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Goverse G, Molenaar R, Macia L, Tan J, Erkelens MN, Konijn T, Knippenberg M, Cook ECL, Hanekamp D, Veldhoen M, Hartog A, Roeselers G, Mackay CR, Mebius RE. Diet-Derived Short Chain Fatty Acids Stimulate Intestinal Epithelial Cells To Induce Mucosal Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2172-2181. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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102
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Gao R, Gao Z, Huang L, Qin H. Gut microbiota and colorectal cancer. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:757-769. [PMID: 28063002 PMCID: PMC5395603 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is considered as a forgotten organ in human health and disease. It maintains gut homeostasis by various complex mechanisms. However, disruption of the gut microbiota has been confirmed to be related to gastrointestinal diseases such as colorectal cancer, as well as remote organs in many studies. Colorectal cancer is a multi-factorial and multi-stage involved disorder. The role for microorganisms that initiate and facilitate the process of colorectal cancer has become clear. The candidate pathogens have been identified by culture and next sequencing technology. Persuasive models have also been proposed to illustrate the complicated and dynamic time and spatial change in the carcinogenesis. Related key molecules have also been investigated to demonstrate the pathways crucial for the development of colorectal cancer. In addition, risk factors that contribute to the tumorigenesis can also be modulated to decrease the susceptibility for certain population. In addition, the results of basic studies have also translated to clinical application, which displayed a critical value for the diagnosis and therapy of colorectal cancer. In this review, we not only emphasize the exploration of the mechanisms, but also potential clinical practice implication in this microbiota era.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gao
- Tongji University School of Medicine affiliated Tenth People's Hospital, No.301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Z Gao
- Tongji University School of Medicine affiliated Tenth People's Hospital, No.301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - L Huang
- Tongji University School of Medicine affiliated Tenth People's Hospital, No.301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - H Qin
- Tongji University School of Medicine affiliated Tenth People's Hospital, No.301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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103
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Yang MS, Zhou M. Relationship between intestinal flora microenvironment and colorectal cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:4759-4765. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i36.4759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal flora is a hot research topic. Studies suggest that intestinal flora is associated with the development of metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, neurological disorders, cognitive and behavioral disorders, cancer and so on. In this paper, we retrieved and analyzed the literature published in the past ten years which studied the relationship between microbiota microenvironment and colorectal cancer. We discuss the definitions of intestinal flora, microbiota microenvironment and colorectal cancer, the composition of intestinal flora, imbalance of intestinal flora, correlation between microbiota microenvironment and colorectal cancer, and the pathophysiology of colorectal cancer associated with microbiota microenvironment, with an aim to reveal the role of intestinal flora microenvironment in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, and to provide ideas and clues for the development of new intestinal flora-targeted approaches for prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.
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104
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Structural Change in Microbiota by a Probiotic Cocktail Enhances the Gut Barrier and Reduces Cancer via TLR2 Signaling in a Rat Model of Colon Cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:2908-2920. [PMID: 27384052 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural change in the gut microbiota is implicated in cancer. The beneficial modulation of the microbiota composition with probiotics and prebiotics prevents diseases. AIM We investigated the effect of oligofructose-maltodextrin-enriched Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacteria bifidum, and Bifidobacteria infantum (LBB), on the gut microbiota composition and progression of colorectal cancer. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were acclimatized, given ampicillin (75 mg/kg), and treated as follows; GCO: normal control; GPR: LBB only; GPC: LBB+ 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH); and GCA: DMH only (cancer control). 16S V4 Pyrosequencing for gut microbiota analysis, tumor studies, and the expression of MUC2, ZO-1, occludin, TLR2, TLR4, caspase 3, COX-2, and β-catenin were conducted at the end of experiment. RESULTS Probiotic LBB treatment altered the gut microbiota. The relative abundance of genera Pseudomonas, Congregibacter, Clostridium, Candidactus spp., Phaeobacter, Escherichia, Helicobacter, and HTCC was decreased (P < 0.05), but the genus Lactobacillus increased (P < 0.05), in LBB treatment than in cancer control. The altered gut microbiota was associated with decreased tumor incidence (80 % in GPC vs. 100 % in GCA, P = 0.0001), tumor volume (GPC 84.23 (42.75-188.4) mm(3) vs. GCA 243 (175.5-344.5) mm(3), P < 0.0001) and tumor multiplicity/count (GPC 2.92 ± 0.26 vs. GCA 6.27 ± 0.41; P < 0.0001). The expression of MUC2, ZO-1, occludin, and TLR2 was increased, but expression of TLR4, caspase 3, Cox-2, and β-catenin was decreased by LBB treatment than in cancer control GCA (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Administration of LBB modulates the gut microbiota and reduces colon cancer development by decreasing tumor incidence, multiplicity/count, and volume via enhanced TLR2-improved gut mucosa epithelial barrier integrity and suppression of apoptosis and inflammation.
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105
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Current Hypothesis for the Relationship between Dietary Rice Bran Intake, the Intestinal Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer Prevention. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8090569. [PMID: 27649240 PMCID: PMC5037554 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common form of cancer. The development of effective chemopreventive strategies to reduce CRC incidence is therefore of paramount importance. Over the past decade, research has indicated the potential of rice bran, a byproduct of rice milling, in CRC chemoprevention. This was recently suggested to be partly attributable to modification in the composition of intestinal microbiota when rice bran was ingested. Indeed, previous studies have reported changes in the population size of certain bacterial species, or microbial dysbiosis, in the intestines of CRC patients and animal models. Rice bran intake was shown to reverse such changes through the manipulation of the population of health-promoting bacteria in the intestine. The present review first provides an overview of evidence on the link between microbial dysbiosis and CRC carcinogenesis and describes the molecular events associated with that link. Thereafter, there is a summary of current data on the effect of rice bran intake on the composition of intestinal microbiota in human and animal models. The article also highlights the need for further studies on the inter-relationship between rice bran intake, the composition of intestinal microbiota and CRC prevention.
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106
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Dzidic M, Abrahamsson TR, Artacho A, Björkstén B, Collado MC, Mira A, Jenmalm MC. Aberrant IgA responses to the gut microbiota during infancy precede asthma and allergy development. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:1017-1025.e14. [PMID: 27531072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a reduced gut microbiota diversity and low mucosal total IgA levels in infancy have been associated with allergy development, IgA responses to the gut microbiota have not yet been studied. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the proportions of IgA coating together with the characterization of the dominant bacteria, bound to IgA or not, in infant stool samples in relation to allergy development. METHODS A combination of flow cytometric cell sorting and deep sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene was used to characterize the bacterial recognition patterns by IgA in stool samples collected at 1 and 12 months of age from children staying healthy or having allergic symptoms up to 7 years of age. RESULTS The children with allergic manifestations, particularly asthma, during childhood had a lower proportion of IgA bound to fecal bacteria at 12 months of age compared with healthy children. These alterations cannot be attributed to differences in IgA levels or bacterial load between the 2 groups. Moreover, the bacterial targets of early IgA responses (including coating of the Bacteroides genus), as well as IgA recognition patterns, differed between healthy children and children with allergic manifestations. Altered IgA recognition patterns in children with allergy were observed already at 1 month of age, when the IgA antibodies are predominantly maternally derived in breast-fed children. CONCLUSION An aberrant IgA responsiveness to the gut microbiota during infancy precedes asthma and allergy development, possibly indicating an impaired mucosal barrier function in allergic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majda Dzidic
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Health and Genomics, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology, Unit of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas R Abrahamsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Paediatrics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Department of Health and Genomics, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bengt Björkstén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology, Unit of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Maria C Jenmalm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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107
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Gamallat Y, Meyiah A, Kuugbee ED, Hago AM, Chiwala G, Awadasseid A, Bamba D, Zhang X, Shang X, Luo F, Xin Y. Lactobacillus rhamnosus induced epithelial cell apoptosis, ameliorates inflammation and prevents colon cancer development in an animal model. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:536-541. [PMID: 27447122 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Probiotics have been suggested as prophylactic measure in colon carcinogenesis. This study aimed at determining the potential prophylactic activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG CGMCC 1.2134 (LGG) strain on colorectal carcinogenesis via measuring its effect on Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) inflammatory pathway and apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 64 Sprague Dawley rats were grouped into four as follows; Group 1 (Healthy control), Group 2 (LGG), Group 3 (cancer control Dimethyl hydrazine (DMH)) and Group 4 (LGG+DMH). LGG was administered orally to LGG and LGG+DMH groups. Colon carcinogenesis was chemically induced in LGG+DMH and DMH groups by weekly injection of 40mg/kg DMH. Animals were sacrificed after 25 weeks of experiment and tumor characteristics assessed. The change in expression of NFκB-p65, COX-2, TNFα, Bcl-2, Bax, iNOS, VEGFα, β-catenin, Casp3 and p53 were evaluated by western blotting and qRT-PCR. RESULTS LGG treatment significantly reduced tumor incidence, multiplicity and volume in LGG+DMH treatment group compared to DMH cancer control group. Also, LGG treatment reduced the expression of β-catenin and the inflammatory proteins NFκB-p65, COX-2 and TNFα; the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, but increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, casp3 and p53 compared with DMH group. CONCLUSION LGG have a potential protection effect against colon carcinogenesis; inducing apoptosis and ameliorating inflammation, and may hold a promise as bio-therapeutic dietary agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Gamallat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Abdo Meyiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Eugene D Kuugbee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ahmed Musa Hago
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Gift Chiwala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Annoor Awadasseid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Djibril Bamba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xueqi Shang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Fuwen Luo
- Department of Acute abdominal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China.
| | - Yi Xin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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108
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Nakanishi M, Chen Y, Qendro V, Miyamoto S, Weinstock E, Weinstock GM, Rosenberg DW. Effects of Walnut Consumption on Colon Carcinogenesis and Microbial Community Structure. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:692-703. [PMID: 27215566 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Walnuts are composed of a complex array of biologically active constituents with individual cancer-protective properties. Here, we assessed the potential benefit of whole walnut consumption in a mouse tumor bioassay using azoxymethane. In study 1, a modest reduction (1.3-fold) in tumor numbers was observed in mice fed a standard diet (AIN-76A) containing 9.4% walnuts (15% of total fat). In study 2, the effects of walnut supplementation was tested in the Total Western Diet (TWD). There was a significant reduction (2.3-fold; P < 0.02) in tumor numbers in male mice fed TWD containing 7% walnuts (10.5% of total fat). Higher concentrations of walnuts lacked inhibitory effects, particularly in female mice, indicating there may be optimal levels of dietary walnut intake for cancer prevention. Since components of the Mediterranean diet have been shown to affect the gut microbiome, the effects of walnuts were therefore tested in fecal samples using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Carcinogen treatment reduced the diversity and richness of the gut microbiome, especially in male mice, which exhibited lower variability and greater sensitivity to environmental changes. Analysis of individual operational taxonomic units (OTU) identified specific groups of bacteria associated with carcinogen exposure, walnut consumption, and/or both variables. Correlation analysis also identified specific OTU clades that were strongly associated with the presence and number of tumors. Taken together, our results indicate that walnuts afford partial protection to the colon against a potent carcinogenic insult, and this may be due, in part, to walnut-induced changes to the gut microbiome. Cancer Prev Res; 9(8); 692-703. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Nakanishi
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Yanfei Chen
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut. State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Veneta Qendro
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Shingo Miyamoto
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Erica Weinstock
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
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109
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Zhu Y, Lin X, Li H, Li Y, Shi X, Zhao F, Xu X, Li C, Zhou G. Intake of Meat Proteins Substantially Increased the Relative Abundance of Genus Lactobacillus in Rat Feces. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152678. [PMID: 27042829 PMCID: PMC4820228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet has been shown to have a critical influence on gut bacteria and host health, and high levels of red meat in diet have been shown to increase colonic DNA damage and thus be harmful to gut health. However, previous studies focused more on the effects of meat than of meat proteins. In order to investigate whether intake of meat proteins affects the composition and metabolic activities of gut microbiota, feces were collected from growing rats that were fed with either meat proteins (from beef, pork or fish) or non-meat proteins (casein or soy) for 14 days. The resulting composition of gut microbiota was profiled by sequencing the V4-V5 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA genes and the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed using gas chromatography. The composition of gut microbiota and SCFA levels were significantly different between the five diet groups. At a recommended dose of 20% protein in the diet, meat protein-fed rats had a higher relative abundance of the beneficial genus Lactobacillus, but lower levels of SCFAs and SCFA-producing bacteria including Fusobacterium, Bacteroides and Prevotella, compared with the soy protein-fed group. Further work is needed on the regulatory pathways linking dietary protein intake to gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Jiang Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xisha Lin
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Jiang Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - He Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Jiang Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yingqiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Jiang Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xuebin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Jiang Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Jiang Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Jiang Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Chunbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Jiang Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (GZ); (CL)
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Jiang Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (GZ); (CL)
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110
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Kim E, Kim DB, Park JY. Changes of Mouse Gut Microbiota Diversity and Composition by Modulating Dietary Protein and Carbohydrate Contents: A Pilot Study. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2016; 21:57-61. [PMID: 27069907 PMCID: PMC4827636 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2016.21.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary proteins influence colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, depending on their quantity and quality. Here, using pyrosequencing, we compared the fecal microbiota composition in Balb/c mice fed either a normal protein/carbohydrate diet (ND, 20% casein and 68% carbohydrate) or a high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet (HPLCD, 30% casein and 57% carbohydrate). The results showed that HPLCD feeding for 2 weeks reduced the diversity and altered the composition of the microbiota compared with the ND mice, which included a decrease in the proportion of the family Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae and increases in the proportions of the genus Bacteroides and Parabacteroides, especially the species EF09600_s and EF604598_s. Similar changes were reported in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and in mouse models of CRC and colitis, respectively. This suggests that HPLCD may lead to a deleterious luminal environment and may have adverse effects on the intestinal health of individuals consuming such a diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk 38430, Korea
| | - Dan-Bi Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk 38430, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk 38430, Korea
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111
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Understanding the Impact of Omega-3 Rich Diet on the Gut Microbiota. Case Rep Med 2016; 2016:3089303. [PMID: 27065349 PMCID: PMC4808672 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3089303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Recently, the importance of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of several disorders has gained clinical interests. Among exogenous factors affecting gut microbiome, diet appears to have the largest effect. Fatty acids, especially omega-3 polyunsaturated, ameliorate a range of several diseases, including cardiometabolic and inflammatory and cancer. Fatty acids associated beneficial effects may be mediated, to an important extent, through changes in gut microbiota composition. We sought to understand the changes of the gut microbiota in response to an omega-3 rich diet. Case Presentation. This case study investigated changes of gut microbiota with an omega-3 rich diet. Fecal samples were collected from a 45-year-old male who consumed 600 mg of omega-3 daily for 14 days. After the intervention, species diversity was decreased, but several butyrate-producing bacteria increased. There was an important decrease in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia spp. Gut microbiota changes were reverted after the 14-day washout. Conclusion. Some of the health-related benefits of omega-3 may be due, in part, to increases in butyrate-producing bacteria. These findings may shed light on the mechanisms explaining the effects of omega-3 in several chronic diseases and may also serve as an existing foundation for tailoring personalized medical treatments.
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112
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Tajaddini A, Pourzand A, Sanaat Z, Pirouzpanah S. Dietary resistant starch contained foods and breast cancer risk: a case-control study in northwest of Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:4185-92. [PMID: 26028070 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.10.4185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A protective effect of resistant starch (RS) containing foods on carcinogenesis has been shown from several lines of experimental evidence for gastrointestinal cancers. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between RS contained foods and breast cancer (BC) risk in a hospital-based, age- and origin- matched, case-control study. MATERIALS AND METHODS A validated, semi-quantitative, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was completed by 306 women newly diagnosed with BC aged 25 to 65 years, and 309 healthy women as matched controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS Reduced BC risk was associated with the highest tertile of whole-wheat bread and boiled potato consumption with adjusted ORs at 0.34 (95%CI: 0.19-0.59) and 0.61 (95%CI: 0.37- 0.99), respectively. Among consumers of whole-wheat bread consumers were considered, the protective role of cereals remained relatively apparent at higher intakes level of fiber rich breads at adjusted models (OR=0.53, 95%CI: 0.28-1.01). Moreover, high intake of legumes was found out to be a significant protective dietary factor against risk of BC development with an OR of 0.01 (95%CI: 0.03-0.13). However, consumption of white bread and biscuits was positively related to BC risk. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that certain RS containing foods, in particular whole wheat bread, legumes and boiled potato may reduce BC risk, whereas higher intake of white bread and biscuits may be related to increased BC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynaz Tajaddini
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran E-mail : ,
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113
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Hu Y, Le Leu RK, Christophersen CT, Somashekar R, Conlon MA, Meng XQ, Winter JM, Woodman RJ, McKinnon R, Young GP. Manipulation of the gut microbiota using resistant starch is associated with protection against colitis-associated colorectal cancer in rats. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:366-375. [PMID: 26905582 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated whether dietary resistant starch (RS) and green tea extract (GTE), which have anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, protect against colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) using a rat model, also investigated potential mechanisms of action of these agents including their effects on the gut microbiota. Rats were fed a control diet or diets containing 10% RS, 0.5% GTE or a combination of the two (RS + GTE). CAC was initiated with 2 weekly azoxymethane (AOM) injections (10mg/kg) followed by 2% dextran sodium sulphate in drinking water for 7 days after 2 weeks on diets. Rats were killed 20 weeks after the first AOM. Colon tissues and tumours were examined for histopathology by H&E, gene/protein expression by PCR and immunohistochemistry and digesta for analyses of fermentation products and microbiota populations. RS and RS + GTE (but not GTE) diets significantly (P< 0.05) decreased tumour multiplicity and adenocarcinoma formation, relative to the control diet. Effects of RS + GTE were not different from RS alone. RS diet caused significant shifts in microbial composition/diversity, with increases in Parabacteroides, Barnesiella, Ruminococcus, Marvinbryantia and Bifidobacterium as primary contributors to the shift. RS-containing diets increased short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and expression of the SCFA receptor GPR43 mRNA, and reduced inflammation (COX-2, NF-kB, TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA) and cell proliferation P< 0.05. GTE had no effect. This is the first study that demonstrates chemopreventive effects of RS (but not GTE) in a rodent CAC model, suggesting RS might have benefit to patients with ulcerative colitis who are at an increased risk of developing CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer , Flinders University of South Australia , Bedford Park , South Australia , Australia
| | - Richard K Le Leu
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Claus T Christophersen
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia, and
| | - Roshini Somashekar
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer , Flinders University of South Australia , Bedford Park , South Australia , Australia
| | - Michael A Conlon
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Xing Q Meng
- Biostatistics, Flinders Prevention, Promotion and Primary Health Care , General Practice , Flinders University of South Australia , Bedford Park , South Australia , Australia
| | - Jean M Winter
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer , Flinders University of South Australia , Bedford Park , South Australia , Australia
| | - Richard J Woodman
- Biostatistics, Flinders Prevention, Promotion and Primary Health Care , General Practice , Flinders University of South Australia , Bedford Park , South Australia , Australia
| | - Ross McKinnon
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer , Flinders University of South Australia , Bedford Park , South Australia , Australia
| | - Graeme P Young
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer , Flinders University of South Australia , Bedford Park , South Australia , Australia
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Cassmann E, White R, Atherly T, Wang C, Sun Y, Khoda S, Mosher C, Ackermann M, Jergens A. Alterations of the Ileal and Colonic Mucosal Microbiota in Canine Chronic Enteropathies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147321. [PMID: 26840462 PMCID: PMC4740465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The intestinal microbiota is increasingly linked to the pathogenesis of chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. While imbalances in duodenal and fecal microbial communities have been associated with mucosal inflammation, relatively little is known about alterations in mucosal bacteria seen with CE involving the ileum and colon. Aim To investigate the composition and spatial organization of mucosal microbiota in dogs with CE and controls. Methods Tissue sections from endoscopic biopsies of the ileum and colon from 19 dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 6 dogs with granulomatous colitis (GC), 12 dogs with intestinal neoplasia, and 15 controls were studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on a quantifiable basis. Results The ileal and colonic mucosa of healthy dogs and dogs with CE is predominantly colonized by bacteria localized to free and adherent mucus compartments. CE dogs harbored more (P < 0.05) mucosal bacteria belonging to the Clostridium-coccoides/Eubacterium rectale group, Bacteroides, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia coli versus controls. Within the CE group, IBD dogs had increased (P < 0.05) Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli bacteria attached onto surface epithelia or invading within the intestinal mucosa. Bacterial invasion with E. coli was observed in the ileal and colonic mucosa of dogs with GC (P < 0.05). Dogs with intestinal neoplasia had increased (P < 0.05) adherent (total bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli) and invasive (Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli, and Bacteroides) bacteria in biopsy specimens. Increased numbers of total bacteria adherent to the colonic mucosa were associated with clinical disease severity in IBD dogs (P < 0.05). Conclusion Pathogenic events in canine CE are associated with different populations of the ileal and colonic mucosal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Cassmann
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Robin White
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | | | - Chong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Yaxuan Sun
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Samir Khoda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Curtis Mosher
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Mark Ackermann
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Albert Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Marchesi JR, Adams DH, Fava F, Hermes GDA, Hirschfield GM, Hold G, Quraishi MN, Kinross J, Smidt H, Tuohy KM, Thomas LV, Zoetendal EG, Hart A. The gut microbiota and host health: a new clinical frontier. Gut 2016; 65:330-9. [PMID: 26338727 PMCID: PMC4752653 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1385] [Impact Index Per Article: 173.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 10-15 years, our understanding of the composition and functions of the human gut microbiota has increased exponentially. To a large extent, this has been due to new 'omic' technologies that have facilitated large-scale analysis of the genetic and metabolic profile of this microbial community, revealing it to be comparable in influence to a new organ in the body and offering the possibility of a new route for therapeutic intervention. Moreover, it might be more accurate to think of it like an immune system: a collection of cells that work in unison with the host and that can promote health but sometimes initiate disease. This review gives an update on the current knowledge in the area of gut disorders, in particular metabolic syndrome and obesity-related disease, liver disease, IBD and colorectal cancer. The potential of manipulating the gut microbiota in these disorders is assessed, with an examination of the latest and most relevant evidence relating to antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, polyphenols and faecal microbiota transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian R Marchesi
- School of Biosciences, Museum Avenue, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK,Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David H Adams
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Francesca Fava
- Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Group, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Trento, Italy
| | - Gerben D A Hermes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands,Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gideon M Hirschfield
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Georgina Hold
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mohammed Nabil Quraishi
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - James Kinross
- Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kieran M Tuohy
- Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Group, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands,Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ailsa Hart
- IBD Unit, St Mark's Hospital and Imperial College London, London, UK
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116
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Huang Q, Wen J, Chen G, Ge M, Gao Y, Ye X, Liu C, Cai C. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Inhibited Tumor Growth via Preventing the Decrease of Genomic DNA Methylation in Colorectal Cancer Rats. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:113-9. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1115526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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117
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Liang X, Bittinger K, Li X, Abernethy DR, Bushman FD, FitzGerald GA. Bidirectional interactions between indomethacin and the murine intestinal microbiota. eLife 2015; 4:e08973. [PMID: 26701907 PMCID: PMC4755745 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate gut microbiota have been implicated in the metabolism of xenobiotic compounds, motivating studies of microbe-driven metabolism of clinically important drugs. Here, we studied interactions between the microbiota and indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenases (COX) -1 and -2. Indomethacin was tested in both acute and chronic exposure models in mice at clinically relevant doses, which suppressed production of COX-1- and COX-2-derived prostaglandins and caused small intestinal (SI) damage. Deep sequencing analysis showed that indomethacin exposure was associated with alterations in the structure of the intestinal microbiota in both dosing models. Perturbation of the intestinal microbiome by antibiotic treatment altered indomethacin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, which is probably the result of reduced bacterial β-glucuronidase activity. Humans show considerable inter-individual differences in their microbiota and their responses to indomethacin - thus, the drug-microbe interactions described here provide candidate mediators of individualized drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Xuanwen Li
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Darrell R Abernethy
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, United States
| | - Frederic D Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
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118
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Kaakoush NO. Insights into the Role of Erysipelotrichaceae in the Human Host. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:84. [PMID: 26636046 PMCID: PMC4653637 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
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119
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Babickova J, Gardlik R. Pathological and therapeutic interactions between bacteriophages, microbes and the host in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11321-11330. [PMID: 26525290 PMCID: PMC4616208 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i40.11321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome is a dynamic system of interactions between the host and its microbes. Under physiological conditions, a fine balance and mutually beneficial relationship is present. Disruption of this balance is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Whether an altered microbiome is the consequence or the cause of IBD is currently not fully understood. The pathogenesis of IBD is believed to be a complex interaction between genetic predisposition, the immune system and environmental factors. In the recent years, metagenomic studies of the human microbiome have provided useful data that are helping to assemble the IBD puzzle. In this review, we summarize and discuss current knowledge on the composition of the intestinal microbiota in IBD, host-microbe interactions and therapeutic possibilities using bacteria in IBD. Moreover, an outlook on the possible contribution of bacteriophages in the pathogenesis and therapy of IBD is provided.
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120
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Cipe G, Idiz UO, Firat D, Bektasoglu H. Relationship between intestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2015; 7:233-240. [PMID: 26483877 PMCID: PMC4606177 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v7.i10.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract hosts a complex and vast microbial community with up to 1011-1012 microorganisms colonizing the colon. The gut microbiota has a serious effect on homeostasis and pathogenesis through a number of mechanisms. In recent years, the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and sporadic colorectal cancer has attracted much scientific interest. Mechanisms underlying colonic carcinogenesis include the conversion of procarcinogenic diet-related factors to carcinogens and the stimulation of procarcinogenic signaling pathways in luminal epithelial cells. Understanding each of these mechanisms will facilitate future studies, leading to the development of novel strategies for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of colorectal cancer. In this review, we discuss the relationship between colorectal cancer and the intestinal microbiota.
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121
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Zhu Y, Lin X, Zhao F, Shi X, Li H, Li Y, Zhu W, Xu X, Li C, Zhou G. Meat, dairy and plant proteins alter bacterial composition of rat gut bacteria. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15220. [PMID: 26463271 PMCID: PMC4604471 DOI: 10.1038/srep15220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term consumption of red meat has been considered a potential risk to gut health, but this is based on clinic investigations, excessive intake of fat, heme and some injurious compounds formed during cooking or additions to processed meat products. Whether intake of red meat protein affects gut bacteria and the health of the host remains unclear. In this work, we compared the composition of gut bacteria in the caecum, by sequencing the V4-V5 region of 16S ribosomal RNA gene, obtained from rats fed with proteins from red meat (beef and pork), white meat (chicken and fish) and other sources (casein and soy). The results showed significant differences in profiles of gut bacteria between the six diet groups. Rats fed with meat proteins had a similar overall structure of caecal bacterial communities separated from those fed non-meat proteins. The beneficial genus Lactobacillus was higher in the white meat than in the red meat or non-meat protein groups. Also, rats fed with meat proteins and casein had significantly lower levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding proteins, suggesting that the intake of meat proteins may maintain a more balanced composition of gut bacteria, thereby reducing the antigen load and inflammatory response in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Jiang Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xisha Lin
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Jiang Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Jiang Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xuebin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Jiang Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - He Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Jiang Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yingqiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Jiang Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology Joint Research Center; Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Jiang Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Chunbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Jiang Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Jiang Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
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Kan H, Zhao F, Zhang XX, Ren H, Gao S. Correlations of Gut Microbial Community Shift with Hepatic Damage and Growth Inhibition of Carassius auratus Induced by Pentachlorophenol Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:11894-11902. [PMID: 26378342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Goldfish (Carassius auratus) were exposed to 0-100 μg/L pentachlorophenol (PCP) for 28 days to investigate the correlations of fish gut microbial community shift with the induced toxicological effects. PCP exposure caused accumulation of PCP in the fish intestinal tract in a time- and dose-dependent manner, while hepatic PCP reached the maximal level after a 21 day exposure. Under the relatively higher PCP stress, the fish body weight and liver weight were reduced and hepatic CAT and SOD activities were inhibited, demonstrating negative correlations with the PCP levels in liver and gut content (R < -0.5 and P < 0.05 each). Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that PCP exposure increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes in the fish gut. Within the Bacteroidetes phylum, the Bacteroides genus had the highest abundance, which was significantly correlated with PCP exposure dosage and duration (R > 0.5 and P < 0.05 each). Bioinformatic analysis revealed that Bacteroides showed quantitatively negative correlations with Chryseobacterium, Microbacterium, Arthrobacter, and Legionella in the fish gut, and the Bacteroidetes abundance, Bacteroides abundance, and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio played crucial roles in the reduction of body weight and liver weight under PCP stress. The results may extend our knowledge regarding the roles of gut microbiota in ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fuzheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
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Leung A, Tsoi H, Yu J. Fusobacterium and Escherichia: models of colorectal cancer driven by microbiota and the utility of microbiota in colorectal cancer screening. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 9:651-7. [PMID: 25582922 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2015.1001745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota has emerging roles in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Intestinal dysbiosis, with altered levels of specific bacteria, is consistently seen in CRC. The heart of the debate lies in whether these bacteria are a cause or consequence of CRC. Two bacteria in particular, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Escherichia coli, have consistently been associated with CRC. This review will examine evidence supporting oncogenic roles of F. nucleatum and E. coli. The proposed mechanisms of tumor formation follow two models: bacterial induced chronic inflammation leads to cell proliferation and tumor formation and virulence factors directly induce tumor formation. This review will further examine the potential for microbiota as biomarkers in CRC, with a focus on F. nucleatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Leung
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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124
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Keku TO, Dulal S, Deveaux A, Jovov B, Han X. The gastrointestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G351-63. [PMID: 25540232 PMCID: PMC4346754 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00360.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human gut is home to a complex and diverse microbiota that contributes to the overall homeostasis of the host. Increasingly, the intestinal microbiota is recognized as an important player in human illness such as colorectal cancer (CRC), inflammatory bowel diseases, and obesity. CRC in itself is one of the major causes of cancer mortality in the Western world. The mechanisms by which bacteria contribute to CRC are complex and not fully understood, but increasing evidence suggests a link between the intestinal microbiota and CRC as well as diet and inflammation, which are believed to play a role in carcinogenesis. It is thought that the gut microbiota interact with dietary factors to promote chronic inflammation and CRC through direct influence on host cell physiology, cellular homeostasis, energy regulation, and/or metabolism of xenobiotics. This review provides an overview on the role of commensal gut microbiota in the development of human CRC and explores its association with diet and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope O. Keku
- 1Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; ,2Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Santosh Dulal
- 1Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; ,2Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - April Deveaux
- 1Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; ,2Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Biljana Jovov
- 1Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; ,2Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Xuesong Han
- 3Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
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125
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Morel FB, Oozeer R, Piloquet H, Moyon T, Pagniez A, Knol J, Darmaun D, Michel C. Preweaning modulation of intestinal microbiota by oligosaccharides or amoxicillin can contribute to programming of adult microbiota in rats. Nutrition 2015; 31:515-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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126
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Gao Z, Guo B, Gao R, Zhu Q, Qin H. Microbiota disbiosis is associated with colorectal cancer. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:20. [PMID: 25699023 PMCID: PMC4313696 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysbiosis of the human intestinal microbiota is linked to sporadic colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The present study was designed to investigate the gut microbiota distribution features in CRC patients. We performed pyrosequencing based analysis of the 16S rRNA gene V3 region to investigate microbiota of the cancerous tissue and adjacent non-cancerous normal tissue in proximal and distal CRC samples. The results revealed that the microbial structures of the CRC patients and healthy individuals differed significantly. Firmicutes and Fusobacteria were over-represented whereas Proteobacteria was under-represented in CRC patients. In addition, Lactococcus and Fusobacterium exhibited a relatively higher abundance while Pseudomonas and Escherichia-Shigella was reduced in cancerous tissues compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Meanwhile, the overall microbial structures of proximal and distal colon cancerous tissues were similar; but certain potential pro-oncogenic pathogens were different. These results suggested that the mucosa-associated microbiota is dynamically associated with CRC, which may provide evidences for microbiota-associated diagnostic, prognostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai, China
| | - Bomin Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai, China
| | - Renyuan Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai, China
| | - Qingchao Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai, China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai, China
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127
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Effect of exclusive enteral nutrition on the microbiota of children with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2015; 6:e71. [PMID: 25588524 PMCID: PMC4418409 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2014.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is commonly used to treat pediatric Crohn's disease (CD). Meta-analysis of pediatric studies that have compared the effect of EEN with other treatments have shown that EEN induces remission in up to 80–85% of patients. We aimed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the effect of EEN on the microbiota of CD patients. Methods: We used 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome high throughout sequencing to determine changes in the fecal microbiota of five CD children, before, during, and after EEN therapy and compared this with five healthy controls. Results: The microbial diversity observed in CD patients tended to be lower than that in controls (CD: 2.25±0.24, controls: 2.75±0.14, P=0.11). In all CD patients, dysbiosis was observed prior to therapy. EEN therapy had a positive effect in all patients, with 80% going into remission. In some patients, the positive effect diminished following the conclusion of EEN therapy. Significantly, the number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) decreased dramatically upon starting EEN and this corresponded with CD remission. Recurrence of CD corresponded with an increase in OTUs. Six families within the Firmicutes were found to correlate with disease activity during and following EEN therapy, a finding that was confirmed by whole-genome high throughput sequencing. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that EEN leads to common and patient-specific alterations in the microbiota of CD patients, a number of which correlate with disease activity.
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128
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Han YW. Fusobacterium nucleatum: a commensal-turned pathogen. Curr Opin Microbiol 2015; 23:141-7. [PMID: 25576662 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is an anaerobic oral commensal and a periodontal pathogen associated with a wide spectrum of human diseases. This article reviews its implication in adverse pregnancy outcomes (chorioamnionitis, preterm birth, stillbirth, neonatal sepsis, preeclampsia), GI disorders (colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, appendicitis), cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, respiratory tract infections, Lemierre's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. The virulence mechanisms involved in the diseases are discussed, with emphasis on its colonization, systemic dissemination, and induction of host inflammatory and tumorigenic responses. The FadA adhesin/invasin conserved in F. nucleatum is a key virulence factor and a potential diagnostic marker for F. nucleatum-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping W Han
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral Diagnostics & Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, United States; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, United States; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, United States.
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129
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Kaakoush NO. Insights into the Role of Erysipelotrichaceae in the Human Host. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26636046 DOI: 10.3309/fcimb.2015.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
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130
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Shahanavaj K, Gil-Bazo I, Castiglia M, Bronte G, Passiglia F, Carreca AP, del Pozo JL, Russo A, Peeters M, Rolfo C. Cancer and the microbiome: potential applications as new tumor biomarker. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 15:317-30. [PMID: 25495037 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.992785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microbial communities that colonize in humans are collectively described as microbiome. According to conservative estimates, about 15% of all types of neoplasms are related to different infective agents. However, current knowledge is not sufficient to explain how the microbiome contributes to the growth and development of cancers. Large and thorough studies involving colonized, diverse and complex microbiome entities are required to identify microbiome as a potential cancer marker and to understand how the immune system is involved in response to pathogens. This article reviews the existing evidence supporting the enigmatic association of transformed microbiome with the development of cancer through the immunological modification. Ascertaining the connection between microbiome and immunological responses with risk of cancer may direct to explaining significant advances in the etiology of cancer, potentially disclosing a novel paradigm of research for the management and prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Shahanavaj
- Department of Bioscience, Shri Ram Group of College (SRGC), Muzaffarnagar, UP, India
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131
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Xu X, Zhang X. Effects of cyclophosphamide on immune system and gut microbiota in mice. Microbiol Res 2014; 171:97-106. [PMID: 25553830 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is the most commonly used drug in autoimmune disease, cancer, blood and marrow transplantation. Recent data revealed that therapy efficacy of CP is gut microbiota-dependent. So, it is very important to understand how CP affects intestinal microbiota and immune function. In this study, the effects of CP on mice immuno-activity were firstly evaluated, then, the fecal microbiota from normal and CP-treated mice was compared, and the characteristic bacterial diversity and compositions were identified, using 454 pyrosequencing technology. The results showed that CP reduced the diversity and shifted the fecal microbiota composition. Specifically, CP treatment decreased the proportion of Bacteroidetes while increased the proportion of Firmictutes in the microbial community. Most importantly, specific microbiota signatures belonging to Bacteroides acidifaciens, Streptococcaceae and Alistipes were also identified, which would provide new insight into the efficacy and side effects in clinical usage of CP. This should be helpful for further demonstration of CP's action mechanism, development of personalized therapy strategies, and prediction of potential side effects related to various treatment regimens of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Xu
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuewu Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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132
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LeBlanc ADMD, LeBlanc JG. Effect of probiotic administration on the intestinal microbiota, current knowledge and potential applications. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:16518-16528. [PMID: 25469019 PMCID: PMC4248194 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i44.16518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is now known that the human body is colonized by a wide variety of microbial populations in different parts (such as the mouth, pharynx and respiratory system, the skin, the gastro- and urogenital tracts), many effects of the complex interactions between the human host and microbial symbionts are still not completely understood. The dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota is considered to be one of the most important contributing factors in the development of many gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome and colorectal cancer, as well as systemic diseases like obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Fecal microbial transplantations appear to be promising therapies for dysbiosis-associated diseases; however, probiotic microorganisms have been growing in popularity due to increasing numbers of studies proving that certain strains present health promoting properties, among them the beneficial balance of the intestinal microbiota. Inflammatory bowel diseases and obesity are the pathologies in which there are more studies showing this beneficial association using animal models and even in human clinical trials. In this review, the association of the human gut microbiota and human health will be discussed along with the benefits that probiotics can confer on this symbiotic activity and on the prevention or treatment of associated diseases.
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133
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Fijlstra M, Ferdous M, Koning AM, Rings EHHM, Harmsen HJM, Tissing WJE. Substantial decreases in the number and diversity of microbiota during chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal mucositis in a rat model. Support Care Cancer 2014; 23:1513-22. [PMID: 25376667 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-014-2487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Earlier, we showed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients that the microbiota changes dramatically during anticancer treatment, coinciding with gastrointestinal mucositis: The commensal anaerobic populations reduce in favor of potential pathogens. Therefore, interventions targeting the microbiota during mucositis might be interesting but can better be tested in animals than in vulnerable mucositis patients. Here, we aimed to study the potential microbial changes during methotrexate (MTX)-induced gastrointestinal mucositis in a well-established rat model and to study whether this model can be used for future microbial intervention studies. METHODS After injection with MTX or saline (day 0), rats were sacrificed between days 2 and 11. Plasma citrulline level, jejunal histology, and the number and diversity of intestinal bacteria in feces (using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)) were determined. RESULTS Mucositis was most severe on day 4 when food intake, plasma citrulline, and villus length were the lowest, compared with controls (P < 0.0125). At the same time, MTX-treated rats showed an overall decrease (705-fold) in most bacteria (using a universal probe), compared with controls (P < 0.125). Reduced bacterial presence was related with the presence of diarrhea and a reduced villus length (rho = 0.38, P < 0.05). At day 4, there was an absolute and relative decrease of anaerobes (13-fold and -58 %, respectively) and streptococci (296-fold and -1 %, respectively) but a relative increase of Bacteroides (+49 %), compared with controls (P < 0.125). CONCLUSIONS In the mucositis rat model, we found substantial decreases in the number and diversity of microbiota, resembling earlier findings in humans. The model therefore seems well suited to study the effects of different microbial interventions on mucositis, prior to performing human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Fijlstra
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,
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134
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Lees H, Swann J, Poucher SM, Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Wilson ID, Marchesi JR. Age and microenvironment outweigh genetic influence on the Zucker rat microbiome. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100916. [PMID: 25232735 PMCID: PMC4169429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are invaluable tools which allow us to investigate the microbiome-host dialogue. However, experimental design introduces biases in the data that we collect, also potentially leading to biased conclusions. With obesity at pandemic levels animal models of this disease have been developed; we investigated the role of experimental design on one such rodent model. We used 454 pyrosequencing to profile the faecal bacteria of obese (n = 6) and lean (homozygous n = 6; heterozygous n = 6) Zucker rats over a 10 week period, maintained in mixed-genotype cages, to further understand the relationships between the composition of the intestinal bacteria and age, obesity progression, genetic background and cage environment. Phylogenetic and taxon-based univariate and multivariate analyses (non-metric multidimensional scaling, principal component analysis) showed that age was the most significant source of variation in the composition of the faecal microbiota. Second to this, cage environment was found to clearly impact the composition of the faecal microbiota, with samples from animals from within the same cage showing high community structure concordance, but large differences seen between cages. Importantly, the genetically induced obese phenotype was not found to impact the faecal bacterial profiles. These findings demonstrate that the age and local environmental cage variables were driving the composition of the faecal bacteria and were more deterministically important than the host genotype. These findings have major implications for understanding the significance of functional metagenomic data in experimental studies and beg the question; what is being measured in animal experiments in which different strains are housed separately, nature or nurture?
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lees
- Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Simon M. Poucher
- Cardiovascular and Gastro-Intestinal Disorders Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Alderley Park, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K. Nicholson
- Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D. Wilson
- Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian R. Marchesi
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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135
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Systematic analysis of the association between gut flora and obesity through high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics approaches. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:906168. [PMID: 25202708 PMCID: PMC4150407 DOI: 10.1155/2014/906168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Eighty-one stool samples from Taiwanese were collected for analysis of the association between the gut flora and obesity. The supervised analysis showed that the most, abundant genera of bacteria in normal samples (from people with a body mass index (BMI) ≤ 24) were Bacteroides (27.7%), Prevotella (19.4%), Escherichia (12%), Phascolarctobacterium (3.9%), and Eubacterium (3.5%). The most abundant genera of bacteria in case samples (with a BMI ≥ 27) were Bacteroides (29%), Prevotella (21%), Escherichia (7.4%), Megamonas (5.1%), and Phascolarctobacterium (3.8%). A principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) demonstrated that normal samples were clustered more compactly than case samples. An unsupervised analysis demonstrated that bacterial communities in the gut were clustered into two main groups: N-like and OB-like groups. Remarkably, most normal samples (78%) were clustered in the N-like group, and most case samples (81%) were clustered in the OB-like group (Fisher's P value = 1.61E − 07). The results showed that bacterial communities in the gut were highly associated with obesity. This is the first study in Taiwan to investigate the association between human gut flora and obesity, and the results provide new insights into the correlation of bacteria with the rising trend in obesity.
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