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Brzozowa-Zasada M, Piecuch A, Bajdak-Rusinek K, Michalski M, Klymenko O, Matysiak N, Janelt K, Czuba Z. Glutathione Reductase Expression and Its Prognostic Significance in Colon Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1097. [PMID: 38256170 PMCID: PMC10816751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining a balanced redox state within cells is crucial for the sustenance of life. The process involves continuous cytosolic disulfide reduction reactions to restore oxidized proteins to their reduced thiol forms. There are two main cellular antioxidant pathways-the thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH)/glutaredoxin (Grx) systems. In the GSH/Grx system, glutathione reductase (GR; GSR) catalyses the reduction of GSH disulfide (GSSG) to its sulfhydryl form (GSH), which can then further reduce oxidized Grxs. GR is an essential enzyme that helps in maintaining the supply of reduced glutathione-GSH, which is a significant reducing thiol found in most cells and known for its antioxidant properties. Therefore, it can have a significant impact on cancer development. To investigate this further, we performed an immunohistochemical analysis of GR protein expression in colon adenocarcinoma samples collected from patients with primary colon adenocarcinoma (stage I and II) and patients with metastasis to regional lymph nodes (stage III). The results of our study revealed a significant relationship between the immunohistochemical expression of GR and tumour histological grade, depth of invasion, regional lymph node involvement, staging, and PCNA immunohistochemical expression. It was found that 95% of patients with stage I had low levels of GR expression, whereas 89% of patients with stage III had high levels of immunohistochemical expression. A high level of expression was also detected in the patients with stage II of the disease, where almost 63% were characterized by a high expression of GR. The Western blot method revealed that the highest level of expression was found in the LS 174T cell line, which corresponds to stage II. The results of our study indicate that the immunohistochemical expression of GR may act as an independent prognostic factor associated with colon adenocarcinoma patients' prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Brzozowa-Zasada
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Adam Piecuch
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Karolina Bajdak-Rusinek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Michalski
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Zabrze Silesian Nanomicroscopy Centre in Zabrze, Silesia LabMed—Research and Implementation Centre, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Olesya Klymenko
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Natalia Matysiak
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Kamil Janelt
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Zenon Czuba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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2
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Molina O, Camps J. Editorial: Chromosome segregation and aneuploidy in cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1353851. [PMID: 38205267 PMCID: PMC10777839 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1353851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Molina
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Red Española de Terápias Avanzadas (TERAV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- Cell Biology and Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
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3
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Nath S, Agarwal P. Editorial: Genetic regulation of mitosis and ploidy in cancer. Front Genet 2023; 14:1264772. [PMID: 37719707 PMCID: PMC10502325 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1264772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Somsubhra Nath
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pallavi Agarwal
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
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4
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Mandriota SJ, Sappino AP. The postulated innocuity of lifetime exposure to aluminium should be reappraised. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1159899. [PMID: 37554161 PMCID: PMC10406518 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1159899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of its chemical versatility and abundance in nature, aluminium is employed in a myriad of frequently used products - including cosmetics and food additives - and applications - drinking water purification procedures being an example. Despite what its widespread use might suggest, aluminium's harmlessness is a matter of debate in the scientific community. In this article we trace the lines of a growing questioning about the potential mutagenic effects of this metal, due to the data produced over the recent years, and with an eye to the discussions currently underway in this regard between the scientific community, industry, and regulatory bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano J. Mandriota
- Laboratoire de Cancérogenèse Environnementale, Fondation des Grangettes, Chêne-Bougeries, Switzerland
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5
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Boldrin E, Piano MA, Bernaudo F, Alfieri R, Biasin MR, Montagner IM, Volpato A, Mattara G, Lamacchia F, Magni G, Rosato A, Scapinello A, Pilati P, Curtarello M. p53/ TP53 Status Assessment in Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2783. [PMID: 37345120 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is very frequent in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA) and it is characterized by TP53 deletions/mutations resulting in p53 nuclear accumulation, as revealed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), which considers the cases with "high" staining levels to be positive. Aiming to improve aberrant TP53 detection, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was used to evaluate TP53 deletion in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded DNA (FFPE-DNA) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA). To further investigate the mutational TP53 profile, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed in a subset of FFPE samples. After combining "low" and "high" IHC staining level groups, the proportion of deletion events was significantly higher compared to the "intermediate" group (72.9% vs. 47.5%, p-value = 0.002). The ddPCR TP53 deletion assay was feasible for cfDNA but only had good agreement (72.7%, Cohen's kappa = 0.48) with the assay performed with FFPE-DNA of the "low-level" group. NGS analysis confirmed that, in the "low-level" group, a high percentage (66.7%) of cases were aberrant, with disruptive mutations that probably led to p53 loss. Data suggested that p53 IHC alone underestimates the CIN phenotype in GEA and that molecular analysis in both solid and liquid biopsies could be integrated with it; in particular, in cases of completely negative staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Boldrin
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Piano
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Bernaudo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Rita Alfieri
- Surgical Oncology of Digestive Tract Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Biasin
- Anatomy and Pathological Histology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Isabella Monia Montagner
- Anatomy and Pathological Histology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Alice Volpato
- Anatomy and Pathological Histology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Genny Mattara
- Surgical Oncology of Digestive Tract Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Lamacchia
- Surgical Oncology of Digestive Tract Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Magni
- Clinical Research Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Scapinello
- Anatomy and Pathological Histology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Pilati
- Surgical Oncology of Digestive Tract Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Curtarello
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
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6
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Dhital B, Santasusagna S, Kirthika P, Xu M, Li P, Carceles-Cordon M, Soni RK, Li Z, Hendrickson RC, Schiewer MJ, Kelly WK, Sternberg CN, Luo J, Lujambio A, Cordon-Cardo C, Alvarez-Fernandez M, Malumbres M, Huang H, Ertel A, Domingo-Domenech J, Rodriguez-Bravo V. Harnessing transcriptionally driven chromosomal instability adaptation to target therapy-refractory lethal prostate cancer. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100937. [PMID: 36787737 PMCID: PMC9975292 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) inevitably acquires resistance to standard therapy preceding lethality. Here, we unveil a chromosomal instability (CIN) tolerance mechanism as a therapeutic vulnerability of therapy-refractory lethal PCa. Through genomic and transcriptomic analysis of patient datasets, we find that castration and chemotherapy-resistant tumors display the highest CIN and mitotic kinase levels. Functional genomics screening coupled with quantitative phosphoproteomics identify MASTL kinase as a survival vulnerability specific of chemotherapy-resistant PCa cells. Mechanistically, MASTL upregulation is driven by transcriptional rewiring mechanisms involving the non-canonical transcription factors androgen receptor splice variant 7 and E2F7 in a circuitry that restrains deleterious CIN and prevents cell death selectively in metastatic therapy-resistant PCa cells. Notably, MASTL pharmacological inhibition re-sensitizes tumors to standard therapy and improves survival of pre-clinical models. These results uncover a targetable mechanism promoting high CIN adaptation and survival of lethal PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittiny Dhital
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Urology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Sandra Santasusagna
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Urology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Perumalraja Kirthika
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Urology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael Xu
- Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Peiyao Li
- Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | - Rajesh K Soni
- Microchemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zhuoning Li
- Microchemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ronald C Hendrickson
- Microchemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matthew J Schiewer
- Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - William K Kelly
- Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Cora N Sternberg
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Department of Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jun Luo
- Urology Department, Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Amaia Lujambio
- Oncological Sciences Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Pathology Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Monica Alvarez-Fernandez
- Head & Neck Cancer Department, Institute de Investigación Sanitaria Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Institute Universitario de Oncología Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division & Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cancer Cell Cycle group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Haojie Huang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Urology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Adam Ertel
- Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Josep Domingo-Domenech
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Urology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Veronica Rodriguez-Bravo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Urology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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7
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Weiss JG, Gallob F, Rieder P, Villunger A. Apoptosis as a Barrier against CIN and Aneuploidy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010030. [PMID: 36612027 PMCID: PMC9817872 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy is the gain or loss of entire chromosomes, chromosome arms or fragments. Over 100 years ago, aneuploidy was described to be a feature of cancer and is now known to be present in 68-90% of malignancies. Aneuploidy promotes cancer growth, reduces therapy response and frequently worsens prognosis. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is recognized as the main cause of aneuploidy. CIN itself is a dynamic but stochastic process consisting of different DNA content-altering events. These can include impaired replication fidelity and insufficient clearance of DNA damage as well as chromosomal mis-segregation, micronuclei formation, chromothripsis or cytokinesis failure. All these events can disembogue in segmental, structural and numerical chromosome alterations. While low levels of CIN can foster malignant disease, high levels frequently trigger cell death, which supports the "aneuploidy paradox" that refers to the intrinsically negative impact of a highly aberrant karyotype on cellular fitness. Here, we review how the cellular response to CIN and aneuploidy can drive the clearance of karyotypically unstable cells through the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, we discuss the different modes of p53 activation triggered in response to mitotic perturbations that can potentially trigger CIN and/or aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes G. Weiss
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Filip Gallob
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia Rieder
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43–512-9003-70380; Fax: +43–512-9003-73960
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Yoshioka KI, Kusumoto-Matsuo R, Matsuno Y, Ishiai M. Genomic Instability and Cancer Risk Associated with Erroneous DNA Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12254. [PMID: 34830134 PMCID: PMC8625880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancers develop as a consequence of genomic instability, which induces genomic rearrangements and nucleotide mutations. Failure to correct DNA damage in DNA repair defective cells, such as in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutated backgrounds, is directly associated with increased cancer risk. Genomic rearrangement is generally a consequence of erroneous repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), though paradoxically, many cancers develop in the absence of DNA repair defects. DNA repair systems are essential for cell survival, and in cancers deficient in one repair pathway, other pathways can become upregulated. In this review, we examine the current literature on genomic alterations in cancer cells and the association between these alterations and DNA repair pathway inactivation and upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Genome Stability Maintenance, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (R.K.-M.); (Y.M.)
| | - Rika Kusumoto-Matsuo
- Laboratory of Genome Stability Maintenance, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (R.K.-M.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yusuke Matsuno
- Laboratory of Genome Stability Maintenance, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (R.K.-M.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Masamichi Ishiai
- Central Radioisotope Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
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Patil S, Jahagirdar S, Khot M, Sengupta K. Studying the Role of Chromosomal Instability (CIN) in GI Cancers Using Patient-derived Organoids. J Mol Biol 2021; 434:167256. [PMID: 34547328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is associated with the initiation and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers. Cancers of the GI tract are typically characterized by altered chromosome numbers. While the dynamics of CIN have been extensively characterized in 2D monolayer cell cultures derived from GI tumors, the tumor microenvironment and 3D tumor architecture also contribute to the progression of CIN, which is not captured in 2D cell culture systems. To overcome these limitations, self-organizing cellular structures that retain organ-specific 3D architecture, namely organoids, have been derived from various tissues of the GI tract. Organoids derived from normal tissue and patient tumors serve as a useful paradigm to study the crosstalk between tumor cells in the context of a tissue microenvironment and its impact on chromosomal stability. Such a paradigm, therefore, has a considerable advantage over 2D cell culture systems in drug screening and personalized medicine. Here, we review the importance of patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) as a model to study CIN in cancers of the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalaka Patil
- Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India. https://twitter.com/@ShalakaPatil11
| | - Sanika Jahagirdar
- Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India. https://twitter.com/@SanikaJag
| | - Maithilee Khot
- Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India. https://twitter.com/@MaithileeKhot
| | - Kundan Sengupta
- Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India.
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Wang XF, Yang SA, Gong S, Chang CH, Portilla JM, Chatterjee D, Irianto J, Bao H, Huang YC, Deng WM. Polyploid mitosis and depolyploidization promote chromosomal instability and tumor progression in a Notch-induced tumor model. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1976-1988.e4. [PMID: 34146466 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ploidy variation is a cancer hallmark and is frequently associated with poor prognosis in high-grade cancers. Using a Drosophila solid-tumor model where oncogenic Notch drives tumorigenesis in a transition-zone microenvironment in the salivary gland imaginal ring, we find that the tumor-initiating cells normally undergo endoreplication to become polyploid. Upregulation of Notch signaling, however, induces these polyploid transition-zone cells to re-enter mitosis and undergo tumorigenesis. Growth and progression of the transition-zone tumor are fueled by a combination of polyploid mitosis, endoreplication, and depolyploidization. Both polyploid mitosis and depolyploidization are error prone, resulting in chromosomal copy-number variation and polyaneuploidy. Comparative RNA-seq and epistasis analysis reveal that the DNA-damage response genes, also active during meiosis, are upregulated in these tumors and are required for the ploidy-reduction division. Together, these findings suggest that polyploidy and associated cell-cycle variants are critical for increased tumor-cell heterogeneity and genome instability during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Feng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University Louisiana Center Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Sheng-An Yang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Shangyu Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University Louisiana Center Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chih-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University Louisiana Center Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Juan Martin Portilla
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Deeptiman Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University Louisiana Center Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Hongcun Bao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University Louisiana Center Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yi-Chun Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University Louisiana Center Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Wu-Min Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University Louisiana Center Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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11
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Dugina V, Shagieva G, Novikova M, Lavrushkina S, Sokova O, Kireev I, Kopnin P. Impaired Expression of Cytoplasmic Actins Leads to Chromosomal Instability of MDA-MB-231 Basal-Like Mammary Gland Cancer Cell Line. Molecules 2021; 26:2151. [PMID: 33917969 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown previously that two cytoplasmic actin isoforms play different roles in neoplastic cell transformation. Namely, β-cytoplasmic actin acts as a tumor suppressor, whereas γ-cytoplasmic actin enhances malignant features of tumor cells. The distinct participation of each cytoplasmic actin in the cell cycle driving was also observed. The goal of this study was to describe the diverse roles of cytoplasmic actins in the progression of chromosomal instability of MDA-MB-231 basal-like human carcinoma cell line. We performed traditional methods of chromosome visualization, as well as 3D-IF microscopy and western blotting for CENP-A detection/quantification, to investigate chromosome morphology. Downregulation of cytoplasmic actin isoforms alters the phenotype and karyotype of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Moreover, β-actin depletion leads to the progression of chromosomal instability with endoreduplication and aneuploidy increase. On the contrary, γ-actin downregulation results not only in reduced percentage of mitotic carcinoma cells, but leads to chromosome stability, reduced polyploidy, and aneuploidy.
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Bold IT, Specht AK, Droste CF, Zielinski A, Meyer F, Clauditz TS, Münscher A, Werner S, Rothkamm K, Petersen C, Borgmann K. DNA Damage Response during Replication Correlates with CIN70 Score and Determines Survival in HNSCC Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061194. [PMID: 33801877 PMCID: PMC7998578 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy is a consequence of chromosomal instability (CIN) that affects prognosis. Gene expression levels associated with aneuploidy provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying CIN. Based on the gene signature whose expression was consistent with functional aneuploidy, the CIN70 score was established. We observed an association of CIN70 score and survival in 519 HNSCC patients in the TCGA dataset; the 15% patients with the lowest CIN70 score showed better survival (p = 0.11), but association was statistically non-significant. This correlated with the expression of 39 proteins of the major repair complexes. A positive association with survival was observed for MSH2, XRCC1, MRE11A, BRCA1, BRCA2, LIG1, DNA2, POLD1, MCM2, RAD54B, claspin, a negative for ERCC1, all related with replication. We hypothesized that expression of these factors leads to protection of replication through efficient repair and determines survival and resistance to therapy. Protein expression differences in HNSCC cell lines did not correlate with cellular sensitivity after treatment. Rather, it was observed that the stability of the DNA replication fork determined resistance, which was dependent on the ATR/CHK1-mediated S-phase signaling cascade. This suggests that it is not the expression of individual DNA repair proteins that causes therapy resistance, but rather a balanced expression and coordinated activation of corresponding signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan T. Bold
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (I.T.B.); (A.-K.S.); (A.Z.); (F.M.); (K.R.)
| | - Ann-Kathrin Specht
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (I.T.B.); (A.-K.S.); (A.Z.); (F.M.); (K.R.)
| | - Conrad F. Droste
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Alexandra Zielinski
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (I.T.B.); (A.-K.S.); (A.Z.); (F.M.); (K.R.)
| | - Felix Meyer
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (I.T.B.); (A.-K.S.); (A.Z.); (F.M.); (K.R.)
| | - Till S. Clauditz
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Adrian Münscher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Stefan Werner
- Department of Tumorbiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (I.T.B.); (A.-K.S.); (A.Z.); (F.M.); (K.R.)
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (I.T.B.); (A.-K.S.); (A.Z.); (F.M.); (K.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Volleth M, Zenker M, Joksic I, Liehr T. Long-term Culture of EBV-induced Human Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines Reveals Chromosomal Instability. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:239-251. [PMID: 32108534 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420910113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To preserve material for future genetic studies, human B-lymphocytes from whole blood samples are routinely transformed into lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) by in vitro infection with Epstein-Barr virus. To determine the rate and frequency of chromosomal changes during long-term culture, we established 10 LCLs (from eight individuals). Before transformation, these cases showed a normal karyotype (three cases), a small supernumerary marker chromosome (three cases), or an aberrant karyotype (four cases). Chromosome analyses were performed at 8-week intervals over a period of at least 1 year, up to 3 years. Surprisingly, we demonstrate that chromosomal instability is the rule, rather than the exception, during long-term culture of LCLs. The most commonly observed acquired clonal aberration was trisomy 12, which emerged in all cell lines within 21 to 49 weeks after infection. Telomeric fusions indicating telomere shortening were found after ~21 weeks. After 1 year of cultivation, the proportion of cells with the original karyotype decreased to ≤10% in 7 of the 10 cell lines. To preserve cells with aberrant genomes, we conclude the cultivation time of LCLs must be restricted to the absolute minimum time required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Volleth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ivana Joksic
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic, GAK Narodni front, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Meyer F, Becker S, Classen S, Parplys AC, Mansour WY, Riepen B, Timm S, Ruebe C, Jasin M, Wikman H, Petersen C, Rothkamm K, Borgmann K. Prevention of DNA Replication Stress by CHK1 Leads to Chemoresistance Despite a DNA Repair Defect in Homologous Recombination in Breast Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010238. [PMID: 31963582 PMCID: PMC7017274 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability not only has a negative effect on survival in triple-negative breast cancer, but also on the well treatable subgroup of luminal A tumors. This suggests a general mechanism independent of subtypes. Increased chromosomal instability (CIN) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is attributed to a defect in the DNA repair pathway homologous recombination. Homologous recombination (HR) prevents genomic instability by repair and protection of replication. It is unclear whether genetic alterations actually lead to a repair defect or whether superior signaling pathways are of greater importance. Previous studies focused exclusively on the repair function of HR. Here, we show that the regulation of HR by the intra-S-phase damage response at the replication is of overriding importance. A damage response activated by Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related-checkpoint kinase 1 (ATR-CHK1) can prevent replication stress and leads to resistance formation. CHK1 thus has a preferred role over HR in preventing replication stress in TNBC. The signaling cascade ATR-CHK1 can compensate for a double-strand break repair error and lead to resistance of HR-deficient tumors. Established methods for the identification of HR-deficient tumors for Poly(ADP-Ribose)-Polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitor therapies should be extended to include analysis of candidates for intra-S phase damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Meyer
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (F.M.); (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.C.P.); (W.Y.M.); (B.R.); (K.R.)
| | - Saskia Becker
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (F.M.); (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.C.P.); (W.Y.M.); (B.R.); (K.R.)
| | - Sandra Classen
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (F.M.); (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.C.P.); (W.Y.M.); (B.R.); (K.R.)
| | - Ann Christin Parplys
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (F.M.); (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.C.P.); (W.Y.M.); (B.R.); (K.R.)
| | - Wael Yassin Mansour
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (F.M.); (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.C.P.); (W.Y.M.); (B.R.); (K.R.)
- Tumor Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Britta Riepen
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (F.M.); (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.C.P.); (W.Y.M.); (B.R.); (K.R.)
| | - Sara Timm
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saarland University, 66421 Hamburg/Saar, Germany; (S.T.); (C.R.)
| | - Claudia Ruebe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saarland University, 66421 Hamburg/Saar, Germany; (S.T.); (C.R.)
| | - Maria Jasin
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Harriet Wikman
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (F.M.); (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.C.P.); (W.Y.M.); (B.R.); (K.R.)
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (F.M.); (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.C.P.); (W.Y.M.); (B.R.); (K.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-74105-3596
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Ye CJ, Stilgenbauer L, Moy A, Liu G, Heng HH. What Is Karyotype Coding and Why Is Genomic Topology Important for Cancer and Evolution? Front Genet 2019; 10:1082. [PMID: 31737054 PMCID: PMC6838208 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While the importance of chromosomal/nuclear variations vs. gene mutations in diseases is becoming more appreciated, less is known about its genomic basis. Traditionally, chromosomes are considered the carriers of genes, and genes define bio-inheritance. In recent years, the gene-centric concept has been challenged by the surprising data of various sequencing projects. The genome system theory has been introduced to offer an alternative framework. One of the key concepts of the genome system theory is karyotype or chromosomal coding: chromosome sets function as gene organizers, and the genomic topologies provide a context for regulating gene expression and function. In other words, the interaction of individual genes, defined by genomic topology, is part of the full informational system. The genes define the “parts inheritance,” while the karyotype and genomic topology (the physical relationship of genes within a three-dimensional nucleus) plus the gene content defines “system inheritance.” In this mini-review, the concept of karyotype or chromosomal coding will be briefly discussed, including: 1) the rationale for searching for new genomic inheritance, 2) chromosomal or karyotype coding (hypothesis, model, and its predictions), and 3) the significance and evidence of chromosomal coding (maintaining and changing the system inheritance-defined bio-systems). This mini-review aims to provide a new conceptual framework for appreciating the genome organization-based information package and its ultimate importance for future genomic and evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Ye
- The Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lukas Stilgenbauer
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Amanda Moy
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Guo Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Henry H Heng
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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Abstract
Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) designates an enigmatic cancer entity with histologic confirmation of malignancy from a metastasis but no identifiable primary tumor in spite of a thorough diagnostic work-up. In this review, we discuss the validity of CUP as a distinct cancer entity as well as diagnostic pitfalls. As arguments against a distinct entity, the diagnosis of CUP is erroneous in some cases. Diagnostic pitfalls include incomplete diagnostics, uncertainty in classifying a lesion as either primary or metastasis and mistaking a relapse of an antecedent malignancy as CUP due to histologic and immunohistologic disparities. Given the high frequency of prior malignancies in CUP patients, relapse of an antecedent cancer should always be carefully excluded. Gene expression profiling-based classifier assays aim at aligning the molecular profile of CUP patients with established primary cancer patterns for highest congruency in order to identify the putative primary and treat accordingly. However, the spectrum of predicted putative primaries by molecular techniques is somewhat at odds with the primaries identified in autopsy series. Also, a first randomized clinical trial did not show superiority of primary-tailored therapy over unspecific platinum-based chemotherapy. CUP cases share an aggressive clinical course, atypical metastasis pattern, rapid progression of metastases, a generally poor response to chemotherapy and dismal outcome as distinct clinical features. Metastatic spread appears to take place in the early stages of tumor evolution, with CUP metastases subsequently undergoing genetic evolution toward a chromosomally highly complex and instable karyotype independent from the primary tumor. In clinical practice, the diagnosis of CUP is valid when no primary tumor is detectable. Treatment should ideally offer broad spectrum coverage across numerous malignancies and be well-established in CUP as is the case for carboplatin/paclitaxel and cisplatin / gemcitabine in particular, but it should also cover the most likely putative primary. The diligent diagnosis of CUP is warranted for clinical trials, making the eligibility process particularly laborious. In conclusion, we deem CUP a distinct cancer entity and the diagnosis accurate in most patient cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilmann Bochtler
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine V, German Cancer Research Center, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alwin Krämer
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine V, German Cancer Research Center, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Ni J, Guo X, Wang H, Zhou T, Wang X. Differences in the Effects of EGCG on Chromosomal Stability and Cell Growth between Normal and Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:E788. [PMID: 29596305 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tea catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) proved to be the most potent physiologically active tea compound in vitro. It possesses antioxidant as well as pro-oxidant properties. EGCG has the effect of inducing apoptosis of tumor cells and inhibiting cell proliferation. Whether this effect is associated with the antioxidant or pro-oxidative effects of EGCG affecting the genome stability of normal and cancer cells has not been confirmed. Here, we selected Human normal colon epithelial cells NCM460 and colon adenocarcinoma cells COLO205 to investigate the effects of EGCG (0–40 μg/mL) on the genome stability and cell growth status. Chromosomal instability (CIN), nuclear division index (NDI), and apoptosis was measured by cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN), and the expression of core genes in mismatch repair (hMLMLH1 and hMSH2) was examined by RT-qPCR. We found that EGCG significantly reduced CIN and apoptosis rate of NCM460 at all concentrations (5–40 μg/mL) and treatment time, EGCG at 5 μg/mL promoted cell division; EGCG could significantly induce chromosome instability in COLO205 cells and trigger apoptosis and inhibition of cell division. These results suggest that EGCG exhibits different genetic and cytological effects in normal and colon cancer cells.
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Barresi V, Castorina S, Musso N, Capizzi C, Luca T, Privitera G, Condorelli DF. Chromosomal instability analysis and regional tumor heterogeneity in colon cancer. Cancer Genet 2016; 210:9-21. [PMID: 28212810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is classically defined as an increase in the rate at which numerical or structural chromosomal aberrations are acquired in a cancer cell. The number of somatic copy number abnormalities (CNAs) revealed by high resolution genomic array can be considered as a surrogate marker for CIN, but several points, related to sample processing and data analysis, need to be standardized. In this work we analyzed 51 CRC samples and matched normal mucosae by whole genome SNP arrays and compared different bioinformatics tools in order to identify broad (>25% of a chromosomal arm) and focal somatic copy number abnormalities (BCNAs and FCNAs respectively). In 15 tumors, two samples, separated by at least 1 cm, were taken from the same tumor mass (double-sampling pairs) in order to evaluate differences in detection of chromosomal abnormalities between distant regions of the same tumor and their influence on CIN quantitative and qualitative analysis. Our data show a high degree of correlation of the quantitative CIN index (somatic BCNA number) between distant tumor regions. On the contrary, a lower correlation is observed in terms of chromosomal distribution of BCNAs, as summarized by a simplified cytogenetic table. Quantitative or qualitative analysis of FCNAs, including homozygous deletions and high level amplifications, did not add further information on the CIN status. The use of the index "somatic BCNA number" can be proposed for a robust classification of tumors as CIN positive or negative even in the presence of a significant tumor regional heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Barresi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Italy; Laboratory of Complex Systems, Scuola Superiore di Catania, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, University of Catania, Italy; Fondazione Mediterranea G.B. Morgagni, Catania, Italy
| | - Nicolò Musso
- Laboratory of Complex Systems, Scuola Superiore di Catania, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Carmela Capizzi
- Laboratory of Complex Systems, Scuola Superiore di Catania, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Tonia Luca
- Fondazione Mediterranea G.B. Morgagni, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Filippo Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Italy; Laboratory of Complex Systems, Scuola Superiore di Catania, University of Catania, Italy.
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