Gilbert P, McEwan K, Irons C, Bhundia R, Christie R, Broomhead C, Rockliff H. Self-harm in a mixed clinical population: the roles of self-criticism, shame, and social rank.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2010;
49:563-76. [PMID:
20109278 DOI:
10.1348/014466509x479771]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study explored the relationship of forms and functions of self-criticism, shame, and social rank variables to self-harm, depression, and anxiety.
DESIGN
The study used a questionnaire design.
METHOD
In-patients and day-patients (N=73) completed a series of questionnaires measuring self-harm, mood, self-criticism, shame, and social comparison.
RESULTS
Self-harm was significantly associated with forms and functions of self-criticism, shame, and feelings of inferiority (low social rank). The self-persecuting function of self-criticism was especially linked to self-harm, depression, and anxiety.
CONCLUSIONS
This study adds to a growing literature on the importance of recognizing the pathogenic effects of negative self-critical thoughts and feelings about the self and the value of distinguishing different types of self-criticism.
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