101
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DeNinno MP, Masamune H, Chenard LK, DiRico KJ, Eller C, Etienne JB, Tickner JE, Kennedy SP, Knight DR, Kong J, Oleynek JJ, Tracey WR, Hill RJ. The synthesis of highly potent, selective, and water-soluble agonists at the human adenosine A3 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:2525-7. [PMID: 16464581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2005] [Revised: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Using a combination of parallel and directed synthesis, the discovery of a highly potent and selective series of adenosine A3 agonists was achieved. High aqueous solubility, required for the intended parenteral route of administration, was achieved by the presence of one or two basic amine functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P DeNinno
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton/NewLondon Laboratories, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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102
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Jacobson KA, Gao ZG, Tchilibon S, Duong HT, Joshi BV, Sonin D, Liang BT. Semi-rational design of (north)-methanocarba nucleosides as dual acting A(1) and A(3) adenosine receptor agonists: novel prototypes for cardioprotection. J Med Chem 2006; 48:8103-7. [PMID: 16366590 PMCID: PMC2597460 DOI: 10.1021/jm050726b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ring-constrained adenosine analogues have been designed to act as dual agonists at tissue-protective A(1) and A(3) adenosine receptors (ARs). 9-Ribosides transformed into the ring-constrained (N)-methanocarba-2-chloro-5'-uronamides consistently lost affinity at A(1)/A(2A)ARs and gained at A(3)AR. Among 9-riboside derivatives, only N(6)-cyclopentyl and 7-norbornyl moieties were extrapolated for mixed A(1)/A(3) selectivity and rat/human A(3)AR equipotency. Consequently, 2 was balanced in affinity and potency at A(1)/A(3)ARs as envisioned and dramatically protected in an intact heart model of global ischemia and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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103
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Massip S, Guillon J, Bertarelli D, Bosc JJ, Léger JM, Lacher S, Bontemps C, Dupont T, Müller CE, Jarry C. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of new 1- and 3-[1-(2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl)]xanthines from 2-amino-2-oxazolines as potential A1 and A2A adenosine receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 14:2697-719. [PMID: 16386423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Revised: 11/22/2005] [Accepted: 11/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of potent and selective adenosine receptor ligands as potential drugs is an active area of research. Xanthines are one of the most important classes of adenosine receptor antagonists and have been widely developed in terms of affinity and selectivity for adenosine receptors. We recently developed new original pathways for the synthesis of xanthine analogues starting from 5-substituted-2-amino-2-oxazoline 5 as a synthon. These procedures allowed us to selectively introduce a large, functionalized and beta-adrenergic 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl pharmacophore at the 1- and 3-position of the xanthine moiety which allowed further structural modifications. In this study, we present a new synthetic access to racemic xanthine derivatives 1-4 from 5, and their evaluation as adenosine A1, A2A and A3 receptor ligands in radioligand binding studies. The 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl moiety was well tolerated in the 3-position of the xanthine core, while its introduction in the 1-position of the xanthine moiety led to a large decrease in adenosine receptor affinity. 1,7-Dimethyl-3-[1-(2-chloro-3-phenoxypropyl)]-8-(3,4,5-trimethoxystyryl)xanthine (2n) was the most potent and selective A2A antagonist of the present series (Ki=44 nM, >>200-fold selective vs A1). 1-Propyl-3-[1-(2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl)]-8-noradamantylxanthine (3f) was identified as a potent (KiA1=21 nM) and highly selective (>>350-fold vs A2A and A3 receptor) adenosine A1 receptor antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Massip
- EA 2962-Pharmacochimie, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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104
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Belyakov S, Alksnis E, Muravenko V, Turovskis I, Popelis J, Lukevics E. Crystal structure and conformation of 8-(2-hydroxyethylamino) and 8-(pyrrolidin-1-yl) adenosines. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2005; 24:1199-208. [PMID: 16270662 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-200067412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In the course of investigation of 8-alkylamino substituted adenosines, the title compounds were synthesized as potential partial agonists for adenosine receptors. The structure determination of these compounds was carried out with the X-ray crystallography study. Crystals of 8-(2-hydroxyethylamino)adenosine are monoclinic, space group P 2(1); a = 7.0422(2), b = 11.2635(3), c = 8.9215(2) A, beta = 92.261(1) degrees, V = 707.10(3) A3, Z = 2; R-factor is 0.0339. The nucleoside is characterized by the anti conformation; the ribose ring has the C(2')-endo conformation and gauche-gauche form across C(4')-C(5') bond. The molecular structure is stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bond of N-HO type. Crystals of 8-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)adenosine are monoclinic, space group C 2; a = 19.271(1), b = 7.3572(4), c = 11.0465(7) A, beta = 103.254(2), V = 1524.4(2) degrees A3, Z = 4; R-factor is 0.0498. In this compound, there is syn conformation of the nucleoside; the ribose has the C(2')-endo conformation and gauche -gauche form across C(4')- C(5') bond. The molecular structure is stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bond of O-HN type. For both compounds, the branching net of intermolecular hydrogen bonds occur in the crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Belyakov
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
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105
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Perreira M, Jiang JK, Klutz A, Gao ZG, Shainberg A, Lu C, Thomas CJ, Jacobson KA. "Reversine" and its 2-substituted adenine derivatives as potent and selective A3 adenosine receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2005; 48:4910-8. [PMID: 16033270 PMCID: PMC3474371 DOI: 10.1021/jm050221l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dedifferentiation agent "reversine" [2-(4-morpholinoanilino)-N(6)-cyclohexyladenine 2] was found to be a moderately potent antagonist for the human A(3) adenosine receptor (AR) with a K(i) value of 0.66 microM. This result prompted an exploration of the structure-activity relationship of related derivatives, synthesized via sequential substitution of 6-chloro-2-fluoropurine with selected nucleophiles. Optimization of substituents at these two positions identified 2-(phenylamino)-N(6)-cyclohexyladenine (12), 2-(phenylamino)-N(6)-cycloheptyladenine (19), and 2-phenylamino-N(6)-endo-norbornyladenine (21) as potent A(3) AR ligands with K(i) values of 51, 42, and 37 nM, respectively, with 30-200-fold selectivity in comparison to A(1) and A(2A) ARs. The most selective A(3) AR antagonist (>200-fold) was 2-(phenyloxy)-N(6)-cyclohexyladenine (22). 9-Methylation of 12, but not 19, was well-tolerated in A(3) AR binding. Extension of the 2-phenylamino group to 2-benzyl- and 2-(2-phenylethylamino) reduced affinity. In the series of 2-(phenylamino), 2-(phenyloxy), and 2-(phenylthio) substitutions, the order of affinity at the A(3) AR was oxy > or = amino > thio. Selected derivatives, including reversine (K(B) value of 466 nM via Schild analysis), competitively antagonized the functional effects of a selective A(3) AR agonist, i.e., inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP production in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. These results are in agreement with other studies suggesting the presence of a lipophilic pocket in the AR binding site that is filled by moderately sized cycloalkyl rings at the N(6) position of both adenine and adenosine derivatives. Thus, the compound series reported herein comprise an important new series of selective A(3) AR antagonists. We were unable to reproduce the dedifferentiation effect of reversine, previously reported, or to demonstrate any connection between A(3) AR antagonist effects and dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Perreira
- Chemical Biology Core Facility, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jian-kang Jiang
- Chemical Biology Core Facility, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Athena Klutz
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Asher Shainberg
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Changrui Lu
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Craig J. Thomas
- Chemical Biology Core Facility, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Chemical Biology Core Facility, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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106
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Tchilibon S, Joshi BV, Kim SK, Duong HT, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA. (N)-methanocarba 2,N6-disubstituted adenine nucleosides as highly potent and selective A3 adenosine receptor agonists. J Med Chem 2005; 48:1745-58. [PMID: 15771421 PMCID: PMC3463111 DOI: 10.1021/jm049580r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of ring-constrained (N)-methanocarba-5'-uronamide 2,N(6)-disubstituted adenine nucleosides have been synthesized via Mitsunobu condensation of the nucleobase precursor with a pseudosugar ring containing a 5'-ester functionality. Following appropriate functionalization of the adenine ring, the ester group was converted to the 5'-N-methylamide. The compounds, mainly 2-chloro-substituted derivatives, were tested in both binding and functional assays at human adenosine receptors (ARs), and many were found to be highly potent and selective A(3)AR agonists. Selected compounds were compared in binding to the rat A(3)AR to assess their viability for testing in rat disease models. The N(6)-(3-chlorobenzyl) and N(6)-(3-bromobenzyl) analogues displayed K(i) values at the human A(3)AR of 0.29 and 0.38 nM, respectively. Other subnanomolar affinities were observed for the following N(6) derivatives: 2,5-dichlorobenzyl, 5-iodo-2-methoxybenzyl, trans-2-phenyl-1-cyclopropyl, and 2,2-diphenylethyl. Selectivity for the human A(3)AR in comparison to the A(1)AR was the following (fold): the N(6)-(2,2-diphenylethyl) analogue 34 (1900), the N(6)-(2,5-dimethoxybenzyl) analogue 26 (1200), the N(6)-(2,5-dichlorobenzyl) and N(6)-(2-phenyl-1-cyclopropyl) analogues 20 and 33 (1000), and the N(6)-(3-substituted benzyl) analogues 17, 18, 28, and 29 (700-900). Typically, even greater selectivity ratios were obtained in comparison with the A(2A) and A(2B)ARs. The (N)-methanocarba-5'-uronamide analogues were full agonists at the A(3)AR, as indicated by the inhibition of forskolin-stimluated adenylate cyclase at a concentration of 10 microM. The N(6)-(2,2-diphenylethyl) derivative was an A(3)AR agonist in the (N)-methanocarba-5'-uronamide series, although it was an antagonist in the ribose series. Thus, many of the previously known groups that enhance A(3)AR affinity in the 9-riboside series, including those that reduce intrinsic efficacy, may be adapted to the (N)-methanocarba nucleoside series of full agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Tchilibon
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bhalchandra V. Joshi
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Heng T. Duong
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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