101
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Properties and Immune Function of Cardiac Fibroblasts. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1003:35-70. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57613-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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102
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Cardiac Fibrosis: The Beneficial Effects of Exercise in Cardiac Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 999:257-268. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4307-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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103
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Santini MP, Forte E, Harvey RP, Kovacic JC. Developmental origin and lineage plasticity of endogenous cardiac stem cells. Development 2016; 143:1242-58. [PMID: 27095490 DOI: 10.1242/dev.111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, several populations of cardiac stem cells have been described in the adult mammalian heart. For the most part, however, their lineage origins and in vivo functions remain largely unexplored. This Review summarizes what is known about different populations of embryonic and adult cardiac stem cells, including KIT(+), PDGFRα(+), ISL1(+)and SCA1(+)cells, side population cells, cardiospheres and epicardial cells. We discuss their developmental origins and defining characteristics, and consider their possible contribution to heart organogenesis and regeneration. We also summarize the origin and plasticity of cardiac fibroblasts and circulating endothelial progenitor cells, and consider what role these cells have in contributing to cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Santini
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Elvira Forte
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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104
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Mummidi S, Das NA, Carpenter AJ, Kandikattu H, Krenz M, Siebenlist U, Valente AJ, Chandrasekar B. Metformin inhibits aldosterone-induced cardiac fibroblast activation, migration and proliferation in vitro, and reverses aldosterone+salt-induced cardiac fibrosis in vivo. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 98:95-102. [PMID: 27423273 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The overall goals of this study were to investigate whether metformin exerts anti-fibrotic effects in aldosterone (Aldo)+salt-treated wild type mouse hearts, and determine the underlying molecular mechanisms in isolated adult cardiac fibroblasts (CF). In vitro, Aldo induced CF activation, migration, and proliferation, and these effects were inhibited by metformin. Further, Aldo induced PPM1A (Protein Phosphatase Magnesium Dependent 1A) activation and inhibited AMPK phosphorylation. At a pharmacologically relevant concentration, metformin restored AMPK activation, and inhibited Aldo-induced Nox4/H2O2-dependent TRAF3IP2 induction, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and CF migration and proliferation. Further, metformin potentiated the inhibitory effects of spironolactone, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, on Aldo-induced collagen expression, and CF migration and proliferation. These results were recapitulated in vivo, where metformin reversed Aldo+salt-induced oxidative stress, suppression of AMPK activation, TRAF3IP2 induction, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and cardiac fibrosis, without significantly modulating systolic blood pressure. These in vitro and in vivo data indicate that metformin has the potential to reduce adverse cardiac remodeling in hypertensive heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Mummidi
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Nitin A Das
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Andrea J Carpenter
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Maike Krenz
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | - Anthony J Valente
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Medicine/Cardiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
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105
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Furtado MB, Costa MW, Rosenthal NA. The cardiac fibroblast: Origin, identity and role in homeostasis and disease. Differentiation 2016; 92:93-101. [PMID: 27421610 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian heart is responsible for supplying blood to two separate circulation circuits in a parallel manner. This design provides efficient oxygenation and nutrients to the whole body through the left-sided pump, while the right-sided pump delivers blood to the pulmonary circulation for re-oxygenation. In order to achieve this demanding job, the mammalian heart evolved into a highly specialised organ comprised of working contractile cells or cardiomyocytes, a directional and insulated conduction system, capable of independently generating and conducting electric impulses that synchronises chamber contraction, valves that allow the generation of high pressure and directional blood flow into the circulation, coronary circulation, that supplies oxygenated blood for the heart muscle high metabolically active pumping role and inlet/outlet routes, as the venae cavae and pulmonary veins, aorta and pulmonary trunk. This organization highlights the complexity and compartmentalization of the heart. This review will focus on the cardiac fibroblast, a cell type until recently ignored, but that profoundly influences heart function in its various compartments. We will discuss current advances on definitions, molecular markers and function of cardiac fibroblasts in heart homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena B Furtado
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mauro W Costa
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
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106
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
In February 2016, The Company of Biologists hosted an intimate gathering of leading international researchers at the forefront of experimental cardiovascular regeneration, with its emphasis on ‘Transdifferentiation and Tissue Plasticity in Cardiovascular Rejuvenation’. As I review here, participants at the workshop revealed how understanding cardiac growth and lineage decisions at their most fundamental level has transformed the strategies in hand that presently energize the prospects for human heart repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Schneider
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W14 8DZ, UK
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107
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Lincoln J. The cardiac matrix revolution: Post-translational modification of Scleraxis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 93:106-7. [PMID: 26964702 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joy Lincoln
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research and The Heart Center at Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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