs (NL-CSLEs and NL-PSLEs) were prepared by melt dispersion/high pressure homogenisation technique. They were about 307.8 and 162.2 nm in particle size, respectively, and both of them possessed satisfactory stability and drug load (>9.0%). After oral administration, significantly enhanced bioavailability was achieved through NL-CSLEs and NL-PSLEs (441.11 and 463.55% relative to the reference). Apart from global size, NL-CSLEs and NL-PSLEs exhibited similar attributes in release, lipolysis, mucin binding, etc. Taken together, SLEs with or without PEG-lipid have shown to be promising for oral delivery of NL. PEG-lipid could significantly reduce the particle size of SLEs. But, macromolecular PEG-lipid was required to effectively stealth the lipid carriers.
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117
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Li J, Wang X, Zhang T, Wang C, Huang Z, Luo X, Deng Y. A review on phospholipids and their main applications in drug delivery systems. Asian J Pharm Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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118
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Brito LA, Chan M, Shaw CA, Hekele A, Carsillo T, Schaefer M, Archer J, Seubert A, Otten GR, Beard CW, Dey AK, Lilja A, Valiante NM, Mason PW, Mandl CW, Barnett SW, Dormitzer PR, Ulmer JB, Singh M, O'Hagan DT, Geall AJ. A cationic nanoemulsion for the delivery of next-generation RNA vaccines. Mol Ther 2014; 22:2118-2129. [PMID: 25027661 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based vaccines such as viral vectors, plasmid DNA, and mRNA are being developed as a means to address a number of unmet medical needs that current vaccine technologies have been unable to address. Here, we describe a cationic nanoemulsion (CNE) delivery system developed to deliver a self-amplifying mRNA vaccine. This nonviral delivery system is based on Novartis's proprietary adjuvant MF59, which has an established clinical safety profile and is well tolerated in children, adults, and the elderly. We show that nonviral delivery of a 9 kb self-amplifying mRNA elicits potent immune responses in mice, rats, rabbits, and nonhuman primates comparable to a viral delivery technology, and demonstrate that, relatively low doses (75 µg) induce antibody and T-cell responses in primates. We also show the CNE-delivered self-amplifying mRNA enhances the local immune environment through recruitment of immune cells similar to an MF59 adjuvanted subunit vaccine. Lastly, we show that the site of protein expression within the muscle and magnitude of protein expression is similar to a viral vector. Given the demonstration that self-amplifying mRNA delivered using a CNE is well tolerated and immunogenic in a variety of animal models, we are optimistic about the prospects for this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Brito
- Novartis Vaccines, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Armin Hekele
- Novartis Vaccines, Holly Springs, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Jacob Archer
- Novartis Vaccines, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Antu K Dey
- Novartis Vaccines, Holly Springs, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anders Lilja
- Novartis Vaccines, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Current address: Hookipa Biotech AG, Helmut-Qualtinger-Gasse 2, Vienna, Austria
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A novel oil-in-water emulsion as a potential adjuvant for influenza vaccine: Development, characterization, stability and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2014; 468:187-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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120
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Ganta S, Talekar M, Singh A, Coleman TP, Amiji MM. Nanoemulsions in translational research-opportunities and challenges in targeted cancer therapy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:694-708. [PMID: 24510526 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoemulsion dosage form serves as a vehicle for the delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients and has attracted great attention in drug delivery and pharmacotherapy. In particular, nanoemulsions act as an excellent vehicle for poorly aqueous soluble drugs, which are otherwise difficult to formulate in conventional dosage forms. Nanoemulsions are submicron emulsions composed of generally regarded as safe grade excipients. Particle size at the nanoscale and larger surface area lead to some very interesting physical properties that can be exploited to overcome anatomical and physiological barriers associated in drug delivery to the complex diseases such as cancer. Along these lines, nanoemulsions have been engineered with specific attributes such as size, surface charge, prolonged blood circulation, target specific binding ability, and imaging capability. These attributes can be tuned to assist in delivering drug/imaging agents to the specific site of interest, based on active and passive targeting mechanisms. This review focuses on the current state of nanoemulsions in the translational research and its role in targeted cancer therapy. In addition, the production, physico-chemical characterization, and regulatory aspects of nanoemulsion are addressed.
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121
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Treatment of intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a review of intrahepatic doxorubicin drug-delivery systems. Ther Deliv 2014; 5:447-66. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The biopharmaceutical properties of doxorubicin delivered via two drug-delivery systems (DDSs) for the palliative treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma were reviewed with relation to the associated liver and tumor (patho)physiology. These two DDSs, doxorubicin emulsified with Lipiodol® and doxorubicin loaded into DC Bead® are different regarding tumor delivery, release rate, local bioavailability, if and how they can be given repeatedly, biodegradability, length of embolization and safety profile. There have been few direct head-to-head comparisons of these DDSs, and in-depth investigations into their in vitro and in vivo performance is warranted.
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Lee EH, Hong SS, Kim SH, Lee MK, Lim JS, Lim SJ. Computed tomography-guided screening of surfactant effect on blood circulation time of emulsions: application to the design of an emulsion formulation for paclitaxel. Pharm Res 2014; 31:2022-34. [PMID: 24549824 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In an effort to apply the imaging techniques currently used in disease diagnosis for monitoring the pharmacokinetics and biodisposition of particulate drug carriers, we sought to use computed tomography (CT) scanning methodology to investigate the impact of surfactant on the blood residence time of emulsions. METHODS We prepared the iodinated oil Lipiodol emulsions with different compositions of surfactants and investigated the impact of surfactant on the blood residence time of emulsions by CT scanning. RESULTS The blood circulation time of emulsions was prolonged by including Tween 80 or DSPE-PEG (polyethylene glycol 2000) in emulsions. Tween 80 was less effective than DSPE-PEG in terms of prolongation effect, but the blood circulating time of emulsions was prolonged in a Tween 80 content-dependent manner. As a proof-of-concept demonstration of the usefulness of CT-guided screening in the process of formulating drugs that need to be loaded in emulsions, paclitaxel was loaded in emulsions prepared with 87 or 65% Tween 80-containing surfactant mixtures. A pharmacokinetics study showed that paclitaxel loaded in 87% Tween 80 emulsions circulated longer in the bloodstream compared to those in 65% Tween 80 emulsions, as predicted by CT imaging. CONCLUSIONS CT-visible, Lipiodol emulsions enabled the simple evaluation of surfactant composition effects on the biodisposition of emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Pharmaceutical point of view on parenteral nutrition. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:415310. [PMID: 24453847 PMCID: PMC3885274 DOI: 10.1155/2013/415310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenteral nutrition--a form of administering nutrients, electrolytes, trace elements, vitamins, and water--is a widely used mode of therapy applied in many diseases, in patients of different ages both at home and in hospital. The success of nutritional therapy depends chiefly on proper determination of the patient's energetic and electrolytic needs as well as preparation and administration of a safe nutritional mixture. As a parenterally administered drug, it is expected to be microbiologically and physicochemically stable, with all of the components compatible with each other. It is very difficult to obtain a stable nutritional mixture due to the fact that it is a complex, two-phase drug. Also, the risk of incompatibility between mixture components and packaging should be taken into consideration and possibly eliminated. Since parenteral nutrition is a part of therapy, simultaneous use of drugs may cause pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions as well as those with the pharmaceutical phase. The aim of this paper is to discuss such aspects of parenteral nutrition as mixture stability, methodology, and methods for determining the stability of nutritional mixtures and drugs added to them.
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Đorđević SM, Radulović TS, Cekić ND, Ranđelović DV, Savić MM, Krajišnik DR, Milić JR, Savić SD. Experimental design in formulation of diazepam nanoemulsions: physicochemical and pharmacokinetic performances. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:4159-72. [PMID: 24114833 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
With the aid of experimental design, we developed and characterized nanoemulsions for parenteral drug delivery. Formulations containing a mixture of medium-chain triglycerides and soybean oil as oil phase, lecithin (soybean/egg) and polysorbate 80 as emulsifiers, and 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 8) as aqueous phase were prepared by cold high-pressure homogenization. To study the effects of the oil content, lecithin type, and the presence of diazepam as a model drug and their interactions on physicochemical characteristics of nanoemulsions, a three factor two-level full factorial design was applied. The nanoemulsions were evaluated concerning droplet size and size distribution, surface charge, viscosity, morphology, drug-excipient interactions, and physical stability. The characterization revealed the small spherical droplets in the range 195 -220 nm with polydispersity index below 0.15 and zeta potential between -30 and - 60 mV. Interactions among the investigated factors, rather than factors alone, were shown to more profoundly affect nanoemulsion characteristics. In vivo pharmacokinetic study of selected diazepam nanoemulsions with different oil content (20%, 30%, and 40%, w/w) demonstrated fast and intense initial distribution into rat brain of diazepam from nanoemulsions with 20% and 30% (w/w) oil content, suggesting their applicability in urgent situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanela M Đorđević
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
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Yang R, Zhang X, Li F, Ding L, Li B, Sun H, Gan Y. Role of phospholipids and copolymers in enhancing stability and controlling degradation of intravenous lipid emulsions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Blasi P, Schoubben A, Traina G, Manfroni G, Barberini L, Alberti PF, Cirotto C, Ricci M. Lipid nanoparticles for brain targeting III. Long-term stability and in vivo toxicity. Int J Pharm 2013; 454:316-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Idée JM, Guiu B. Use of Lipiodol as a drug-delivery system for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma: a review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 88:530-49. [PMID: 23921081 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major public health problem. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is recognized as the standard of care for patients with unresectable, asymptomatic, noninvasive and multinodular HCC. This procedure is based on percutaneous administration of a cytotoxic drug emulsified with Lipiodol followed by embolization of the tumour-feeding arteries. The standard procedure involves Lipiodol, an oily contrast medium which consists of a mixture of long-chain di-iodinated ethyl esters of poppy seed fatty acids. The aim of this review is to discuss the physical properties, tumour uptake behaviour and drug delivery effects of Lipiodol, the parameters influencing tumour uptake and future prospects. Lipiodol has a unique place in TACE as it combines three specific characteristics: drug delivery, transient and plastic embolization and radiopacity properties. Substantial heterogeneity in the physicochemical characteristics of Lipiodol/cytotoxic agent emulsions might reduce the efficacy of this procedure and justifies the current interest in Lipiodol for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Idée
- Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy-Charles de Gaulle cedex, France.
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128
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Vaccine adjuvant formulations: a pharmaceutical perspective. Semin Immunol 2013; 25:130-45. [PMID: 23850011 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Formulation science is an unappreciated and often overlooked aspect in the field of vaccinology. In this review we highlight key attributes necessary to generate well characterized adjuvant formulations. The relationship between the adjuvant and the antigen impacts the immune responses generated by these complex biopharmaceutical formulations. We will use 5 well established vaccine adjuvant platforms; alum, emulsions, liposomes, PLG, and particulate systems such as ISCOMS in addition to immune stimulatory molecules such as MPL to illustrate that a vaccine formulation is more than a simple mixture of component A and component B. This review identifies the challenges and opportunities of these adjuvant platforms. As antigen and adjuvant formulations increase in complexity having a well characterized robust formulation will be critical to ensuring robust and reproducible results throughout preclinical and clinical studies.
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Tamjidi F, Shahedi M, Varshosaz J, Nasirpour A. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC): A potential delivery system for bioactive food molecules. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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130
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Manzanares W, Dhaliwal R, Jurewitsch B, Stapleton RD, Jeejeebhoy KN, Heyland DK. Alternative lipid emulsions in the critically ill: a systematic review of the evidence. Intensive Care Med 2013; 39:1683-94. [PMID: 23812404 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-013-2999-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parenteral lipid emulsions (LEs) are commonly rich in long-chain triglycerides derived from soybean oil (SO). SO-containing emulsions may promote systemic inflammation and therefore may adversely affect clinical outcomes. We hypothesized that alternative oil-based LEs (SO-sparing strategies) may improve clinical outcomes in critically ill adult patients compared to products containing SO emulsion only. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of parenteral SO-sparing strategies on clinical outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. METHODS We searched computerized databases from 1980 to 2013. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in critically ill adult patients that evaluated SO-sparing strategies versus SO-based LEs in the context of parenteral nutrition. RESULTS A total of 12 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. When the results of these RCTs were statistically aggregated, SO-sparing strategies were associated with clinically important reductions in mortality (risk ratio, RR 0.83; 95 % confidence intervals, CI 0.62, 1.11; P = 0.20), in duration of ventilation (weighted mean difference, WMD -2.57; 95 % CI -5.51, 0.37; P = 0.09), and in ICU length of stay (LOS) (WMD -2.31; 95 % CI -5.28, 0.66; P = 0.13) but none of these differences were statistically significant. SO-sparing strategies had no effect on infectious complications (RR 1.13; 95 % CI 0.87, 1.46; P = 0.35). CONCLUSION Alternative oil-based LEs may be associated with clinically important reductions in mortality, duration of ventilation, and ICU LOS but lack of statistical precision precludes any clinical recommendations at this time. Further research is warranted to confirm these potential positive treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Manzanares
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay,
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131
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Feng Y, Browner P, Teitelbaum DH. Effects on varying intravenous lipid emulsions on the small bowel epithelium in a mouse model of parenteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2013; 37:775-86. [PMID: 23757306 DOI: 10.1177/0148607113491608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injectable fat emulsions (FEs) are a clinically dependable source of essential fatty acids (FA). ω-6 FA is associated with an inflammatory response. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT, ω-3 FA), fish oil, and olive oil are reported to decrease the inflammatory response. However, the effect of these lipids on the gastrointestinal tract has not been well studied. To address this, we used a mouse model of parenteral nutrition (PN) and hypothesized that a decrease in intestinal inflammation would be seen when either fish oil and MCT or olive oil were added. METHODS Three FEs were studied in adult C57BL/6 mice via intravenous cannulation: standard soybean-based FE (SBFE), 80% olive oil -supplemented FE (OOFE), or a combination of a soybean oil, MCT, olive oil, and fish oil emulsion (SMOF). PN was given for 7 days, small bowel mucosa-derived cytokines, animal survival rate, epithelial cell (EC) proliferation and apoptosis rates, intestinal barrier function and mucosal FA composition were analyzed. RESULTS Compared to the SBFE and SMOF groups, the best survival, highest EC proliferation and lowest EC apoptosis rates were observed in the OOFE group; and associated with the lowest levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β expression. Jejunal FA content showed higher levels of eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acid in the SMOF group and the highest arachidonic acid in the OOFE group. CONCLUSION The study showed that PN containing OOFE had beneficial effects to small bowel health and animal survival. Further investigation may help to enhance bowel integrity in patients restricted to PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Feng
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, the University of Michigan Medical School and the C. S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Williams HD, Trevaskis NL, Charman SA, Shanker RM, Charman WN, Pouton CW, Porter CJH. Strategies to address low drug solubility in discovery and development. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:315-499. [PMID: 23383426 DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.005660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 979] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs with low water solubility are predisposed to low and variable oral bioavailability and, therefore, to variability in clinical response. Despite significant efforts to "design in" acceptable developability properties (including aqueous solubility) during lead optimization, approximately 40% of currently marketed compounds and most current drug development candidates remain poorly water-soluble. The fact that so many drug candidates of this type are advanced into development and clinical assessment is testament to an increasingly sophisticated understanding of the approaches that can be taken to promote apparent solubility in the gastrointestinal tract and to support drug exposure after oral administration. Here we provide a detailed commentary on the major challenges to the progression of a poorly water-soluble lead or development candidate and review the approaches and strategies that can be taken to facilitate compound progression. In particular, we address the fundamental principles that underpin the use of strategies, including pH adjustment and salt-form selection, polymorphs, cocrystals, cosolvents, surfactants, cyclodextrins, particle size reduction, amorphous solid dispersions, and lipid-based formulations. In each case, the theoretical basis for utility is described along with a detailed review of recent advances in the field. The article provides an integrated and contemporary discussion of current approaches to solubility and dissolution enhancement but has been deliberately structured as a series of stand-alone sections to allow also directed access to a specific technology (e.g., solid dispersions, lipid-based formulations, or salt forms) where required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hywel D Williams
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Tamilvanan S, Baskar R. Effect of non-phospholipid-based cationic and phospholipid-based anionic nanosized emulsions on skin retention and anti-inflammatory activity of celecoxib. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 18:761-71. [PMID: 23668371 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2011.586038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Celecoxib (CXB, 0.2 g)-loaded anionic and cationic nanosized emulsions were prepared by a well-established combined emulsification method. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of non-phospholipid-based cationic and phospholipid-based anionic emulsions on skin retention and anti-inflammatory activity of CXB. METHODS Using Keshary-Chien diffusion cells with cellulose acetate membrane or excised rat skin, in vitro release and skin retention of CXB from solution and emulsions were studied. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema method in Wistar rats. RESULTS The amount of drug released through artificial membrane has decreased from 122.00 ± 0.70 μg/cm(2) for the CXB solution to 55.80 ± 0.70 μg/cm(2) for anionic emulsion, and then further decreased to 24.79 ± 0.90 μg/cm(2) for cationic emulsion. The JSS value obtained with solution, anionic, and cationic emulsions were 6825.79 ± 920.86, 2513.15 ± 382.71, and 1925.67 ± 147.42, respectively. Cationic emulsion showed a significantly higher level (P ≤ 0.05) of drug accumulation in full-thickness rat skin than anionic emulsion, and a substantially lesser percentage inhibition of edema values compared with both solution and anionic emulsion. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Sustained drug release together with increased skin accumulation and simultaneously decreased skin permeation as observed with cationic emulsion should substantiate its suitability as a topical delivery vehicle for CXB.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tamilvanan
- International Medical University SDN BHD, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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134
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Atanase LI, Riess G. Block copolymer stabilized nonaqueous biocompatible sub-micron emulsions for topical applications. Int J Pharm 2013; 448:339-45. [PMID: 23566926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400/Miglyol 812 non-aqueous sub-micron emulsions were developed due to the fact that they are of interest for the design of drug-loaded biocompatible topical formulations. These types of emulsions were favourably stabilized by poly (2-vinylpyridine)-b-poly (butadiene) (P2VP-b-PBut) copolymer with DPBut>DP2VP, each of these sequences being well-adapted to the solubility parameters of PEG 400 and Miglyol 812, respectively. This type of block copolymers, which might limit the Ostwald ripening, appeared to be more efficient stabilizers than low molecular weight non-ionic surfactants. The emulsion characteristics, such as particle size, stability and viscosity at different shear rates were determined as a function of the phase ratio, the copolymer concentration and storage time. It was further shown that Acyclovir, as a model drug of low water solubility, could be incorporated into the PEG 400 dispersed phase, with no significant modification of the initial emulsion characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Ionut Atanase
- University of Haute Alsace, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse, Laboratoire de Photochimie et d'Ingénierie Macromoléculaires, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
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Tenambergen F, Maruiama CH, Mäder K. Dual asymmetric centrifugation as an alternative preparation method for parenteral fat emulsions in preformulation development. Int J Pharm 2013; 447:31-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Dong W, Zhang L, Niu Y, Fan D, Wu X, Tang X, Cai C. A stable and practical etoposide-containing intravenous long-/medium-chain triglycerides-based lipid emulsion formulation: pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, toxicity, and antitumor efficacy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:559-71. [PMID: 23373755 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.769954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This work aimed to evaluate pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, toxicity, and antitumor activities of a highly stable long-/medium-chain triglycerides (LCT/MCT)-based etoposide parenteral emulsion (EPE) in comparison to etoposide parenteral solution (EPS). METHODS Using high-pressure homogenization method, EPE was prepared and sterilized at 121°C for 10 min by autoclaving. The biological samples were analyzed using the UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method. RESULTS Superior stability of EPE was verified with no significant changes in physicochemical properties in the accelerating and long-term stability tests. Similar pharmacokinetic behavior in beagle dogs was obtained and the AUC 0 - 12h values were 1196.73 ± 320.85 and 1505.56 ± 617.93 µg.h/L for EPE and EPS (p > 0.5), respectively. Likewise, no remarkable difference in biodistribution profiles in mice was found for both formulations. Safety assessment studies including hemolysis test, rabbit ear vein test and injection anaphylaxis were undertaken and the EPE was proven to be safe for intravenous administration. Specifically, after consecutive 12 weeks administration in rats, systematic and local toxicity induced by EPE were alleviated relative to that of EPS. Furthermore, significant and comparable antitumor activities to EPS were also demonstrated by EPE with tumor suppression rate (TSR) of 66.63, 55.94, and 60.16% against H460, Hep G2, and BCAP-37 human cancer cell lines in nude mice at the dose of 15 mg/kg, respectively. CONCLUSION These results suggest that this LCT/MCT-based lipid emulsion is a promising alternative intravenous carrier for etoposide with high stability, improved convenience, alleviated toxicity, and noncompromised antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Dong
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Department of Pharmaceutics , 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 , China.
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Role of diuretics and lipid formulations in the prevention of amphotericin B-induced nephrotoxicity. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 69:1351-68. [PMID: 23361383 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-013-1472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To collect available clinical data to define the role of diuretics and lipid formulations in the prevention of amphotericin B (AmB)-induced nephrotoxicity (AIN) in human populations. METHOD A literature search was performed in the following databases: Scopus, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Co-administration of mannitol failed to show any clinically significant benefit in preventing AIN. Potassium-sparing diuretics, such as amiloride and spironolactone, have been shown to have beneficial effects as an alternative or adjunct to oral/parenteral potassium supplements in preventing hypokalemia due to AmB. Lipid-based formulations of AmB are clinically effective and safe in preventing AIN. However, due to their high cost and limited accessibility, these formulations are generally used as second-line antifungal therapy in cases of conventional AmB refractoriness and/or intolerance or pre-existing renal dysfunction. The potential effects of other nephroprotective agents, such as N-acetylcysteine, AIN merit further considerations and investigations.
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138
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Josey BJ, Inks ES, Wen X, Chou CJ. Structure-activity relationship study of vitamin k derivatives yields highly potent neuroprotective agents. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1007-22. [PMID: 23327468 DOI: 10.1021/jm301485d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Historically known for its role in blood coagulation and bone formation, vitamin K (VK) has begun to emerge as an important nutrient for brain function. While VK involvement in the brain has not been fully explored, it is well-known that oxidative stress plays a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases. It was recently reported that VK protects neurons and oligodendrocytes from oxidative injury and rescues Drosophila from mitochondrial defects associated with Parkinson's disease. In this study, we take a chemical approach to define the optimal and minimum pharmacophore responsible for the neuroprotective effects of VK. In doing so, we have developed a series of potent VK analogues with favorable drug characteristics that provide full protection at nanomolar concentrations in a well-defined model of neuronal oxidative stress. Additionally, we have characterized key cellular responses and biomarkers consistent with the compounds' ability to rescue cells from oxidative stress induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Josey
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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139
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Wei L, Marasini N, Li G, Yong CS, Kim JO, Quan Q. Development of ligustrazine-loaded lipid emulsion: Formulation optimization, characterization and biodistribution. Int J Pharm 2012; 437:203-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Semis R, Kagan S, Berdicevsky I, Polacheck I, Segal E. Mechanism of activity and toxicity of Nystatin-Intralipid. Med Mycol 2012; 51:422-31. [PMID: 23088298 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2012.731712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel lipid formulation of Nystatin (NYT), Nystatin-Intralipid (NYT-IL), which was found to be more active and less toxic in vitro and in vivo, was developed in our laboratory. The aim of the present study was to explore the possible mechanisms underlying its biological activity. To assess mechanisms affecting fungal cells we conducted the following experiments: killing kinetics, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (EM), measurements of potassium ion leakage and susceptibility in the presence of ergosterol. To study mechanisms affecting mammalian cells, we evaluated the effect of NYT-IL on a kidney cell line, with respect to viability, metabolic activity, potassium leakage and internalization of FITC-labeled human transferrin. NYT-IL exhibited killing kinetics patterns against Candida albicans similar to those of NYT and caused disruption of fungal cells and potassium ion leakage. Susceptibility tests showed that NYT-IL had lower antifungal activity in the presence of ergosterol. Thus, NYT-IL acts apparently by damaging fungal membrane, possibly through interaction with ergosterol, and maybe by additional modes of action. NYT-IL did not cause potassium leakage from mammalian kidney cells at any tested concentration and was not cytotoxic, whereas NYT, at high concentrations, led to K(+) leakage and was cytotoxic. Furthermore, the high NYT concentration interfered in the internalization process of human transferrin receptor (hTfnR) while NYT-IL did not. In summary, the Intralipid formulation of NYT diminishes the mechanisms responsible for toxicity to mammalian cells but preserves mechanisms of action against fungi, thereby suggesting superiority of NYT-IL as compared to NYT as an antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Semis
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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Qhattal HSS, Wang S, Salihima T, Srivastava SK, Liu X. Nanoemulsions of cancer chemopreventive agent benzyl isothiocyanate display enhanced solubility, dissolution, and permeability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:12396-12404. [PMID: 22011260 DOI: 10.1021/jf202612b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a compound found in cruciferous vegetables, is an effective chemopreventive agent. The objective of this study was to develop nanoemulsion formulations for the oral delivery of BITC. Optimized oil-in-water BITC nanoemulsions were prepared by a spontaneous self-nanoemulsification method and a homogenization-sonication method. Both nanoemulsions entrapped high amounts of BITC (15-17 mg/mL), with low polydispersity and good colloidal stability. The BITC nanoemulsions showed enhanced solubility and dissolution compared to pure BITC. These formulations markedly increased the apical to basolateral transport of BITC in Caco-2 cell monolayers. The apparent permeability values were 3.6 × 10(-6) cm/s for pure BITC and (1.1-1.3) × 10(-5) cm/s for BITC nanoemulsions. The nanoemulsions were easily taken up by human cancer cells A549 and SKOV-3 and inhibited tumor growth in vitro. This work shows for the first time that BITC can be formulated into nanoemulsions and may show promise in enhancing absorption and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussaini Syed Sha Qhattal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
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Fei X, Xu W, Yue Y, Lee MK. Preparation and Characterization of Tributyrin Sub-micron Emulsion as Carrier for Paclitaxel. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2011. [DOI: 10.4333/kps.2011.41.5.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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143
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Severino P, Pinho SC, Souto EB, Santana MH. Polymorphism, crystallinity and hydrophilic–lipophilic balance of stearic acid and stearic acid–capric/caprylic triglyceride matrices for production of stable nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 86:125-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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