101
|
Randall LM, Ferrer-Sueta G, Denicola A. Peroxiredoxins as Preferential Targets in H2O2-Induced Signaling. Methods Enzymol 2013; 527:41-63. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405882-8.00003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
102
|
Pal P, Kanaujiya JK, Lochab S, Tripathi SB, Sanyal S, Behre G, Trivedi AK. Proteomic analysis of rosiglitazone and guggulsterone treated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 376:81-93. [PMID: 23275126 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1551-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is the differentiation of preadipocytes to adipocytes which is marked by the accumulation of lipid droplets. Adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells is achieved by exposing the cells to Insulin, Dexamethasone and IBMX for 5-7 days. Thiazolidinedione drugs, like rosiglitazone are potent insulin sensitizing agents and have been shown to enhance lipid droplet formation in 3T3-L1 cells, a model cell line for preadipocyte differentiation. Guggulsterone is a natural drug extracted from the gum resin of tree Commiphora mukul. Guggulsterone has been shown to inhibit adipogenesis and induce apoptosis in 3T3-L1 cells. In this study we treated the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with rosiglitazone and guggulsterone and assessed the protein expression profile using 2D gel electrophoresis-based proteomics to find out differential target proteins of these drugs. The proteins that were identified upon rosiglitazone treatment generally regulate cell proliferation and/or exhibit anti-inflammatory effect which strengthens its differentiation-inducing property. Guggulsterone treatment resulted in the identification of the apoptosis-inducing proteins to be up regulated which rightly is in agreement with the apoptosis-inducing property of guggulsterone in 3T3-L1 cells. Some of the proteins identified in our proteomic screen such as Galectin1, AnnexinA2 & TCTP were further confirmed by Real Time qPCR. Thus, the present study provides a better outlook of proteins being differentially regulated/expressed upon treatment with rosiglitazone and guggulsterone. The detailed study of the differentially expressed proteins identified in this proteomic screen may further provide the better molecular insight into the mode of action of these anti-diabetic drugs rosiglitazone and guggulsterone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Pal
- Drug Target Discovery and Development Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, UP, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
103
|
|
104
|
Garcia-Garcia A, Zavala-Flores L, Rodriguez-Rocha H, Franco R. Thiol-redox signaling, dopaminergic cell death, and Parkinson's disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:1764-84. [PMID: 22369136 PMCID: PMC3474187 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta, which has been widely associated with oxidative stress. However, the mechanisms by which redox signaling regulates cell death progression remain elusive. RECENT ADVANCES Early studies demonstrated that depletion of glutathione (GSH), the most abundant low-molecular-weight thiol and major antioxidant defense in cells, is one of the earliest biochemical events associated with PD, prompting researchers to determine the role of oxidative stress in dopaminergic cell death. Since then, the concept of oxidative stress has evolved into redox signaling, and its complexity is highlighted by the discovery of a variety of thiol-based redox-dependent processes regulating not only oxidative damage, but also the activation of a myriad of signaling/enzymatic mechanisms. CRITICAL ISSUES GSH and GSH-based antioxidant systems are important regulators of neurodegeneration associated with PD. In addition, thiol-based redox systems, such as peroxiredoxins, thioredoxins, metallothioneins, methionine sulfoxide reductases, transcription factors, as well as oxidative modifications in protein thiols (cysteines), including cysteine hydroxylation, glutathionylation, and nitrosylation, have been demonstrated to regulate dopaminergic cell loss. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In this review, we summarize major advances in the understanding of the role of thiol-redox signaling in dopaminergic cell death in experimental PD. Future research is still required to clearly understand how integrated thiol-redox signaling regulates the activation of the cell death machinery, and the knowledge generated should open new avenues for the design of novel therapeutic approaches against PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aracely Garcia-Garcia
- Redox Biology Center and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
105
|
Zhang M, An C, Gao Y, Leak RK, Chen J, Zhang F. Emerging roles of Nrf2 and phase II antioxidant enzymes in neuroprotection. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 100:30-47. [PMID: 23025925 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phase II metabolic enzymes are a battery of critical proteins that detoxify xenobiotics by increasing their hydrophilicity and enhancing their disposal. These enzymes have long been studied for their preventative and protective effects against mutagens and carcinogens and for their regulation via the Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1)/Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2)/ARE (antioxidant response elements) pathway. Recently, a series of studies have reported the altered expression of phase II genes in postmortem tissue of patients with various neurological diseases. These observations hint at a role for phase II enzymes in the evolution of such conditions. Furthermore, promising findings reveal that overexpression of phase II genes, either by genetic or chemical approaches, confers neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, there is a need to summarize the current literature on phase II genes in the central nervous system (CNS). This should help guide future studies on phase II genes as therapeutic targets in neurological diseases. In this review, we first briefly introduce the concept of phase I, II and III enzymes, with a special focus on phase II enzymes. We then discuss their expression regulation, their inducers and executors. Following this background, we expand our discussion to the neuroprotective effects of phase II enzymes and the potential application of Nrf2 inducers to the treatment of neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
106
|
Hyperoxia changes the balance of the thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin system in the neonatal rat brain. Brain Res 2012; 1484:68-75. [PMID: 23006780 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intrinsic antioxidant defense systems play an important role in both physiological cell signaling processes and many pathological states, including neurodegenerative disorders and oxygen-toxicity. Here we report that short exposures to non-physiologic oxygen levels change the balance of the ROS-dependent thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin system in the developing rat brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of peroxiredoxins, thioredoxin 1, sulfiredoxin 1, and DJ-1 on gene and protein level under hyperoxic conditions. Six-days old Wistar rats were exposed to 80% oxygen for 6-48 h while sex-matched littermates were kept in room-air and served as controls. Oxygen-toxicity significantly induced upregulation of peroxiredoxins 1 and 2, peroxiredoxin sulfonic form, thioredoxin 1, and sulfiredoxin 1 in the brains of infant rats. Additionally, hyperoxia reduced the level of DJ-1, a hydroperoxide-responsive protein in the developing rat brain. The pathology of hyperoxia-mediated injury to the developing brain is still elusive and oxygen administration to neonates is often inevitable. These findings may provide evidence for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies to enhance the antioxidative defense of the immature brain.
Collapse
|
107
|
Gan Y, Ji X, Hu X, Luo Y, Zhang L, Li P, Liu X, Yan F, Vosler P, Gao Y, Stetler RA, Chen J. Transgenic overexpression of peroxiredoxin-2 attenuates ischemic neuronal injury via suppression of a redox-sensitive pro-death signaling pathway. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:719-32. [PMID: 22356734 PMCID: PMC3387778 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Peroxiredoxins (PRXs) are a newly characterized family of peroxide scavenging enzymes that not only help maintain cellular redox homeostasis but also may directly engage in a variety of intracellular signaling pathways. PRX2 is a neuronal-specific PRX believed to participate in cerebral antioxidant responses in several neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigates the potential neuroprotective effect and the underlying mechanism of PRX2 in models of ischemic neuronal injury. RESULTS Transgenic mice overexpressing PRX2 showed reduced brain injury and improved neurological recovery up to 3 weeks after transient focal cerebral ischemia compared to wild-type littermates. In primary cultures of cortical neurons, transfection of PRX2 but not the loss-of-catalytic-site PRX2 mutant conferred neuroprotection against cell death induced by oxygen glucose deprivation. PRX2 exhibited potent pro-survival effects in ischemic neurons by maintaining thioredoxin (Trx) in its reduced state, thereby preventing oxidative stress-mediated activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and the downstream MKK/JNK pro-death signaling pathway. PRX2 failed to provide additional neuroprotection against ischemic injury in Trx- or ASK1-knockdown neuron cultures and in mice treated with a JNK inhibitor. INNOVATION This study provides evidence that neuronal overexpression of PRX2 confers prolonged neuroprotection against ischemic/reperfusion brain injury. Moreover, the results suggest a signaling pathway by which PRX2 suppresses ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced neuronal expression and activity of PRX2 protect against ischemic neuronal injury by directly modulating the redox-sensitive Trx-ASK1 signaling complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
108
|
Peroxiredoxin family proteins are key initiators of post-ischemic inflammation in the brain. Nat Med 2012; 18:911-7. [PMID: 22610280 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Post-ischemic inflammation is an essential step in the progression of brain ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the mechanism that activates infiltrating macrophages in the ischemic brain remains to be clarified. Here we demonstrate that peroxiredoxin (Prx) family proteins released extracellularly from necrotic brain cells induce expression of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-23 in macrophages through activation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4, thereby promoting neural cell death, even though intracellular Prxs have been shown to be neuroprotective. The extracellular release of Prxs in the ischemic core occurred 12 h after stroke onset, and neutralization of extracellular Prxs with antibodies suppressed inflammatory cytokine expression and infarct volume growth. In contrast, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a well-known damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, was released before Prx and had a limited role in post-ischemic macrophage activation. We thus propose that extracellular Prxs are previously unknown danger signals in the ischemic brain and that its blocking agents are potent neuroprotective tools.
Collapse
|
109
|
Chen JH, Ou HP, Lin CY, Lin FJ, Wu CR, Chang SW, Tsai CW. Carnosic Acid Prevents 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Cell Death in SH-SY5Y Cells via Mediation of Glutathione Synthesis. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:1893-901. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300171u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hsien Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ping Ou
- Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changua,
Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Ju Lin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- The School of Chinese Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Chang
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals
and Health Care, Dayeh University, Changhua,
Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Zhao F, Wang Q. The protective effect of peroxiredoxin II on oxidative stress induced apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells. Cell Biosci 2012; 2:22. [PMID: 22709359 PMCID: PMC3461449 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-2-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive loss of pancreatic β-cells, mainly through apoptosis, contributes to the development of diabetic hyperglycemia. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the process of β-cell apoptosis due to low expression level of endogenous antioxidants in the β-cells. Peroxiredoxins (PRDX) are a family of peroxide reductases which uses thioredoxin to clear peroxides. Several members of PRDX have been found in β-cells and recent studies suggested that these antioxidant enzymes possess protective effects in β-cells against oxidative stress mediated apoptosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of PRDX2 in modulating β-cell functions. We detected the expression of PRDX2 both at the transcript and protein levels in the clonal β-cells INS-1 and MIN6 as well as rodent islets. Western blot showed that treatment of MIN6 β-cell line with proinflammatory cytokines, palmitic acid or streptozotocin dose- or time-dependently increased apoptosis, which was associated with reduced endogenous expression levels of PRDX2. To examine the role for PRDX2 in the apoptotic stimuli-induced β-cell apoptosis, we used plasmid overexpression and siRNA knockdown strategies to investigate whether the elevation or knockdown of PRDX2 affects stimuli-induced apoptosis in the β-cells. Remarkably, overexpression of PRDX2 in MIN6 cells significantly attenuated the oxidative stresses mediated apoptosis, as evaluated by cleaved caspase 3 expression, nuclear condensation and fragmentation, as well as FACS analysis. Conversely, attenuation of PRDX2 protein expression using siRNA knockdown exaggerated the cell death induced by proinflammatory cytokines and palmitic acid in the MIN6 cells. These results suggest that PRDX2 may play a protective role in pancreatic β-cells under oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St, Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, Room 414, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B 1T8.
| | | |
Collapse
|
111
|
Neurotoxin-based models of Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2012; 211:51-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
112
|
Oxidative Stress-Induced Diseases via the ASK1 Signaling Pathway. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:439587. [PMID: 22654913 PMCID: PMC3359665 DOI: 10.1155/2012/439587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase that activates the downstream MAPKs, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. ASK1 is activated by various types of stress, such as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and infection, and regulates various cellular functions. Recently, it has been reported that ASK1 is associated with various diseases induced by oxidative stress. In this review, we introduce recent findings of the regulatory mechanisms of ASK1 and the oxidative stress-induced diseases mediated by the ASK1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
113
|
Chae HZ, Oubrahim H, Park JW, Rhee SG, Chock PB. Protein glutathionylation in the regulation of peroxiredoxins: a family of thiol-specific peroxidases that function as antioxidants, molecular chaperones, and signal modulators. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:506-23. [PMID: 22114845 PMCID: PMC3270059 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reversible protein glutathionylation plays an important role in cellular regulation, signaling transduction, and antioxidant defense. This redox-sensitive mechanism is involved in regulating the functions of peroxiredoxins (Prxs), a family of ubiquitously expressed thiol-specific peroxidase enzymes. Glutathionylation of certain Prxs at their active-site cysteines not only provides reducing equivalents to support their peroxidase activity but also protects Prxs from irreversible hyperoxidation. Typical 2-Cys Prx also functions as a molecular chaperone when it exists as a decamer and/or higher molecular weight complexes. The hyperoxidized sulfinic derivative of 2-Cys Prx is reactivated by sulfiredoxin (Srx). In this review, the roles of glutathionylation in the regulation of Prxs are discussed with respect to their molecular structure and functions as antioxidants, molecular chaperones, and signal modulators. RECENT ADVANCES Recent findings reveal that glutathionylation regulates the quaternary structure of Prx. Glutathionylation of Prx I at Cys(83) converts the decameric Prx to its dimers with the loss of chaperone activity. The findings that dimer/oligomer structure specific Prx I binding proteins, e.g., phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and mammalian Ste20-like kinase-1 (MST1), regulate cell cycle and apoptosis, respectively, suggest a possible link between glutathionylation and those signaling pathways. CRITICAL ISSUES Knowing how glutathionylation affects the interaction between Prx I and its nearly 20 known interacting proteins, e.g., PTEN and MST1 kinase, would reveal new insights on the physiological functions of Prx. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In vitro studies reveal that Prx oligomerization is linked to its functional changes. However, in vivo dynamics, including the effect by glutathionylation, and its physiological significance remain to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Zoon Chae
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
114
|
Sabens Liedhegner EA, Gao XH, Mieyal JJ. Mechanisms of altered redox regulation in neurodegenerative diseases--focus on S--glutathionylation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:543-66. [PMID: 22066468 PMCID: PMC3270051 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive loss of neurons. A common feature is oxidative stress, which arises when reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) exceed amounts required for normal redox signaling. An imbalance in ROS/RNS alters functionality of cysteines and perturbs thiol-disulfide homeostasis. Many cysteine modifications may occur, but reversible protein mixed disulfides with glutathione (GSH) likely represents the common steady-state derivative due to cellular abundance of GSH and ready conversion of cysteine-sulfenic acid and S-nitrosocysteine precursors to S-glutathionylcysteine disulfides. Thus, S-glutathionylation acts in redox signal transduction and serves as a protective mechanism against irreversible cysteine oxidation. Reversal of protein-S-glutathionylation is catalyzed specifically by glutaredoxin which thereby plays a critical role in cellular regulation. This review highlights the role of oxidative modification of proteins, notably S-glutathionylation, and alterations in thiol homeostatic enzyme activities in neurodegenerative diseases, providing insights for therapeutic intervention. RECENT ADVANCES Recent studies show that dysregulation of redox signaling and sulfhydryl homeostasis likely contributes to onset/progression of neurodegeneration. Oxidative stress alters the thiol-disulfide status of key proteins that regulate the balance between cell survival and cell death. CRITICAL ISSUES Much of the current information about redox modification of key enzymes and signaling intermediates has been gleaned from studies focused on oxidative stress situations other than the neurodegenerative diseases. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The findings in other contexts are expected to apply to understanding neurodegenerative mechanisms. Identification of selectively glutathionylated proteins in a quantitative fashion will provide new insights about neuropathological consequences of this oxidative protein modification.
Collapse
|
115
|
Ishii T, Warabi E, Yanagawa T. Novel roles of peroxiredoxins in inflammation, cancer and innate immunity. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2012; 50:91-105. [PMID: 22448089 PMCID: PMC3303482 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins possess thioredoxin or glutathione peroxidase and chaperone-like activities and thereby protect cells from oxidative insults. Recent studies, however, reveal additional functions of peroxiredoxins in gene expression and inflammation-related biological reactions such as tissue repair, parasite infection and tumor progression. Notably, peroxiredoxin 1, the major mammalian peroxiredoxin family protein, directly interacts with transcription factors such as c-Myc and NF-κB in the nucleus. Additionally, peroxiredoxin 1 is secreted from some cells following stimulation with TGF-β and other cytokines and is thus present in plasma and body fluids. Peroxiredoxin 1 is now recognized as one of the pro-inflammatory factors interacting with toll-like receptor 4, which triggers NF-κB activation and other signaling pathways to evoke inflammatory reactions. Some cancer cells release peroxiredoxin 1 to stimulate toll-like receptor 4-mediated signaling for their progression. Interestingly, peroxiredoxins expressed in protozoa and helminth may modulate host immune responses partly through toll-like receptor 4 for their survival and progression in host. Extracellular peroxiredoxin 1 and peroxiredoxin 2 are known to enhance natural killer cell activity and suppress virus-replication in cells. Peroxiredoxin 1-deficient mice show reduced antioxidant activities but also exhibit restrained tissue inflammatory reactions under some patho-physiological conditions. Novel functions of peroxiredoxins in inflammation, cancer and innate immunity are the focus of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Ishii
- Majors of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
116
|
Lee KW, Zhao X, Im JY, Grosso H, Jang WH, Chan TW, Sonsalla PK, German DC, Ichijo H, Junn E, Mouradian MM. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 mediates MPTP toxicity and regulates glial activation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29935. [PMID: 22253830 PMCID: PMC3254627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 family, is activated by oxidative stress. The death-signaling pathway mediated by ASK1 is inhibited by DJ-1, which is linked to recessively inherited Parkinson's disease (PD). Considering that DJ-1 deficiency exacerbates the toxicity of the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), we sought to investigate the direct role and mechanism of ASK1 in MPTP-induced dopamine neuron toxicity. In the present study, we found that MPTP administration to wild-type mice activates ASK1 in the midbrain. In ASK1 null mice, MPTP-induced motor impairment was less profound, and striatal dopamine content and nigral dopamine neuron counts were relatively preserved compared to wild-type littermates. Further, microglia and astrocyte activation seen in wild-type mice challenged with MPTP was markedly attenuated in ASK⁻/⁻ mice. These data suggest that ASK1 is a key player in MPTP-induced glial activation linking oxidative stress with neuroinflammation, two well recognized pathogenetic factors in PD. These findings demonstrate that ASK1 is an important effector of MPTP-induced toxicity and suggest that inhibiting this kinase is a plausible therapeutic strategy for protecting dopamine neurons in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Woo Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative and Neuroimmunologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Xin Zhao
- Center for Neurodegenerative and Neuroimmunologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Joo-Young Im
- Center for Neurodegenerative and Neuroimmunologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hilary Grosso
- Center for Neurodegenerative and Neuroimmunologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Won Hee Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Teresa W. Chan
- Center for Neurodegenerative and Neuroimmunologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Patricia K. Sonsalla
- Center for Neurodegenerative and Neuroimmunologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Dwight C. German
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eunsung Junn
- Center for Neurodegenerative and Neuroimmunologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - M. Maral Mouradian
- Center for Neurodegenerative and Neuroimmunologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Neuroprotective Effects of White Tea Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Toxicity in Striatal Cells. Neurotox Res 2011; 20:372-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-011-9252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|