101
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Harnessing DNA Replication Stress for Novel Cancer Therapy. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11090990. [PMID: 32854236 PMCID: PMC7564951 DOI: 10.3390/genes11090990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is the fundamental process for accurate duplication and transfer of genetic information. Its fidelity is under constant stress from endogenous and exogenous factors which can cause perturbations that lead to DNA damage and defective replication. This can compromise genomic stability and integrity. Genomic instability is considered as one of the hallmarks of cancer. In normal cells, various checkpoints could either activate DNA repair or induce cell death/senescence. Cancer cells on the other hand potentiate DNA replicative stress, due to defective DNA damage repair mechanism and unchecked growth signaling. Though replicative stress can lead to mutagenesis and tumorigenesis, it can be harnessed paradoxically for cancer treatment. Herein, we review the mechanism and rationale to exploit replication stress for cancer therapy. We discuss both established and new approaches targeting DNA replication stress including chemotherapy, radiation, and small molecule inhibitors targeting pathways including ATR, Chk1, PARP, WEE1, MELK, NAE, TLK etc. Finally, we review combination treatments, biomarkers, and we suggest potential novel methods to target DNA replication stress to treat cancer.
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102
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Kojima Y, Machida YJ. DNA-protein crosslinks from environmental exposure: Mechanisms of formation and repair. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:716-729. [PMID: 32329115 PMCID: PMC7575214 DOI: 10.1002/em.22381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Many environmental carcinogens cause DNA damage, which can result in mutations and other alterations in genomic DNA if not repaired promptly. Because of the bulkiness of the lesions, DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) are one of the types of toxic DNA damage with potentially deleterious consequences. Despite the importance of DPCs, how cells remove these complex DNA adducts has been incompletely understood. However, major progress in the DPC repair field over the past 5 years now supports the view that cells are equipped with multiple mechanisms to cope with DPCs. Here, we first provide an overview of environmental substances that induce DPCs, describing the sources of exposure and mechanisms of DPC formation. We then review current models of DPC repair and discuss their significance for environmental carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kojima
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Yuichi J. Machida
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
- Correspondence to Yuichi J. Machida.
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103
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Li H, Liu ZY, Wu N, Chen YC, Cheng Q, Wang J. PARP inhibitor resistance: the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:107. [PMID: 32563252 PMCID: PMC7305609 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the DNA repair defect, BRCA1/2 deficient tumor cells are more sensitive to PARP inhibitors (PARPi) through the mechanism of synthetic lethality. At present, several PAPRi targeting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) have been approved for ovarian cancer and breast cancer indications. However, PARPi resistance is ubiquitous in clinic. More than 40% BRCA1/2-deficient patients fail to respond to PARPi. In addition, lots of patients acquire PARPi resistance with prolonged oral administration of PARPi. Homologous recombination repair deficient (HRD), as an essential prerequisite of synthetic lethality, plays a vital role in killing tumor cells. Therefore, Homologous recombination repair restoration (HRR) becomes the predominant reason of PARPi resistance. Recently, it was reported that DNA replication fork protection also contributed to PARPi resistance in BRCA1/2-deficient cells and patients. Moreover, various factors, such as reversion mutations, epigenetic modification, restoration of ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) and pharmacological alteration lead to PARPi resistance as well. In this review, we reviewed the underlying mechanisms of PARP inhibitor resistance in detail and summarized the potential strategies to overcome PARPi resistance and increase PARPi sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Hunan Clinical Research Center in Gynecologic Cancer, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Yi Liu
- Hunan Clinical Research Center in Gynecologic Cancer, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nayiyuan Wu
- Hunan Clinical Research Center in Gynecologic Cancer, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Chang Chen
- Hunan Clinical Research Center in Gynecologic Cancer, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hunan Clinical Research Center in Gynecologic Cancer, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Gynecologic Cancer, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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104
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Konstantinopoulos PA, Cheng SC, Wahner Hendrickson AE, Penson RT, Schumer ST, Doyle LA, Lee EK, Kohn EC, Duska LR, Crispens MA, Olawaiye AB, Winer IS, Barroilhet LM, Fu S, McHale MT, Schilder RJ, Färkkilä A, Chowdhury D, Curtis J, Quinn RS, Bowes B, D'Andrea AD, Shapiro GI, Matulonis UA. Berzosertib plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine alone in platinum-resistant high-grade serous ovarian cancer: a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2020; 21:957-968. [PMID: 32553118 PMCID: PMC8023719 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade serous ovarian cancers show increased replication stress, rendering cells vulnerable to ATR inhibition because of near universal loss of the G1/S checkpoint (through deleterious TP53 mutations), premature S phase entry (due to CCNE1 amplification, RB1 loss, or CDKN2A mRNA downregulation), alterations of homologous recombination repair genes, and expression of oncogenic drivers (through MYC amplification and other mechanisms). We hypothesised that the combination of the selective ATR inhibitor, berzosertib, and gemcitabine could show acceptable toxicity and superior efficacy to gemcitabine alone in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. METHODS In this multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 2 study, 11 different centres in the US Experimental Therapeutics Clinical Trials Network enrolled women (aged ≥18 years) with recurrent, platinum-resistant high-grade serous ovarian cancer (determined histologically) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1, who had unlimited previous lines of cytotoxic therapy in the platinum-sensitive setting but no more than one line of cytotoxic therapy in the platinum-resistant setting. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive intravenous gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2) on day 1 and day 8, or gemcitabine plus intravenous berzosertib (210 mg/m2) on day 2 and day 9 of a 21-day cycle until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Randomisation was done centrally using the Theradex Interactive Web Response System, stratified by platinum-free interval, and with a permuted block size of six. Following central randomisation, patients and investigators were not masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival, and analyses included all patients who received at least one dose of the study drugs. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02595892, and is active but closed to enrolment. FINDINGS Between Feb 14, 2017, and Sept 7, 2018, 88 patients were assessed for eligibility, of whom 70 were randomly assigned to treatment with gemcitabine alone (36 patients) or gemcitabine plus berzosertib (34 patients). At the data cutoff date (Feb 21, 2020), the median follow-up was 53·2 weeks (25·6-81·8) in the gemcitabine plus berzosertib group and 43·0 weeks (IQR 23·2-69·1) in the gemcitabine alone group. Median progression-free survival was 22·9 weeks (17·9-72·0) for gemcitabine plus berzosertib and 14·7 weeks (90% CI 9·7-36·7) for gemcitabine alone (hazard ratio 0·57, 90% CI 0·33-0·98; one-sided log-rank test p=0·044). The most common treatment-related grade 3 or 4 adverse events were decreased neutrophil count (14 [39%] of 36 patients in the gemcitabine alone group vs 16 [47%] of 34 patients in the gemcitabine plus berzosertib group) and decreased platelet count (two [6%] vs eight [24%]). Serious adverse events were observed in ten (28%) patients in the gemcitabine alone group and nine (26%) patients in the gemcitabine plus berzosertib group. There was one treatment-related death in the gemcitabine alone group due to sepsis and one treatment-related death in the gemcitabine plus berzosertib group due to pneumonitis. INTERPRETATION To our knowledge, this is the first randomised study of an ATR inhibitor in any tumour type. This study shows a benefit of adding berzosertib to gemcitabine in platinum-resistant high-grade serous ovarian cancer. This combination warrants further investigation in this setting. FUNDING US National Cancer Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Su-Chun Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Richard T Penson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan T Schumer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Austin Doyle
- Department of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elise C Kohn
- Department of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Linda R Duska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Marta A Crispens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander B Olawaiye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ira S Winer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lisa M Barroilhet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Siqing Fu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael T McHale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Russell J Schilder
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anniina Färkkilä
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dipanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Curtis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roxanne S Quinn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brittany Bowes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Geoffrey I Shapiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ursula A Matulonis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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105
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Clinical Implications of DNA Repair Defects in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051315. [PMID: 32455819 PMCID: PMC7281678 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in surgical and medical management, high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) still represents the deadliest gynecologic malignancy and the fifth most frequent cause of cancer-related mortality in women in the USA. Since DNA repair alterations are regarded as the “the Achille’s heel” of HGSOC, both DNA homologous recombination and DNA mismatch repair deficiencies have been explored and targeted in epithelial ovarian cancers in the latest years. In this review, we aim at focusing on the therapeutic issues deriving from a faulty DNA repair machinery in epithelial ovarian cancers, starting from existing and well-established treatments and investigating new therapeutic approaches which could possibly improve ovarian cancer patients’ survival outcomes in the near future. In particular, we concentrate on the role of both Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) and immune checkpoint inhibitors in HGSOC, highlighting their activity in relation to BRCA1/2 mutational status and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). We investigate the biological rationale supporting their use in the clinical setting, pointing at tracking their route from the laboratory bench to the patient’s bedside. Finally, we deal with the onset of mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to PARPis, reporting the pioneering strategies aimed at converting homologous-recombination (HR) proficient tumors into homologous recombination (HR)-deficient HGSOC.
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106
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Lahiguera Á, Hyroššová P, Figueras A, Garzón D, Moreno R, Soto-Cerrato V, McNeish I, Serra V, Lazaro C, Barretina P, Brunet J, Menéndez J, Matias-Guiu X, Vidal A, Villanueva A, Taylor-Harding B, Tanaka H, Orsulic S, Junza A, Yanes O, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Palomero L, Pujana MÀ, Perales JC, Viñals F. Tumors defective in homologous recombination rely on oxidative metabolism: relevance to treatments with PARP inhibitors. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11217. [PMID: 32400970 PMCID: PMC7278557 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the acquisition of DNA mutations and genomic instability in cancer. How genomic instability influences the metabolic capacity of cancer cells is nevertheless poorly understood. Here, we show that homologous recombination‐defective (HRD) cancers rely on oxidative metabolism to supply NAD+ and ATP for poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP)‐dependent DNA repair mechanisms. Studies in breast and ovarian cancer HRD models depict a metabolic shift that includes enhanced expression of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway and its key components and a decline in the glycolytic Warburg phenotype. Hence, HRD cells are more sensitive to metformin and NAD+ concentration changes. On the other hand, shifting from an OXPHOS to a highly glycolytic metabolism interferes with the sensitivity to PARP inhibitors (PARPi) in these HRD cells. This feature is associated with a weak response to PARP inhibition in patient‐derived xenografts, emerging as a new mechanism to determine PARPi sensitivity. This study shows a mechanistic link between two major cancer hallmarks, which in turn suggests novel possibilities for specifically treating HRD cancers with OXPHOS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Lahiguera
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Petra Hyroššová
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agnès Figueras
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Garzón
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Moreno
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Soto-Cerrato
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iain McNeish
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Violeta Serra
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Conxi Lazaro
- Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hereditary Cancer Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Barretina
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia, IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hereditary Cancer Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Hereditary Cancer Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, IDIBGI, Girona, Spain.,Medical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Javier Menéndez
- Program against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - August Vidal
- Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Xenopat, Carrer de la Feixa Llarga S/N, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Xenopat, Carrer de la Feixa Llarga S/N, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Hisashi Tanaka
- Womens Cancer Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Junza
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo
- Cell Death Regulation Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luís Palomero
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Àngel Pujana
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Carlos Perales
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Viñals
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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107
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Boeckemeier L, Kraehenbuehl R, Keszthelyi A, Gasasira MU, Vernon EG, Beardmore R, Vågbø CB, Chaplin D, Gollins S, Krokan HE, Lambert SAE, Paizs B, Hartsuiker E. Mre11 exonuclease activity removes the chain-terminating nucleoside analog gemcitabine from the nascent strand during DNA replication. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz4126. [PMID: 32523988 PMCID: PMC7259961 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Mre11 nuclease is involved in early responses to DNA damage, often mediated by its role in DNA end processing. MRE11 mutations and aberrant expression are associated with carcinogenesis and cancer treatment outcomes. While, in recent years, progress has been made in understanding the role of Mre11 nuclease activities in DNA double-strand break repair, their role during replication has remained elusive. The nucleoside analog gemcitabine, widely used in cancer therapy, acts as a replication chain terminator; for a cell to survive treatment, gemcitabine needs to be removed from replicating DNA. Activities responsible for this removal have, so far, not been identified. We show that Mre11 3' to 5' exonuclease activity removes gemcitabine from nascent DNA during replication. This contributes to replication progression and gemcitabine resistance. We thus uncovered a replication-supporting role for Mre11 exonuclease activity, which is distinct from its previously reported detrimental role in uncontrolled resection in recombination-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Boeckemeier
- North West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - R. Kraehenbuehl
- North West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - A. Keszthelyi
- North West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - M. U. Gasasira
- North West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - E. G. Vernon
- North West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - R. Beardmore
- North West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - C. B. Vågbø
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - D. Chaplin
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - S. Gollins
- North West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - H. E. Krokan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - S. A. E. Lambert
- Institut Curie, Paris-Saclay University, UMR3348, F-91450 Orsay, France
| | - B. Paizs
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - E. Hartsuiker
- North West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
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108
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Yusoh NA, Leong SW, Chia SL, Harun SN, Rahman MBA, Vallis KA, Gill MR, Ahmad H. Metallointercalator [Ru(dppz) 2(PIP)] 2+ Renders BRCA Wild-Type Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Hypersensitive to PARP Inhibition. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:378-387. [PMID: 31898884 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to improve and extend the use of clinically approved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi), including for BRCA wild-type triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The demonstration that ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complex (RPC) metallointercalators can rapidly stall DNA replication fork progression provides the rationale for their combination alongside DNA damage response (DDR) inhibitors to achieve synergism in cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate use of the multi-intercalator [Ru(dppz)2(PIP)]2+ (dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine, PIP = (2-(phenyl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, Ru-PIP) alongside the PARPi olaparib and NU1025. Cell proliferation and clonogenic survival assays indicated a synergistic relationship between Ru-PIP and olaparib in MDA-MB-231 TNBC and MCF7 human breast cancer cells. Strikingly, low dose Ru-PIP renders both cell lines hypersensitive to olaparib, with a >300-fold increase in olaparib potency in TNBC, the largest nongenetic PARPi enhancement effect described to date. A negligible impact on the viability of normal human fibroblasts was observed for any combination tested. Increased levels of DNA double-strand break (DSB) damage and olaparib abrogation of Ru-PIP-activated pChk1 signaling are consistent with PARPi-facilitated collapse of Ru-PIP-associated stalled replication forks. This results in enhanced G2/M cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and decreased cell motility for the combination treatment compared to single-agent conditions. This work establishes that an RPC metallointercalator can be combined with PARPi for potent synergy in BRCA-proficient breast cancer cells, including TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Aininie Yusoh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sze Wei Leong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suet Lin Chia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Norain Harun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Integrated Chemical Biophysics Research Centre, Faculty Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Katherine A. Vallis
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R. Gill
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Haslina Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Integrated Chemical Biophysics Research Centre, Faculty Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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109
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Majera D, Skrott Z, Chroma K, Merchut-Maya JM, Mistrik M, Bartek J. Targeting the NPL4 Adaptor of p97/VCP Segregase by Disulfiram as an Emerging Cancer Vulnerability Evokes Replication Stress and DNA Damage while Silencing the ATR Pathway. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020469. [PMID: 32085572 PMCID: PMC7072750 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on repurposing the old alcohol-aversion drug disulfiram (DSF) for cancer treatment has identified inhibition of NPL4, an adaptor of the p97/VCP segregase essential for turnover of proteins involved in multiple pathways, as an unsuspected cancer cell vulnerability. While we reported that NPL4 is targeted by the anticancer metabolite of DSF, the bis-diethyldithiocarbamate-copper complex (CuET), the exact, apparently multifaceted mechanism(s) through which the CuET-induced aggregation of NPL4 kills cancer cells remains to be fully elucidated. Given the pronounced sensitivity to CuET in tumor cell lines lacking the genome integrity caretaker proteins BRCA1 and BRCA2, here we investigated the impact of NPL4 targeting by CuET on DNA replication dynamics and DNA damage response pathways in human cancer cell models. Our results show that CuET treatment interferes with DNA replication, slows down replication fork progression and causes accumulation of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Such a replication stress (RS) scenario is associated with DNA damage, preferentially in the S phase, and activates the homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathway. At the same time, we find that cellular responses to the CuET-triggered RS are seriously impaired due to concomitant malfunction of the ATRIP-ATR-CHK1 signaling pathway that reflects an unorthodox checkpoint silencing mode through ATR (Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related) kinase sequestration within the CuET-evoked NPL4 protein aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusana Majera
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 77 147 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Skrott
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 77 147 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Chroma
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 77 147 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Mistrik
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 77 147 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 77 147 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (J.B.)
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110
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NAD + in sulfur mustard toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2020; 324:95-103. [PMID: 32017979 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a toxicant and chemical warfare agent with strong vesicant properties. The mechanisms behind SM-induced toxicity are not fully understood and no antidote or effective therapy against SM exists. Both, the risk of SM release in asymmetric conflicts or terrorist attacks and the usage of SM-derived nitrogen mustards as cancer chemotherapeutics, render the mechanisms of mustard-induced toxicity a highly relevant research subject. Herein, we review a central role of the abundant cellular molecule nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in molecular mechanisms underlying SM toxicity. We also discuss the potential beneficial effects of NAD+ precursors in counteracting SM-induced damage.
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111
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Meyer F, Becker S, Classen S, Parplys AC, Mansour WY, Riepen B, Timm S, Ruebe C, Jasin M, Wikman H, Petersen C, Rothkamm K, Borgmann K. Prevention of DNA Replication Stress by CHK1 Leads to Chemoresistance Despite a DNA Repair Defect in Homologous Recombination in Breast Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010238. [PMID: 31963582 PMCID: PMC7017274 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability not only has a negative effect on survival in triple-negative breast cancer, but also on the well treatable subgroup of luminal A tumors. This suggests a general mechanism independent of subtypes. Increased chromosomal instability (CIN) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is attributed to a defect in the DNA repair pathway homologous recombination. Homologous recombination (HR) prevents genomic instability by repair and protection of replication. It is unclear whether genetic alterations actually lead to a repair defect or whether superior signaling pathways are of greater importance. Previous studies focused exclusively on the repair function of HR. Here, we show that the regulation of HR by the intra-S-phase damage response at the replication is of overriding importance. A damage response activated by Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related-checkpoint kinase 1 (ATR-CHK1) can prevent replication stress and leads to resistance formation. CHK1 thus has a preferred role over HR in preventing replication stress in TNBC. The signaling cascade ATR-CHK1 can compensate for a double-strand break repair error and lead to resistance of HR-deficient tumors. Established methods for the identification of HR-deficient tumors for Poly(ADP-Ribose)-Polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitor therapies should be extended to include analysis of candidates for intra-S phase damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Meyer
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (F.M.); (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.C.P.); (W.Y.M.); (B.R.); (K.R.)
| | - Saskia Becker
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (F.M.); (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.C.P.); (W.Y.M.); (B.R.); (K.R.)
| | - Sandra Classen
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (F.M.); (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.C.P.); (W.Y.M.); (B.R.); (K.R.)
| | - Ann Christin Parplys
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (F.M.); (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.C.P.); (W.Y.M.); (B.R.); (K.R.)
| | - Wael Yassin Mansour
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (F.M.); (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.C.P.); (W.Y.M.); (B.R.); (K.R.)
- Tumor Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Britta Riepen
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (F.M.); (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.C.P.); (W.Y.M.); (B.R.); (K.R.)
| | - Sara Timm
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saarland University, 66421 Hamburg/Saar, Germany; (S.T.); (C.R.)
| | - Claudia Ruebe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saarland University, 66421 Hamburg/Saar, Germany; (S.T.); (C.R.)
| | - Maria Jasin
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Harriet Wikman
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (F.M.); (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.C.P.); (W.Y.M.); (B.R.); (K.R.)
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (F.M.); (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.C.P.); (W.Y.M.); (B.R.); (K.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-74105-3596
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112
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Stroik S, Kurtz K, Hendrickson EA. CtIP is essential for telomere replication. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:8927-8940. [PMID: 31378812 PMCID: PMC6755089 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of telomere length is critical to longevity and survival. Specifically, the failure to properly replicate, resect, and/or form appropriate telomeric structures drives telomere shortening and, in turn, genomic instability. The endonuclease CtIP is a DNA repair protein that is well-known to promote genome stability through the resection of endogenous DNA double-stranded breaks. Here, we describe a novel role for CtIP. We show that in the absence of CtIP, human telomeres shorten rapidly to non-viable lengths. This telomere dysfunction results in an accumulation of fusions, breaks, and frank telomere loss. Additionally, CtIP suppresses the generation of circular, extrachromosomal telomeric DNA. These latter structures appear to arise from arrested DNA replication forks that accumulate in the absence of CtIP. Hence, CtIP is required for faithful replication through telomeres via its roles at stalled replication tracts. Our findings demonstrate a new role for CtIP as a protector of human telomere integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Stroik
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kevin Kurtz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Eric A Hendrickson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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113
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Bruhn C, Foiani M. A model of DNA damage response activation at stalled replication forks by SPRTN. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5671. [PMID: 31831745 PMCID: PMC6908633 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of DNA replication is threatened by many factors, including DNA lesions, and machineries acting as obstacles. Here we discuss and speculate on a recently proposed mechanism of DNA damage response activation in response to lesions that challenge the progression of DNA replication forks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bruhn
- IFOM (Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare), Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Foiani
- IFOM (Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare), Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy. .,Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy.
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114
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Toma M, Sullivan-Reed K, Śliwiński T, Skorski T. RAD52 as a Potential Target for Synthetic Lethality-Based Anticancer Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1561. [PMID: 31615159 PMCID: PMC6827130 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in DNA repair systems play a key role in the induction and progression of cancer. Tumor-specific defects in DNA repair mechanisms and activation of alternative repair routes create the opportunity to employ a phenomenon called "synthetic lethality" to eliminate cancer cells. Targeting the backup pathways may amplify endogenous and drug-induced DNA damage and lead to specific eradication of cancer cells. So far, the synthetic lethal interaction between BRCA1/2 and PARP1 has been successfully applied as an anticancer treatment. Although PARP1 constitutes a promising target in the treatment of tumors harboring deficiencies in BRCA1/2-mediated homologous recombination (HR), some tumor cells survive, resulting in disease relapse. It has been suggested that alternative RAD52-mediated HR can protect BRCA1/2-deficient cells from the accumulation of DNA damage and the synthetic lethal effect of PARPi. Thus, simultaneous inhibition of RAD52 and PARP1 might result in a robust dual synthetic lethality, effectively eradicating BRCA1/2-deficient tumor cells. In this review, we will discuss the role of RAD52 and its potential application in synthetic lethality-based anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Toma
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katherine Sullivan-Reed
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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115
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ATR Signaling Uncouples the Role of RAD51 Paralogs in Homologous Recombination and Replication Stress Response. Cell Rep 2019; 29:551-559.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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116
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Targeting DNA Replication Stress and DNA Double-Strand Break Repair for Optimizing SCLC Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091289. [PMID: 31480716 PMCID: PMC6770306 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), accounting for about 15% of all cases of lung cancer worldwide, is the most lethal form of lung cancer. Despite an initially high response rate of SCLC to standard treatment, almost all patients are invariably relapsed within one year. Effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to improve clinical outcomes. Replication stress is a hallmark of SCLC due to several intrinsic factors. As a consequence, constitutive activation of the replication stress response (RSR) pathway and DNA damage repair system is involved in counteracting this genotoxic stress. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of such RSR and DNA damage repair pathways will be likely to kill SCLC cells preferentially and may be exploited in improving chemotherapeutic efficiency through interfering with DNA replication to exert their functions. Here, we summarize potentially valuable targets involved in the RSR and DNA damage repair pathways, rationales for targeting them in SCLC treatment and ongoing clinical trials, as well as possible predictive biomarkers for patient selection in the management of SCLC.
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117
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Lheureux S, Mirza M, Coleman R. The DNA Repair Pathway as a Target for Novel Drugs in Gynecologic Cancers. J Clin Oncol 2019; 37:2449-2459. [PMID: 31403862 DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Coleman
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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118
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Varizhuk A, Isaakova E, Pozmogova G. DNA G-Quadruplexes (G4s) Modulate Epigenetic (Re)Programming and Chromatin Remodeling: Transient Genomic G4s Assist in the Establishment and Maintenance of Epigenetic Marks, While Persistent G4s May Erase Epigenetic Marks. Bioessays 2019; 41:e1900091. [PMID: 31379012 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, the emerging data on DNA G-quadruplexes (G4s) as epigenetic modulators are reviewed and integrated. This concept has appeared and evolved substantially in recent years. First, persistent G4s (e.g., those stabilized by exogenous ligands) were linked to the loss of the histone code. More recently, transient G4s (i.e., those formed upon replication or transcription and unfolded rapidly by helicases) were implicated in CpG island methylation maintenance and de novo CpG methylation control. The most recent data indicate that there are direct interactions between G4s and chromatin remodeling factors. Finally, multiple findings support the indirect participation of G4s in chromatin reshaping via interactions with remodeling-related transcription factors (TFs) or damage responders. Here, the links between the above processes are analyzed; also, how further elucidation of these processes may stimulate the progress of epigenetic therapy is discussed, and the remaining open questions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Varizhuk
- Biophysics Department, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Isaakova
- Biophysics Department, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Galina Pozmogova
- Biophysics Department, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, 119435, Russia
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119
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Wakefield MJ, Nesic K, Kondrashova O, Scott CL. Diverse mechanisms of PARP inhibitor resistance in ovarian cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:188307. [PMID: 31381953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew John Wakefield
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Ksenija Nesic
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Olga Kondrashova
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Clare L Scott
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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120
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Kay J, Thadhani E, Samson L, Engelward B. Inflammation-induced DNA damage, mutations and cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 83:102673. [PMID: 31387777 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The relationships between inflammation and cancer are varied and complex. An important connection linking inflammation to cancer development is DNA damage. During inflammation reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are created to combat pathogens and to stimulate tissue repair and regeneration, but these chemicals can also damage DNA, which in turn can promote mutations that initiate and promote cancer. DNA repair pathways are essential for preventing DNA damage from causing mutations and cytotoxicity, but RONS can interfere with repair mechanisms, reducing their efficacy. Further, cellular responses to DNA damage, such as damage signaling and cytotoxicity, can promote inflammation, creating a positive feedback loop. Despite coordination of DNA repair and oxidative stress responses, there are nevertheless examples whereby inflammation has been shown to promote mutagenesis, tissue damage, and ultimately carcinogenesis. Here, we discuss the DNA damage-mediated associations between inflammation, mutagenesis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kay
- Department of Biological Engineering, United States.
| | | | - Leona Samson
- Department of Biological Engineering, United States; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
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121
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Abstract
Genome replication involves dealing with obstacles that can result from DNA damage but also from chromatin alterations, topological stress, tightly bound proteins or non-B DNA structures such as R loops. Experimental evidence reveals that an engaged transcription machinery at the DNA can either enhance such obstacles or be an obstacle itself. Thus, transcription can become a potentially hazardous process promoting localized replication fork hindrance and stress, which would ultimately cause genome instability, a hallmark of cancer cells. Understanding the causes behind transcription-replication conflicts as well as how the cell resolves them to sustain genome integrity is the aim of this review.
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122
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Pillay N, Tighe A, Nelson L, Littler S, Coulson-Gilmer C, Bah N, Golder A, Bakker B, Spierings DCJ, James DI, Smith KM, Jordan AM, Morgan RD, Ogilvie DJ, Foijer F, Jackson DA, Taylor SS. DNA Replication Vulnerabilities Render Ovarian Cancer Cells Sensitive to Poly(ADP-Ribose) Glycohydrolase Inhibitors. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:519-533.e8. [PMID: 30889383 PMCID: PMC6428690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) have demonstrated efficacy in women with BRCA-mutant ovarian cancer. However, only 15%-20% of ovarian cancers harbor BRCA mutations, therefore additional therapies are required. Here, we show that a subset of ovarian cancer cell lines and ex vivo models derived from patient biopsies are sensitive to a poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) inhibitor. Sensitivity is due to underlying DNA replication vulnerabilities that cause persistent fork stalling and replication catastrophe. PARG inhibition is synthetic lethal with inhibition of DNA replication factors, allowing additional models to be sensitized by CHK1 inhibitors. Because PARG and PARP inhibitor sensitivity are mutually exclusive, our observations demonstrate that PARG inhibitors have therapeutic potential to complement PARP inhibitor strategies in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Pillay
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Anthony Tighe
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Louisa Nelson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Samantha Littler
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Camilla Coulson-Gilmer
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Nourdine Bah
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Anya Golder
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Bjorn Bakker
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Diana C J Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dominic I James
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Kate M Smith
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Allan M Jordan
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Robert D Morgan
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Donald J Ogilvie
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dean A Jackson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stephen S Taylor
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK.
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Datta A, Brosh RM. Holding All the Cards-How Fanconi Anemia Proteins Deal with Replication Stress and Preserve Genomic Stability. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020170. [PMID: 30813363 PMCID: PMC6409899 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a hereditary chromosomal instability disorder often displaying congenital abnormalities and characterized by a predisposition to progressive bone marrow failure (BMF) and cancer. Over the last 25 years since the discovery of the first linkage of genetic mutations to FA, its molecular genetic landscape has expanded tremendously as it became apparent that FA is a disease characterized by a defect in a specific DNA repair pathway responsible for the correction of covalent cross-links between the two complementary strands of the DNA double helix. This pathway has become increasingly complex, with the discovery of now over 20 FA-linked genes implicated in interstrand cross-link (ICL) repair. Moreover, gene products known to be involved in double-strand break (DSB) repair, mismatch repair (MMR), and nucleotide excision repair (NER) play roles in the ICL response and repair of associated DNA damage. While ICL repair is predominantly coupled with DNA replication, it also can occur in non-replicating cells. DNA damage accumulation and hematopoietic stem cell failure are thought to contribute to the increased inflammation and oxidative stress prevalent in FA. Adding to its confounding nature, certain FA gene products are also engaged in the response to replication stress, caused endogenously or by agents other than ICL-inducing drugs. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic aspects of the FA pathway and the molecular defects leading to elevated replication stress believed to underlie the cellular phenotypes and clinical features of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Datta
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Bouwman BAM, Crosetto N. Endogenous DNA Double-Strand Breaks during DNA Transactions: Emerging Insights and Methods for Genome-Wide Profiling. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E632. [PMID: 30558210 PMCID: PMC6316733 DOI: 10.3390/genes9120632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) jeopardize genome integrity and can-when repaired unfaithfully-give rise to structural rearrangements associated with cancer. Exogenous agents such as ionizing radiation or chemotherapy can invoke DSBs, but a vast amount of breakage arises during vital endogenous DNA transactions, such as replication and transcription. Additionally, chromatin looping involved in 3D genome organization and gene regulation is increasingly recognized as a possible contributor to DSB events. In this review, we first discuss insights into the mechanisms of endogenous DSB formation, showcasing the trade-off between essential DNA transactions and the intrinsic challenges that these processes impose on genomic integrity. In the second part, we highlight emerging methods for genome-wide profiling of DSBs, and discuss future directions of research that will help advance our understanding of genome-wide DSB formation and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta A M Bouwman
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Nicola Crosetto
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
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