101
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Zhang T, Gan Y, Zhu S. Association between autophagy and acute pancreatitis. Front Genet 2023; 14:998035. [PMID: 36793898 PMCID: PMC9923090 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.998035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy pathway involves maintaining intracellular homeostasis by regulating the degradation of cytoplasmic components. Disfunction of autophagic process has been confirmed to be critical mechanism in many diseases, including cancer, inflammation, infection, degeneration and metabolic disorders. Recent studies have shown that autophagy is one of the early events in acute pancreatitis. Impaired autophagy promotes the abnormal activation of zymogen granules and results in apoptosis and necrosis of exocrine pancreas. Furthermore, multiple signal paths involve progression of acute pancreatitis by regulating autophagy pathway. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent advances in epigenetic regulation of autophagy and the role of autophagy in acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Yu Gan, ; Shuai Zhu,
| | - Shuai Zhu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Yu Gan, ; Shuai Zhu,
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102
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Integrated investigation of the clinical implications and targeted landscape for RNA methylation modifications in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:46. [PMID: 36707911 PMCID: PMC9881284 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA methylation (RM) is a crucial post-translational modification (PTM) that directs epigenetic regulation. It mostly consists of N1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N3-methylcytidine (m3C), N6-methyladenosine (m6A), and 2'-O-methylation (Nm). The "writers" mainly act as intermediaries between these modifications and associated biological processes. However, little is known about the interactions and potential functions of these RM writers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS The expression properties and genetic alterations of 38 RM writers were assessed in HCC samples from five bioinformatic datasets. Two patterns associated with RM writers were identified using consensus clustering. Then, utilizing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from different RM subtypes, we built a risk model called RM_Score. Additionally, we investigated the correlation of RM_Score with clinical characteristics, tumor microenvironment (TME) infiltration, molecular subtypes, therapeutic response, immunotherapy effectiveness, and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. RESULTS RM writers were correlated with TME cell infiltration and prognosis. Cluster_1/2 and gene.cluster_A/B were shown to be capable of distinguishing the HCC patients with poor prognosis after consensus and unsupervised clustering of RNA methylation writers. Additionally, we constructed RNA modification pattern-specific risk model and subdivided the cases into RM_Score high and RM_Score low subgroups. In individual cohorts or merged datasets, the high RM_Score was related to a worse overall survival of HCC patients. RM_Score also exhibited correlations with immune and proliferation related pathways. In response to anti-cancer treatments, the RM_Score had a negative correlation (drug sensitive) with drugs that focused on the MAPK/ERK and metabolism signaling, and a positive correlation (drug resistant) with compounds targeting RKT and PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway. Notably, the RM_Score was connected to the therapeutic effectiveness of PD-L1 blockage, implying that RM writers may be the target of immunotherapy to optimize clinical outcomes. Additionally, a ceRNA network was generated including 2 lncRNAs, 4 miRNAs, and 7 mRNAs that was connected to RM writers. CONCLUSIONS We thoroughly investigated the potential functions of RNA methylation writers and established an RM_patterns-based risk model for HCC patients. This study emphasized the critical functions of RM modification in TME infiltration, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, providing potential targets for HCC.
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103
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Tian Y, Xiao H, Yang Y, Zhang P, Yuan J, Zhang W, Chen L, Fan Y, Zhang J, Cheng H, Deng T, Yang L, Wang W, Chen G, Wang P, Gong P, Niu X, Zhang X. Crosstalk between 5-methylcytosine and N 6-methyladenosine machinery defines disease progression, therapeutic response and pharmacogenomic landscape in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:5. [PMID: 36627693 PMCID: PMC9830866 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulated evidence highlights the significance of the crosstalk between epigenetic and epitranscriptomic mechanisms, notably 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and N6-methyladenosine (m6A). Herein, we conducted a widespread analysis regarding the crosstalk between 5mC and m6A regulators in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Pan-cancer genomic analysis of the crosstalk between 5mC and m6A regulators was presented at transcriptomic, genomic, epigenetic, and other multi-omics levels. Hub 5mC and m6A regulators were summarized to define an epigenetic and epitranscriptomic module eigengene (EME), which reflected both the pre- and post-transcriptional modifications. RESULTS 5mC and m6A regulators interacted with one another at the multi-omic levels across pan-cancer, including HCC. The EME scoring system enabled to greatly optimize risk stratification and accurately predict HCC patients' clinical outcomes and progression. Additionally, the EME accurately predicted the responses to mainstream therapies (TACE and sorafenib) and immunotherapy as well as hyper-progression. In vitro, 5mC and m6A regulators cooperatively weakened apoptosis and facilitated proliferation, DNA damage repair, G2/M arrest, migration, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC cells. The EME scoring system was remarkably linked to potential extrinsic and intrinsic immune escape mechanisms, and the high EME might contribute to a reduced copy number gain/loss frequency. Finally, we determined potential therapeutic compounds and druggable targets (TUBB1 and P2RY4) for HCC patients with high EME. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that HCC may result from a unique synergistic combination of 5mC-epigenetic mechanism mixed with m6A-epitranscriptomic mechanism, and their crosstalk defines therapeutic response and pharmacogenomic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of General Surgery and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Haijuan Xiao
- grid.508012.eDepartment of Oncology, Shaanxi Province, Affiliated Hospital of the Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046 China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of General Surgery and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China ,grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900Department of Trauma Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003 Henan China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- grid.411525.60000 0004 0369 1599Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Jiahui Yuan
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of General Surgery and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of General Surgery and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Lijie Chen
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning China
| | - Yibao Fan
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of General Surgery and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Jinze Zhang
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of General Surgery and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Huan Cheng
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of General Surgery and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Tingwei Deng
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of General Surgery and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Lin Yang
- grid.440299.2Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaanxi Province, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, 712099 Shaanxi China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of General Surgery and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China ,grid.414011.10000 0004 1808 090XHepatobiliary Surgery, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Guoyong Chen
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of General Surgery and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China ,grid.414011.10000 0004 1808 090XHepatobiliary Surgery, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Peiqin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003 China
| | - Peng Gong
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of General Surgery and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xing Niu
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of General Surgery and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China ,grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning China
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of General Surgery and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
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104
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Yang Y, Li Q, Ling Y, Leng L, Ma Y, Xue L, Lu G, Ding Y, Li J, Tao S. m6A eraser FTO modulates autophagy by targeting SQSTM1/P62 in the prevention of canagliflozin against renal fibrosis. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1094556. [PMID: 36685533 PMCID: PMC9845768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1094556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of autophagy contributes to renal fibrosis. N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification is a critical mediator of autophagy. Our previous studies have reported that the disorder of the PPARα/fatty acid oxidation (FAO) axis in renal tubular cells is suppressed by STAT6, which is involved in the regulation of renal fibrotic processes. Here, we found that canagliflozin significantly upregulates SQSTM1/P62, promoting PPARα-mediated FAO by inducing autophagy-dependent STAT6 degradation both in TGF-β1-treated HK2 cells and in unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO) and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) renal fibrosis mouse models. Knockdown of P62/SQSTM1 led to the impairment autophagic flux and the dysregulation of the STAT6/PPARα axis, which was confirmed by SQSTM1/P62cKO mice with UUO treatment along with bioinformatics analysis. Furthermore, SQSTM1/P62 deficiency in renal tubular cells inhibited canagliflozin's effects that prevent FAO disorder in renal tubular cells and renal fibrosis. Mechanistically, the level of m6A eraser FTO, which interacted with SQSTM1 mRNA, decreased in the renal tubular cells both in vitro and in vivo after canagliflozin administration. Decrease in FTO stabilized SQSTM1 mRNA, which induced autophagosome formation. Collectively, this study uncovered a previously unrecognized function of canagliflozin in FTO in the autophagy modulation through the regulation of SQSTM1 mRNA stability in the renal tubular STAT6/PPARα/FAO axis and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjing Yang
- Chongqing University Central Hospital and Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianmin Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Ling
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Linxin Leng
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Chongqing University Central Hospital and Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Lian Xue
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guoyuan Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Jianzhong Li, ; Shasha Tao,
| | - Shasha Tao
- Chongqing University Central Hospital and Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China,School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jianzhong Li, ; Shasha Tao,
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105
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Chen J, Ye M, Bai J, Hu C, Lu F, Gu D, Yu P, Tang Q. Novel insights into the interplay between m6A modification and programmed cell death in cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:1748-1763. [PMID: 37063421 PMCID: PMC10092764 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.81000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, the most prevalent and abundant RNA modification in eukaryotes, has recently become a hot research topic. Several studies have indicated that m6A modification is dysregulated during the progression of multiple diseases, especially in cancer development. Programmed cell death (PCD) is an active and orderly method of cell death in the development of organisms, including apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis. As the study of PCD has become increasingly profound, accumulating evidence has revealed the mutual regulation of m6A modification and PCD, and their interaction can further influence the sensitivity of cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in m6A modification and PCD in terms of their interplay and potential mechanisms, as well as cancer therapeutic resistance. Our study provides promising insights and future directions for the examination and treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiyun Tang
- ✉ Corresponding author: Qiyun Tang, Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine Tumor, Nanjing Medical University, NO. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
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106
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Verghese M, Wilkinson E, He YY. Recent Advances in RNA m 6A Modification in Solid Tumors and Tumor Immunity. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 190:95-142. [PMID: 38113000 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45654-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
An analogous field to epigenetics is referred to as epitranscriptomics, which focuses on the study of post-transcriptional chemical modifications in RNA. RNA molecules, including mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, and other non-coding RNA molecules, can be edited with numerous modifications. The most prevalent modification in eukaryotic mRNA is N6-methyladenosine (m6A), which is a reversible modification found in over 7000 human genes. Recent technological advances have accelerated the characterization of these modifications, and they have been shown to play important roles in many biological processes, including pathogenic processes such as cancer. In this chapter, we discuss the role of m6A mRNA modification in cancer with a focus on solid tumor biology and immunity. m6A RNA methylation and its regulatory proteins can play context-dependent roles in solid tumor development and progression by modulating RNA metabolism to drive oncogenic or tumor-suppressive cellular pathways. m6A RNA methylation also plays dynamic roles within both immune cells and tumor cells to mediate the anti-tumor immune response. Finally, an emerging area of research within epitranscriptomics studies the role of m6A RNA methylation in promoting sensitivity or resistance to cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Overall, our understanding of m6A RNA methylation in solid tumors has advanced significantly, and continued research is needed both to fill gaps in knowledge and to identify potential areas of focus for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Verghese
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Emma Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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107
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METTL14 Regulates PLAGL2/ β-Catenin Signaling Axis to Promote the Development of Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:4738586. [PMID: 36873735 PMCID: PMC9981300 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4738586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an abundant eukaryotic mRNA modification involved in regulating the formation and metastasis of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We collected clinical NSCLC tissue and paracarcinoma tissue. Then methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14), pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2), and β-catenin expressions were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. PLAGL2, and β-catenin (nuclear) expressions were increased in NSCLC tissues. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and death were examined. PLAGL2 could activate β-catenin signaling to affect cell proliferation and migration abilities. RNA immunoprecipitation assay was operated to identify m6A modification levels of PLAGL2 after knockdown and overexpression of METTL14. PLAGL2 was regulated by METTL14-mediated m6A modification. Knockdown of METTL14 repressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted cell death. Interestingly, these effects were reversed when PLAGL2 was overexpressed. Finally, tumor formation in nude mice was performed to verify the role of the METTL14/PLAGL2/β-catenin signaling axis. Tumor formation in nude mice demonstrated METTL14/PLAGL2/β-catenin axis promoted NSCLC development in vivo. In brief, METTL14 promoted NSCLC development by increasing m6A methylation of PLAGL2 to activate β-catenin signaling. Our research provided essential clues for in-depth comprehension of the mechanism of NSCLC occurrence and development and also provided the basis for NSCLC treatment.
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108
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Chang ZS, He ZM, Xia JB. FoxO3 Regulates the Progress and Development of Aging and Aging-Related Diseases. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:991-1006. [PMID: 36239722 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666221014140817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable risk factor for many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes. Investigation into the molecular mechanisms involved in aging and longevity will benefit the treatment of age-dependent diseases and the development of preventative medicine for agingrelated diseases. Current evidence has revealed that FoxO3, encoding the transcription factor (FoxO)3, a key transcription factor that integrates different stimuli in the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and is involved in cell differentiation, protein homeostasis, stress resistance and stem cell status, plays a regulatory role in longevity and in age-related diseases. However, the precise mechanisms by which the FoxO3 transcription factor modulates aging and promotes longevity have been unclear until now. Here, we provide a brief overview of the mechanisms by which FoxO3 mediates signaling in pathways involved in aging and aging-related diseases, as well as the current knowledge on the role of the FoxO3 transcription factor in the human lifespan and its clinical prospects. Ultimately, we conclude that FoxO3 signaling pathways, including upstream and downstream molecules, may be underlying therapeutic targets in aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zao-Shang Chang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Ming He
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, Hunan, China
| | - Jing-Bo Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, Guangdong, China
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109
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Liang J, Sun J, Zhang W, Wang X, Xu Y, Peng Y, Zhang L, Xiong W, Liu Y, Liu H. Novel Insights into The Roles of N 6-methyladenosine (m 6A) Modification and Autophagy in Human Diseases. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:705-720. [PMID: 36632456 PMCID: PMC9830520 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.75466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular degradation and recycling process. It is important for maintaining vital cellular function and metabolism. Abnormal autophagy activity can cause the development of various diseases. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is the most prevalent and abundant internal modification in eukaryotes, affecting almost all aspects of RNA metabolism. The process of m6A modification is dynamic and adjustable. Its regulation depends on the regulation of m6A methyltransferases, m6A demethylases, and m6A binding proteins. m6A methylation and autophagy are two crucial and independent cellular events. Recent studies have shown that m6A modification mediates the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of autophagy-related genes, affecting autophagy regulatory networks in multiple diseases. However, the regulatory effects of m6A regulators on autophagy in human diseases are not adequately acknowledged. In the present review, we summarized the latest knowledge of m6A modification in autophagy and elucidated the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying m6A modification in autophagy regulatory networks. Moreover, we discuss the potentiality of m6A regulators serving as promising predictive biomarkers for human disease diagnosis and targets for therapy. This review will increase our understanding of the relationship between m6A methylation and autophagy, and provide novel insights to specifically target m6A modification in autophagy-associated therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jingwen Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiwen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wenqian Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Hengwei Liu, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China. E-mail: and Yi Liu, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. E-mail:
| | - Hengwei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Hengwei Liu, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China. E-mail: and Yi Liu, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. E-mail:
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Role of FOXO3a Transcription Factor in the Regulation of Liver Oxidative Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122478. [PMID: 36552685 PMCID: PMC9774119 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been identified as a key mechanism in liver damage caused by various chemicals. The transcription factor FOXO3a has emerged as a critical regulator of redox imbalance. Multiple post-translational changes and epigenetic processes closely regulate the activity of FOXO3a, resulting in synergistic or competing impacts on its subcellular localization, stability, protein-protein interactions, DNA binding affinity, and transcriptional programs. Depending on the chemical nature and subcellular context, the oxidative-stress-mediated activation of FOXO3a can induce multiple transcriptional programs that play crucial roles in oxidative injury to the liver by chemicals. Here, we mainly review the role of FOXO3a in coordinating programs of genes that are essential for cellular homeostasis, with an emphasis on exploring the regulatory mechanisms and potential application of FOXO3a as a therapeutic target to prevent and treat liver oxidative injury.
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111
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Liu Z, Zou H, Dang Q, Xu H, Liu L, Zhang Y, Lv J, Li H, Zhou Z, Han X. Biological and pharmacological roles of m 6A modifications in cancer drug resistance. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:220. [PMID: 36517820 PMCID: PMC9749187 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer drug resistance represents the main obstacle in cancer treatment. Drug-resistant cancers exhibit complex molecular mechanisms to hit back therapy under pharmacological pressure. As a reversible epigenetic modification, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification was regarded to be the most common epigenetic RNA modification. RNA methyltransferases (writers), demethylases (erasers), and m6A-binding proteins (readers) are frequently disordered in several tumors, thus regulating the expression of oncoproteins, enhancing tumorigenesis, cancer proliferation, development, and metastasis. The review elucidated the underlying role of m6A in therapy resistance. Alteration of the m6A modification affected drug efficacy by restructuring multidrug efflux transporters, drug-metabolizing enzymes, and anticancer drug targets. Furthermore, the variation resulted in resistance by regulating DNA damage repair, downstream adaptive response (apoptosis, autophagy, and oncogenic bypass signaling), cell stemness, tumor immune microenvironment, and exosomal non-coding RNA. It is highlighted that several small molecules targeting m6A regulators have shown significant potential for overcoming drug resistance in different cancer categories. Further inhibitors and activators of RNA m6A-modified proteins are expected to provide novel anticancer drugs, delivering the therapeutic potential for addressing the challenge of resistance in clinical resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoqu Liu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Haijiao Zou
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Qin Dang
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Hui Xu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Long Liu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Yuyuan Zhang
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Jinxiang Lv
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Huanyun Li
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Zhaokai Zhou
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Pediatric Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Xinwei Han
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
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Li G, Fu Q, Liu C, Peng Y, Gong J, Li S, Huang Y, Zhang H. The regulatory role of N6-methyladenosine RNA modification in gastric cancer: Molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1074307. [PMID: 36561529 PMCID: PMC9763625 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1074307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosinen (m6A) methylation is a frequent RNA methylation modification that is regulated by three proteins: "writers", "erasers", and "readers". The m6A modification regulates RNA stability and other mechanisms, including translation, cleavage, and degradation. Interestingly, recent research has linked m6A RNA modification to the occurrence and development of cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer. This review summarizes the regulatory role of m6A RNA modification in gastric cancer (GC), including targets, the mechanisms of action, and the potential signaling pathways. Our present findings can facilitate our understanding of the significance of m6A RNA modification in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Qiru Fu
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Editorial Department of Journal of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Yuxi Peng
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Gong
- Department of Abdominal and Pelvic Medical Oncology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Shilan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Haiyuan Zhang, ; Yan Huang,
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Haiyuan Zhang, ; Yan Huang,
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113
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YTHDF1 Protects Auditory Hair Cells from Cisplatin-Induced Damage by Activating Autophagy via the Promotion of ATG14 Translation. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7134-7151. [PMID: 36097301 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been recognized as a common type of post-transcriptional epigenetic modification. m6A modification and YTHDF1, one of its reader proteins, have been documented to play a pivotal role in numerous human diseases via regulating mRNA splicing, translation, stability, and subcellular localization. The chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin (CDP) can damage sensory hair cells (HCs) and result in permanent sensorineural hearing loss. However, whether YTHDF1-mediated modification of mRNA is potentially involved in CDP-induced injury in sensory hair cells was not fully clarified. This study investigated the potential mechanisms for the modification of YTHDF1 in CDP-induced damage in HCs. Here, we discovered that YTHDF1's expression level statistically increased significantly after treating with CDP. Apoptosis and cell death of HCs induced by CDP were exacerbated after the knockdown of YTHDF1, while overexpression of YTHDF1 in HCs alleviated their injury induced by CDP. Moreover, YTHDF1 expression correlated with cisplatin-induced autophagy with statistical significance in HCs; namely, YTHDF1's overexpression enhanced the activation of autophagy, while its deficiency suppressed autophagy and, at the same time, increased the loss of HCs after CDP damage. WB analysis and qRT-PCR results of autophagy-related genes indicated that YTHDF1 promoted the translation of autophagy-related genes ATG14, thus boosting autophagy. Therefore, CDP-induced YTHDF1 expression protected HCs against CDP-induced apoptosis by upregulating the translation of autophagy-related genes ATG14, along with enhancing autophagy. Based on these findings, it can be inferred that YTHDF1 is potentially a target for ameliorating drug-induced HCs damage through m6A modification.
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114
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Yue X, Kong Y, Zhang Y, Sun M, Liu S, Wu Z, Gao L, Liang X, Ma C. SREBF2-STARD4 axis confers sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating mitochondrial cholesterol homeostasis. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:477-489. [PMID: 35642354 PMCID: PMC9899602 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib resistance limits its survival benefit for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cholesterol metabolism is dysregulated in HCC, and its role in sorafenib resistance of HCC has not been fully elucidated. Aiming to elucidate this, in vitro and in vivo sorafenib resistant models were established. Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2 (SREBF2), the key regulator of cholesterol metabolism, was activated in sorafenib resistant HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Knockdown of SREBF2 resensitized sorafenib resistant cells and xenografts tumors to sorafenib. Further study showed that SREBF2 positively correlated with StAR related lipid transfer domain containing 4 (STARD4) in our sorafenib resistant models and publicly available datasets. STARD4, mediating cholesterol trafficking, not only promoted proliferation and migration of HepG2 and Huh7 cells, but also increased sorafenib resistance in liver cancer. Mechanically, SREBF2 promoted expression of STARD4 by directly binding to its promoter region, leading to increased mitochondrial cholesterol levels and inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome c release. Importantly, knockdown of SREBF2 or STARD4 decreased mitochondrial cholesterol levels and increased mitochondrial cytochrome c release, respectively. Moreover, overexpression of STARD4 reversed the effect of SREBF2 knockdown on mitochondrial cytochrome c release and sorafenib resistance. In conclusion, SREBF2 promotes STARD4 transcription, which in turn contributes to mitochondrial cholesterol transport and sorafenib resistance in HCC. Therefore, targeting the SREBF2-STARD4 axis would be beneficial to a subset of HCC patients with sorafenib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetian Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Youzi Kong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yankun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Shuyue Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Zhuanchang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Lifen Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
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Wang G, Luo G, Zhao M, Miao H. Significance of exosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1056379. [PMID: 36531059 PMCID: PMC9748478 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1056379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the most prevalent cancers in the world, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high mortality rate. The diagnosis and management of HCC are presently hindered by difficulties in early detection and suboptimal treatment outcomes. Exosomes have been shown to play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis and can also be used for diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we discussed the research progress on exosomes in hepatocarcinogenesis development, tumor microenvironment remodeling, treatment resistance, and immunosuppression. HCC can be diagnosed and treated by understanding the pathogenesis and identifying early diagnostic markers. This review will be a significant reference for scholars with an initial understanding of the field to fully understand the role of exosomes in the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuoYun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - GaiXiang Luo
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - MeiJing Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - HuiLai Miao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Injury Diagnosis and Repair, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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NEAT1 Confers Radioresistance to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Inducing PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214397. [PMID: 36430876 PMCID: PMC9692527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A long noncoding RNA, nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) variant 1 (NEAT1v1), confers radioresistance to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by inducing autophagy via γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor-associated protein (GABARAP). Radiation induces oxidative stress to damage cellular components and organelles, but it remains unclear how NEAT1v1 protects HCC cells from radiation-induced oxidative stress via autophagy. To address this, we precisely investigated NEAT1v1-induced autophagy in irradiated HCC cell lines. X-ray irradiation significantly increased cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA content in HCC cells while NEAT1v1 suppressed them. NEAT1v1 concomitantly induced the phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/parkin-mediated mitophagy. Interestingly, parkin expression was constitutively upregulated in NEAT1v1-overexpressing HCC cells, leading to increased mitochondrial parkin levels. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) was also upregulated by NEAT1v1, and GABARAP or SOD2 knockdown in NEAT1v1-overexpressing cells increased mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA content after irradiation. Moreover, it was suggested that SOD2 was involved in NEAT1v1-induced parkin expression, and that GABARAP promoted parkin degradation via mitophagy. This study highlights the unprecedented roles of NEAT1v1 in connecting radioresistance and mitophagy in HCC.
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Zhang J, Han H, Wang L, Wang W, Yang M, Qin Y. Overcoming the therapeutic resistance of hepatomas by targeting the tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988956. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for the majority of primary liver cancers and is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Multifactorial drug resistance is regarded as the major cause of treatment failure in HCC. Accumulating evidence shows that the constituents of the tumor microenvironment (TME), including cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor vasculature, immune cells, physical factors, cytokines, and exosomes may explain the therapeutic resistance mechanisms in HCC. In recent years, anti-angiogenic drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown satisfactory results in HCC patients. However, due to enhanced communication between the tumor and TME, the effect of heterogeneity of the microenvironment on therapeutic resistance is particularly complicated, which suggests a more challenging research direction. In addition, it has been reported that the three-dimensional (3D) organoid model derived from patient biopsies is more intuitive to fully understand the role of the TME in acquired resistance. Therefore, in this review, we have focused not only on the mechanisms and targets of therapeutic resistance related to the contents of the TME in HCC but also provide a comprehensive description of 3D models and how they contribute to the exploration of HCC therapies.
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N6-Methyladenosine Modification of CIRCKRT17 Initiated by METTL3 Promotes Osimertinib Resistance of Lung Adenocarcinoma by EIF4A3 to Enhance YAP1 Stability. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225582. [PMID: 36428672 PMCID: PMC9688051 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a key role in regulating the drug resistance of numerous human tumors. However, whether circKRT17 involves in the osimertinib resistance of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains undetermined. METHODS Relative mRNA/circRNA and protein levels were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Localization of circKRT17 and YAP1 was determined by FISH and immunofluorescence staining. Cell growth and apoptosis were evaluated using colony formation, EdU assays, and flow cytometry. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification was analyzed by MeRIP. The interplay between EIF4A3 and circKRT17 or YAP1 was verified by RNA pull-down or/and RIP assays. Subcutaneous tumor growth was monitored in nude mice, and Ki-67 and TUNEL staining were carried out to evaluate cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. RESULTS CircKRT17 and METTL3 were elevated in osimertinib-insensitive LUAD tissues and cells. Knockdown of circKRT 17 and METTL3 increased the sensitivity of LUAD cells to osimertinib. Knockdown of METTL3 decreased the expression of circKRT17 by inhibiting m6A modification. CircKRT17 promoted the stability and nuclear transportation of YAP1 by recruiting EIF4A3 in LUAD cells. Overexpression of YAP1 abolished the impacts of circKRT17 knockdown on the osimertinib sensitivity of LUAD cells. CircKRT17 knockdown increased the repressive effects of osimertinib on tumor growth in vivo by inhibiting YAP1 signaling. CONCLUSION METTL3 initiated the m6A modification of circKRT17, thus promoting osimertinib resistance of LUAD by enhancing YAP1 stability through EIF4A4 recruitment.
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Yan Y, Wei W, Long S, Ye S, Yang B, Jiang J, Li X, Chen J. The role of RNA modification in the generation of acquired drug resistance in glioma. Front Genet 2022; 13:1032286. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1032286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant tumor in the central nervous system. The clinical treatment strategy is mainly surgery combined with concurrent temozolomide chemotherapy, but patients can develop drug resistance during treatment, which severely limits its therapeutic efficacy. Epigenetic regulation at the RNA level is plastic and adaptable, and it can induce a variety of tumor responses to drugs. The regulators of RNA modification include methyltransferases, demethylases, and methylation binding proteins; these are also considered to play an important role in the development, prognosis, and therapeutic response of gliomas, which provides a basis for finding new targets of epigenetic drugs and resetting the sensitivity of tumor cells to temozolomide. This review discusses the relationship between the development of adaptive drug resistance and RNA modification in glioma and summarizes the progress of several major RNA modification strategies in this field, especially RNA m6A modification, m5C modification, and adenosine-to-inosine editing.
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120
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Zhao K, Wei B, Zhang Y, Shi W, Zhang G, Wang Z. M6A regulator-mediated immune infiltration and methylation modification in hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment and immunotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1052177. [PMID: 36438800 PMCID: PMC9685318 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1052177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Tremendous evidence indicates that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) epigenetic modification and m6A-related enzymes constitute a complex network, which jointly regulates prevailing pathological processes and various signaling pathways in humankind. Currently, the role of the m6A-mediated molecular regulatory network in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains elusive. Methods: We recruited expression and pathological files of 368 HCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. Four public datasets serve as external authentication sets for nearest template prediction (NTP) validation. The correlation between 35 regulators and their prognostic value was compared. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was used to explore the latent mechanism. Four independent algorithms (ssGSEA, xCell, MCP-counter, and TIMER) were used to calculate the ratio of tumor cells and non-tumor cells to evaluate the tumor immune microenvironment. The m6Ascore model was established by principal component analysis (PCA). Prediction of immunotherapy and potential drugs was performed using TIDE and SubMap. Results: A total of 35 m6A regulators were widely associated, most of which were risk factors for HCC patients. The m6A phenotypic-cluster revealed differences in regulator transcriptional level, gene mutation frequency, functional pathways, and immune cell infiltration abundance under distinct m6A patterns. As expected, the m6A gene cluster confirmed the aforementioned results. The m6Ascore model further found that patients in the high-m6Ascore group were associated with lower tumor purity, higher enrichment of immune and stromal cells, upregulation of metabolic pathways, lower expression of m6A regulators, and favorable outcomes. Low-m6Ascore patients were associated with adverse outcomes. Notably, low-m6Ascore patients might be more sensitive to anti-PD-L1 therapy. Conclusion: This study found that a classification model based on the m6A manner could predict HCC prognosis and response to immunotherapy for HCC patients, which might improve prognosis and contribute to clinical individualized decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yingxuan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenkai Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guokun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhengfeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Zhang C, Zhang W, Shui Y, Li P, Tian Z, Duan S, Wei Q. Implications of m6A-associated snRNAs in the prognosis and immunotherapeutic responses of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1001506. [PMID: 36405741 PMCID: PMC9667552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent pathological type of liver cancer worldwide with high mortality and poor prognosis. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) can modify RNAs such as mRNA, lncRNA, miRNA, and tRNA, thereby playing a critical role in the pathogenesis of HCC. However, the role of m6A-associated small nuclear RNA (snRNA) in the prognostic value and immunotherapeutic response in HCC remains unclear. Materials and methods In this study, snRNA expression data, gene mutation data, and clinical data of HCC patients were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis to identify significant prognostic m6A-associated snRNAs, and then developed a multivariate Cox model based on the selected snRNAs. HCC patients were split into low- and high-risk groups based on the median risk score. We subsequently performed Kaplan-Meier curve analysis to estimate overall survival (OS) by clinicopathological characteristics and tumor mutational burden (TMB) status in low- and high-risk HCC patients. Finally, we compared the immunotherapeutic response as represented by tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) scores between the two risk groups. Results Eight m6A-associated snRNAs were selected as independent predictors to develop the risk model. Our results revealed that the OS of HCC patients in the high-risk group was significantly worse than that in the low-risk group on clinicopathologic characteristics, including age (≤65 years and >65 years), gender (male), grade (G I-II and G III-IV) and TNM staging (Stage I-II and Stage III-IV). In addition, the OS of low-TMB and low-risk group was longer than that of high-TMB and high-risk group. The TIDE score indicated that HCC patients in the high-risk group were more susceptible to immunotherapy. Conclusion Our study suggests that m6A-associated snRNAs may be useful biomarkers for the prognosis of HCC and that m6A-associated snRNA models can predict the effect of immunotherapy in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wangjian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongjie Shui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhifeng Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Qichun Wei, ; Shiwei Duan,
| | - Qichun Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Qichun Wei, ; Shiwei Duan,
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Qu N, Zhang X, Wu X, Zhou X, Deng Z, Ma L, Liu Y, Ge W, Jiang H, Xu L, Jiang H. Clinical implications of m6A‐related regulators YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. PRECISION MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/prm2.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nanfang Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University Guilin People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pathology Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University Guilin People's Republic of China
| | - Xianbin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology Nanning Second Peoples Hospital Nanning People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Emergency Department Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital Guizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Zhejun Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University Guilin People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University Guilin People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhong Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University Guilin People's Republic of China
| | - Huanghuang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University Guilin People's Republic of China
| | - Longkuan Xu
- Department of Pathology Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University Guilin People's Republic of China
| | - Haixing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning People's Republic of China
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123
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Zhang C, Dai D, Zhang W, Yang W, Guo Y, Wei Q. Role of m6A RNA methylation in the development of hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:2039-2050. [PMID: 36066844 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy that can be developed from hepatitis B and cirrhosis. Many pathophysiological alterations, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA integration, oxidative stress, cytokine release, telomerase homeostasis, mitochondrial damage, epigenetic modification, and tumor microenvironment, are involved in the biological process from hepatitis B to cirrhosis and HCC. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), as an epitranscriptomic modification of RNAs, can regulate the stability, splicing, degradation, transcription, and translation of downstream target RNAs in HBV and liver cancer cells. m6A regulators (writers, erasers, and readers) play an important role in the pathogenesis of HBV-associated HCC by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, autophagy, differentiation, inflammation, angiogenesis, and tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes the current progress of m6A methylation in the molecular mechanisms, biological functions, and potential clinical implications of HBV-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongjun Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wangjian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinglu Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qichun Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhang J, Zhao J, Wei S, Huang P, Tu X, Su G, Gan Y, Gong W, Xiang B. Developing and Validating an Autophagy Gene-Set-Based Prognostic Signature in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:8399-8415. [DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s388592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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125
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Li W, Deng X, Chen J. RNA-binding proteins in regulating mRNA stability and translation: roles and mechanisms in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:664-677. [PMID: 35381329 PMCID: PMC9526761 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key players in cellular physiology through posttranscriptional regulation of the expression of target RNA transcripts. By modulating the processing, stability and translation of cancer-related messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts, a large set of RBPs play essential roles in various types of cancers. Perturbations in RBP activity have been causally associated with cancer development, tumor metabolism, drug resistance, cancer stem cell self-renewal, and tumor immune evasion. Here, we summarize the recent advances in cancer pathological roles and mechanisms of RBPs in regulating mRNA stability and translation with an emphasis on the emerging category of RNA modification-associated RBPs. The functional diversity of RBPs in different types of cancers and the therapeutic potential of targeting dysregulated RBPs for cancer treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia 91016, USA
| | - Xiaolan Deng
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia 91016, USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia 91016, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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126
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The Role of N6-Methyladenosine Modification in Microvascular Dysfunction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203193. [PMID: 36291060 PMCID: PMC9600171 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular dysfunction (MVD) has long plagued the medical field despite improvements in its prevention, diagnosis, and intervention. Microvascular lesions from MVD increase with age and further lead to impaired microcirculation, target organ dysfunction, and a mass of microvascular complications, thus contributing to a heavy medical burden and rising disability rates. An up-to-date understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying MVD will facilitate discoveries of more effective therapeutic strategies. Recent advances in epigenetics have revealed that RNA methylation, an epigenetic modification, has a pivotal role in vascular events. The N6-methylation of adenosine (m6A) modification is the most prevalent internal RNA modification in eukaryotic cells, which regulates vascular transcripts through splicing, degradation, translation, as well as translocation, thus maintaining microvascular homeostasis. Conversely, the disruption of the m6A regulatory network will lead to MVD. Herein, we provide a review discussing how m6A methylation interacts with MVD. We also focus on alterations of the m6A regulatory network under pathological conditions. Finally, we highlight the value of m6A regulators as prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets, which might be a promising addition to clinical medicine.
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127
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Hao W, Dian M, Zhou Y, Zhong Q, Pang W, Li Z, Zhao Y, Ma J, Lin X, Luo R, Li Y, Jia J, Shen H, Huang S, Dai G, Wang J, Sun Y, Xiao D. Autophagy induction promoted by m 6A reader YTHDF3 through translation upregulation of FOXO3 mRNA. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5845. [PMID: 36195598 PMCID: PMC9532426 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32963-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is crucial for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis and for cells to adapt to nutrient deficiency, and nutrient sensors regulating autophagy have been reported previously. However, the role of eiptranscriptomic modifications such as m6A in the regulation of starvation-induced autophagy is unclear. Here, we show that the m6A reader YTHDF3 is essential for autophagy induction. m6A modification is up-regulated to promote autophagosome formation and lysosomal degradation upon nutrient deficiency. METTL3 depletion leads to a loss of functional m6A modification and inhibits YTHDF3-mediated autophagy flux. YTHDF3 promotes autophagy by recognizing m6A modification sites around the stop codon of FOXO3 mRNA. YTHDF3 also recruits eIF3a and eIF4B to facilitate FOXO3 translation, subsequently initiating autophagy. Overall, our study demonstrates that the epitranscriptome regulator YTHDF3 functions as a nutrient responder, providing a glimpse into the post-transcriptional RNA modifications that regulate metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- WeiChao Hao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - MeiJuan Dian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - QiuLing Zhong
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - WenQian Pang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - ZiJian Li
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - YaYan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - JiaCheng Ma
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 10084, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoLin Lin
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315, Guangzhou, China
| | - RenRu Luo
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - YongLong Li
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - JunShuang Jia
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - HongFen Shen
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - ShiHao Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - GuanQi Dai
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - JiaHong Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Sun
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dong Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Education of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
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128
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Ma W, Wu T. RNA m6A modification in liver biology and its implication in hepatic diseases and carcinogenesis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1190-C1205. [PMID: 36036444 PMCID: PMC9576175 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00214.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification in eukaryotic RNAs. This modification is regulated by three different factors (writers, erasers, and readers) and affects multiple aspects of RNA metabolism, including RNA splicing, nuclear export, translation, stability and decay. The m6A-mediated modification plays important roles in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression and mediates a variety of cellular and biological processes. Accordingly, deregulation in m6A modification is closely related to the occurrence and development of human diseases. The liver is the largest digestive and metabolic organ in human and recent studies have shown that m6A modification is importantly implicated in liver cellular and physiological functions and in the pathogenesis of hepatic diseases and cancers. In the current review, we summarize the functions of m6A in RNA metabolism and its roles in liver cell biology and discuss its implication in hepatic diseases and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Ma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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129
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Chen J, Li S, Huang Z, Cao C, Wang A, He Q. METTL3 suppresses anlotinib sensitivity by regulating m 6A modification of FGFR3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:295. [PMID: 36167542 PMCID: PMC9516809 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an abundant nucleotide modification in mRNA, but there were few studies on its role in cancer drug sensitivity and resistance. Anlotinib has been proved to have effective antitumor effects in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in our previous study. Here, we sought to investigate the treatment target of anlotinib and the function and mechanisms of m6A modification in regulating anlotinib effect in OSCC. Methods Anlotinib treatment in a dose-dependent manner, western blotting, qRT-PCR and cell lost-of-function assays were used to study the treatment target of anlotinib in OSCC. RNA m6A dot blot assays, the m6A MeRIP-seq and MeRIP-qPCR, RNA and protein stability assays were used to explore the m6A modification of the treatment target of anlotinib. Cell lost-of-function assays after METTL3 depletion were conducted to investigate the effect of m6A modification level on the therapeutic effect of anlotinib in OSCC. Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to study the relationship of METTL3 and antitumor sensitivity of anlotinib in vivo. Results Anlotinib targeted FGFR3 in the treatment of OSCC and inhibited tumor cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis by inactivating the FGFR3/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. METTL3 was identified to target and modify FGFR3 m6A methylation and then decrease the stability of mRNA. METTL3 expression level was related to the anlotinib sensitivity in OSCC cells in vitro and METTL3 knockdown promoted anlotinib sensitivity of OSCC cells by inhibiting the FGFR3 expression. PDX models samples furthermore showed that METTL3 and FGFR3 levels were tightly correlated with the anlotinib efficacy in OSCC. Conclusions In summary, our work revealed that FGFR3 was served as the treatment target of anlotinib and METTL3-mediated FGFR3 m6A modification played a critical function in the anlotinib sensitivity in OSCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02715-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhexun Huang
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Congyuan Cao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Anxun Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Qianting He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Liu S, Chen L, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, He Y, Chen Z, Qi S, Zhu J, Chen X, Zhang H, Luo Y, Qiu Y, Tao L, Zhu F. M6AREG: m6A-centered regulation of disease development and drug response. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 51:D1333-D1344. [PMID: 36134713 PMCID: PMC9825441 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most prevalent internal modification in eukaryotic RNAs, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been discovered to play an essential role in cellular proliferation, metabolic homeostasis, embryonic development, etc. With the rapid accumulation of research interest in m6A, its crucial roles in the regulations of disease development and drug response are gaining more and more attention. Thus, a database offering such valuable data on m6A-centered regulation is greatly needed; however, no such database is as yet available. Herein, a new database named 'M6AREG' is developed to (i) systematically cover, for the first time, data on the effects of m6A-centered regulation on both disease development and drug response, (ii) explicitly describe the molecular mechanism underlying each type of regulation and (iii) fully reference the collected data by cross-linking to existing databases. Since the accumulated data are valuable for researchers in diverse disciplines (such as pathology and pathophysiology, clinical laboratory diagnostics, medicinal biochemistry and drug design), M6AREG is expected to have many implications for the future conduct of m6A-based regulation studies. It is currently accessible by all users at: https://idrblab.org/m6areg/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiping Liu
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Shuiping Liu.
| | | | | | | | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou 330110, China
| | - Shasha Qi
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jinyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yongchao Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou 330110, China
| | - Yunqing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Lin Tao
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Lin Tao.
| | - Feng Zhu
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 189 8946 6518; Fax: +86 571 8820 8444;
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Cheng L, Li H, Zhan H, Liu Y, Li X, Huang Y, Wang L, Zhang F, Li Y. Alterations of m6A RNA methylation regulators contribute to autophagy and immune infiltration in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:949206. [PMID: 36203590 PMCID: PMC9530814 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification is a new epigenetic regulation mechanism on eukaryotic mRNA. Few autoimmune diseases focused on the role of m6A in their pathogenies, and m6A modulation in the pathological process of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is still unknown. In this work, three microarray datasets of pSS patients were downloaded from the GEO database: datasets #1 and #2 from the whole peripheral blood (PB) samples, dataset #3 from the labial salivary gland tissue samples, as well as a PB cohort collected from our hospital. Six differentially expressed m6A regulators were identified by comparing the PB dataset #1 of pSS and healthy controls using the Wilcox test and logistic regression analysis. Among them, four (ALKBH5, RBMX, RBM15B, and YTHDF1) were confirmed as down-regulated in PB dataset #2 and in our PB cohort by RT-PCR, and four (ALKBH5, METTL3, RBM15B, and YTHDF1) were confirmed as down-regulated in the dataset #3 of the labial gland tissue. In addition, discrepantly expressed m6A regulators accompanied by diverse immunocytes, including dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, and CD56dim natural killer cells, and among the regulators, ALKBH5 and METTL3 were comprehensively linked with the infiltrated immune cells. Notably, the most enriched autophagy mechanism mediated by m6A was observed in pSS using functional annotation analysis. Ten hub genes were identified using a protein-protein interaction network, and their expression in PB dataset #2 and the expression of three genes (PIK3CA, STAT1, and MAPK3) in the labial gland tissue dataset #3 were confirmed. Our study provides evidence that m6A methylation is widely involved in the immune infiltration and autophagy of pSS, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of this disease and potentially representing a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haoting Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongzhe Li,
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Zhang G, Wang T, Huang Z, Chen Y, Sun L, Xia X, He F, Fan C, Wang S, Liu W. METTL3 dual regulation of the stability of LINC00662 and VEGFA RNAs promotes colorectal cancer angiogenesis. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:89. [PMID: 36114893 PMCID: PMC9482670 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The angiogenesis is among the primary factors that affect tumor recurrence and distant organ metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is one of the most common chemical modifications in eukaryotic mRNA, especially at the post-transcriptional level. Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) promoting angiogenesis in a variety of tumors has been reported. However, the mechanism of how METTL3 dual-regulates the stability of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and vascular-related factor RNAs to affect angiogenesis in CRC is unclear. METHODS 64 paired CRC and adjacent normal tissues were collected. In vitro, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), actinomycin assay, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) experiment,3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) and colony formation assay were performed. The functions were also studied in zebrafish model animals in vivo. RESULTS We found that the vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA), METTL3 and LINC00662 RNAs were highly expressed in CRC, and that METTL3 was significantly positively correlated with LINC00662 and VEGFA. The protein expression levels of CD31, CD34, VEGFA, m6A and METTL3 were all significantly increased in the CRC tissues. The angiogenesis experiments both in vivo and in vitro found that METTL3 and LINC00662 promoted angiogenesis in CRC. The actinomycin assay indicated that METTL3 maintained the stability of LINC00662 and VEGFA RNAs. In addition, the MeRIP experiment confirmed that the LINC00662 and VEGFA RNAs had METTL3-enriched sites. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that METTL3 and LINC00662 may both serve as diagnostic and prognostic predictive biomarkers for CRC and potential targets for anti-vascular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Zhang
- Department of General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 179, Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianjun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zihui Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 179, Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 179, Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 179, Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenying Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 179, Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shukui Wang
- Department of General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wanli Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 179, Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
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133
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Feng Q, Wang D, Xue T, Lin C, Gao Y, Sun L, Jin Y, Liu D. The role of RNA modification in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:984453. [PMID: 36120301 PMCID: PMC9479111 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.984453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly mortal type of primary liver cancer. Abnormal epigenetic modifications are present in HCC, and RNA modification is dynamic and reversible and is a key post-transcriptional regulator. With the in-depth study of post-transcriptional modifications, RNA modifications are aberrantly expressed in human cancers. Moreover, the regulators of RNA modifications can be used as potential targets for cancer therapy. In RNA modifications, N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N7-methylguanosine (m7G), and 5-methylcytosine (m5C) and their regulators have important regulatory roles in HCC progression and represent potential novel biomarkers for the confirmation of diagnosis and treatment of HCC. This review focuses on RNA modifications in HCC and the roles and mechanisms of m6A, m7G, m5C, N1-methyladenosine (m1A), N3-methylcytosine (m3C), and pseudouridine (ψ) on its development and maintenance. The potential therapeutic strategies of RNA modifications are elaborated for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Feng
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyi Xue
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Lin
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jilin Business and Technology College, Changchun, China
| | - Yongjian Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liqun Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dianfeng Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Dianfeng Liu,
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134
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Critical role of m 6A modification in T-helper cell disorders. Mol Immunol 2022; 151:1-10. [PMID: 36058047 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Diseases with T-helper cell subset imbalance involve multiple systems and organs. In addition to this, the pathogenesis of these diseases is always complex, and involves Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, and Tfh cells. T-helper cell subset imbalance mediates immune responses to various pathogenic factors, by secreting specific cytokines. Although several studies have revealed the specific mechanisms of the occurrence and development of these diseases from different aspects, there is still a need for more comprehensive and in-depth studies that can compensate for the corresponding gaps in the diagnosis, targeted therapy, and prognosis of these diseases. N6-methyladenosine(m6A) modification is the most prevalent and abundant post-transcriptional modification in eukaryotic RNAs. In recent years, the critical role of m6A modification has been confirmed in multiple diseases with T-helper cell subset imbalance. m6A modification affects the immune cell development, inflammatory processes, biological behaviour of tumours, and immune response in these diseases. In this review, we focussed on how the enzymes involved in m6A modification, directly or indirectly, influence the pathogenesis and phenotype of various diseases with T-helper cell subset imbalance, and could therefore, serve as potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for these diseases. In addition, this review also discusses the focus of future research in this area. Finally, we summarise the prospects of m6A modification in immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
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135
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Niu X, Yang Y, Ren Y, Zhou S, Mao Q, Wang Y. Crosstalk between m 6A regulators and mRNA during cancer progression. Oncogene 2022; 41:4407-4419. [PMID: 36008465 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
m6A modification, the most abundant and widespread RNA modification, is present and involved in the occurrence and development of various cancers. To date, most studies have mainly focused on the roles of a single m6A regulator (writer/eraser/reader) in various cancers, but cumulative evidence shows that aberrant m6A regulators and m6A levels exert dual effects (promoting and/or inhibiting roles) in cancer progression. Recently, studies have investigated the direct interactions between different m6A regulators (writer/eraser and reader) and mRNAs in a variety of cancers. In this review, we summarize the functions of m6A regulators and their roles in various types of cancers. We further propose the possible crosstalk mechanisms (Writer-m6A-Reader-mRNA axis and Eraser-m6A-Reader-mRNA axis) between different m6A regulators and mRNAs during cancer progression. We also discuss the clinical potential of m6A regulator‑targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanming Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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You Y, Wen D, Zeng L, Lu J, Xiao X, Chen Y, Song H, Liu Z. ALKBH5/MAP3K8 axis regulates PD-L1+ macrophage infiltration and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5001-5018. [PMID: 35982895 PMCID: PMC9379398 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.70149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors.M6A is a novel epigenetic modification that have been emerged as vital regulators for the progression of HCC. However, the regulatory role, clinical significance and the details of the modification, such as the impact on the local tumor environment, remain largely unclear. Our study showed that ALKBH5 was highly expressed in HCC and high ALKBH5 expression predicted a worse prognosis of HCC patients. Prediction of ALKBH5 function by tissue samples and single cell sequencing Gene Set Variation Analysis. Primary CD3 + T lymphocytes and bone marrow-derived macrophages were used to evaluate the effect of ALKBH5 on immune microenvironment. The results indicated that ALKBH5 promote HCC cell proliferation, metastasis and PD-L1+macrophage recruitment. Mechanistically the results showed that ALKBH5 regulates MAP3K8 expression in a m6A dependent manner which mediates the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells. ALKBH5 also promotes the activation of JNK and ERK pathways through upregulating MAP3K8, thus regulating the expression of IL-8 and promoting macrophage recruitment. Taken together, these data show that ALKBH5 promotes HCC growth, metastasis and macrophage recruitment through ALKBH5/MAP3K8 axis and it may serve as a potential diagnostic marker and target for treatment of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu You
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Diguang Wen
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Lu Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Jiao Lu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Central Hospital (Chongqing Emergency Medical Center), Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yucheng Chen
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Hua Song
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Zuojin Liu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
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137
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Wen X, Wang J, Wang Q, Liu P, Zhao H. Interaction between N6-methyladenosine and autophagy in the regulation of bone and tissue degeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:978283. [PMID: 36072293 PMCID: PMC9443517 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.978283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone and tissue degeneration are the most common skeletal disorders that seriously affect people’s quality of life. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most common RNA modifications in eukaryotic cells, affecting the alternative splicing, translation, stability and degradation of mRNA. Interestingly, increasing number of evidences have indicated that m6A modification could modulate the expression of autophagy-related (ATG) genes and promote autophagy in the cells. Autophagy is an important process regulating intracellular turnover and is evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotes. Abnormal autophagy results in a variety of diseases, including cardiomyopathy, degenerative disorders, and inflammation. Thus, the interaction between m6A modification and autophagy plays a prominent role in the onset and progression of bone and tissue degeneration. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge related to the effect of m6A modification on autophagy, and introduce the role of the crosstalk between m6A modification and autophagy in bone and tissue degeneration. An in-depth knowledge of the above crosstalk may help to improve our understanding of their effects on bone and tissue degeneration and provide novel insights for the future therapeutics.
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138
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Liu ZY, Zhang DY, Lin XH, Sun JL, Abuduwaili W, Zhang GC, Xu RC, Wang F, Yu XN, Shi X, Deng B, Dong L, Weng SQ, Zhu JM, Shen XZ, Liu TT. Nalidixic acid potentiates the antitumor activity in sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma via the tumor immune microenvironment analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:952482. [PMID: 36071851 PMCID: PMC9441713 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.952482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib resistance is often developed and impedes the benefits of clinical therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, the relationship between sorafenib resistance and tumor immune environment and adjuvant drugs for sorafenib-resistant HCC are not systemically identified. This study first analyzed the expression profiles of sorafenib-resistant HCC cells to explore immune cell infiltration levels and differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs). The prognostic value of DEIRGs was analyzed using Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas. The primary immune cells infiltrated in sorafenib-resistant HCC mice were explored using flow cytometry (FCM). Finally, small-molecule drugs for sorafenib-resistant HCC treatment were screened and validated by experiments. The CIBERSORT algorithm and mice model showed that macrophages and neutrophils are highly infiltrated, while CD8+ T cells are downregulated in sorafenib-resistant HCC. Totally, 34 DEIRGs were obtained from sorafenib-resistant and control groups, which were highly enriched in immune-associated biological processes and pathways. NR6A1, CXCL5, C3, and TGFB1 were further identified as prognostic markers for HCC patients. Finally, nalidixic acid was identified as a promising antagonist for sorafenib-resistant HCC treatment. Collectively, our study reveals the tumor immune microenvironment changes and explores a promising adjuvant drug to overcome sorafenib resistance in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Ying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia-Hui Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Lei Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Weinire Abuduwaili
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Cong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru-Chen Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Nan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Qiang Weng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Min Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Zhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xi-Zhong Shen, ; Tao-Tao Liu,
| | - Tao-Tao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xi-Zhong Shen, ; Tao-Tao Liu,
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139
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Tian X, Yan T, Liu F, Liu Q, Zhao J, Xiong H, Jiang S. Link of sorafenib resistance with the tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma: Mechanistic insights. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:991052. [PMID: 36071839 PMCID: PMC9441942 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.991052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic, antiproliferative, and proapoptotic properties, is the first-line treatment for patients with late-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the therapeutic effect remains limited due to sorafenib resistance. Only about 30% of HCC patients respond well to the treatment, and the resistance almost inevitably happens within 6 months. Thus, it is critical to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and identify effective approaches to improve the therapeutic outcome. According to recent studies, tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune escape play critical roles in tumor occurrence, metastasis and anti-cancer drug resistance. The relevant mechanisms were focusing on hypoxia, tumor-associated immune-suppressive cells, and immunosuppressive molecules. In this review, we focus on sorafenib resistance and its relationship with liver cancer immune microenvironment, highlighting the importance of breaking sorafenib resistance in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Tian
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tinghao Yan
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qingbin Liu
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Basic Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Huabao Xiong, ; Shulong Jiang,
| | - Shulong Jiang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Huabao Xiong, ; Shulong Jiang,
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140
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N(6)-methyladenosine modification: A vital role of programmed cell death in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Int J Cardiol 2022; 367:11-19. [PMID: 36002042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is closely associated with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). As the most common modification among RNA modifications, the reversible m6A modification is processed by methylase ("writers") and demethylase ("erasers"). The biological effects of RNA modified by m6A are regulated under the corresponding RNA binding proteins (RBPs) ("readers"). m6A modification regulates the whole process of RNA, including transcription, processing, splicing, nuclear export, stability, degradation, and translation. Programmed cell death (PCD) is a regulated mechanism that maintains the internal environment's stability. PCD plays an essential role in MIRI, including apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis. However, the relationship between PCD modified with m6A and MIRI is still not clear. This review summarizes the regulators of m6A modification and their bioeffects on PCD in MIRI.
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141
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Sun Y, Zhang H, Meng J, Guo F, Ren D, Wu H, Jin X. S-palmitoylation of PCSK9 induces sorafenib resistance in liver cancer by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111194. [PMID: 35977495 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is currently the first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, sorafenib resistance remains a significant challenge. Aberrant AKT signaling activation is a crucial mechanism driving sorafenib resistance in HCC. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a vital role in antitumor immune responses. In this study, we demonstrate that aberrant PCSK9 upregulation promotes cell proliferation and sorafenib resistance in HCC by inducing AKT-S473 phosphorylation. After palmitoylation at cysteine 600, the binding affinity between PCSK9 and tensin homolog (PTEN) is dramatically increased, inducing lysosome-mediated PTEN degradation and subsequent AKT activation. We identify zinc finger DHHC-type palmitoyltransferase 16 (ZDHHC16) as a palmitoyltransferase that promotes PCSK9 palmitoylation at cysteine 600. We also develop a biologically active PCSK9-derived peptide that competitively inhibits PCSK9 palmitoylation, suppressing AKT phosphorylation and augmenting the antitumor effects of sorafenib in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Junpeng Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of General Surgery, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Dianyun Ren
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Heshui Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Urology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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142
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Sun Y, Guan X, Zhang T, Li Y, Shi H, Chitakunye AT, Hong H, Zhang S, Zhu Q, Cai L. Regulation of the sensitivity of hepatocarcinoma cells by ORMDL3, to sorafenib by autophagy. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:159. [PMID: 35972600 PMCID: PMC9381447 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Serum orosomucoid1-like protein 3 (ORMDL3) is a membrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum, known to regulate many important signal transduction processes and autophagy regulation, but it is unclear whether it is involved in the intratumoral microenvironment and cancer drug resistance. Our present study found that silencing ORMDL3 increases the inhibitory effect of sorafenib on the viability and proliferation in HCC cells, and increases the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib. In addition, silencing ORMDL3 can increase ROS levels by inhibiting autophagy, thereby increasing sorafenib-induced apoptosis of HCC cells. Further, our study also found that ORMDL3 silencing inhibits autophagy through the PERK-ATF4-Beclin1 pathway, thus affecting sorafenib sensitivity. The in vivo effects of sorafenib were tested by xenografting using nude mice. It showed that silencing ORMDL3 in HCC cells could increase the inhibitory effect of sorafenib on the growth of tumors. This is the first report to describe the relationships among ORMDL3, autophagy, and sorafenib resistance. This study provides available targets that might have a synergetic effect with sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Sun
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xueran Guan
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huiling Shi
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ashleigh Tinotenda Chitakunye
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hanyu Hong
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shihui Zhang
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
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143
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Sun R, Tian X, Li Y, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Hu Y, Zhang L, Wang Y, Gao D, Zheng S, Yao J. The m6A reader YTHDF3-mediated PRDX3 translation alleviates liver fibrosis. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102378. [PMID: 35779442 PMCID: PMC9287738 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinyao Tian
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Liver Transplantation, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhecheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dongyan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Liver Transplantation, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Multifaceted Roles of the N6-Methyladenosine RNA Methyltransferase METTL3 in Cancer and Immune Microenvironment. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081042. [PMID: 36008936 PMCID: PMC9406229 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most abundant internal mRNA modification in eukaryotic cells, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has emerged as an important regulator of gene expression and has a profound impact on cancer initiation and progression. mRNA m6A modification is regulated by m6A methyltransferases, demethylases and reader proteins to fine tune gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The most well-studied m6A methyltransferase, METTL3, plays critical roles in regulating gene expression and affecting the outcome of various cancers. In this review, we discuss the multifaceted roles of METTL3 in regulating specific molecular signaling pathways in different types of cancers and the recent progress on how METTL3 impacts the tumor immune microenvironment. Finally, we discuss future directions and the potential for therapeutic targeting of METTL3 in cancer treatment.
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Jia J, Wu S, Jia Z, Wang C, Ju C, Sheng J, He F, Zhou M, He J. Novel insights into m 6A modification of coding and non-coding RNAs in tumor biology: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic significance. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4432-4451. [PMID: 35864970 PMCID: PMC9295064 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.73093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has revealed that m6A modification, the predominant RNA modification in eukaryotes, adds a novel layer of regulation to the gene expression. Dynamic and reversible m6A modification implements sophisticated and crucial functions in RNA metabolism, including generation, splicing, stability, and translation in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Furthermore, m6A modification plays a determining role in producing various m6A-labeling RNA outcomes, thereby affecting several functional processes, including tumorigenesis and progression. Herein, we highlighted current advances in m6A modification and the regulatory mechanisms underlying mRNAs and ncRNAs in distinct cancer stages. Meanwhile, we also focused on the therapeutic significance of m6A regulators in clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Jia
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Suwen Wu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zimo Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Chenxi Ju
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jinxiu Sheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Fucheng He
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Mingxia Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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146
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Chen Q, Yang SB, Zhang YW, Han SY, Jia L, Li B, Zhang Y, Zuo S. miR-3682-3p directly targets FOXO3 and stimulates tumor stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma via a positive feedback loop involving FOXO3/PI3K/AKT/c-Myc. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:539-555. [PMID: 36157524 PMCID: PMC9350627 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i7.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been implicated in tumorigenesis and tumor recurrence and metastasis are key therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. MicroRNAs display therapeutic potential by controlling the properties of CSCs; however, whether an association exists between miR-3682-3p and CSCs is unknown.
AIM To investigate the mechanism by which miR-3682-3p promotes stemness maintenance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS MiR-3682-3p expression in HCC cell lines and 34 pairs of normal and HCC specimens was assayed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The functional role of miR-3682-3p was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed for target assessment, and western blotting was utilized to confirm miR-3682-3p/target relationships.
RESULTS We found that miR-3682-3p plays a key role in HCC pathogenesis by promoting HCC cell stemness. The upregulation of miR-3682-3p enhanced CSC spheroid-forming ability, side population cell fractions, and the expression of CSC factors in HCC cells in vitro and the tumorigenicity of transplanted HCC cells in vivo. Furthermore, silencing miR-3682-3p prolonged the survival of HCC-bearing mice. Mechanistically, we found that miR-3682-3p targets FOXO3 and enables FOXO3/β-catenin interaction, which promotes c-Myc expression through PI3K/AKT; c-Myc, in turn, activates miR-3682-3p, forming a positive feedback loop. Intriguingly, miR-3682-3p expression was induced by hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) and was involved in HBx-induced tumor stemness-related pathogenesis.
CONCLUSION Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which miR-3682-3p promotes stemness in HCC stem cells. Silencing miR-3682-3p may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Si-Bo Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ye-Wei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Si-Yuan Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 523000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lei Jia
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shi Zuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
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147
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Chen HM, Li H, Lin MX, Fan WJ, Zhang Y, Lin YT, Wu SX. Research Progress for RNA Modifications in Physiological and Pathological Angiogenesis. Front Genet 2022; 13:952667. [PMID: 35937999 PMCID: PMC9354963 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.952667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As a critical layer of epigenetics, RNA modifications demonstrate various molecular functions and participate in numerous biological processes. RNA modifications have been shown to be essential for embryogenesis and stem cell fate. As high-throughput sequencing and antibody technologies advanced by leaps and bounds, the association of RNA modifications with multiple human diseases sparked research enthusiasm; in addition, aberrant RNA modification leads to tumor angiogenesis by regulating angiogenesis-related factors. This review collected recent cutting-edge studies focused on RNA modifications (N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N5-methylcytosine (m5C), N7-methylguanosine (m7G), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), and pseudopuridine (Ψ)), and their related regulators in tumor angiogenesis to emphasize the role and impact of RNA modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hang Li
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng-Xian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jie Fan
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ting Lin
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shu-Xiang Wu, ; Yan-Ting Lin,
| | - Shu-Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shu-Xiang Wu, ; Yan-Ting Lin,
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148
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Li N, Yi X, He Y, Huo B, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Li Y, Zhong X, Li R, Zhu XH, Fang Z, Wei X, Jiang DS. Targeting Ferroptosis as a Novel Approach to Alleviate Aortic Dissection. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4118-4134. [PMID: 35844806 PMCID: PMC9274489 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of programmed cell death types have been shown to participate in the loss of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during the development of aortic dissection (AD), but it is still largely unclear whether ferroptosis is involved in the development of AD. In the present study, we found that the expression of key ferroptosis regulatory proteins, solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were downregulated in aortas of Stanford type A AD (TAAD) patients, and liproxstatin-1, a specific inhibitor of ferroptosis, obviously abolished the β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN)-induced development and rupture of AD in mice. Furthermore, the expression of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), a major methyltransferase of RNA m6A, was remarkably upregulated in the aortas of TAAD patients, and the protein levels of METTL3 were negatively correlated with SLC7A11 and FSP1 levels in human aortas. Overexpression of METTL3 in human aortic SMCs (HASMCs) inhibited, while METTL3 knockdown promoted SLC7A11 and FSP1 expression. More importantly, overexpression of METTL3 facilitated imidazole ketone erastin- and cystine deprivation-induced ferroptosis, while knockdown of METTL3 repressed ferroptosis of HASMCs. Overexpression of either SLC7A11 or FSP1 largely abrogated the effect of METTL3 on HASMC ferroptosis. Therefore, we have revealed that ferroptosis is a critical cause of AD in both humans and mice and that METTL3 promotes ferroptosis of HASMCs by inhibiting the expression of SLC7A11 and FSP1. Thus, targeting ferroptosis or m6A RNA methylation is a potential novel strategy for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi He
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Huo
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhong
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xue-Hai Zhu
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zemin Fang
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ding-Sheng Jiang
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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149
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N6-Methyladenosine RNA-Binding Protein YTHDF1 in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Function, Molecular Mechanism and Clinical Implication. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143489. [PMID: 35884552 PMCID: PMC9320224 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic mRNA and plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of diseases. YTHDF1 is the most powerful and abundant m6A-encoded RNA reader. In this review, we summarize the evidence of the involvement of YTHDF1 in gastrointestinal cancers, its molecular mechanisms of action, and therapeutic implications. Abstract N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic cell mRNA, and this modification plays a key role in regulating mRNA translation, splicing, and stability. Emerging evidence implicates aberrant m6A as a crucial player in the occurrence and development of diseases, especially GI cancers. Among m6A regulators, YTHDF1 is the most abundant m6A reader that functionally connects m6A-modified mRNA to its eventual fate, mostly notably protein translation. Here, we summarized the function, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications of YTHDF1 in GI cancers. YTHDF1 is largely upregulated in multiple GI cancer and its high expression predicts poor patient survival. In vitro and in vivo experimental evidence largely supports the role of YTDHF1 in promoting cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis, which suggests the oncogenic function of YTHDF1 in GI cancers. Besides, YTHDF1 overexpression is associated with changes in the tumor microenvironment that are favorable to tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, YTHDF1 regulates the expression of target genes by promoting translation, thereby participating in cancer-related signaling pathways. Targeting YTHDF1 holds therapeutic potential, as the overexpression of YTHDF1 is associated with tumor resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In summary, YTHDF1-mediated regulation of m6A modified mRNA is an actionable target and a prognostic factor for GI cancers.
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HMOX1 Attenuates the Sensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Sorafenib via Modulating the Expression of ABC Transporters. Int J Genomics 2022; 2022:9451557. [PMID: 35800617 PMCID: PMC9253870 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9451557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a common malignancy, and mechanisms of acquired sorafenib resistance during the treatment of HCC patients remain elusive. The present study performed integrated bioinformatics analysis and explored the potential action of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the sorafenib-resistant group as compared to the sorafenib-sensitive group from GSE140202 and GSE143233 were extracted. Fifty common DEGs between GSE140202 and GSE143233 were extracted. Ten hub genes were identified from the protein-protein interaction network based on common DEGs. Experimental results revealed the upregulation of HMOX1 in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. HMOX1 silence promoted the sensitivity to sorafenib in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells; overexpression of HMOX1 attenuated the sensitivity. In addition, HMOX1 silence downregulated the mRNA expression of ABC transporters in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells, while HMOX1 overexpression upregulated mRNA expression of ABC transporter expression in HCC cells. Further analysis also revealed that high expression of HMOX1 was associated with shorter OS and DSS in HCC patients. In conclusion, our analysis identified ten hub genes associated with sorafenib resistance in HCC. Further validation studies demonstrated that HMOX1 promoted sorafenib resistance of HCC cells via modulating ABC transporter expression.
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