101
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Majeed M, Natarajan S, Pandey A, Bani S, Mundkur L. Subchronic and Reproductive/Developmental Toxicity Studies of Tetrahydrocurcumin in Rats. Toxicol Res 2018; 35:65-74. [PMID: 30766658 PMCID: PMC6354947 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2019.35.1.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is a major metabolite of curcumin, which is obtained from Curcuma longa. THC has various benefits and overcomes the bioavailability issue of curcumin. To establish it as a pharmacologically active molecule, its safety profile has to be determined. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the preclinical safety profile of THC in a 90-day subchronic and reproductive/developmental toxicity study in Wistar rats. THC at oral doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg was administered daily for 90 days. Rats in the recovery group were kept for 14 days after treatment termination. The animals were observed for treatment-related morbidity, mortality, and changes in clinical signs, clinical pathology, and histopathology. In the reproductive/developmental toxicity study, THC at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg was administered orally to rats and the reproductive/developmental parameters in adult male and female rats and pups were observed. THC at up to 400 mg/kg/day of did not have any significant effect on all parameters in male and female rats in both toxicity studies. Thus, 400 mg/kg/day can be considered as the no-observed-adverse-effect-level of THC in rats.
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102
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Keihanian F, Saeidinia A, Bagheri RK, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Curcumin, hemostasis, thrombosis, and coagulation. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4497-4511. [PMID: 29052850 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease is a major cause of mortality throughout the world. Platelet activation and aggregation play a central role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Herbal medicines have been traditionally used in the management of cardiovascular disease and can help in modifying its progression, particularly in hemostasis and the coagulation process, as well as altering platelet function tests and some coagulation parameters. Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from the Curcuma longa plant and has been used extensively in complementary and alternative medicine, as it is nontoxic and safe with various therapeutic properties. Modern scientific research has demonstrated its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, antithrombotic, and cardiovascular protective effects. The present study reviewed previous studies in the literature, which support the positive activity of curcumin in hemostasis, anticoagulation, and fibrinolysis. We also presented molecular mechanisms associated with the antiplatelet and anticoagulant activities of curcumin and potential implications for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeze Keihanian
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Booali Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Saeidinia
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Khameneh Bagheri
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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103
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Prasad S, Tyagi AK, Siddik ZH, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin-Free Turmeric Exhibits Activity against Human HCT-116 Colon Tumor Xenograft: Comparison with Curcumin and Whole Turmeric. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:871. [PMID: 29311914 PMCID: PMC5732987 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive research within last two decades has indicated that curcumin extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa), exhibits anticancer potential, in part through the modulation of inflammatory pathways. However, the residual antitumor activity of curcumin-free turmeric (CFT) relative to curcumin or turmeric is not well-understood. In the present study, therefore, we determined activities of these agents in both in vitro and in vivo models of human HCT-116 colorectal cancer (CRC). When examined in an in vitro antiproliferative, clonogenic or anti-inflammatory assay system, we found that curcumin was highly active whereas turmeric and CFT had relatively poor activity against CRC cells. However, when examined in vivo at an oral dose of either 100 or 500 mg/kg given to nude mice bearing CRC xenografts, all three preparations of curcumin, turmeric, and CFT similarly suppressed the growth of the xenograft. The effect of CFT on suppression of tumor growth was dose-dependent, with 500 mg/kg tending to be more effective than 100 mg/kg. Interestingly, 100 mg/kg curcumin or turmeric was found to be more effective than 500 mg/kg. When examined in vivo for the expression of biomarkers associated with cell survival (cIAP-1, Bcl-2, and survivin), proliferation (Ki-67 and cyclin D1) and metastasis (ICAM-1 and VEGF), all were down-modulated. These agents also suppressed inflammatory transcription factors (NF-κB and STAT3) in tumor cells. Overall, our results with CFT provide evidence that turmeric must contain additional bioactive compounds other than curcumin that, in contrast to curcumin, exhibit greater anticancer potential in vivo than in vitro against human CRC. Moreover, our study highlights the fact that the beneficial effects of turmeric and curcumin in humans may be more effectively realized at lower doses, whereas CFT could be given at higher doses without loss in favorable activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahdeo Prasad
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, United States
| | - Amit K Tyagi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, United States
| | - Zahid H Siddik
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, United States
| | - Bharat B Aggarwal
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, United States
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104
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Hexahydrocurcumin protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, attenuates inflammation, and improves antioxidant defenses in a rat stroke model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189211. [PMID: 29220411 PMCID: PMC5722321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present experiment was to investigate whether hexahydrocurcumin (HHC) attenuates brain damage and improves functional outcome via the activation of antioxidative activities, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In this study, rats with cerebral I/R injury were induced by a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h, followed by reperfusion. The male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, including the sham-operated, vehicle-treated, 10 mg/kg HHC-treated, 20 mg/kg HHC-treated, and 40 mg/kg HHC-treated I/R groups. The animals were immediately injected with HHC by an intraperitoneal administration at the onset of cerebral reperfusion. After 24 h of reperfusion, the rats were tested for neurological deficits, and the pathology of the brain was studied by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. In addition, the brain tissues were prepared for protein extraction for Western blot analysis, a malondialdehyde (MDA) assay, a nitric oxide (NO) assay, a superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay, a glutathione (GSH) assay, and a glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) assay. The data revealed that the neurological deficit scores and the infarct volume were significantly reduced in the HHC-treated rats at all doses compared to the vehicle group. Treatment with HHC significantly attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation, with a decreased level of MDA and NO and a decreased expression of NF-κB (p65) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the I/R rats. HHC also evidently increased Nrf2 (nucleus) protein expression, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression, the antioxidative enzymes, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Moreover, the HHC treatment also significantly decreased apoptosis, with a decrease in Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and an increase in Bcl-XL, which was in accordance with a decrease in the apoptotic neuronal cells. Therefore, the HHC treatment protects the brain from cerebral I/R injury by diminishing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. The antioxidant properties of HHC may play an important role in improving functional outcomes and may offer significant neuroprotection against I/R damage.
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105
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Son HE, Kim EJ, Jang WG. Curcumin induces osteoblast differentiation through mild-endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated such as BMP2 on osteoblast cells. Life Sci 2017; 193:34-39. [PMID: 29223538 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Curcumin (diferuloylmethane or [1E,6E]-1,7-bis[4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl]-1,6heptadiene-3,5-dione) is a phenolic natural product derived from the rhizomes of the turmeric plant, Curcuma longa. It is reported to have various biological actions such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. However, the molecular mechanism of osteoblast differentiation by curcumin has not yet been reported. MAIN METHODS The cytotoxicity of curcumin was identified using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Expression of osteogenic markers and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers in C3H1-T1/2 cells were measured using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining was performed to assess ALP activity in C3H10T1/2 cells. Transcriptional activity was detected using a luciferase reporter assay. KEY FINDINGS Curcumin increased the expression of genes such as distal-less homeobox 5 (Dlx5), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), ALP, and osteocalcin (OC), which subsequently induced osteoblast differentiation in C3H10T1/2 cells. In addition, ALP activity and mineralization was found to be increased by curcumin treatment. Curcumin also induced mild ER stress similar to bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) function in osteoblast cells. Next, we confirmed that curcumin increased mild ER stress and osteoblast differentiation similar to BMP2 in C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells. Transient transfection studies also showed that curcumin increased ATF6-Luc activity, while decreasing the activities of CREBH-Luc and SMILE-Luc. In addition, similar to BMP2, curcumin induced the phosphorylation of Smad 1/5/9. SIGNIFICANCE Overall, these results demonstrate that curcumin-induced mild ER stress increases osteoblast differentiation via ATF6 expression in C3H10T1/2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Eun Son
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Department of Immunology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Gu Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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106
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Wu CL, Huang LY, Chang CL. Linking arsenite- and cadmium-generated oxidative stress to microsatellite instability in vitro and in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:12-23. [PMID: 28690196 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mismatch repair (MMR) corrects replicative errors and minimizes DNA damage that occurs frequently in microsatellites. MMR deficiency is manifested as microsatellite instability (MSI), which contributes to hypermutability and cancer pathogenesis. Genomic instability, including MSI and chromosomal instability, appears to be responsible for the carcinogenesis of arsenic and cadmium, common contaminants in our environment. However, few studies have addressed arsenic- or cadmium-induced MSI, especially its potential link with arsenic- or cadmium-generated oxidative stress, due to the lack of quantifiable MSI assays and cost-effective animal models. Here, using a dual-fluorescent reporter, we demonstrate that sub-lethal doses of cadmium or arsenite, but not arsenate, increased the MSI frequency in human colorectal cancer cells. Arsenite- and cadmium-induced MSI occurred concomitantly with increased levels of reactive species and oxidative DNA damage, and with decreased levels of MMR proteins. However, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) suppressed arsenite- and cadmium-induced MSI and oxidative stress while restoring the levels of MMR proteins in the cells. Similarly, MSI was induced separately by arsenite and cadmium, and suppressed by NAC, in zebrafish in a fluorescinated PCR-based assay with newly-developed microsatellite markers and inter-segmental comparisons. Of five selected antioxidants examined, differential effects were exerted on the MSI induction and cytotoxicity of both arsenite and cadmium. Compared to MMR-proficient cells, MMR-deficient cells were more resistant to arsenic-mediated and cadmium-mediated cytotoxicity. Our findings demonstrate a novel linkage between arsenite-generated and cadmium-generated oxidative stress and MSI induction. Our findings also caution that antioxidants must be individually validated before being used for preventing arsenite- and cadmium-induced MSI that is associated with cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Lin Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Yan Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Christina L Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC.
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107
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Disposition, Metabolism and Histone Deacetylase and Acetyltransferase Inhibition Activity of Tetrahydrocurcumin and Other Curcuminoids. Pharmaceutics 2017; 9:pharmaceutics9040045. [PMID: 29023392 PMCID: PMC5750651 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics9040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), curcumin and calebin-A are curcuminoids found in turmeric (Curcuma longa). Curcuminoids have been established to have a variety of pharmacological activities and are used as natural health supplements. The purpose of this study was to identify the metabolism, excretion, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties of these curcuminoids and to determine disposition of THC in rats after oral administration. We developed a UHPLC-MS/MS assay for THC in rat serum and urine. THC shows multiple redistribution phases with corresponding increases in urinary excretion rate. In-vitro antioxidant activity, histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity and anti-inflammatory inhibitory activity were examined using commercial assay kits. Anticancer activity was determined in Sup-T1 lymphoma cells. Our results indicate THC was poorly absorbed after oral administration and primarily excreted via non-renal routes. All curcuminoids exhibited multiple pharmacological effects in vitro, including potent antioxidant activity as well as inhibition of CYP2C9, CYP3A4 and lipoxygenase activity without affecting the release of TNF-α. Unlike curcumin and calebin-A, THC did not inhibit HDAC1 and PCAF and displayed a weaker growth inhibition activity against Sup-T1 cells. We show evidence for the first time that curcumin and calebin-A inhibit HAT and PCAF, possibly through a Michael-addition mechanism.
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108
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Fernandes MG, Cervi CB, Aparecida de Carvalho R, Lapa-Guimarães J. Evaluation of Turmeric Extract as an Antioxidant for Frozen Streaked Prochilod (Prochilodus lineatus) Fillets. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2017.1376025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Garcia Fernandes
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Bitencourt Cervi
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Judite Lapa-Guimarães
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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109
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Shehzad A, Qureshi M, Anwar MN, Lee YS. Multifunctional Curcumin Mediate Multitherapeutic Effects. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2006-2015. [PMID: 28771714 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation can promote the development of arthritis, obesity, cardiovascular, type II diabetes, pancreatitis, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, and certain types of cancer. Compounds isolated from plants have been practiced since ancient times for curing various ailments including inflammatory disorders and to support normal physiological functions. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a yellow coloring agent, extracted from turmeric that has been used for the prevention and treatment of various inflammatory diseases. Numerous studies have shown that curcumin modulate multiple molecular targets and can be translated to the clinics for multiple therapeutic processes. There is compelling evidence that curcumin can block cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis as well as reduced the prolonged survival of cancer cells. Curcumin mediates anti-inflammatory effect through downregulation of inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors, protein kinases, and enzymes that promote inflammation and development of chronic diseases. In addition, curcumin induces apoptosis through mitochondrial and receptor-mediated pathways by activating caspase cascades. Curcumin is a safe and nontoxic drug that has been reported to be well tolerated. Available clinical trials support the potential role of curcumin for treatment of various inflammatory disorders. However, curcumin's efficacy is hindered by poor absorption and low bioavailability, which limit its translation into clinics. This review outlines the potential pharmacological and clinical role of curcumin, which provide a gateway for the beneficial role of plant isolated compounds in treatment of various inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb Shehzad
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), Natl. Univ. of Sciences and Technology, (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Munibah Qureshi
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), Natl. Univ. of Sciences and Technology, (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nabeel Anwar
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), Natl. Univ. of Sciences and Technology, (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Young Sup Lee
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook Natl. Univ., Daegu, Korea
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110
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Effect of cross-linking in surface properties and antioxidant activity of gelatin films incorporated with a curcumin derivative. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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111
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Anti-angiogenic effect of hexahydrocurcumin in rat corneal neovascularization. Int Ophthalmol 2017; 38:747-756. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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112
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Abstract
Hydrogenation of curcumin (1), a chemopreventive agent from Turmeric ( Curcuma longa L.) yielded three major compounds: 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane-3,5-dione (2), 5-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptan-3-one (3), and 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane-3,5-diol (4). Incubation of compound (2) with Beauveria bassiana ATCC 7159 afforded the hexahydrocurcumin (3) as the sole metabolite while biotransformation of curcumin (1) with B. bassiana gave metabolites 2-4 along with the curcumin-4'-O-4″'-O-methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (5) and octahydrocurcumin-4'-O-4″'-O-methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (6). The bioconversion of curcumin (1) with Rhizopus oryzae ATCC 11145 yielded analogs 2-4 while no transformation of curcumin (1) was observed with Aspergillus niger ATCC 16888. The preparation, structural elucidation and biological activities of these metabolites are reported herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenroy D. A. Martin
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, 1000 17th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37208, United States
| | - Cameron McKenzie
- Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics Department, The University of Tampa, 401 West Kennedy Blvd., Tampa, FL 33606, United States
| | - Monica Moore
- Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics Department, The University of Tampa, 401 West Kennedy Blvd., Tampa, FL 33606, United States
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113
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Ahmad N, Ahmad R, Naqvi AA, Alam MA, Ashafaq M, Iqbal Z, Ahmad FJ. Isolation, characterization, and quantification of curcuminoids and their comparative effects in cerebral ischemia. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1293549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Dammam University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Dammam University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Atta Abbas Naqvi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Mohammad Ashafaq
- Neuroscience and Toxicology Unit, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Farhan Jalees Ahmad
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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114
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Alginate-Based Composite Sponges as Gastroretentive Carriers for Curcumin-Loaded Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems. Sci Pharm 2017; 85:scipharm85010011. [PMID: 28294964 PMCID: PMC5388148 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm85010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate-based composite sponges were developed as carriers to prolong the gastric retention time and controlled release of curcumin-loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (Cur-SMEDDS). Liquid Cur-SMEDDS was incorporated into a solution made up of a mixture of polymers and converted into a solid form by freeze-drying. The ratio of alginate as the main polymer, adsorbent (colloidal silicon dioxide), and additional polymers—sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)—was varied systematically to adjust the drug loading and entrapment efficiency, sponge buoyancy, and the release profile of Cur-SMEDDS. The optimum composite sponge was fabricated from a 4% alginate and 2% HPMC mixed solution. It immediately floated on simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) and remained buoyant over an 8 h period. The formulation exhibited an emulsion droplet size of approximately 30 nm and provided sustained release of Cur-SMEDDS in SGF, reaching 71% within 8 h compared with only 10% release from curcumin powder. This study demonstrates the potential of alginate-based composite sponges combined with self-microemulsifying formulations for gastroretention applications involving poorly soluble compounds.
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115
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Rezaee R, Momtazi AA, Monemi A, Sahebkar A. Curcumin: A potentially powerful tool to reverse cisplatin-induced toxicity. Pharmacol Res 2017; 117:218-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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116
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Anticancer Curcumin: Natural Analogues and Structure-Activity Relationship. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63929-5.00010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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117
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Wiggers H, Zaioncz S, Cheleski J, Mainardes R, Khalil N. Curcumin, a Multitarget Phytochemical. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63930-1.00007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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118
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Synthesis of novel curcuminoids accommodating a central β-enaminone motif and their impact on cell growth and oxidative stress. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:727-736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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119
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Theppawong A, De Vreese R, Vannecke L, Grootaert C, Van Camp J, D'hooghe M. Synthesis and biological assessment of novel N-(hydroxy/methoxy)alkyl β-enaminone curcuminoids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5650-5656. [PMID: 27843113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural compound extracted from the rhizomes of Curcuma Longa, is known to display pronounced anticancer activity but lacks good pharmacokinetic properties. In that respect, augmenting the water solubility by structural modification of the curcumin scaffold may result in improved bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. A possible scaffold modification, especially important for this study, concerns the imination of the labile β-diketone moiety in curcumin. Previous work revealed that novel N-alkyl β-enaminones showed a similar water solubility as compared to curcumin, accompanied by a stronger anti-proliferative activity. To extend this β-enaminone compound library, new analogues were prepared in this work using more polar amines (hydroxyalkylamines and methoxyalkylamines instead of alkylamines) with the main purpose to improve the water solubility without compromising the biological activity of the resulting curcuminoids. Compared to their respective parent compounds, i.e. curcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, the bisdemethoxycurcumin N-(hydroxy/methoxy)alkyl enaminone analogues showed better water solubility, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. In addition, the curcumin enaminones displayed activities comparable to or better than curcumin, and the water solubility was improved significantly. The constructed new analogues may thus be of interest for further exploration concerning their impact on oxidative stress related diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiruj Theppawong
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rob De Vreese
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lore Vannecke
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Matthias D'hooghe
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Ferrari E, Benassi R, Saladini M, Orteca G, Gazova Z, Siposova K. In vitro study on potential pharmacological activity of curcumin analogues and their copper complexes. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 89:411-419. [PMID: 27569739 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin and its derivatives have attracted great interest in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease, thanks both to the ability to hinder the formation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregates and the ability to bind Cu (II) ion. In this article, we explore the ability of curcumin derivatives of K2T series to affect amyloid Aβ1-40 aggregation. These derivatives were obtained by introducing the t-butyl ester group through a methylenic spacer on the central carbon atom of the β-diketo moiety of curcumin frame. The studied curcuminoids were demonstrated to inhibit Aβ1-40 fibrillization at substoichiometric concentrations with IC50 value near that of curcumin. In addition, the antioxidant properties and DNA interaction of their Cu(II) complexes is evaluated. The structure of Cu(II)-K2T31 complex is also proposed on the basis of DFT calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ferrari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Rois Benassi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Saladini
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Orteca
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Zuzana Gazova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Siposova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
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Curcumin, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitophagy: Exploring recent data and indicating future needs. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:813-826. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Morales NP, Sirijaroonwong S, Yamanont P, Phisalaphong C. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study of the Free Radical Scavenging Capacity of Curcumin and Its Demethoxy and Hydrogenated Derivatives. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 38:1478-83. [PMID: 26424013 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The quantitative free radical scavenging capacity of curcumin and its demethoxy derivatives (demethoxycurcumin (Dmc) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (Bdmc)) and hydrogenated derivatives (tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), hexahydrocurcumin (HHC) and octahydrocurcumin (OHC)) towards 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide radical (NO), hydroxyl radical (HO(·)) and superoxide anion radical (O2(·)) were investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. One mole of the hydrogenated derivatives scavenged about 4 mol of the DPPH radical, while curcumin and Dmc scavenged about 3 mol of the DPPH radical. Curcumin and THC showed moderate scavenging activity towards NO, yielding 200 mmol of NO scavenged per 1 mol of the scavenger. In contrast, curcumin and its derivatives showed very low scavenging activity towards HO(·) and O2(·), yielding approximately only 3-12 mmol scavenged per 1 mol of the tested compounds. Our results suggest that curcumin and its derivatives principally act as chain breaking antioxidants rather than as direct free radical scavengers. Furthermore, we showed that the ortho-methoxyphenolic group and the heptadione linkage of these molecules greatly contributed to their DPPH and NO scavenging activity.
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Nguyen TTH, Si J, Kang C, Chung B, Chung D, Kim D. Facile preparation of water soluble curcuminoids extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) powder by using steviol glucosides. Food Chem 2016; 214:366-373. [PMID: 27507487 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Curcuminoids from rhizomes of Curcuma longa possess various biological activities. However, low aqueous solubility and consequent poor bioavailability of curcuminoids are major limitations to their use. In this study, curcuminoids extracted from turmeric powder using stevioside (Ste), rebaudioside A (RebA), or steviol glucosides (SG) were solubilized in water. The optimum extraction condition by Ste, RebA, or SG resulted in 11.3, 9.7, or 6.7mg/ml water soluble curcuminoids. Curcuminoids solubilized in water showed 80% stability at pH from 6.0 to 10.0 after 1week of storage at 25°C. The particle sizes of curcuminoids prepared with Ste, RebA, and SG were 110.8, 95.7, and 32.7nm, respectively. The water soluble turmeric extracts prepared with Ste, RebA, and SG showed the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (SC50) activities of 127.6, 105.4, and 109.8μg/ml, and the inhibition activities (IC50) against NS2B-NS3(pro) from dengue virus type IV of 14.1, 24.0 and 15.3μg/ml, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thanh Hanh Nguyen
- The Institute of Food Industrialization, Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Jinbeom Si
- The Institute of Food Industrialization, Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Choongil Kang
- OTTOGI Corporation, Anyang, Kyunggi 06177, South Korea.
| | | | - Donghwa Chung
- The Institute of Food Industrialization, Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea; Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Doman Kim
- The Institute of Food Industrialization, Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea; Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
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Songtipya L, Thies MC, Sane A. Effect of rapid expansion of subcritical solutions processing conditions on loading capacity of tetrahydrocurcumin encapsulated in poly( l -lactide) particles. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kukongviriyapan U, Apaijit K, Kukongviriyapan V. Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Dysfunction Associated with Cadmium Exposure: Beneficial Effects of Curcumin and Tetrahydrocurcumin. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2016; 239:25-38. [PMID: 27151191 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.239.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal with high toxicity potential. Humans are exposed to Cd present in diet, polluted air, and cigarette smoke. Cd exposure has been associated with increased risk of chronic diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and nephropathy, all of which could be attributable to dysfunctional endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Cd toxicity is correlated with increased reactive oxygen formation and depletion of antioxidants, resulting in an oxidative stress. Chelation of Cd has proved useful in the removal of the Cd burden. However, several chelating agents cause side effects in clinical usage. Recent studies have shown that the antioxidant compounds curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin can alleviate vascular dysfunction and high blood pressure caused by Cd toxicity. In chronic Cd exposure, these antioxidants protect vascular endothelium by increasing nitric oxide (NO•) bioavailability and improving vascular function. Antioxidant activity against Cd intoxication results directly and/or indirectly through free radical scavenging, metal chelation, enhanced expression of the antioxidant defense system, regulation of inflammatory enzymes, increase in NO• bioavailability, and reduction of gastrointestinal absorption and tissue Cd accumulation. This review summarizes current knowledge of Cd-induced oxidative stress and cardiovascular dysfunction and a possible protective effect conferred by the antioxidants curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin.
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Stressed Kinetics and Pharmacokinetics of Curcumin Nanoemulsion Using Validated Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Synapt Mass Spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS–ESI-Q-TOF). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-016-0016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ravikumar S, Hsieh C, Rajashekharaiah V. Prospects of curcumin as an additive in storage solutions: a study on erythrocytes. Turk J Med Sci 2016; 46:825-33. [PMID: 27513263 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1501-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Curcumin, a naturally occurring antioxidant, shows a wide variety of medicinal properties. The possibility of utilizing curcumin as an additive in storage solutions of blood has not been explored. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of curcumin on erythrocytes during storage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood obtained from rats was stored (4 °C) for 20 days in citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine-1 solution. Samples were divided into four groups: 1) Controls; 2) Curcumin 10 mM; 3) Curcumin 30 mM; and 4) Curcumin 60 mM. Every fifth day, hemoglobin, superoxide, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)), lipid peroxidation (conjugate dienes and malondialdehyde (MDA)), protein oxidation (advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and sulfhydryls (P-SH)), and hemolysis were analyzed. RESULTS Hemoglobin was successfully maintained, while superoxide dismutase increased initially and decreased towards the end of storage. Superoxide, catalase, GSH-Px, conjugate dienes, and AOPP were lower in the curcumin groups than they were in the controls. MDA was higher in the curcumin groups than in the controls. P-SH increased in the curcumin groups, while hemolysis increased in all groups. CONCLUSION Curcumin maintained hemoglobin and modulated antioxidant enzymes throughout storage. However, curcumin could not protect all proteins and lipids from oxidative damage completely. This study opens up new avenues for using curcumin, in combination with other antioxidants, as a component in storage solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Ravikumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Jayanagar, Bangalore, India
| | - Carl Hsieh
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Jayanagar, Bangalore, India
| | - Vani Rajashekharaiah
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Jayanagar, Bangalore, India
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Park S, Lee LR, Seo JH, Kang S. Curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin both prevent osteoarthritis symptoms and decrease the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in estrogen-deficient rats. GENES AND NUTRITION 2016; 11:2. [PMID: 27482294 PMCID: PMC4959551 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Menopausal symptoms are associated with inflammation. Curcumin is a well-known anti-inflammatory bioactive compound from turmeric whereas tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is a major metabolite of curcumin that may have different efficacies. However, they have not been studied for anti-menopausal symptoms and anti-osteoarthritis effects. We compared the efficacies of curcumin and THC for preventing postmenopausal and osteoarthritis symptoms in ovariectomized (OVX) obese rats with monoiodoacetate (MIA) injections into the right knee to generate a similar pathology as osteoarthritis. Methods OVX rats were provided a 45 % fat diet containing either (1) 0.4 % curcumin (curcumin), (2) 0.4 % THC, (3) 30 μg/kg body weight 17β-estradiol + 0.4 % dextrin (positive control), (4) 0.4 % dextrin (placebo; control), or (5) 0.4 % dextrin with no MIA injection (normal control) for 4 weeks. At the beginning of the fifth week, OVX rats were given articular injections of MIA or normal-control saline into the right knee and the assigned diets were provided for an additional 3 weeks. Results Curcumin and THC had similar efficacies for skin tail temperature in OVX rats whereas THC, but not curcumin, prevented glucose intolerance, which might be involved in exacerbating osteoarthritis. Both protected against osteoarthritis symptoms and pain-related behaviors better than 17β-estradiol treatment in estrogen-deficient rats. Curcumin and THC prevented the deterioration of articular cartilage compared to control. They also maintained lean body mass and lowered fat mass as much as 17β-estradiol treatment. The improvement in osteoarthritis symptoms was associated with decreased gene expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)3 and MMP13 and tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)1β, and IL6 in the articular cartilage. Conclusions THC and curcumin are effective for treating postmenopausal and osteoarthritis symptoms in OVX rats with MIA-induced osteoarthritis-like symptoms and may have potential as interventions for menopausal and osteoarthritic symptoms in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan-Si, ChungNam-Do 336-795 South Korea
| | - La Ra Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan-Si, ChungNam-Do 336-795 South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan-Si, ChungNam-Do 336-795 South Korea
| | - Suna Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan-Si, ChungNam-Do 336-795 South Korea
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Mendonça LM, Machado CDS, Teixeira CCC, Freitas LAPD, Bianchi MLP, Antunes LMG. Comparative study of curcumin and curcumin formulated in a solid dispersion: Evaluation of their antigenotoxic effects. Genet Mol Biol 2015; 38:490-8. [PMID: 26537603 PMCID: PMC4763312 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-475738420150046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CMN) is the principal active component derived from the rhizome of
Curcuma longa (Curcuma longa L.). It is a
liposoluble polyphenolic compound that possesses great therapeutic potential. Its
clinical application is, however, limited by the low concentrations detected
following oral administration. One key strategy for improving the solubility and
bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs is solid dispersion, though it is not
known whether this technique might influence the pharmacological effects of CMN.
Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antigenotoxic effects
of CMN formulated in a solid dispersion (CMN SD) compared to unmodified CMN delivered
to Wistar rats. Cisplatin (cDDP) was used as the damage-inducing agent in these
evaluations. The comet assay results showed that CMN SD was not able to reduce the
formation of cDDP-DNA crosslinks, but it decreased the formation of micronuclei
induced by cDDP and attenuated cDDP-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, at a dose
of 50 mg/kg b.w. both CMN SD and unmodified CMN increased the expression of
Tp53 mRNA. Our results showed that CMN SD did not alter the
antigenotoxic effects observed for unmodified CMN and showed effects similar to those
of unmodified CMN for all of the parameters evaluated. In conclusion, CMN SD
maintained the protective effects of unmodified CMN with the advantage of being
chemically water soluble, with maximization of absorption in the gastrointestinal
tract. Thus, the optimization of the physical and chemical properties of CMN SD may
increase the potential for the therapeutic use of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Meneghin Mendonça
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla da Silva Machado
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cardoso Correia Teixeira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Alexandre Pedro de Freitas
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Lourdes Pires Bianchi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Petchsomrit A, Sermkaew N, Wiwattanapatapee R. Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose-based sponges loaded self-microemulsifying curcumin: Preparation, characterization, andin vivooral absorption studies. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arpa Petchsomrit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Prince of Songkla University; Songkhla 90112 Thailand
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Prince of Songkla University; Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Namfa Sermkaew
- Drug and Cosmetic Research and Development Unit; School of Pharmacy; Walailak University; Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161 Thailand
| | - Ruedeekorn Wiwattanapatapee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Prince of Songkla University; Songkhla 90112 Thailand
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Prince of Songkla University; Songkhla 90112 Thailand
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Mahmood K, Zia KM, Zuber M, Salman M, Anjum MN. Recent developments in curcumin and curcumin based polymeric materials for biomedical applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:877-90. [PMID: 26391597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a popular Indian spice that has been used for centuries in herbal medicines for the treatment of a variety of ailments such as rheumatism, diabetic ulcers, anorexia, cough and sinusitis. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is the main curcuminoid present in turmeric and responsible for its yellow color. Curcumin has been shown to possess significant anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-mutagenic, anticoagulant and anti-infective effects. This review summarizes and discusses recently published papers on the key biomedical applications of curcumin based materials. The highlighted studies in the review provide evidence of the ability of curcumin to show the significant vitro antioxidant, diabetic complication, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, anti-cancer activities and detection of hypochlorous acid, wound healing, treatment of major depression, healing of paracentesis, and treatment of carcinoma and optical detection of pyrrole properties. Hydrophobic nature of this polyphenolic compound along with its rapid metabolism, physicochemical and biological instability contribute to its poor bioavailability. To redress these problems several approaches have been proposed like encapsulation of curcumin in liposomes and polymeric micelles, inclusion complex formation with cyclodextrin, formation of polymer-curcumin conjugates, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Mahmood
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Mohammad Zuber
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Salman
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Moohammadaree A, Changtam C, Wicha P, Suksamrarn A, Tocharus J, Tocharus C. Mechanisms of Vasorelaxation Induced by Hexahydrocurcuminin Isolated Rat Thoracic Aorta. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1806-13. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Moohammadaree
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Chatchawan Changtam
- Faculty of Science and Technology; Huachiew Chalermprakiet University; Samutprakarn 10540 Thailand
| | - Piyawadee Wicha
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ramkhamhaeng University; Bangkok 10240 Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Tocharus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Chainarong Tocharus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
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Sottero B, Gargiulo S, Russo I, Barale C, Poli G, Cavalot F. Postprandial Dysmetabolism and Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:968-1031. [PMID: 25943420 DOI: 10.1002/med.21349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Postprandial dysmetabolism in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is known to impact the progression and evolution of this complex disease process. However, the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms still require full elucidation to provide guidance for disease prevention and treatment. This review focuses on the marked redox changes and inflammatory stimuli provoked by the spike in blood glucose and lipids in T2D individuals after meals. All the causes of exacerbated postprandial oxidative stress in T2D were analyzed, also considering the consequence of enhanced inflammation on vascular damage. Based on this in-depth analysis, current strategies of prevention and pharmacologic management of T2D were critically reexamined with particular emphasis on their potential redox-related rationale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sottero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Simona Gargiulo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Isabella Russo
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Cristina Barale
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Franco Cavalot
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
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Kim W, Kim HY, Woo J, Rhim HJ, Kang BR, Lee YD, Kim S, Kim JY, Choi EJ, Kim KS, Kim DJ, Kim Y. Real-Time Imaging Reveals Glioblastoma Suppression Effects of Curcumin in Mouse Brains. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woong Kim
- Centers for Neuro-Medicine, Neuroscience and Theragnosis; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
- Biological Chemistry Program; Korea University of Science and Technology (UST); Daejeon 305-350 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yun Kim
- Centers for Neuro-Medicine, Neuroscience and Theragnosis; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul 110-799 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwan Woo
- Centers for Neuro-Medicine, Neuroscience and Theragnosis; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 136-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hoo Jung Rhim
- Centers for Neuro-Medicine, Neuroscience and Theragnosis; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
- Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine; Gangwon-do 220-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Kang
- Centers for Neuro-Medicine, Neuroscience and Theragnosis; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
- Biological Chemistry Program; Korea University of Science and Technology (UST); Daejeon 305-350 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Deok Lee
- Centers for Neuro-Medicine, Neuroscience and Theragnosis; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Centers for Neuro-Medicine, Neuroscience and Theragnosis; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Young Kim
- Molecular Imaging Research Center; Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS); Seoul 139-706 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Choi
- Department of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 136-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Key-Sun Kim
- Centers for Neuro-Medicine, Neuroscience and Theragnosis; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Kim
- Centers for Neuro-Medicine, Neuroscience and Theragnosis; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Centers for Neuro-Medicine, Neuroscience and Theragnosis; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
- Biological Chemistry Program; Korea University of Science and Technology (UST); Daejeon 305-350 Republic of Korea
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Gaffey A, Campbell J, Porritt K, Slater H. The effects of curcumin on musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review protocol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 13:59-73. [PMID: 26447034 DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2015-1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gaffey
- School of Translational Health Science, Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Jared Campbell
- School of Translational Health Science, Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Kylie Porritt
- School of Translational Health Science, Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Helen Slater
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Western Australia
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Devassy JG, Nwachukwu ID, Jones PJH. Curcumin and cancer: barriers to obtaining a health claim. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:155-65. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuu064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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The effect of turmeric (Curcumin) supplementation on cytokine and inflammatory marker responses following 2 hours of endurance cycling. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2015; 12:5. [PMID: 25628521 PMCID: PMC4307740 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-014-0066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endurance exercise induces IL-6 production from myocytes that is thought to impair intracellular defence mechanisms. Curcumin inhibits NF-κB and activator protein 1, responsible for cytokine transcription, in cell lines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin supplementation on the cytokine and stress responses following 2 h of cycling. METHODS Eleven male recreational athletes (35.5 ± 5.7 years; Wmax 275 ± 6 W; 87.2 ± 10.3 kg) consuming a low carbohydrate diet of 2.3 ± 0.2 g/kg/day underwent three double blind trials with curcumin supplementation, placebo supplementation, and no supplementation (control) to observe the response of serum interleukins (IL-6, IL1-RA, IL-10), cortisol, c-reactive protein (CRP), and subjective assessment of training stress. Exercise was set at 95% lactate threshold (54 ± 7% Wmax) to ensure that all athletes completed the trial protocol. RESULTS The trial protocol elicted a rise in IL-6 and IL1-RA, but not IL-10. The supplementation regimen failed to produce statistically significant results when compared to placebo and control. IL-6 serum concentrations one hour following exercise were (Median (IQR): 2.0 (1.8-3.6) Curcumin; 4.8 (2.1-7.3) Placebo; 3.5 (1.9-7.7) Control). Differences between supplementation and placebo failed to reach statistical significance (p = 0.18) with the median test. Repeated measures ANOVA time-trial interaction was at p = 0.06 between curcumin supplementation and placebo. A positive correlation (p = 0.02) between absolute exercise intensity and 1 h post-exercise for IL-6 concentration was observed. Participants reported "better than usual" scores in the subjective assessment of psychological stress when supplementing with curcumin, indicating that they felt less stressed during training days (p = 0.04) compared to placebo even though there was no difference in RPE during any of the training days or trials. CONCLUSION The limitations of the current regimen and trial involved a number of factors including sample size, mode of exercise, intensity of exercise, and dose of curcumin. Nevertheless these results provide insight for future studies with larger samples, and multiple curcumin dosages to investigate if different curcumin regimens can lead to statistically different interleukin levels when compared to a control and placebo.
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Aggarwal BB, Deb L, Prasad S. Curcumin differs from tetrahydrocurcumin for molecular targets, signaling pathways and cellular responses. Molecules 2014; 20:185-205. [PMID: 25547723 PMCID: PMC6272158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a golden pigment from turmeric, has been linked with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, and antidiabetic properties. Most of the these activities have been assigned to methoxy, hydroxyl, α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety or to diketone groups present in curcumin. One of the major metabolites of curcumin is tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), which lacks α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety and is white in color. Whether THC is superior to curcumin on a molecular level is unclear and thus is the focus of this review. Various studies suggest that curcumin is a more potent antioxidant than THC; curcumin (but not THC) can bind and inhibit numerous targets including DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase-1, heme oxygenase-1, Nrf2, β-catenin, cyclooxygenase-2, NF-kappaB, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, amyloid plaques, reactive oxygen species, vascular endothelial growth factor, cyclin D1, glutathione, P300/CBP, 5-lipoxygenase, cytosolic phospholipase A2, prostaglandin E2, inhibitor of NF-kappaB kinase-1, -2, P38MAPK, p-Tau, tumor necrosis factor-α, forkhead box O3a, CRAC; curcumin can inhibit tumor cell growth and suppress cellular entry of viruses such as influenza A virus and hepatitis C virus much more effectively than THC; curcumin affects membrane mobility; and curcumin is also more effective than THC in suppressing phorbol-ester-induced tumor promotion. Other studies, however, suggest that THC is superior to curcumin for induction of GSH peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, NADPH: quinone reductase, and quenching of free radicals. Most studies have indicated that THC exhibits higher antioxidant activity, but curcumin exhibits both pro-oxidant and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat B Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77054, TX, USA.
| | - Lokesh Deb
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77054, TX, USA.
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77054, TX, USA.
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Teiten MH, Dicato M, Diederich M. Hybrid curcumin compounds: a new strategy for cancer treatment. Molecules 2014; 19:20839-63. [PMID: 25514225 PMCID: PMC6271749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191220839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease that requires treatments able to target multiple intracellular components and signaling pathways. The natural compound, curcumin, was already described as a promising anticancer agent due to its multipotent properties and huge amount of molecular targets in vitro. Its translation to the clinic is, however, limited by its reduced solubility and bioavailability in patients. In order to overcome these pharmacokinetic deficits of curcumin, several strategies, such as the design of synthetic analogs, the combination with specific adjuvants or nano-formulations, have been developed. By taking into account the risk-benefit profile of drug combinations, as well as the knowledge about curcumin's structure-activity relationship, a new concept for the combination of curcumin with scaffolds from different natural products or components has emerged. The concept of a hybrid curcumin molecule is based on the incorporation or combination of curcumin with specific antibodies, adjuvants or other natural products already used or not in conventional chemotherapy, in one single molecule. The high diversity of such conjugations enhances the selectivity and inherent biological activities and properties, as well as the efficacy of the parental compound, with particular emphasis on improving the efficacy of curcumin for future clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Teiten
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, Rue Edward Steichen, Luxembourg L-2540, Luxembourg.
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, Rue Edward Steichen, Luxembourg L-2540, Luxembourg.
| | - Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
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Tetrahydrocurcumin protects against cadmium-induced hypertension, raised arterial stiffness and vascular remodeling in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114908. [PMID: 25502771 PMCID: PMC4263715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential heavy metal, causing oxidative damage to various tissues and associated with hypertension. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THU), a major metabolite of curcumin, has been demonstrated to be an antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive and anti-inflammatory agent. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of THU against Cd-induced hypertension, raised arterial stiffness and vascular remodeling in mice. Methods Male ICR mice received CdCl2 (100 mg/l) via drinking water for 8 weeks. THU was administered intragastrically at dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg/day concurrently with Cd treatment. Results Administration of CdCl2 significantly increased arterial blood pressure, blunted vascular responses to vasoactive agents, increased aortic stiffness, and induced hypertrophic aortic wall remodeling by increasing number of smooth muscle cells and collagen deposition, decreasing elastin, and increasing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 levels in the aortic medial wall. Supplementation with THU significantly decreased blood pressure, improved vascular responsiveness, and reversed the structural and mechanical alterations of the aortas, including collagen and elastin deposition. The reduction on the adverse response of Cd treatment was associated with upregulated eNOS and downregulated iNOS protein expressions, increased nitrate/nitrite level, alleviated oxidative stress and enhanced antioxidant glutathione. Moreover, THU also reduced the accumulation of Cd in the blood and tissues. Conclusions Our results suggest that THU ameliorates cadmium-induced hypertension, vascular dysfunction, and arterial stiffness in mice through enhancing NO bioavailability, attenuating oxidative stress, improving vascular remodeling and decreasing Cd accumulation in other tissues. THU has a beneficial effect in moderating the vascular alterations associated with Cd exposure.
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141
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Bhatia M, Urolagin SS, Pentyala KB, Urolagin SB, K B M, Bhoi S. Novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of periodontitis by curcumin. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:ZC65-9. [PMID: 25654035 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/8231.5343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacy of locally delivered 1% curcumin gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 25 patients, belonging to both sex, aged between 21-45 years. All patients diagnosed as chronic periodontitis with periodontal pockets of depth >5mm bilaterally were randomly selected. A split mouth design was followed and the patients received a complete prophylaxis including scaling and root planing. Examination of plaque index, bleeding index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were measured for each patient. The test group received 1% curcumin gel along with scaling and root planing whereas the control group received scaling and root planing alone followed by microbiological samples taken at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months interval. RESULTS The 1% curcumin gel appeared to provide significant improvements in clinical parameters. Microbiological counts of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum and capnocytophaga showed significant reduction in periopathogens at the test sites after six months when compared with that of control sites. CONCLUSION Locally delivered 1% curcumin gel was more effective in inhibiting the growth of oral bacteria when used as an adjunct to SRP in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Bhatia
- Private Practioner, Department of Periodontics, New you Cosmetic Clinic , Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shilpa Sarvesh Urolagin
- Lecturer, Department of Periodontics, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College , North Gujarat, India
| | - Kishore Babu Pentyala
- Private Practioner, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, New you Cosmetic Clinic , Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sarvesh Basavaraj Urolagin
- Reader, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College , North Gujarat, India
| | - Menaka K B
- Reader, Department of Periodontics, KLE V. K. Institute of Dental Sciences , Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Shreedevi Bhoi
- Lecturer, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College , North Gujarat, India
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Prasad S, Gupta SC, Tyagi AK, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin, a component of golden spice: From bedside to bench and back. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1053-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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143
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Leite DPV, Paolillo FR, Parmesano TN, Fontana CR, Bagnato VS. Effects of photodynamic therapy with blue light and curcumin as mouth rinse for oral disinfection: a randomized controlled trial. Photomed Laser Surg 2014; 32:627-32. [PMID: 25343373 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2014.3805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (a-PDT) with blue light and curcumin on oral disinfection during the 2 h after treatment. BACKGROUND DATA a-PDT is a technique that can potentially affect the viability of bacterial cells, with selective action targeting only areas with photosensitizer accumulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized controlled trial was undertaken. Twenty-seven adults were randomly divided into three groups: (1) the PDT group, which was treated with the drug, curcumin, and blue light (n=9); (2) the light group, which was treated only with the blue light, and no drug (n=9) and; (3) the curcumin group, which was treated only with the drug, curcumin, and no light (n=9). The irradiation parameters were: blue light-emitting diode (LED) illumination (455±30 nm), 400 mW of average optical power, 5 min of application, illumination area of 0.6 cm(2), 600 mW/cm(2) of intensity, and 200 J/cm(2) of fluence. A curcumin concentration of 30 mg/L was used. The saliva samples were collected for bacterial counts at baseline and after the experimental phases (immediately after treatment, and 1 and 2 h after treatment). Serial dilutions were performed, and the resulting samples were cultured on blood agar plates in microaerophilic conditions. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) was determined. RESULTS The PDT group showed a significant reduction of CFU immediately after treatment (post-treatment) with PDT (5.71±0.48, p=0.001), and 1 h (5.14±0.92, p=0.001) and 2 h (5.35±0.76, p=0.001) after treatment, compared with pretreatment (6.61±0.82). There were no significant changes for the light group. The curcumin group showed a significant increase of CFU 1 h after treatment (6.77±0.40, p=0.02) compared with pretreatment (5.57±0.91) falling to baseline values at 2 h after treatment (5.58±0.70). CONCLUSIONS The PDT group showed significant difference in microbial reduction (p<0.05) compared with both the light and curcumin groups until 2 h post-treatment. The new blue LED device for PDT using curcumin may be used for reduction of salivary microorganisms, leading to overall disinfection of the mouth (e.g., mucosa, tongue, and saliva), but new protocols should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Portes Vieira Leite
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering from University of Camilo Castelo Branco (UNICASTELO) São José dos Campos , SP, Brazil
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Ahmad N, Ahmad I, Umar S, Iqbal Z, Samim M, Ahmad FJ. PNIPAM nanoparticles for targeted and enhanced nose-to-brain delivery of curcuminoids: UPLC/ESI-Q-ToF-MS/MS-based pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic evaluation in cerebral ischemia model. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:2095-2114. [PMID: 25237726 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.941076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a one of the leading causes of disease and deaths worldwide, which causes irreversible deterioration of the central nervous system. Curcuminoids are reported to have a potential role in the amelioration of cerebral ischemia but they exhibit low serum and tissue levels due to low solubility and poor absorption. Curcumin (CUR), demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC)-loaded PNIPAM nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by free radical polymerization and characterized for particles size, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, in vitro release and ex vivo permeation study. Optimized CUR, DMC and BDMC-loaded NPs had the mean size of 92.46 ± 2.8, 91.23 ± 4.2 and 94.28 ± 1.91 nm; zeta potential of -16.2 ± 1.42, -15.6 ± 1.33 and -16.6 ± 1.21 mV; loading capacity of 39.31 ± 3.7, 38.91 ± 3.6 and 40.61 ± 3.6% and entrapment efficiency of 84.63 ± 4.2, 84.71 ± 3.99 and 85.73 ± 4.31%, respectively. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectroscopy based bioanalytical method was developed and validated for pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, brain-targeting efficiency and brain drug-targeting potential studies post-intranasal (i.n.) administration which showed enhanced bioavailability of curcuminoids in brain as compared to intravenous administration. Improved neurobehavioural activity (locomotor and grip strength) and reduced cytokines levels (TNF-α and IL-1β) was observed in middle cerebral artery occlusion induced cerebral ischemic rats after i.n. administration of curcuminoids NPs. Finally, the toxicity study was performed which revealed safe nature of developed NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Ahmad
- a Nanoformulation Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy.,b UPLC-MS Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- a Nanoformulation Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Sadiq Umar
- c Department of Medical Elemental and Toxicology, Faculty of Science , and
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- a Nanoformulation Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Mohd Samim
- d Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hamdard University , New Delhi , India
| | - Farhan Jalees Ahmad
- a Nanoformulation Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy.,b UPLC-MS Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy
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Krausz AE, Adler BL, Cabral V, Navati M, Doerner J, Charafeddine RA, Chandra D, Liang H, Gunther L, Clendaniel A, Harper S, Friedman JM, Nosanchuk JD, Friedman AJ. Curcumin-encapsulated nanoparticles as innovative antimicrobial and wound healing agent. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 11:195-206. [PMID: 25240595 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Burn wounds are often complicated by bacterial infection, contributing to morbidity and mortality. Agents commonly used to treat burn wound infection are limited by toxicity, incomplete microbial coverage, inadequate penetration, and rising resistance. Curcumin is a naturally derived substance with innate antimicrobial and wound healing properties. Acting by multiple mechanisms, curcumin is less likely than current antibiotics to select for resistant bacteria. Curcumin's poor aqueous solubility and rapid degradation profile hinder usage; nanoparticle encapsulation overcomes this pitfall and enables extended topical delivery of curcumin. In this study, we synthesized and characterized curcumin nanoparticles (curc-np), which inhibited in vitro growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in dose-dependent fashion, and inhibited MRSA growth and enhanced wound healing in an in vivo murine wound model. Curc-np may represent a novel topical antimicrobial and wound healing adjuvant for infected burn wounds and other cutaneous injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee E Krausz
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Brandon L Adler
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Vitor Cabral
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mahantesh Navati
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Doerner
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rabab A Charafeddine
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dinesh Chandra
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hongying Liang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Leslie Gunther
- Analytical Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alicea Clendaniel
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Stacey Harper
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Joel M Friedman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Joshua D Nosanchuk
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Adam J Friedman
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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146
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Sekiya M, Chiba E, Satoh M, Yamakoshi H, Iwabuchi Y, Futai M, Nakanishi-Matsui M. Strong inhibitory effects of curcumin and its demethoxy analog on Escherichia coli ATP synthase F1 sector. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 70:241-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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147
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Elucidation of the relationships between H-bonding patterns and excited state dynamics in cyclovalone. Molecules 2014; 19:13282-304. [PMID: 25170950 PMCID: PMC6270912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190913282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclovalone is a synthetic curcumin derivative in which the keto-enolic system is replaced by a cyclohexanone ring. This modification of the chemical structure might in principle result in an excited state that is more stable than that of curcumin, which in turn should produce an enhanced phototoxicity. Indeed, although curcumin exhibits photosensitized antibacterial activity, this compound is characterized by very fast excited-state dynamics which limit its efficacy as a photosensitizer. In previous works we showed that the main non-radiative decay pathway of keto-enolic curcuminoids is through excited-state transfer of the enolic proton to the keto-oxygen. Another effective deactivation pathway involves an intermolecular charge transfer mechanism occurring at the phenyl rings, made possible by intramolecular H-bonding between the methoxy and the hydroxyl substituent. In this paper we present UV-Vis and IR absorption spectra data with the aim of elucidating the intramolecular charge distribution of this compound and its solvation patterns in different environments, with particular focus on solute-solvent H-bonding features. Moreover, we discuss steady state and time-resolved fluorescence data that aim at characterizing the excited-state dynamics of cyclovalone, and we compare its decay photophysics to that of curcumin. Finally, because during the characterization procedures we found evidence of very fast photodegradation of cyclovalone, its photostability in four organic solvents was studied by HPLC and the corresponding relative degradation rates were calculated.
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148
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Xie Y, Zhao QY, Li HY, Zhou X, Liu Y, Zhang H. Curcumin ameliorates cognitive deficits heavy ion irradiation-induced learning and memory deficits through enhancing of Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathways. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 126:181-6. [PMID: 25159739 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the major mechanisms implicated in carbon ion irradiation. Curcumin is a natural phenolic compound with impressive antioxidant properties. What's more, curcumin is recently proved to exert its effects partly radioprotection. In vivo, we investigated the protective effects of curcumin against (12)C(6+)radiation-induced cerebral injury. Our results showed that 4Gy heavy ion radiation-induced spatial strategy and memory decline and reduction of brain superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity levels were all consistently improved by curcumin, and the augmentation of cerebral malonaldehyde (MDA) was lowered by curcumin. Furthermore, both the cerebral cells nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein and three typically recognized Nrf2 downstream genes, NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) were consistently up-regulated in curcumin-pretreated mice. Our study confirmed the antagonistic roles of curcumin to counteract radiation-induced cerebral injury in vivo and suggested that the potent Nrf2 activation capability might be valuable for the protective effects of curcumin against radiation. This provides a potential useful radioprotection dietary component for human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xie
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiu Yue Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hong Yan Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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149
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Soumya R, Vani R. CUPRAC–BCS and antioxidant activity assays as reliable markers of antioxidant capacity in erythrocytes. Hematology 2014; 20:165-74. [DOI: 10.1179/1607845414y.0000000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Soumya
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bangalore, India
| | - Rajashekharaiah Vani
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bangalore, India
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150
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Wang Y, Zhou S, Sun W, McClung K, Pan Y, Liang G, Tan Y, Zhao Y, Liu Q, Sun J, Cai L. Inhibition of JNK by novel curcumin analog C66 prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy with a preservation of cardiac metallothionein expression. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E1239-47. [PMID: 24714399 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00629.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of diabetic cardiomyopathy is attributed to diabetic oxidative stress, which may be related to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. The present study tested a hypothesis whether the curcumin analog C66 [(2E,6E)-2,6-bis(2-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene) cyclohexanone] as a potent antioxidant can protect diabetes-induced cardiac functional and pathogenic changes via inhibition of JNK function. Diabetes was induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in male C57BL/6 mice. Diabetic and age-matched control mice were randomly divided into three groups, each group treated with C66, JNK inhibitor (JNKi, SP600125), or vehicle (1% CMC-Na solution) by gavage at 5 mg/kg every other day for 3 mo. Neither C66 nor JNKi impacted diabetic hyperglycemia and inhibition of body-weight gain, but both significantly prevented diabetes-induced JNK phosphorylation in the heart. Compared with basal line, cardiac function was significantly decreased in diabetic mice at 3 mo of diabetes but not in C66- or JNKi-treated diabetic mice. Cardiac fibrosis, oxidative damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and cell apoptosis, examined by Sirius red staining, Western blot, and thiobarbituric acid assay, were also significantly increased in diabetic mice, all which were prevented by C66 or JNKi treatment under diabetic conditions. Cardiac metallothionein expression was significantly decreased in diabetic mice but was almost normal in C66- or JNKi-treated diabetic mice. These results suggest that, like JNKi, C66 is able to prevent diabetic upregulation of JNK function, resulting in a prevention of diabetes-induced cardiac fibrosis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and cell death, along with a preservation of cardiac metallothionein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Wanqing Sun
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kristen McClung
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Yong Pan
- The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Departments of Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; and
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Quan Liu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Sun
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Departments of Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; and
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