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Quiroga-Varela A, Aguilar E, Iglesias E, Obeso JA, Marin C. Short- and long-term effects induced by repeated 6-OHDA intraventricular administration: A new progressive and bilateral rodent model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2017; 361:144-156. [PMID: 28823819 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and the resulting striatal dopamine deficiency, which are responsible for the classic motor features. Although a diagnosis of PD relies on the clinical effects of dopamine deficiency, this disease is also associated with other neurotransmitter deficits that are recognized as causing various motor and non-motor symptoms. However, the cause of dopaminergic nigral neurodegeneration in PD and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. While animal models are considered valuable tools with which to investigate dopaminergic cell vulnerability, rodent models usually fail to mimic the neurodegeneration progression that occurs in human PD. To find a convenient rat model for studying the progression of dopaminergic cell degeneration and motor signs, we have developed a progressive rodent model using a repeated daily, intraventricular administration of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) (100µg/day) in awakened rats for 1 to 10 consecutive days. The short- (6-day) and long-term (32-day) progression of motor alterations was studied. This model leads to a bilateral and progressive increase in catalepsy (evident from the 3rd infusion in the short-term groups (p<0.01) and from the 7th infusion in the long-term groups (p<0.01), which was associated with a progressive nigrostriatal dopaminergic deficit. All together this makes the new model an interesting experimental tool to investigate the mechanisms involved in the progression of dopaminergic neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Quiroga-Varela
- Movement Disorders Laboratory, Neurosciences Area, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - E Aguilar
- Laboratori de Neurologia Experimental, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Iglesias
- Movement Disorders Laboratory, Neurosciences Area, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - J A Obeso
- Movement Disorders Laboratory, Neurosciences Area, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - C Marin
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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102
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Sheng YL, Chen X, Hou XO, Yuan X, Yuan BS, Yuan YQ, Zhang QL, Cao X, Liu CF, Luo WF, Hu LF. Urate promotes SNCA/α-synuclein clearance via regulating mTOR-dependent macroautophagy. Exp Neurol 2017; 297:138-147. [PMID: 28821398 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Serum urate levels are reported to be significantly lowered in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and inversely correlated to the risk and progression of PD. However, the mechanism by which urate affects PD is poorly understood. Here we showed that treatment with uric acid (UA) resulted in an autophagy activity enhancement in PC12 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners, as indicated by LC3-II increase and P62 decrease. Moreover, UA was still able to increase the LC3-II level and the number of LC3 puncta in the presence of Bafilomycin A1, a lysosomal inhibitor. These changes of autophagic markers were preceded by mTOR inhibition and ULK1 activation. Co-treatment with 3-benzyl-5-((2-nitrophenoxy) methyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (3BDO), an mTOR activator, abolished the UA-induced LC3-II increase. More importantly, UA reduced SNCA/α-synuclein accumulation in PC12 cells that overexpress wildtype or A53T mutant SNCA, and this was blocked by Bafilomycin A1 co-treatment. The in vivo study showed that UA administration was able to modulate the levels of autophagy markers, increase the autophagosome/autolysosome formation, and reduce SNCA accumulation in the midbrain of SNCAA53T transgenic mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that UA could induce autophagy activation via an mTOR-dependent signaling and ameliorate SNCA accumulation. This implicates that urate-elevating agent may become a potential strategy for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Sheng
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Hou
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bao-Shi Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu-Qing Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Xian Cao
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei-Feng Luo
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Li-Fang Hu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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103
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Mandolesi G, Bullitta S, Fresegna D, Gentile A, De Vito F, Dolcetti E, Rizzo FR, Strimpakos G, Centonze D, Musella A. Interferon-γ causes mood abnormalities by altering cannabinoid CB1 receptor function in the mouse striatum. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 108:45-53. [PMID: 28757328 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and in its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The type-1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs) are heavily involved in MS pathophysiology, and a growing body of evidence suggests that mood disturbances reflect specific effects of proinflammatory cytokines on neuronal activity. Here, we investigated whether IFN-γ could exert a role in the anxiety- and depressive-like behavior observed in mice with EAE, and in the modulation of CB1Rs. Anxiety and depression in fact are often diagnosed in MS, and have already been shown to depend on cannabinoid system. We performed biochemical, behavioral and electrophysiological experiments to assess the role of IFN-γ on mood control and on synaptic transmission in mice. Intracerebroventricular delivery of IFN-γ caused a depressive- and anxiety-like behavior in mice, associated with the selective dysfunction of CB1Rs controlling GABA transmission in the striatum. EAE induction was associated with increased striatal expression of IFN-γ, and with CB1R transmission deficits, which were rescued by pharmacological blockade of IFN-γ. IFN-γ was unable to replicate the effects of EAE on excitatory and inhibitory transmission in the striatum, but mimicked the effects of EAE on CB1R function in this brain area. Overall these results indicate that IFN-γ exerts a relevant control on mood, through the modulation of CB1R function. A better understanding of the biological pathways underling the psychological disorders during neuroinflammatory conditions is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Mandolesi
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bullitta
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; Unit of Neurology and of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Diego Fresegna
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; Unit of Neurology and of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Antonietta Gentile
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; Unit of Neurology and of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Francesca De Vito
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; Unit of Neurology and of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Ettore Dolcetti
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca R Rizzo
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; Unit of Neurology and of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Georgios Strimpakos
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology CNR, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; Unit of Neurology and of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Musella
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
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104
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Animal models of α-synucleinopathy for Parkinson disease drug development. Nat Rev Neurosci 2017; 18:515-529. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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105
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Feng W, Rosca M, Fan Y, Hu Y, Feng P, Lee HG, Monnier VM, Fan X. Gclc deficiency in mouse CNS causes mitochondrial damage and neurodegeneration. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1376-1390. [PMID: 28158580 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma glutamyl cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate-limiting enzyme for intracellular glutathione (GSH) synthesis. The GSH concentration and GCL activity are declining with age in the central nervous system (CNS), and is accompanied by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS). To study the biological effects of low GSH levels, we disrupted its synthesis both at birth by breeding a Gclc loxP mouse with a thy1-cre mouse (NEGSKO mouse) and at a later age by breeding with a CaMKII-ERT2-Cre (FIGSKO mouse). NEGSKO mice with deficiency of the Gclc in their entire CNS neuronal cells develop at 4 weeks: progressive motor neuron loss, gait problems, muscle denervation and atrophy, paralysis, and have diminished life expectancy. The observed neurodegeneration in Gclc deficiency is of more chronic rather than acute nature as demonstrated by Gclc targeted single-neuron labeling from the inducible Cre-mediated knockout (SLICK) mice. FIGSKO mice with inducible Gclc deficiency in the forebrain at 23 weeks after tamoxifen induction demonstrate profound brain atrophy, elevated astrogliosis and neurodegeneration, particularly in the hippocampus region. FIGSKO mice also develop cognitive abnormalities, i.e. learning impairment and nesting behaviors based on passive avoidance, T-Maze, and nesting behavior tests. Mechanistic studies show that impaired mitochondrial glutathione homeostasis and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction are responsible for neuronal cell loss. This was confirmed by mitochondrial electron transporter chain activity analysis and transmission electron microscopy that demonstrate remarkable impairment of state 3 respiratory activity, impaired complex IV function, and mitochondrial swollen morphology in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. These mouse genetic tools of oxidative stress open new insights into potential pharmacological control of apoptotic signaling pathways triggered by mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Feng
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Mariana Rosca
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | | | - Yufen Hu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - Pingfu Feng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - Hyoung-Gon Lee
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio
| | - Vincent M Monnier
- Department of Pathology.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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106
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Ganguly A, McEwen C, Troy EL, Colburn RW, Caggiano AO, Schallert TJ, Parry TJ. Recovery of sensorimotor function following sciatic nerve injury across multiple rat strains. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 275:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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107
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Noble DJ, MacDowell CJ, McKinnon ML, Neblett TI, Goolsby WN, Hochman S. Use of electric field sensors for recording respiration, heart rate, and stereotyped motor behaviors in the rodent home cage. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 277:88-100. [PMID: 27993527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous environmental and genetic factors can contribute significantly to behavioral and cardiorespiratory variability observed experimentally. Affordable technologies that allow for noninvasive home cage capture of physio-behavioral variables should enhance understanding of inter-animal variability including after experimental interventions. NEW METHOD We assessed whether EPIC electric field sensors (Plessey Semiconductors) embedded within or attached externally to a rodent's home cage could accurately record respiration, heart rate, and motor behaviors. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Current systems for quantification of behavioral variables require expensive specialty equipment, while measures of respiratory and heart rate are often provided by surgically implanted or chronically affixed devices. RESULTS Sensors accurately encoded imposed sinusoidal changes in electric field tested at frequencies ranging from 0.5-100Hz. Mini-metronome arm movements were easily detected, but response magnitude was highly distance dependent. Sensors accurately reported respiration during whole-body plethysmography. In anesthetized rodents, PVC tube-embedded sensors provided accurate mechanical detection of both respiratory and heart rate. Comparable success was seen in naturally behaving animals at rest or sleeping when sensors were attached externally. Video-verified motor behaviors (sniffing, grooming, chewing, and rearing) were detectable and largely separable by their characteristic voltage fluctuations. Larger movement-related events had comparably larger voltage dynamics that easily allowed for a broad approximation of overall motor activity. Spectrograms were used to quickly depict characteristic frequencies in long-lasting recordings, while filtering and thresholding software allowed for detection and quantification of movement-related physio-behavioral events. CONCLUSIONS EPIC electric field sensors provide a means for affordable non-contact home cage detection of physio-behavioral variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Noble
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 30322 Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Camden J MacDowell
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 30322 Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Michael L McKinnon
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 30322 Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tamra I Neblett
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 30322 Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - William N Goolsby
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 30322 Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shawn Hochman
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 30322 Atlanta, GA, United States.
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108
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Rey NL, George S, Brundin P. Review: Spreading the word: precise animal models and validated methods are vital when evaluating prion-like behaviour of alpha-synuclein. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2016; 42:51-76. [PMID: 26666838 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are characterized by abnormal proteinaceous aggregates, mainly composed of fibrillar α-synuclein (α-syn). It is now believed that α-syn can form small aggregates in a restricted number of cells, that propagate to neighbouring cells and seed aggregation of endogenous α-syn, in a 'prion-like manner'. This process could underlie the stereotypical progression of Lewy bodies described by Braak and colleagues across different stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). This prion-like behaviour of α-syn has been recently investigated in animal models of PD or multiple system atrophy (MSA). These models investigate the cell-to-cell transfer of α-syn seeds, or the induction and spreading of α-syn pathology in transgenic or wild-type rodent brain. In this review, we first outline the involvement of α-syn in Lewy body diseases and MSA, and discuss how 'prion-like' mechanisms can contribute to disease. Thereon, we debate the relevance of animal models used to study prion-like propagation. Finally, we review current main histological methods used to assess α-syn pathology both in animal models and in human samples and their relevance to the disease. Specifically, we discuss using α-syn phosphorylated at serine 129 as a marker of pathology, and the novel methods available that allow for more sensitive detection of early pathology, which has relevance for modelling synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Rey
- Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - S George
- Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - P Brundin
- Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
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109
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Baumann A, Moreira CG, Morawska MM, Masneuf S, Baumann CR, Noain D. Preliminary Evidence of Apathetic-Like Behavior in Aged Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 Deficient Mice. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:587. [PMID: 27917116 PMCID: PMC5114272 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Apathy is considered to be a core feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and has been associated with a variety of states and symptoms of the disease, such as increased severity of motor symptoms, impaired cognition, executive dysfunction and dementia. Apart from the high prevalence of apathy in PD, which is estimated to be about 40%, the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood and current treatment approaches are unspecific and proved to be only partially effective. In animal models, apathy has been sub-optimally modeled, mostly by means of pharmacological and stress-induced methods, whereby concomitant depressive-like symptoms could not be ruled out. In the context of PD only a few studies on toxin-based models (i.e., 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)) claimed to have determined apathetic symptoms in animals. The assessment of apathetic symptoms in more elaborated and multifaceted genetic animal models of PD could help to understand the pathophysiological development of apathy in PD and eventually advance specific treatments for afflicted patients. Here we report the presence of behavioral signs of apathy in 12 months old mice that express only ~5% of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). Apathetic-like behavior in VMAT2 deficient (LO) mice was evidenced by impaired burrowing and nest building skills, and a reduced preference for sweet solution in the saccharin preference test, while the performance in the forced swimming test was normal. Our preliminary results suggest that VMAT2 deficient mice show an apathetic-like phenotype that might be independent of depressive-like symptoms. Therefore VMAT2 LO mice could be a useful tool to study the pathophysiological substrates of apathy and to test novel treatment strategies for apathy in the context of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Baumann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlos G Moreira
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta M Morawska
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Masneuf
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniela Noain
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
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110
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Wu Q, Yang X, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Feng L. Chronic mild stress accelerates the progression of Parkinson's disease in A53T α-synuclein transgenic mice. Exp Neurol 2016; 285:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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111
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Gentile A, Fresegna D, Musella A, Sepman H, Bullitta S, De Vito F, Fantozzi R, Usiello A, Maccarrone M, Mercuri NB, Lutz B, Mandolesi G, Centonze D. Interaction between interleukin-1β and type-1 cannabinoid receptor is involved in anxiety-like behavior in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:231. [PMID: 27589957 PMCID: PMC5009553 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0682-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mood disorders, including anxiety and depression, are frequently diagnosed in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, even independently of the disabling symptoms associated with the disease. Anatomical, biochemical, and pharmacological evidence indicates that type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) is implicated in the control of emotional behavior and is modulated during inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases such as MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods We investigated whether CB1R could exert a role in anxiety-like behavior in mice with EAE. We performed behavioral, pharmacological, and electrophysiological experiments to explore the link between central inflammation, mood, and CB1R function in EAE. Results We observed that EAE-induced anxiety was associated with the downregulation of CB1R-mediated control of striatal GABA synaptic transmission and was exacerbated in mice lacking CB1R (CB1R-KO mice). Central blockade of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) reversed the anxiety-like phenotype of EAE mice, an effect associated with the concomitant rescue of dopamine (DA)-regulated spontaneous behavior, and DA-CB1R neurotransmission, leading to the rescue of striatal CB1R sensitivity. Conclusions Overall, results of the present investigation indicate that synaptic dysfunction linked to CB1R is involved in EAE-related anxiety and motivation-based behavior and contribute to clarify the complex neurobiological mechanisms underlying mood disorders associated to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Gentile
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Transmission, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), 00143, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Fresegna
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Transmission, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), 00143, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Musella
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Transmission, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), 00143, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Helena Sepman
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Transmission, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), 00143, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bullitta
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Transmission, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), 00143, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca De Vito
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Transmission, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), 00143, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Fantozzi
- Unit of Neurology and of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Alessandro Usiello
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145, Naples, Italy.,Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples (SUN), Caserta, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Transmission, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), 00143, Rome, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca Integrata, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Campus Bio-Medico, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola B Mercuri
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Transmission, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), 00143, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Georgia Mandolesi
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Transmission, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), 00143, Rome, Italy.
| | - Diego Centonze
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Neurology and of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
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112
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Rockenstein E, Clarke J, Viel C, Panarello N, Treleaven CM, Kim C, Spencer B, Adame A, Park H, Dodge JC, Cheng SH, Shihabuddin LS, Masliah E, Sardi SP. Glucocerebrosidase modulates cognitive and motor activities in murine models of Parkinson's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2645-2660. [PMID: 27126635 PMCID: PMC5181635 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in GBA1, the gene encoding glucocerebrosidase, are associated with an enhanced risk of developing synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies. A higher prevalence and increased severity of motor and non-motor symptoms is observed in PD patients harboring mutant GBA1 alleles, suggesting a link between the gene or gene product and disease development. Interestingly, PD patients without mutations in GBA1 also exhibit lower levels of glucocerebrosidase activity in the central nervous system (CNS), implicating this lysosomal enzyme in disease pathogenesis. Here, we investigated whether modulation of glucocerebrosidase activity in murine models of synucleinopathy (expressing wild type Gba1) affected α-synuclein accumulation and behavioral phenotypes. Partial inhibition of glucocerebrosidase activity in PrP-A53T-SNCA mice using the covalent inhibitor conduritol-B-epoxide induced a profound increase in soluble α-synuclein in the CNS and exacerbated cognitive and motor deficits. Conversely, augmenting glucocerebrosidase activity in the Thy1-SNCA mouse model of PD delayed the progression of synucleinopathy. Adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of glucocerebrosidase in the Thy1-SNCA mouse striatum led to decrease in the levels of the proteinase K-resistant fraction of α-synuclein, amelioration of behavioral aberrations and protection from loss of striatal dopaminergic markers. These data indicate that increasing glucocerebrosidase activity can influence α-synuclein homeostasis, thereby reducing the progression of synucleinopathies. This study provides robust in vivo evidence that augmentation of CNS glucocerebrosidase activity is a potential therapeutic strategy for PD, regardless of the mutation status of GBA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Rockenstein
- Neuroscience Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Changyoun Kim
- Neuroscience Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Brian Spencer
- Neuroscience Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anthony Adame
- Neuroscience Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - E Masliah
- Neuroscience Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Pathology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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113
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Fasudil attenuates aggregation of α-synuclein in models of Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:39. [PMID: 27101974 PMCID: PMC4840958 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, yet disease-modifying treatments do not currently exist. Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) was recently described as a novel neuroprotective target in PD. Since alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation is a major hallmark in the pathogenesis of PD, we aimed to evaluate the anti-aggregative potential of pharmacological ROCK inhibition using the isoquinoline derivative Fasudil, a small molecule inhibitor already approved for clinical use in humans. Fasudil treatment significantly reduced α-Syn aggregation in vitro in a H4 cell culture model as well as in a cell-free assay. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis revealed a direct binding of Fasudil to tyrosine residues Y133 and Y136 in the C-terminal region of α-Syn. Importantly, this binding was shown to be biologically relevant using site-directed mutagenesis of these residues in the cell culture model. Furthermore, we evaluated the impact of long-term Fasudil treatment on α-Syn pathology in vivo in a transgenic mouse model overexpressing human α-Syn bearing the A53T mutation (α-SynA53T mice). Fasudil treatment improved motor and cognitive functions in α-SynA53T mice as determined by CatwalkTM gait analysis and novel object recognition (NOR), without apparent side effects. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant reduction of α-Syn pathology in the midbrain of α-SynA53T mice after Fasudil treatment. Our results demonstrate that Fasudil, next to its effects mediated by ROCK-inhibition, directly interacts with α-Syn and attenuates α-Syn pathology. This underscores the translational potential of Fasudil as a disease-modifying drug for the treatment of PD and other synucleinopathies.
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114
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Flores-Cuadrado A, Ubeda-Bañon I, Saiz-Sanchez D, de la Rosa-Prieto C, Martinez-Marcos A. Hippocampal α-synuclein and interneurons in Parkinson's disease: Data from human and mouse models. Mov Disord 2016; 31:979-88. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Flores-Cuadrado
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Isabel Ubeda-Bañon
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Daniel Saiz-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Carlos de la Rosa-Prieto
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Alino Martinez-Marcos
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real Spain
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115
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Kalueff AV, Stewart AM, Song C, Berridge KC, Graybiel AM, Fentress JC. Neurobiology of rodent self-grooming and its value for translational neuroscience. Nat Rev Neurosci 2015; 17:45-59. [PMID: 26675822 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2015.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Self-grooming is a complex innate behaviour with an evolutionarily conserved sequencing pattern and is one of the most frequently performed behavioural activities in rodents. In this Review, we discuss the neurobiology of rodent self-grooming, and we highlight studies of rodent models of neuropsychiatric disorders--including models of autism spectrum disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder--that have assessed self-grooming phenotypes. We suggest that rodent self-grooming may be a useful measure of repetitive behaviour in such models, and therefore of value to translational psychiatry. Assessment of rodent self-grooming may also be useful for understanding the neural circuits that are involved in complex sequential patterns of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan V Kalueff
- Research Institute of Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.,Neuroscience Research Laboratory, ZENEREI Research Center, Slidell, Louisiana 70458, USA.,Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg 199034, Russia.,Institutes of Chemical Technologies and Natural Sciences, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Adam Michael Stewart
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, ZENEREI Research Center, Slidell, Louisiana 70458, USA
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute of Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St, Life Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H4R2, Canada.,Graduate Institute of Neural Cognitive Science, China Medical University, Taichung 000001, Taiwan
| | - Kent C Berridge
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 525E University Str, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ann M Graybiel
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - John C Fentress
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St, Life Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H4R2, Canada
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116
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Neurobehavioral Anomalies in the Pitx3/ak Murine Model of Parkinson’s Disease and MPTP. Behav Genet 2015; 46:228-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10519-015-9753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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117
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Stewart AM, Kaluyeva AA, Poudel MK, Nguyen M, Song C, Kalueff AV. Building Zebrafish Neurobehavioral Phenomics: Effects of Common Environmental Factors on Anxiety and Locomotor Activity. Zebrafish 2015; 12:339-48. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Michael Stewart
- International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), ZENEREI Institute, Slidell, Louisiana
| | - Alexandra A. Kaluyeva
- International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), ZENEREI Institute, Slidell, Louisiana
| | - Manoj K. Poudel
- International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), ZENEREI Institute, Slidell, Louisiana
| | - Michael Nguyen
- International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), ZENEREI Institute, Slidell, Louisiana
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University (GDOU), Zhanjiang, China
| | - Allan V. Kalueff
- International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), ZENEREI Institute, Slidell, Louisiana
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University (GDOU), Zhanjiang, China
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University (SPSU), St. Petersburg, Russia
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118
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Jantzie LL, Corbett CJ, Firl DJ, Robinson S. Postnatal Erythropoietin Mitigates Impaired Cerebral Cortical Development Following Subplate Loss from Prenatal Hypoxia-Ischemia. Cereb Cortex 2015; 25:2683-95. [PMID: 24722771 PMCID: PMC4537428 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth impacts brain development and leads to chronic deficits including cognitive delay, behavioral problems, and epilepsy. Premature loss of the subplate, a transient subcortical layer that guides development of the cerebral cortex and axonal refinement, has been implicated in these neurological disorders. Subplate neurons influence postnatal upregulation of the potassium chloride co-transporter KCC2 and maturation of γ-amino-butyric acid A receptor (GABAAR) subunits. We hypothesized that prenatal transient systemic hypoxia-ischemia (TSHI) in Sprague-Dawley rats that mimic brain injury from extreme prematurity in humans would cause premature subplate loss and affect cortical layer IV development. Further, we predicted that the neuroprotective agent erythropoietin (EPO) could attenuate the injury. Prenatal TSHI induced subplate neuronal loss via apoptosis. TSHI impaired cortical layer IV postnatal upregulation of KCC2 and GABAAR subunits, and postnatal EPO treatment mitigated the loss (n ≥ 8). To specifically address how subplate loss affects cortical development, we used in vitro mechanical subplate ablation in slice cultures (n ≥ 3) and found EPO treatment attenuates KCC2 loss. Together, these results show that subplate loss contributes to impaired cerebral development, and EPO treatment diminishes the damage. Limitation of premature subplate loss and the resultant impaired cortical development may minimize cerebral deficits suffered by extremely preterm infants.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Brain Injuries/drug therapy
- Brain Injuries/etiology
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cerebral Cortex/drug effects
- Cerebral Cortex/growth & development
- Cerebral Cortex/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Erythropoietin/therapeutic use
- Fetal Diseases/drug therapy
- Fetal Diseases/physiopathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/complications
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/pathology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Motor Activity/physiology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism
- Symporters/metabolism
- K Cl- Cotransporters
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Jantzie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher J Corbett
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel J Firl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shenandoah Robinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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119
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Ragot A, Pietropaolo S, Vincent J, Delage P, Zhang H, Allinquant B, Leinekugel X, Fischer A, Cho YH. Genetic deletion of the Histone Deacetylase 6 exacerbates selected behavioral deficits in the R6/1 mouse model for Huntington's disease. Brain Behav 2015; 5:e00361. [PMID: 26445700 PMCID: PMC4589808 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The inhibition of the Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) increases tubulin acetylation, thus stimulating intracellular vesicle trafficking and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release, that is, cellular processes markedly reduced in Huntington's disease (HD). METHODS We therefore tested that reducing HDAC6 levels by genetic manipulation would attenuate early cognitive and behavioral deficits in R6/1 mice, a mouse model which develops progressive HD-related phenotypes. RESULTS In contrast to our initial hypothesis, the genetic deletion of HDAC6 did not reduce the weight loss or the deficits in cognitive abilities and nest-building behavior shown by R6/1 mice, and even worsened their social impairments, hypolocomotion in the Y-maze, and reduced ultrasonic vocalizations. CONCLUSIONS These results weaken the validity of HDAC6 reduction as a possible therapeutic strategy for HD. The data are discussed in terms of additional cellular consequences and anatomical specificity of HDAC6 that could explain these unexpected effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alienor Ragot
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287 Avenue des Facultés, 33405, Talence Cedex, France ; University of Bordeaux 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Susanna Pietropaolo
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287 Avenue des Facultés, 33405, Talence Cedex, France ; University of Bordeaux 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean Vincent
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287 Avenue des Facultés, 33405, Talence Cedex, France ; University of Bordeaux 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pauline Delage
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287 Avenue des Facultés, 33405, Talence Cedex, France ; University of Bordeaux 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- University of Bordeaux 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33077, Bordeaux, France ; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bernadette Allinquant
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire INSERM, UMR 894- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris, France
| | - Xavier Leinekugel
- University of Bordeaux 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33077, Bordeaux, France ; Neurocentre Magendie 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - André Fischer
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen Grisebachstr. 5, 37077, Göttingen, Germany ; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Göttingen Grisebachstr. 5, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yoon H Cho
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287 Avenue des Facultés, 33405, Talence Cedex, France ; University of Bordeaux 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33077, Bordeaux, France
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120
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Mutant α-synuclein enhances firing frequencies in dopamine substantia nigra neurons by oxidative impairment of A-type potassium channels. J Neurosci 2015; 34:13586-99. [PMID: 25297088 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5069-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is an α-synucleinopathy resulting in the preferential loss of highly vulnerable dopamine (DA) substantia nigra (SN) neurons. Mutations (e.g., A53T) in the α-synuclein gene (SNCA) are sufficient to cause PD, but the mechanism of their selective action on vulnerable DA SN neurons is unknown. In a mouse model overexpressing mutant α-synuclein (A53T-SNCA), we identified a SN-selective increase of in vivo firing frequencies in DA midbrain neurons, which was not observed in DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area. The selective and age-dependent gain-of-function phenotype of A53T-SCNA overexpressing DA SN neurons was in part mediated by an increase of their intrinsic pacemaker frequency caused by a redox-dependent impairment of A-type Kv4.3 potassium channels. This selective enhancement of "stressful pacemaking" of DA SN neurons in vivo defines a functional response to mutant α-synuclein that might be useful as a novel biomarker for the "DA system at risk" before the onset of neurodegeneration in PD.
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121
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Kim BW, Koppula S, Kumar H, Park JY, Kim IW, More SV, Kim IS, Han SD, Kim SK, Yoon SH, Choi DK. α-Asarone attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation by inhibiting NF kappa B activation and mitigates MPTP-induced behavioral deficits in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2015; 97:46-57. [PMID: 25983275 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with microglial activation. Therefore, the importance of early therapeutic intervention to inhibit microglial activation would be an effective strategy to alleviate the progression of PD. α-Asarone, an active compound found in Araceae and Annonaceae plant species has been used to improve various disease conditions including central nervous system disorders. In the present study the in vitro and in vivo therapeutic effects of α-asarone isolated from the rhizome of Acorus gramineus Solander was evaluated on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and neuroprotection. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells were used to evaluate in vitro effects. 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD was developed to study the neuroprotective effects of α-asarone in vivo. The results indicated that α-asarone significantly attenuated the LPS-stimulated increase in neuroinflammatory responses and suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine production in BV-2 cells. Mechanistic study revealed that α-asarone inhibited the LPS-stimulated activation via regulation of nuclear factor kappa-B by blocking degradation of inhibitor kappa B-alpha signaling in BV-2 microglial cells. In in vivo studies, MPTP intoxication to mice resulted in brain microglial activation and significant behavioral deficits. Prophylactic treatment with α-asarone suppressed microglial activation and attenuated PD-like behavioral impairments as assessed by the Y-maze and pole tests. Taken together, these data demonstrate that α-asarone is a promising neuroprotective agent that should be further evaluated and developed for future prevention and treatment of microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory conditions including PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Wook Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | - Il-Woung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea
| | - Sandeep V More
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea
| | - Sang-Don Han
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 380-704, South Korea
| | - Si-Kwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hwa Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea.
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122
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Zhang S, Xiao Q, Le W. Olfactory dysfunction and neurotransmitter disturbance in olfactory bulb of transgenic mice expressing human A53T mutant α-synuclein. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119928. [PMID: 25799501 PMCID: PMC4370499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease is a multi-system neurodegenerative disease characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms. Hyposmia is one of the early non-motor symptoms occurring in more than 90% of Parkinson disease cases, which can precede motor symptoms even several years. Up to now, the relationship between hyposmia and Parkinson disease remains elusive. Lack of proper animal models of hyposmia restricts the investigation. In this study we assessed olfactory function in Prp-A53T-α-synuclein transgenic (αSynA53T) mice which had been reported to show age-dependent motor impairments and intracytoplasmic inclusions. We also examined cholinergic and dopaminergic systems in olfactory bulb of αSynA53T mice by immunofluorescent staining, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and western blot. We found that compared to wild type littermates, αSynA53T mice at 6 months or older displayed a deficit of odor discrimination and odor detection. No significant changes were found in olfactory memory and odor habituation. Furthermore compared to wildtype littermates, in olfactory bulb of αSynA53T mice at 10 months old we detected a marked decrease of cholinergic neurons in mitral cell layer and a decrease of acetylcholinesterase activity, while dopaminergic neurons were found increased in glomerular layer, accompanied with an increase of tyrosine hydroxylase protein. Our studies indicate that αSynA53T mice have olfactory dysfunction before motor deficits occur, and the cholinergic and dopaminergic disturbance might be responsible for the Parkinson disease-related olfactory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufang Zhang
- Institute of Neurology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Institute of Neurology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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123
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Zheng CL, Wilmot B, Walter NA, Oberbeck D, Kawane S, Searles RP, McWeeney SK, Hitzemann R. Splicing landscape of the eight collaborative cross founder strains. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:52. [PMID: 25652416 PMCID: PMC4320832 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Collaborative Cross (CC) is a large panel of genetically diverse recombinant inbred mouse strains specifically designed to provide a systems genetics resource for the study of complex traits. In part, the utility of the CC stems from the extensive genome-wide annotations of founder strain sequence and structural variation. Still missing, however, are transcriptome-specific annotations of the CC founder strains that could further enhance the utility of this resource. Results We provide a comprehensive survey of the splicing landscape of the 8 CC founder strains by leveraging the high level of alternative splicing within the brain. Using deep transcriptome sequencing, we found that a majority of the splicing landscape is conserved among the 8 strains, with ~65% of junctions being shared by at least 2 strains. We, however, found a large number of potential strain-specific splicing events as well, with an average of ~3000 and ~500 with ≥3 and ≥10 sequence read coverage, respectively, within each strain. To better understand strain-specific splicing within the CC founder strains, we defined criteria for and identified high-confidence strain-specific splicing events. These splicing events were defined as exon-exon junctions 1) found within only one strain, 2) with a read coverage ≥10, and 3) defined by a canonical splice site. With these criteria, a total of 1509 high-confidence strain-specific splicing events were identified, with the majority found within two of the wild-derived strains, CAST and PWK. Strikingly, the overwhelming majority, 94%, of these strain-specific splicing events are not yet annotated. Strain-specific splicing was also located within genomic regions recently reported to be over- and under-represented within CC populations. Conclusions Phenotypic characterization of CC populations is increasing; thus these results will not only aid in further elucidating the transcriptomic architecture of the individual CC founder strains, but they will also help in guiding the utilization of the CC populations in the study of complex traits. This report is also the first to establish guidelines in defining and identifying strain-specific splicing across different mouse strains. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1267-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Zheng
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA. .,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
| | - Beth Wilmot
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA. .,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA. .,Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
| | - Nicole Ar Walter
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA. .,Portland Alcohol Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
| | - Denesa Oberbeck
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
| | - Sunita Kawane
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
| | - Robert P Searles
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
| | - Shannon K McWeeney
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA. .,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA. .,Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA. .,Department of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
| | - Robert Hitzemann
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA. .,Veterans Affairs Research Service, Portland, OR, USA.
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124
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The power of automated behavioural homecage technologies in characterizing disease progression in laboratory mice: A review. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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125
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Reply to Konsolaki and Skaliora: Habituation, hyperlocomotion, and "genuine hyperlocomotion". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E5. [PMID: 25540419 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1417574112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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126
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Du X, Pang TY. Is Dysregulation of the HPA-Axis a Core Pathophysiology Mediating Co-Morbid Depression in Neurodegenerative Diseases? Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:32. [PMID: 25806005 PMCID: PMC4353372 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of prodromal manifestation of neuropsychiatric symptoms in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). These affective symptoms may be observed many years before the core diagnostic symptoms of the neurological condition. It is becoming more apparent that depression is a significant modifying factor of the trajectory of disease progression and even treatment outcomes. It is therefore crucial that we understand the potential pathophysiologies related to the primary condition, which could contribute to the development of depression. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis is a key neuroendocrine signaling system involved in physiological homeostasis and stress response. Disturbances of this system lead to severe hormonal imbalances, and the majority of such patients also present with behavioral deficits and/or mood disorders. Dysregulation of the HPA-axis is also strongly implicated in the pathology of major depressive disorder. Consistent with this, antidepressant drugs, such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been shown to alter HPA-axis activity. In this review, we will summarize the current state of knowledge regarding HPA-axis pathology in Alzheimer's, PD and HD, differentiating between prodromal and later stages of disease progression when evidence is available. Both clinical and preclinical evidence will be examined, but we highlight animal model studies as being particularly useful for uncovering novel mechanisms of pathology related to co-morbid mood disorders. Finally, we purpose utilizing the preclinical evidence to better inform prospective, intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Mental Health Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Terence Y Pang
- Behavioural Neurosciences Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
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127
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Blesa J, Przedborski S. Parkinson's disease: animal models and dopaminergic cell vulnerability. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:155. [PMID: 25565980 PMCID: PMC4266040 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects about 1.5% of the global population over 65 years of age. A hallmark feature of PD is the degeneration of the dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the consequent striatal DA deficiency. Yet, the pathogenesis of PD remains unclear. Despite tremendous growth in recent years in our knowledge of the molecular basis of PD and the molecular pathways of cell death, important questions remain, such as: (1) why are SNc cells especially vulnerable; (2) which mechanisms underlie progressive SNc cell loss; and (3) what do Lewy bodies or α-synuclein reveal about disease progression. Understanding the variable vulnerability of the dopaminergic neurons from the midbrain and the mechanisms whereby pathology becomes widespread are some of the primary objectives of research in PD. Animal models are the best tools to study the pathogenesis of PD. The identification of PD-related genes has led to the development of genetic PD models as an alternative to the classical toxin-based ones, but does the dopaminergic neuronal loss in actual animal models adequately recapitulate that of the human disease? The selection of a particular animal model is very important for the specific goals of the different experiments. In this review, we provide a summary of our current knowledge about the different in vivo models of PD that are used in relation to the vulnerability of the dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Blesa
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA
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128
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Tanji K, Odagiri S, Miki Y, Maruyama A, Nikaido Y, Mimura J, Mori F, Warabi E, Yanagawa T, Ueno S, Itoh K, Wakabayashi K. p62 Deficiency Enhances α-Synuclein Pathology in Mice. Brain Pathol 2014; 25:552-64. [PMID: 25412696 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In Lewy body disease (LBD) such as dementia with LBs and Parkinson's disease, several lines of evidence show that disrupted proteolysis occurs. p62/SQSTM1 (p62) is highly involved with intracellular proteolysis and is a component of ubiquitin-positive inclusions in various neurodegenerative disorders. However, it is not clear whether p62 deficiency affects inclusion formation and abnormal protein accumulation. To answer this question, we used a mouse model of LBD that lacks p62, and found that LB-like inclusions were observed in transgenic mice that overexpressed α-synuclein (Tg mice) with or without the p62 protein. p62 deficiency enhanced α-synuclein pathology with regard to the number of inclusions and staining intensity compared with Tg mice that expressed p62. To further investigate the molecular mechanisms associated with the loss of p62 in Tg mice, we assessed the mRNA and protein levels of several molecules, and found that the neighbor of the brca1 gene (NBr1), which is functionally and structurally similar to p62, is increased in Tg mice without p62 compared with control Tg mice. These findings suggest that p62 and NBR1 affect the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases through the cooperative modulation of α-synuclein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunikazu Tanji
- Department of Neuropathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Saori Odagiri
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Cell Biology and Histology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miki
- Department of Neuropathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Maruyama
- Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nikaido
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Junsei Mimura
- Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Mori
- Department of Neuropathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Eiji Warabi
- Majors of Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toru Yanagawa
- Majors of Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinya Ueno
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Neuropathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Flores-Cuadrado A, Ubeda-Bañon I, Saiz-Sanchez D, de la Rosa-Prieto C, Martinez-Marcos A. α-Synuclein staging in the amygdala of a Parkinson's disease model: cell types involved. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 41:137-46. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Flores-Cuadrado
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración; Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real; Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda Moledores S/N 13005 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Isabel Ubeda-Bañon
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración; Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real; Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda Moledores S/N 13005 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Daniel Saiz-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración; Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real; Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda Moledores S/N 13005 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Carlos de la Rosa-Prieto
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración; Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real; Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda Moledores S/N 13005 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Alino Martinez-Marcos
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración; Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real; Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda Moledores S/N 13005 Ciudad Real Spain
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130
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Sukoff Rizzo SJ, Lotarski SM, Stolyar P, McNally T, Arturi C, Roos M, Finley JE, Reinhart V, Lanz TA. Behavioral characterization of striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) knockout mice. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2014; 13:643-52. [PMID: 25103464 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) has been described as a regulator of multiple kinases and glutamate receptor subunits critical for synaptic plasticity. Published behavioral and biochemical characterization from the founder line of STEP knockout (KO) mice revealed superior cognitive performance, with enhanced phosphorylation of substrates such as ERK, Fyn and GluN2B; suggesting that inhibitors of STEP may have potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. The objectives of this work aimed to replicate and extend the previously reported behavioral consequences of STEP knockout. Consistent with previous reported data, STEP KO mice demonstrated exploratory activity levels and similar motor coordination relative to WT littermate controls as well as intact memory in a Y-maze spatial novelty test. Interestingly, KO mice demonstrated deficits in pre-pulse inhibition as well as reduced seizure threshold relative to WT controls. Immunohistochemical staining of brains revealed the expected gene-dependent reduction in STEP protein confirming knockout in the mice. The present data confirm expression and localization of STEP and the absence in KO mice, and describe functional downstream implications of reducing STEP levels in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Sukoff Rizzo
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Research & Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
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131
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Lei P, Ayton S, Moon S, Zhang Q, Volitakis I, Finkelstein DI, Bush AI. Motor and cognitive deficits in aged tau knockout mice in two background strains. Mol Neurodegener 2014; 9:29. [PMID: 25124182 PMCID: PMC4141346 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-9-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We recently reported that Parkinsonian and dementia phenotypes emerge between 7-12 months of age in tau-/- mice on a Bl6/129sv mixed background. These observations were partially replicated by another group using pure Bl6 background tau-/- mice, but notably they did not observe a cognitive phenotype. A third group using Bl6 background tau-/- mice found cognitive impairment at 20-months of age. Results To reconcile the observations, here we considered the genetic, dietary and environmental variables in both studies, and performed an extended set of behavioral studies on 12-month old tau+/+, tau+/-, and tau-/- mice comparing Bl6/129sv to Bl6 backgrounds. We found that tau-/- in both backgrounds exhibited reduced tyrosine hydroxylase-positive nigral neuron and impaired motor function in all assays used, which was ameliorated by oral treatment with L-DOPA, and not confounded by changes in body weight. Tau-/- in the C57BL6/SV129 background exhibited deficits in the Y-maze cognition task, but the mice on the Bl6 background did not. Conclusions These results validate our previous report on the neurodegenerative phenotypes of aged tau-/- mice, and show that genetic background may impact the extent of cognitive impairment in these mice. Therefore excessive lowering of tau should be avoided in therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ashley I Bush
- Oxidation Biology Unit, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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132
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Deng H, Yuan L. Genetic variants and animal models in SNCA and Parkinson disease. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 15:161-76. [PMID: 24768741 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD; MIM 168600) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a variety of motor and non-motor features. To date, at least 20 loci and 15 disease-causing genes for parkinsonism have been identified. Among them, the α-synuclein (SNCA) gene was associated with PARK1/PARK4. Point mutations, duplications and triplications in the SNCA gene cause a rare dominant form of PD in familial and sporadic PD cases. The α-synuclein protein, a member of the synuclein family, is abundantly expressed in the brain. The protein is the major component of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in dopaminergic neurons in PD. Further understanding of its role in the pathogenesis of PD through various genetic techniques and animal models will likely provide new insights into our understanding, therapy and prevention of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 138, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China.
| | - Lamei Yuan
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 138, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
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133
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Canu N, Ciotti MT, Pollegioni L. Serine racemase: a key player in apoptosis and necrosis. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2014; 6:9. [PMID: 24795622 PMCID: PMC4000995 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2014.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A fine balance between cell survival and cell death is required to sculpt the nervous system during development. However, an excess of cell death can occur following trauma, exposure to neurotoxins or alcohol, and some developmental and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) support synaptic plasticity and survival of many neuronal populations whereas inappropriate activation may promote various forms of cell death, apoptosis, and necrosis representing the two extremes of a continuum of cell death processes both “in vitro” and “in vivo.” Hence, by identifying the switches controlling pro-survival vs. apoptosis and apoptosis vs. pro-excitotoxic outcome of NMDAR stimulation, NMDAR modulators could be developed that selectively block the cell death enhancing pro-survival signaling or synaptic plasticity mediated by NMDAR. Among these modulators, a role is emerging for the enzyme serine racemase (SR) that synthesizes D-serine, a key co-agonist with glutamate at NMDAR. This review summarizes the experimental evidence from “in vitro” neuronal cultures—with special emphasis on cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs)—and “in vivo” models of neurodegeneration, where the dual role of the SR/D-serine pathway as a master regulator of apoptosis and the apoptosis-necrosis shift will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Canu
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Roma Roma, Italy ; Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Ciotti
- Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Roma, Italy
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Varese, Italy ; Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Biotecnologie Proteiche "The Protein Factory," Politecnico di Milano, ICRM-CNR Milano and Università degli studi dell'Insubria Milano, Italy
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134
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Bétemps D, Verchère J, Brot S, Morignat E, Bousset L, Gaillard D, Lakhdar L, Melki R, Baron T. Alpha-synuclein spreading in M83 mice brain revealed by detection of pathological α-synuclein by enhanced ELISA. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:29. [PMID: 24624994 PMCID: PMC4007641 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-2-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The accumulation of misfolded proteins appears as a fundamental pathogenic process in human neurodegenerative diseases. In the case of synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), the intraneuronal deposition of aggregated alpha-synuclein (αS) is a major characteristic of the disease, but the molecular basis distinguishing the disease-associated protein (αSD) from its normal counterpart remains poorly understood. However, recent research suggests that a prion-like mechanism could be involved in the inter-cellular and inter-molecular propagation of aggregation of the protein within the nervous system. Results Our data confirm our previous observations of disease acceleration in a transgenic mouse line (M83) overexpressing a mutated (A53T) form of human αS, following inoculation of either brain extracts from sick M83 mice or fibrillar recombinant αS. A similar phenomenon is observed following a “second passage” in the M83 mouse model, including after stereotactic inoculations into the hippocampus or cerebellum. For further molecular analyses of αSD, we designed an ELISA test that identifies αSD specifically in sick mice and in the brain regions targeted by the pathological process in this mouse model. αSD distribution, mainly in the caudal brain regions and spinal cord, overall appears remarkably uniform, whatever the conditions of experimental challenge. In addition to specific detection of αSD immunoreactivity using an antibody against Ser129 phosphorylated αS, similar results were observed in ELISA with several other antibodies against the C-terminal part of αS, including an antibody against non phosphorylated αS. This also indicated consistent immunoreactivity of the murine αS protein specifically in the affected brain regions of sick mice. Conclusions Prion-like behaviour in propagation of the disease-associated αS was confirmed with the M83 transgenic mouse model, that could be followed by an ELISA test. The ELISA data question their possible relationship with the conformational differences between the disease-associated αS and its normal counterpart.
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135
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Shen W, Henry AG, Paumier KL, Li L, Mou K, Dunlop J, Berger Z, Hirst WD. Inhibition of glucosylceramide synthase stimulates autophagy flux in neurons. J Neurochem 2014; 129:884-94. [PMID: 24494600 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Aggregate-prone mutant proteins, such as α-synuclein and huntingtin, play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders; thus, it has been hypothesized that reducing the aggregate-prone proteins may be a beneficial therapeutic strategy for these neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we identified two previously described glucosylceramide (GlcCer) synthase inhibitors, DL-threo-1-Phenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol and Genz-123346(Genz), as enhancers of autophagy flux. We also demonstrate that GlcCer synthase inhibitors exert their effects on autophagy by inhibiting AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. More importantly, siRNA knock down of GlcCer synthase had the similar effect as pharmacological inhibition, confirming the on-target effect. In addition, we discovered that inhibition of GlcCer synthase increased the number and size of lysosomal/late endosomal structures. Although inhibition of GlcCer synthase decreases levels of mutant α-synuclein in neurons, it does so, according to our data, through autophagy-independent mechanisms. Our findings demonstrate a direct link between glycosphingolipid biosynthesis and autophagy in primary neurons, which may represent a novel pathway with potential therapeutic value for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Inhibition of GlcCer synthase enhances autophagy by inhibiting AKT-mTOR signaling, and increases the number and size of lysosomal/late endosomal structures. Furthermore, inhibition of GlcCer synthase decreased levels of mutant α-synuclein in neurons, which may represent a potential therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- Pfizer Neuroscience Research Unit, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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136
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Jirkof P. Burrowing and nest building behavior as indicators of well-being in mice. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 234:139-46. [PMID: 24525328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of pain, distress and suffering, as well as evaluation of the efficacy of stress-reduction strategies, is crucial in animal experimentation but can be challenging in laboratory mice. Nest building and burrowing performance, observed in the home cage, have proved to be valuable and easy-to-use tools to assess brain damage or malfunction as well as neurodegenerative diseases. Both behaviors are used as parameters in models of psychiatric disorders or to monitor sickness behavior following infection. Their use has been proposed in more realistic and clinically relevant preclinical models of disease, and reduction of these behaviors seems to be especially useful as an early sign of dysfunction and to monitor disease progression. Finally, both behaviors are reduced by pain and stress. Therefore, in combination with specific disease markers, changes in nest building and burrowing performance may help provide a global picture of a mouse's state, and thus aid monitoring to ensure well-being in animal experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulin Jirkof
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Sternwartstr. 6, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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137
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Hatami A, Chesselet MF. Transgenic rodent models to study alpha-synuclein pathogenesis, with a focus on cognitive deficits. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2014; 22:303-30. [PMID: 25218491 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2014_355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) has been implicated in a number of degenerative diseases collectively termed synucleinopathies. Although most cases of synucleinopathies are idiopathic in nature, there are familial cases of these diseases that are due to mutations or multiplications of the gene coding for aSyn. Two of the most common synucleinopathies are Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Both of these diseases present with cognitive deficits, though with different clinical and temporal features. In PD, cognitive deficits are subtle, may occur before the onset of the classical motor symptoms, and only occasionally lead to dementia in the later stages of the disease. In contrast, dementia is the dominating feature of DLB from the disease onset. The impact of aSyn pathology on the development of neurobiological and behavioral impairments can be investigated using rodent models. There are currently several lines of transgenic mice overexpressing wild-type or mutated aSyn under various promoters. This review will provide an updated synopsis of the mouse lines available, summarize their cognitive deficits, and reflect on how deficits observed in these mice relate to the disease process in humans. In addition, we will review mouse lines where knockout strategies have been applied to study the effects of aSyn on various cognitive tasks and comment on how these lines have been used in combination with other transgenic strains, or with human aSyn overexpression by viral vectors. Finally, we will discuss the recent advent of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic models of PD and their effectiveness in modeling cognitive decline in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa Hatami
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA,
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138
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Brodkin J, Frank D, Grippo R, Hausfater M, Gulinello M, Achterholt N, Gutzen C. Validation and implementation of a novel high-throughput behavioral phenotyping instrument for mice. J Neurosci Methods 2013; 224:48-57. [PMID: 24384067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral assessment of mutant mouse models and novel candidate drugs is a slow and labor intensive process. This limitation produces a significant impediment to CNS drug discovery. NEW METHOD By combining video and vibration analysis we created an automated system that provides the most detailed description of mouse behavior available. Our system (The Behavioral Spectrometer) allowed for the rapid assessment of behavioral abnormalities in the BTBR model of Autism, the restraint model of stress and the irritant model of inflammatory pain. RESULTS We found that each model produced a unique alteration of the spectrum of behavior emitted by the mice. BTBR mice engaged in more grooming and less rearing behaviors. Prior restraint stress produced dramatic increases in grooming activity at the expense of locomotor behavior. Pain produced profound decreases in emitted behavior that were reversible with analgesic treatment. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) We evaluated our system through a direct comparison on the same subjects with the current "gold standard" of human observation of video recordings. Using the same mice evaluated over the same range of behaviors, the Behavioral Spectrometer produced a quantitative categorization of behavior that was highly correlated with the scores produced by trained human observers (r=0.97). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that this new system is a highly valid and sensitive method to characterize behavioral effects in mice. As a fully automated and easily scalable instrument the Behavioral Spectrometer represents a high-throughput behavioral tool that reduces the time and labor involved in behavioral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Brodkin
- Behavioral Instruments, 5 Jill Court Unit 1, Hillsborough, NJ 08844, United States.
| | - Dana Frank
- Behavioral Instruments, 5 Jill Court Unit 1, Hillsborough, NJ 08844, United States
| | - Ryan Grippo
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Michal Hausfater
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Maria Gulinello
- Behavioral Core Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Center, RM 925, 1410 Pelham Pkwy S., Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Nils Achterholt
- BIOBSERVE GmbH, Siegburger Str. 35, 53757 St. Augustin, Germany
| | - Christian Gutzen
- BIOBSERVE GmbH, Siegburger Str. 35, 53757 St. Augustin, Germany.
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