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Ahmed EM, Bandopadhyay G, Coyle B, Grabowska A. A HIF-independent, CD133-mediated mechanism of cisplatin resistance in glioblastoma cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:319-328. [PMID: 29492900 PMCID: PMC5951876 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glioblastoma (GBM) is the commonest brain tumour in adults. A sub-population of cells within these tumours, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), is thought to mediate their chemo-/radiotherapy resistance. CD133 is a cell surface marker that is used to identify and isolate GBM CSCs. However, its functional significance, as well as the relevant microenvironment in which to study CD133, have so far remained unknown. Here, we examined the effect of hypoxia on the expression of CD133 and on that of the hypoxia-related factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α, and the potential functional significance of CD133 expression on the acquisition of chemo-resistance by GBM cells. Methods CD133, HIF-1α, HIF-2α, VEFG and (control) HPRT mRNA expression analyses were carried out on GBM cells (U251, U87 and SNB19; 2D or 3D cultures) under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, using qRT-PCR. siRNA was used to downregulate CD133, HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression in the GBM cells, which was confirmed by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR, respectively. Drug sensitivity-related IC50 values were established using an Alamar Blue cell viability assay in conjunction with the Graphpad prism software tool. Results We found that the expression of CD133 was upregulated under hypoxic conditions in both the 2D and 3D GBM cell culture models. In addition, an increased resistance to cisplatin, temozolomide and etoposide was observed in the GBM cells cultured under hypoxic conditions compared to normoxic conditions. siRNA-mediated knockdown of either HIF-1α or HIF-2α resulted in a reduced CD133 expression, with HIF-2α having a more long-term effect. We also found that HIF-2α downregulation sensitized the GBM cells to cisplatin to a greater extent than HIF-1α, whereas CD133 knockdown had a more marked effect on cisplatin sensitisation than knockdown of either one of the HIFs, suggesting the existence of a HIF-independent cisplatin resistance mechanism mediated by CD133. This same mechanism does not seem to be involved in temozolomide resistance, since we found that HIF-1α downregulation, but not HIF-2α or CD133 downregulation, sensitized GBM cells to temozolomide. Conclusions From our data we conclude that the mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced CD133-mediated cisplatin resistance may be instrumental for the design of new GBM treatment strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s13402-018-0374-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eroje M Ahmed
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Cancer Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gagori Bandopadhyay
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Cancer Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Beth Coyle
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Anna Grabowska
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Cancer Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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102
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Iwasawa T, Zhang P, Ohkawa Y, Momota H, Wakabayashi T, Ohmi Y, Bhuiyan RH, Furukawa K, Furukawa K. Enhancement of malignant properties of human glioma cells by ganglioside GD3/GD2. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1255-1266. [PMID: 29436609 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, gangliosides, are considered as cancer associated antigens in neuro-ectoderm-derived tumors such as melanomas and neuroblastomas. In particular, gangliosides GD3 and GD2 are expressed in human gliomas. It has been reported that their expression levels increase along with increased malignant properties. However, the implication of GD3/GD2 in human glioma cells has never been clarified, at least to the best of our knowledge. In this study, we introduced the cDNA of GD3 synthase (GD3S)(ST8SIA1) into a glioma cell line, U-251MG, that expresses neither GD3 nor GD2, thereby establishing transfectant cells U-251MG-GD3S(+) expressing high levels of GD3 and GD2 on the cell surface. In these U-251MG‑GD3S(+) cell lines, signaling molecules such as Erk1/2, Akt, p130Cas, paxillin and focal adhesion kinase were activated, leading to the enhancement of invasion activity and motility. It was then demonstrated that the U-251MG-GD3S(+) cells could proliferate under culture conditions with low or no serum concentrations without undergoing cell cycle arrest by escaping the accumulation of p16 and p21. All these results suggested that GD3 and GD2 highly expressed in gliomas confer increased invasion and mobility, cell growth abilities under low serum conditions, and increased ratios of the S-G2/M phase in the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiji Iwasawa
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohkawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Momota
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Wakabayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuhsuke Ohmi
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Robiul H Bhuiyan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Keiko Furukawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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103
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Lecca D, Fumagalli M, Ceruti S, Abbracchio MP. Intertwining extracellular nucleotides and their receptors with Ca2+ in determining adult neural stem cell survival, proliferation and final fate. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0433. [PMID: 27377726 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), during both brain and spinal cord development, purinergic and pyrimidinergic signalling molecules (ATP, UTP and adenosine) act synergistically with peptidic growth factors in regulating the synchronized proliferation and final specification of multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) to neurons, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells. Some NSCs still persist throughout adulthood in both specific 'neurogenic' areas and in brain and spinal cord parenchyma, retaining the potentiality to generate all the three main types of adult CNS cells. Once CNS anatomical structures are defined, purinergic molecules participate in calcium-dependent neuron-to-glia communication and also control the behaviour of adult NSCs. After development, some purinergic mechanisms are silenced, but can be resumed after injury, suggesting a role for purinergic signalling in regeneration and self-repair also via the reactivation of adult NSCs. In this respect, at least three different types of adult NSCs participate in the response of the adult brain and spinal cord to insults: stem-like cells residing in classical neurogenic niches, in particular, in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), parenchymal oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs, also known as NG2-glia) and parenchymal injury-activated astrocytes (reactive astrocytes). Here, we shall review and discuss the purinergic regulation of these three main adult NSCs, with particular focus on how and to what extent modulation of intracellular calcium levels by purinoceptors is mandatory to determine their survival, proliferation and final fate.This article is part of the themed issue 'Evolution brings Ca(2+) and ATP together to control life and death'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Lecca
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Fumagalli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Ceruti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria P Abbracchio
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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104
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Lu VM, McDonald KL, Townley HE. Realizing the therapeutic potential of rare earth elements in designing nanoparticles to target and treat glioblastoma. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2389-2401. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of brain cancer glioblastoma (GBM) is poor, and despite intense research, there have been no significant improvements within the last decade. This stasis implicates the need for more novel therapeutic investigation. One such option is the use of nanoparticles (NPs), which can be beneficial due to their ability to penetrate the brain, overcome the blood–brain barrier and take advantage of the enhanced permeation and retention effect of GBM to improve specificity. Rare earth elements possess a number of interesting natural properties due to their unique electronic configuration, which may prove therapeutically advantageous in an NP formulation. The underexplored exciting potential for rare earth elements to augment the therapeutic potential of NPs in GBM treatment is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Lu
- Cure Brain Cancer Foundation Biomarkers & Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kerrie L McDonald
- Cure Brain Cancer Foundation Biomarkers & Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen E Townley
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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105
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Lee E, Pain M, Wang H, Herman JA, Toledo CM, DeLuca JG, Yong RL, Paddison P, Zhu J. Sensitivity to BUB1B Inhibition Defines an Alternative Classification of Glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5518-5529. [PMID: 28855212 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains a mainly incurable disease in desperate need of more effective treatments. In this study, we develop evidence that the mitotic spindle checkpoint molecule BUB1B may offer a predictive marker for aggressiveness and effective drug response. A subset of GBM tumor isolates requires BUB1B to suppress lethal kinetochore-microtubule attachment defects. Using gene expression data from GBM stem-like cells, astrocytes, and neural progenitor cells that are sensitive or resistant to BUB1B inhibition, we created a computational framework to predict sensitivity to BUB1B inhibition. Applying this framework to tumor expression data from patients, we stratified tumors into BUB1B-sensitive (BUB1BS) or BUB1B-resistant (BUB1BR) subtypes. Through this effort, we found that BUB1BS patients have a significantly worse prognosis regardless of tumor development subtype (i.e., classical, mesenchymal, neural, proneural). Functional genomic profiling of BUB1BR versus BUB1BS isolates revealed a differential reliance of genes enriched in the BUB1BS classifier, including those involved in mitotic cell cycle, microtubule organization, and chromosome segregation. By comparing drug sensitivity profiles, we predicted BUB1BS cells to be more sensitive to type I and II topoisomerase inhibitors, Raf inhibitors, and other drugs, and experimentally validated some of these predictions. Taken together, the results show that our BUB1BR/S classification of GBM tumors can predict clinical course and sensitivity to drug treatment. Cancer Res; 77(20); 5518-29. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjee Lee
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Margaret Pain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Huaien Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jacob A Herman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Chad M Toledo
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jennifer G DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Raymund L Yong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Patrick Paddison
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. .,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Sema4 Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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106
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MicroRNA Regulation of Glycolytic Metabolism in Glioblastoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9157370. [PMID: 28804724 PMCID: PMC5539934 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9157370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common malignant brain tumour in adults. A well-known hallmark of GMB and many other tumours is aerobic glycolysis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short nonprotein coding sequences that exert posttranscriptional controls on gene expression and represent critical regulators of aerobic glycolysis in GBM. In GBM, miRNAs regulate the expression of glycolytic genes directly and via the regulation of metabolism-associated tumour suppressors and oncogenic signalling pathways. This review aims to establish links between miRNAs expression levels, the expression of GBM glycolytic regulatory genes, and the malignant progression and prognosis of GBM. In this review, the involvement of 25 miRNAs in the regulation of glycolytic metabolism of GBM is discussed. Seven of these miRNAs have been shown to regulate glycolytic metabolism in other tumour types. Further eight miRNAs, which are differentially expressed in GBM, have also been reported to regulate glycolytic metabolism in other cancer types. Thus, these miRNAs could serve as potential glycolytic regulators in GBM but will require functional validation. As such, the characterisation of these molecular and metabolic signatures in GBM can facilitate a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this disease.
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107
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Winograd EK, Ciesielski MJ, Fenstermaker RA. Novel vaccines for glioblastoma: clinical update and perspective. Immunotherapy 2017; 8:1293-1308. [PMID: 27993092 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2016-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain cancer. Aggressive treatment with surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy provides limited overall survival benefit. Glioblastomas have a formidable tumor microenvironment that is hostile to immunological effector cells and these cancers produce profound systemic immunosuppression. However, surgical resection of these tumors creates conditions that favor the use of immunotherapeutic strategies. Therefore, extensive surgical resection, when feasible, will remain part of the equation to provide an environment in which active specific immunotherapy has the greatest chance of working. Toward that end, a number of vaccination protocols are under investigation. Vaccines studied to date have produced cellular and humoral antitumor responses, but unequivocal clinical efficacy has yet to be demonstrated. In addition, focus is shifting toward the prospect of therapies involving vaccines in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors and other immunomodulatory agents so that effector cells remain active against their targets systemically and within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan K Winograd
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Michael J Ciesielski
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.,Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Robert A Fenstermaker
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.,Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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108
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Tweety-Homolog 1 Drives Brain Colonization of Gliomas. J Neurosci 2017; 37:6837-6850. [PMID: 28607172 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3532-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Early and progressive colonization of the healthy brain is one hallmark of diffuse gliomas, including glioblastomas. We recently discovered ultralong (>10 to hundreds of microns) membrane protrusions [tumor microtubes (TMs)] extended by glioma cells. TMs have been associated with the capacity of glioma cells to effectively invade the brain and proliferate. Moreover, TMs are also used by some tumor cells to interconnect to one large, resistant multicellular network. Here, we performed a correlative gene-expression microarray and in vivo imaging analysis, and identified novel molecular candidates for TM formation and function. Interestingly, these genes were previously linked to normal CNS development. One of the genes scoring highest in tests related to the outgrowth of TMs was tweety-homolog 1 (TTYH1), which was highly expressed in a fraction of TMs in mice and patients. Ttyh1 was confirmed to be a potent regulator of normal TM morphology and of TM-mediated tumor-cell invasion and proliferation. Glioma cells with one or two TMs were mainly responsible for effective brain colonization, and Ttyh1 downregulation particularly affected this cellular subtype, resulting in reduced tumor progression and prolonged survival of mice. The remaining Ttyh1-deficient tumor cells, however, had more interconnecting TMs, which were associated with increased radioresistance in those small tumors. These findings imply a cellular and molecular heterogeneity in gliomas regarding formation and function of distinct TM subtypes, with multiple parallels to neuronal development, and suggest that Ttyh1 might be a promising target to specifically reduce TM-associated brain colonization by glioma cells in patients.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this report, we identify tweety-homolog 1 (Ttyh1), a membrane protein linked to neuronal development, as a potent driver of tumor microtube (TM)-mediated brain colonization by glioma cells. Targeting of Ttyh1 effectively inhibited the formation of invasive TMs and glioma growth, but increased network formation by intercellular TMs, suggesting a functional and molecular heterogeneity of the recently discovered TMs with potential implications for future TM-targeting strategies.
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109
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Aberrant ganglioside composition in glioblastoma multiforme and peritumoral tissue: A mass spectrometry characterization. Biochimie 2017; 137:56-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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110
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Heras FL, Diocares G. NEUROPATOLOGÍA: DIAGNÓSTICO CON BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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111
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Nandhu MS, Kwiatkowska A, Bhaskaran V, Hayes J, Hu B, Viapiano MS. Tumor-derived fibulin-3 activates pro-invasive NF-κB signaling in glioblastoma cells and their microenvironment. Oncogene 2017; 36:4875-4886. [PMID: 28414309 PMCID: PMC5570669 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Molecular profiling of glioblastomas has revealed the presence of key signaling hubs that contribute to tumor progression and acquisition of resistance. One of these main signaling mechanisms is the NF-κB pathway, which integrates multiple extracellular signals into transcriptional programs for tumor growth, invasion, and maintenance of the tumor-initiating population. We show here that an extracellular protein released by glioblastoma cells, fibulin-3, drives oncogenic NF-κB in the tumor and increases NF-κB activation in peritumoral astrocytes. Fibulin-3 expression correlates with a NF-κB-regulated “invasive signature” linked to poorer survival, being a possible tissue marker for regions of active tumor progression. Accordingly, fibulin-3 promotes glioblastoma invasion in a manner that requires NF-κB activation both in the tumor cells and their microenvironment. Mechanistically, we found that fibulin-3 activates the metalloprotease ADAM17 by competing with its endogenous inhibitor, TIMP3. This results in sustained release of soluble TNFα by ADAM17, which in turn activates TNF receptors and canonical NF-κB signaling. Taken together, our results underscore fibulin-3 as a novel extracellular signal with strong activating effect on NF-κB in malignant gliomas. Because fibulin-3 is produced de novo in these tumors and is absent from normal brain we propose that targeting the fibulin-3/NF-κB axis may provide a novel avenue to disrupt oncogenic NF-κB signaling in combination therapies for malignant brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Nandhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - A Kwiatkowska
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - V Bhaskaran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Hayes
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Family Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B Hu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M S Viapiano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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112
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Kambach DM, Halim AS, Cauer A, Sun Q, Tristan CA, Celiku O, Kesarwala AH, Shankavaram U, Batchelor E, Stommel JM. Disabled cell density sensing leads to dysregulated cholesterol synthesis in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14860-14875. [PMID: 28118603 PMCID: PMC5362450 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of cellular transformation is the evasion of contact-dependent inhibition of growth. To find new therapeutic targets for glioblastoma, we looked for pathways that are inhibited by high cell density in astrocytes but not in glioma cells. Here we report that glioma cells have disabled the normal controls on cholesterol synthesis. At high cell density, astrocytes turn off cholesterol synthesis genes and have low cholesterol levels, but glioma cells keep this pathway on and maintain high cholesterol. Correspondingly, cholesterol pathway upregulation is associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma patients. Densely-plated glioma cells increase oxygen consumption, aerobic glycolysis, and the pentose phosphate pathway to synthesize cholesterol, resulting in a decrease in reactive oxygen species, TCA cycle intermediates, and ATP. This constitutive cholesterol synthesis is controlled by the cell cycle, as it can be turned off by cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and it correlates with disabled cell cycle control though loss of p53 and RB. Finally, glioma cells, but not astrocytes, are sensitive to cholesterol synthesis inhibition downstream of the mevalonate pathway, suggesting that specifically targeting cholesterol synthesis might be an effective treatment for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M. Kambach
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan S. Halim
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - A.Gesine Cauer
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qian Sun
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carlos A. Tristan
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Orieta Celiku
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aparna H. Kesarwala
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eric Batchelor
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jayne M. Stommel
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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113
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Capdevila C, Rodríguez Vázquez L, Martí J. Glioblastoma Multiforme and Adult Neurogenesis in the Ventricular-Subventricular Zone: A Review. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:1596-1601. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Capdevila
- Unidad de Citología e Histología, Departament de Biologia Cel.lular; de Fisiologia i d'Immunologia, Facultad de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Lucía Rodríguez Vázquez
- Unidad de Citología e Histología, Departament de Biologia Cel.lular; de Fisiologia i d'Immunologia, Facultad de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Joaquín Martí
- Unidad de Citología e Histología, Departament de Biologia Cel.lular; de Fisiologia i d'Immunologia, Facultad de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
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Abstract
Gliomas form a heterogeneous group of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) and are traditionally classified based on histologic type and malignancy grade. Most gliomas, the diffuse gliomas, show extensive infiltration in the CNS parenchyma. Diffuse gliomas can be further typed as astrocytic, oligodendroglial, or rare mixed oligodendroglial-astrocytic of World Health Organization (WHO) grade II (low grade), III (anaplastic), or IV (glioblastoma). Other gliomas generally have a more circumscribed growth pattern, with pilocytic astrocytomas (WHO grade I) and ependymal tumors (WHO grade I, II, or III) as the most frequent representatives. This chapter provides an overview of the histology of all glial neoplasms listed in the WHO 2016 classification, including the less frequent "nondiffuse" gliomas and mixed neuronal-glial tumors. For multiple decades the histologic diagnosis of these tumors formed a useful basis for assessment of prognosis and therapeutic management. However, it is now fully clear that information on the molecular underpinnings often allows for a more robust classification of (glial) neoplasms. Indeed, in the WHO 2016 classification, histologic and molecular findings are integrated in the definition of several gliomas. As such, this chapter and Chapter 6 are highly interrelated and neither should be considered in isolation.
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115
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Robel S, Sontheimer H. Glia as drivers of abnormal neuronal activity. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:28-33. [PMID: 26713746 PMCID: PMC4966160 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes have been proposed to become incompetent bystanders in epilepsy as a result of cellular changes rendering them unable to perform important housekeeping functions. Indeed, successful surgical treatment of mesiotemporal lobe epilepsy hinges on the removal of the glial scar. New research now extends the role of astrocytes, suggesting that they may drive the disease process by impairing the inhibitory action of neuronal GABA receptors. Here we discuss studies that include hyperexcitability resulting from impaired supply of astrocytic glutamine for neuronal GABA synthesis, and epilepsy resulting from genetically induced astrogliosis or malignant transformation, both of which render the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA excitatory. In these examples, glial cells alter the expression or function of neuronal proteins involved in excitability. Although epilepsy has traditionally been thought of as a disease caused by changes in neuronal properties exclusively, these new findings challenge us to consider the contribution of glial cells as drivers of epileptogenesis in acquired epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Robel
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Glial Biology in Health, Disease, and Cancer Center, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Glial Biology in Health, Disease, and Cancer Center, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
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116
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Jha MK, Lee WH, Suk K. Functional polarization of neuroglia: Implications in neuroinflammation and neurological disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 103:1-16. [PMID: 26556658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent neuroscience research has established the adult brain as a dynamic organ having a unique ability to undergo changes with time. Neuroglia, especially microglia and astrocytes, provide dynamicity to the brain. Activation of these glial cells is a major component of the neuroinflammatory responses underlying brain injury and neurodegeneration. Glial cells execute functional reaction programs in response to diverse microenvironmental signals manifested by neuropathological conditions. Activated microglia exist along a continuum of two functional states of polarization namely M1-type (classical/proinflammatory activation) and M2-type (alternative/anti-inflammatory activation) as in macrophages. The balance between classically and alternatively activated microglial phenotypes influences disease progression in the CNS. The classically activated state of microglia drives the neuroinflammatory response and mediates the detrimental effects on neurons, whereas in their alternative activation state, which is apparently a beneficial activation state, the microglia play a crucial role in tissue maintenance and repair. Likewise, in response to immune or inflammatory microenvironments astrocytes also adopt neurotoxic or neuroprotective phenotypes. Reactive astrocytes exhibit two distinctive functional phenotypes defined by pro- or anti-inflammatory gene expression profile. In this review, we have thoroughly covered recent advances in the understanding of the functional polarization of brain and peripheral glia and its implications in neuroinflammation and neurological disorders. The identifiable phenotypes adopted by neuroglia in response to specific insult or injury can be exploited as promising diagnostic markers of neuroinflammatory diseases. Furthermore, harnessing the beneficial effects of the polarized glia could undoubtedly pave the way for the formulation of novel glia-based therapeutic strategies for diverse neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithilesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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117
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Construction and analysis of dynamic transcription factor regulatory networks in the progression of glioma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15953. [PMID: 26526635 PMCID: PMC4630656 DOI: 10.1038/srep15953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The combinatorial cross-regulation of transcription factors (TFs) plays an important role in cellular identity and function; however, the dynamic regulation of TFs during glioma progression remains largely unknown. Here, we used the genome-wide expression of TFs to construct an extensive human TF network comprising interactions among 513 TFs and to analyse the dynamics of the TF-TF network during glioma progression. We found that the TF regulatory networks share a common architecture and that the topological structures are conserved. Strikingly, despite the conservation of the network architecture, TF regulatory networks are highly grade specific, and TF circuitry motifs are dynamically rewired during glioma progression. In addition, the most frequently observed structure in the grade-specific TF networks was the feedforward loop (FFL). We described applications that show how investigating the behaviour of FFLs in glioblastoma can reveal FFLs (such as RARG-NR1I2-CDX2) that are associated with prognosis. We constructed comprehensive TF-TF networks and systematically analysed the circuitry, dynamics, and topological principles of the networks during glioma progression, which will further enhance our understanding of the functions of TFs in glioma.
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118
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van Vuurden DG, Aronica E, Hulleman E, Wedekind LE, Biesmans D, Malekzadeh A, Bugiani M, Geerts D, Noske DP, Vandertop WP, Kaspers GJL, Cloos J, Würdinger T, van der Stoop PPM. Pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox interacting protein 1 is overexpressed in astrocytoma and promotes tumor cell growth and migration. Neuro Oncol 2015; 16:946-59. [PMID: 24470547 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glial brain tumors cause considerable mortality and morbidity in children and adults. Innovative targets for therapy are needed to improve survival and reduce long-term sequelae. The aim of this study was to find a candidate tumor-promoting protein, abundantly expressed in tumor cells but not in normal brain tissues, as a potential target for therapy. METHODS In silico proteomics and genomics, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence microscopy validation were performed. RNA interference was used to ascertain the functional role of the overexpressed candidate target protein. RESULTS In silico proteomics and genomics revealed pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox (PBX) interacting protein 1 (PBXIP1) overexpression in adult and childhood high-grade glioma and ependymoma compared with normal brain. PBXIP1 is a PBX-family interacting microtubule-binding protein with a putative role in migration and proliferation of cancer cells. Immunohistochemical studies in glial tumors validated PBXIP1 expression in astrocytoma and ependymoma but not in oligodendroglioma. RNAi-mediated PBXIP1-knockdown in glioblastoma cell lines strongly reduced proliferation and migration and induced morphological changes, indicating that PBXIP1 knockdown decreases glioma cell viability and motility through rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, expression of PBXIP1 was observed in radial glia and astrocytic progenitor cells in human fetal tissues, suggesting that PBXIP1 is an astroglial progenitor cell marker during human embryonic development. CONCLUSION PBXIP1 is a novel protein overexpressed in astrocytoma and ependymoma, involved in tumor cell proliferation and migration, that warrants further exploration as a novel therapeutic target in these tumors.
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119
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Grodecki J, Short AR, Winter JO, Rao SS, Winter JO, Otero JJ, Lannutti JJ, Sarkar A. Glioma-astrocyte interactions on white matter tract-mimetic aligned electrospun nanofibers. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1406-15. [PMID: 26081199 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are highly invasive forms of brain cancer comprising more than 50% of brain tumor cases in adults, and astrocytomas account for ∼60-70% of all gliomas. As a result of multiple factors, including enhanced migratory properties and extracellular matrix remodeling, even with current standards of care, mean survival time for patients is only ∼12 months. Because glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells arise from astrocytes, there is great interest in elucidating the interactions of these two cell types in vivo. Previous work performed on two-dimensional assays (i.e., tissue culture plastic and Boyden chamber assays) utilizes substrates that lack the complexities of the natural microenvironment. Here, we employed a three-dimensional, electrospun poly-(caprolactone) (PCL) nanofiber system (NFS) to mimic some features of topographical properties evidenced in vivo. Co-cultures of human GBM cells and rat astrocytes, as performed on the NFS, showed a significant increase in astrocyte GFAP expression, particularly in the presence of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposited by GBM cells. In addition, GBM migration increased in the presence of astrocytes or soluble factors (i.e., conditioned media). However, the presence of fixed astrocytes acted as an antagonist, lowering GBM migration rates. This data suggests that astrocytes and GBM cells interact through a multitude of pathways, including soluble factors and direct contact. This work demonstrates the potential of the NFS to duplicate some topographical features of the GBM tumor microenvironment, permitting analysis of topographical effects in GBM migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Grodecki
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Aaron R Short
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jessica O Winter
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Shreyas S Rao
- William G. Lowrie Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jessica O Winter
- William G. Lowrie Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - José Javier Otero
- Dept. of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - John J Lannutti
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Atom Sarkar
- Dept. of Neurosurgery and Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA
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120
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Oligodendroglioma: pathology, molecular mechanisms and markers. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:809-27. [PMID: 25943885 PMCID: PMC4436696 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For nearly a century, the diagnosis and grading of oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas has been based on histopathology alone. Roughly 20 years ago, the first glioma-associated molecular signature was found with complete chromosome 1p and 19q codeletion being particularly common in histologically classic oligodendrogliomas. Subsequently, this codeletion appeared to not only carry diagnostic, but also prognostic and predictive information, the latter aspect only recently resolved after carefully constructed clinical trials with very long follow-up times. More recently described biomarkers, including the non-balanced translocation leading to 1p/19q codeletion, promoter hypermethylation of the MGMT gene, mutations of the IDH1 or IDH2 gene, and mutations of FUBP1 (on 1p) or CIC (on 19q), have greatly enhanced our understanding of oligodendroglioma biology, although their diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive roles are less clear. It has therefore been suggested that complete 1p/19q codeletion be required for the diagnosis of 'canonical oligodendroglioma'. This transition to an integrated morphological and molecular diagnosis may result in the disappearance of oligoastrocytoma as an entity, but brings new challenges as well. For instance it needs to be sorted out how (histopathological) criteria for grading of 'canonical oligodendrogliomas' should be adapted, how pediatric oligodendrogliomas (known to lack codeletions) should be defined, which platforms and cut-off levels should ideally be used for demonstration of particular molecular aberrations, and how the diagnosis of oligodendroglioma should be made in centers/countries where molecular diagnostics is not available. Meanwhile, smart integration of morphological and molecular information will lead to recognition of biologically much more uniform groups within the spectrum of diffuse gliomas and thereby facilitate tailored treatments for individual patients.
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121
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Mehta M, Khan A, Danish S, Haffty BG, Sabaawy HE. Radiosensitization of Primary Human Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells with Low-Dose AKT Inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1171-80. [PMID: 25695954 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and lethal brain cancer. The lack of early detection methods, the presence of rapidly growing tumor cells, and the high levels of recurrence due to chemo- and radioresistance make this cancer an extremely difficult disease to treat. Emerging studies have focused on inhibiting AKT activation; here, we demonstrate that in primary GBM tumor samples, full-dose inhibition of AKT activity leads to differential responses among samples in the context of cell death and self-renewal, reinforcing the notion that GBM is a heterogeneous disease. In contrast, low-dose AKT inhibition when combined with fractionation of radiation doses leads to a significant apoptosis-mediated cell death of primary patient-derived GBM cells. Therefore, low-dose-targeted therapies might be better for radiosensitization of primary GBM cells and further allow for reducing the clinical toxicities often associated with targeting the AKT/PI3K/mTOR pathway. This work emphasizes the discrepancies between cell lines and primary tumors in drug testing, and indicates that there are salient differences between patients, highlighting the need for personalized medicine in treating high-grade glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monal Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, RBHS-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Atif Khan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Shabbar Danish
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Bruce G Haffty
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Hatem E Sabaawy
- Department of Pharmacology, RBHS-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. Department of Medicine, RBHS-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
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122
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Zong H, Parada LF, Baker SJ. Cell of origin for malignant gliomas and its implication in therapeutic development. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2015; 7:cshperspect.a020610. [PMID: 25635044 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a020610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Malignant glioma remains incurable despite tremendous advancement in basic research and clinical practice. The identification of the cell(s) of origin should provide deep insights into leverage points for one to halt disease progression. Here we summarize recent studies that support the notion that neural stem cell (NSC), astrocyte, and oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) can all serve as the cell of origin. We also lay out important considerations on technical rigor for further exploring this subject. Finally, we share perspectives on how one could apply the knowledge of cell of origin to develop effective treatment methods. Although it will be a difficult battle, victory should be within reach as along as we continue to assimilate new information and facilitate the collaboration among basic scientists, translational researchers, and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Luis F Parada
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Suzanne J Baker
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
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123
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Eyüpoglu IY, Hore N, Fan Z, Buslei R, Merkel A, Buchfelder M, Savaskan NE. Intraoperative vascular DIVA surgery reveals angiogenic hotspots in tumor zones of malignant gliomas. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7958. [PMID: 25609379 PMCID: PMC4302292 DOI: 10.1038/srep07958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas belong to the most threatening tumor entities and are hallmarked by rapid proliferation, hypervascularization and an invasive growth pattern. The primary obstacle in surgical treatment lies in differentiation between healthy and pathological tissue at the tumor margins, where current visualization methods reach their limits. Here, we report on a novel technique (vascular dual intraoperative visualization approach - vDIVA) enabling visualization of different tumor zones (TZ I–III) on the basis of angiogenic hotspots. We investigated glioblastoma patients who underwent 5-ALA fluorescence-guided surgery with simultaneous intraoperative ICG fluorescence angiography. This vDIVA technique revealed hypervascularized areas which were further histologically investigated. Neuropathological assessments revealed tissue areas at the resection margins corresponding to TZ II, and postoperative CD34- and Map2 immunostaining confirmed these angiogenic hotspots to be occupied by glioma cells. Hence, the vascular architecture in this transitional zone could be well differentiated from both primary tumor bulk and healthy brain parenchyma. These data demonstrate that ICG fluorescence angiography improves state-of-the-art glioma surgery techniques and facilitates the future characterization of polyclonal attributes of malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Y Eyüpoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of the Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
| | - Nirjhar Hore
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of the Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
| | - Zheng Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of the Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
| | - Rolf Buslei
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty of the Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
| | - Andreas Merkel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of the Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
| | - Michael Buchfelder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of the Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
| | - Nicolai E Savaskan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of the Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
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124
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JUNGHANS ANN, WALTMAN MARYJO, SMITH HILLARYL, POCIVAVSEK LUKA, ZEBDA NOUREDDINE, BIRUKOV KONSTANTIN, VIAPIANO MARIANO, MAJEWSKI JAROSLAW. Understanding dynamic changes in live cell adhesion with neutron reflectometry. MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS. B, CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, APPLIED PHYSICS 2014; 28:1430015. [PMID: 25705067 PMCID: PMC4334466 DOI: 10.1142/s0217984914300154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Neutron reflectometry (NR) was used to examine various live cells adhesion to quartz substrates under different environmental conditions, including flow stress. To the best of our knowledge, these measurements represent the first successful visualization and quantization of the interface between live cells and a substrate with sub-nanometer resolution. In our first experiments, we examined live mouse fibroblast cells as opposed to past experiments using supported lipids, proteins, or peptide layers with no associated cells. We continued the NR studies of cell adhesion by investigating endothelial monolayers and glioblastoma cells under dynamic flow conditions. We demonstrated that neutron reflectometry is a powerful tool to study the strength of cellular layer adhesion in living tissues, which is a key factor in understanding the physiology of cell interactions and conditions leading to abnormal or disease circumstances. Continuative measurements, such as investigating changes in tumor cell - surface contact of various glioblastomas, could impact advancements in tumor treatments. In principle, this can help us to identify changes that correlate with tumor invasiveness. Pursuit of these studies can have significant medical impact on the understanding of complex biological problems and their effective treatment, e.g. for the development of targeted anti-invasive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- ANN JUNGHANS
- MPA-CINT/Lujan Neutron Scattering Center, Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - MARY JO WALTMAN
- Biosciences Division, Bioenergy and Biome Sciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - HILLARY L. SMITH
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - LUKA POCIVAVSEK
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - NOUREDDINE ZEBDA
- NDA Analytics, Woolley Road, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, PE28 4HS, UK
| | - KONSTANTIN BIRUKOV
- Lung Injury Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicag; 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - MARIANO VIAPIANO
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - JAROSLAW MAJEWSKI
- MPA-CINT/Lujan Neutron Scattering Center, Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
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125
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Saraiva-Esperón U, Ruibal A, Herranz M. The contrasting epigenetic role of RUNX3 when compared with that of MGMT and TIMP3 in glioblastoma multiforme clinical outcomes. J Neurol Sci 2014; 347:325-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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126
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Xie Y, Li X, Zhang X, Mei S, Li H, Urso A, Zhu S. The Drosophila Sp8 transcription factor Buttonhead prevents premature differentiation of intermediate neural progenitors. eLife 2014; 3. [PMID: 25285448 PMCID: PMC4221738 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate neural progenitor cells (INPs) need to avoid differentiation and cell cycle exit while maintaining restricted developmental potential, but mechanisms preventing differentiation and cell cycle exit of INPs are not well understood. In this study, we report that the Drosophila homolog of mammalian Sp8 transcription factor Buttonhead (Btd) prevents premature differentiation and cell cycle exit of INPs in Drosophila larval type II neuroblast (NB) lineages. We show that the loss of Btd leads to elimination of mature INPs due to premature differentiation of INPs into terminally dividing ganglion mother cells. We provide evidence to demonstrate that Btd prevents the premature differentiation by suppressing the expression of the homeodomain protein Prospero in immature INPs. We further show that Btd functions cooperatively with the Ets transcription factor Pointed P1 to promote the generation of INPs. Thus, our work reveals a critical mechanism that prevents premature differentiation and cell cycle exit of Drosophila INPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Xie
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
| | - Xiaosu Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
| | - Shaolin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
| | | | - Sijun Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
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127
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Nandhu MS, Hu B, Cole SE, Erdreich-Epstein A, Rodriguez-Gil DJ, Viapiano MS. Novel paracrine modulation of Notch-DLL4 signaling by fibulin-3 promotes angiogenesis in high-grade gliomas. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5435-5448. [PMID: 25139440 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are characterized by exuberant vascularization, diffuse invasion, and significant chemoresistance, resulting in a recurrent phenotype that makes them impossible to eradicate in the long term. Targeting protumoral signals in the glioma microenvironment could have significant impact against tumor cells and the supporting niche that facilitates their growth. Fibulin-3 is a protein secreted by glioma cells, but absent in normal brain, that promotes tumor invasion and survival. We show here that fibulin-3 is a paracrine activator of Notch signaling in endothelial cells and promotes glioma angiogenesis. Fibulin-3 overexpression increased tumor VEGF levels, microvascular density, and vessel permeability, whereas fibulin-3 knockdown reduced vessel density in xenograft models of glioma. Fibulin-3 localization in human glioblastomas showed dense fiber-like condensations around tumor blood vessels, which were absent in normal brain, suggesting a remarkable association of this protein with tumor endothelium. At the cellular level, fibulin-3 enhanced endothelial cell motility and association to glioma cells, reduced endothelial cell sprouting, and increased formation of endothelial tubules in a VEGF-independent and Notch-dependent manner. Fibulin-3 increased ADAM10/17 activity in endothelial cells by inhibiting the metalloprotease inhibitor TIMP3; this resulted in increased Notch cleavage and increased expression of DLL4 independently of VEGF signaling. Inhibition of ADAM10/17 or knockdown of DLL4 reduced the proangiogenic effects of fibulin-3 in culture. Taken together, these results reveal a novel, proangiogenic role of fibulin-3 in gliomas, highlighting the relevance of this protein as an important molecular target in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan S Nandhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, The Ohio State University
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University
| | - Susan E Cole
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University
| | - Anat Erdreich-Epstein
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine and the University of South California
| | | | - Mariano S Viapiano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, The Ohio State University
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128
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Cuddapah VA, Robel S, Watkins S, Sontheimer H. A neurocentric perspective on glioma invasion. Nat Rev Neurosci 2014; 15:455-65. [PMID: 24946761 PMCID: PMC5304245 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are devastating tumours that frequently kill patients within 1 year of diagnosis. The major obstacle to a cure is diffuse invasion, which enables tumours to escape complete surgical resection and chemo- and radiation therapy. Gliomas use the same tortuous extracellular routes of migration that are travelled by immature neurons and stem cells, frequently using blood vessels as guides. They repurpose ion channels to dynamically adjust their cell volume to accommodate to narrow spaces and breach the blood-brain barrier through disruption of astrocytic endfeet, which envelop blood vessels. The unique biology of glioma invasion provides hitherto unexplored brain-specific therapeutic targets for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Anand Cuddapah
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 6th Avenue South, CIRC 425, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Stefanie Robel
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 6th Avenue South, CIRC 425, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Stacey Watkins
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 6th Avenue South, CIRC 425, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 6th Avenue South, CIRC 425, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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129
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Tsankova NM, Canoll P. Advances in genetic and epigenetic analyses of gliomas: a neuropathological perspective. J Neurooncol 2014; 119:481-90. [PMID: 24962200 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas, the most common malignant primary brain tumors, are universally fatal once they progress from low-grade into high-grade neoplasms. In recent years, we have accumulated unprecedented data about the genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in gliomas; yet, our appreciation of how these deadly tumors arise is still rudimentary. One of the major deterrents in understanding gliomagenesis is the remarkably complex and heterogeneous molecular composition of gliomas, as well as their ability to change phenotypically as they progress and recur. In the past decade, several monumental studies have begun to define better glioma heterogeneity. Four distinct molecular subgroups have emerged: proneural, classical, mesenchymal, and neural; which have unique gene expression signatures and prognostic significance. Of these, gliomas of the proneural subtype, which encompass most grade II/III diffuse gliomas and secondary glioblastomas and often carry isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations, have emerged as a distinct tumor subclass with a notably superior prognosis. Important molecular markers with prognostic relevance, such as mutant IDH1/2, have already been incorporated into clinical neuropathological practice. The recent molecular discoveries in gliomas have also emphasized the intimate link between epigenetics and genetics in gliomagenesis. Several of the novel genetic mutations described are responsible for distinct epigenetic remodeling in gliomas, the mechanisms of which are currently being elucidated. Importantly, these epigenetic and genomic alterations represent new and exciting drug targets for future therapeutic interventions in our continuous fight with this fatal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadejda M Tsankova
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,
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130
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Roesler
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Cancer Research Laboratory, University Hospital Research Center (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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131
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Havrda MC, Paolella BR, Ran C, Jering KS, Wray CM, Sullivan JM, Nailor A, Hitoshi Y, Israel MA. Id2 mediates oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation arrest and is tumorigenic in a PDGF-rich microenvironment. Cancer Res 2014; 74:1822-32. [PMID: 24425046 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Maturation defects occurring in adult tissue progenitor cells have the potential to contribute to tumor development; however, there is little experimental evidence implicating this cellular mechanism in the pathogenesis of solid tumors. Inhibitor of DNA-binding 2 (Id2) is a transcription factor known to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of primitive stem and progenitor cells. Id2 is derepressed in adult tissue neural stem cells (NSC) lacking the tumor suppressor Tp53 and modulates their proliferation. Constitutive expression of Id2 in differentiating NSCs resulted in maturation-resistant oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPC), a cell population implicated in the initiation of glioma. Mechanistically, Id2 overexpression was associated with inhibition of the Notch effector Hey1, a bHLH transcription factor that we here characterize as a direct transcriptional repressor of the oligodendroglial lineage determinant Olig2. Orthotopic inoculation of NSCs with enhanced Id2 expression into brains of mice engineered to express platelet-derived growth factor in the central nervous system resulted in glioma. These data implicate a mechanism of altered NSC differentiation in glioma development and characterize a novel mouse model that reflects key characteristics of the recently described proneural subtype of glioblastoma multiforme. Such findings support the emerging concept that the cellular and molecular characteristics of tumor cells are linked to the transformation of distinct subsets of adult tissue progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Havrda
- Authors' Affiliations: Norris Cotton Cancer Center; Departments of Genetics; Pediatrics; and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
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132
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Sonabend AM, Bansal M, Guarnieri P, Lei L, Amendolara B, Soderquist C, Leung R, Yun J, Kennedy B, Sisti J, Bruce S, Bruce R, Shakya R, Ludwig T, Rosenfeld S, Sims PA, Bruce JN, Califano A, Canoll P. The transcriptional regulatory network of proneural glioma determines the genetic alterations selected during tumor progression. Cancer Res 2014; 74:1440-1451. [PMID: 24390738 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proneural glioblastoma is defined by an expression pattern resembling that of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and carries a distinctive set of genetic alterations. Whether there is a functional relationship between the proneural phenotype and the associated genetic alterations is unknown. To evaluate this possible relationship, we performed a longitudinal molecular characterization of tumor progression in a mouse model of proneural glioma. In this setting, the tumors acquired remarkably consistent genetic deletions at late stages of progression, similar to those deleted in human proneural glioblastoma. Further investigations revealed that p53 is a master regulator of the transcriptional network underlying the proneural phenotype. This p53-centric transcriptional network and its associated phenotype were observed at both the early and late stages of progression, and preceded the proneural-specific deletions. Remarkably, deletion of p53 at the time of tumor initiation obviated the acquisition of later deletions, establishing a link between the proneural transcriptional network and the subtype-specific deletions selected during glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Sonabend
- Gabriele Bartoli Brain Tumor Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Irving Research Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Mukesh Bansal
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY.,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Paolo Guarnieri
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY.,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Liang Lei
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Research Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Benjamin Amendolara
- Gabriele Bartoli Brain Tumor Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Irving Research Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Craig Soderquist
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Research Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Richard Leung
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Research Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan Yun
- Gabriele Bartoli Brain Tumor Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Irving Research Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Benjamin Kennedy
- Gabriele Bartoli Brain Tumor Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Irving Research Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Julia Sisti
- Gabriele Bartoli Brain Tumor Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Irving Research Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Samuel Bruce
- Gabriele Bartoli Brain Tumor Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Irving Research Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Rachel Bruce
- Gabriele Bartoli Brain Tumor Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Irving Research Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Reena Shakya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Thomas Ludwig
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Steven Rosenfeld
- Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jeffrey N Bruce
- Gabriele Bartoli Brain Tumor Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Irving Research Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY.,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, New York, NY.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY.,Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, Columbia University, New York, NY.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Peter Canoll
- Gabriele Bartoli Brain Tumor Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Irving Research Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Research Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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133
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Abstract
Mutations in the LGI1 gene predispose to autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy, a rare hereditary form with incomplete penetrance and associated with acoustic auras. LGI1 is not a structural component of an ion channel like most epilepsy-related genes, but is a secreted protein. Mutant null mice exhibit early-onset seizures, and electrophysiological analysis shows abnormal synaptic transmission. LGI1 binds to ADAM23 on the presynaptic membrane and ADAM22 on the postsynaptic membrane, further implicating it in regulating the strength of synaptic transmission. Patients with limbic encephalitis show autoantibodies against LGI1 and develop seizures, supporting a role for LGI1 in synapse transmission in the post developmental brain. LGI1, however, also seems to be involved in aspects of neurite development and dendritic pruning, suggesting an additional role in corticogenesis. LGI1 is also involved in cell movement and suppression of dendritic outgrowth in in vitro systems, possibly involving actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Expression patterns in embryonic development correspond to areas of neuronal migration. Loss of LGI1 expression also impacts on myelination of the central and peripheral nervous systems. In zebrafish embryos, knockdown of lgi1a leads to a seizure-like behavior and abnormal brain development, providing a system to study its role in early embryogenesis. Despite being implicated in a role in both synapse transmission and neuronal development, how LGI1 predisposes to epilepsy is still largely unknown. It appears, however, that LGI1 may function differently in a cell context-specific manner, implying a complex involvement in brain development and function that remains to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Cowell
- Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
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134
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Mammoto T, Jiang A, Jiang E, Panigrahy D, Kieran MW, Mammoto A. Role of collagen matrix in tumor angiogenesis and glioblastoma multiforme progression. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:1293-1305. [PMID: 23928381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly vascularized brain tumor, and antiangiogenic therapy improves its progression-free survival. However, current antiangiogenic therapy induces serious adverse effects including neuronal cytotoxicity and tumor invasiveness and resistance to therapy. Although it has been suggested that the physical microenvironment has a key role in tumor angiogenesis and progression, the mechanism by which physical properties of extracellular matrix control tumor angiogenesis and glioblastoma progression is not completely understood. Herein we show that physical compaction (the process in which cells gather and pack together and cause associated changes in cell shape and size) of human glioblastoma cell lines U87MG, U251, and LN229 induces expression of collagen types IV and VI and the collagen crosslinking enzyme lysyl oxidase and up-regulates in vitro expression of the angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor. The lysyl oxidase inhibitor β-aminopropionitrile disrupts collagen structure in the tumor and inhibits tumor angiogenesis and glioblastoma multiforme growth in a mouse orthotopic brain tumor model. Similarly, d-penicillamine, which inhibits lysyl oxidase enzymatic activity by depleting intracerebral copper, also exhibits antiangiogenic effects on brain tumor growth in mice. These findings suggest that tumor microenvironment controlled by collagen structure is important in tumor angiogenesis and brain tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanori Mammoto
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amanda Jiang
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elisabeth Jiang
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark W Kieran
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Akiko Mammoto
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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135
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Turner KL, Sontheimer H. KCa3.1 modulates neuroblast migration along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 24:2388-400. [PMID: 23585521 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
From the subventricular zone (SVZ), neuronal precursor cells (NPCs), called neuroblasts, migrate through the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to become interneurons in the olfactory bulb (OB). Ion channels regulate neuronal migration during development, yet their role in migration through the adult RMS is unknown. To address this question, we utilized Nestin-CreER(T2)/R26R-YFP mice to fluorescently label neuroblasts in the adult. Patch-clamp recordings from neuroblasts reveal K(+) currents that are sensitive to intracellular Ca(2+) levels and blocked by clotrimazole and TRAM-34, inhibitors of intermediate conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (KCa3.1) channels. Immunolabeling and electrophysiology show KCa3.1 expression restricted to neuroblasts in the SVZ and RMS, but absent in OB neurons. Time-lapse confocal microscopy in situ showed inhibiting KCa3.1 prolonged the stationary phase of neuroblasts' saltatory migration, reducing migration speed by over 50%. Both migration and KCa3.1 currents could also be inhibited by blocking Ca(2+) influx via transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which, together with positive immunostaining for transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1), suggest that TRP channels are an important Ca(2+) source modulating KCa3.1 activity. Finally, injecting TRAM-34 into Nestin-CreER(T2)/R26R-YFP mice significantly reduced the number of neuroblasts that reached the OB, suggesting an important role for KCa3.1 in vivo. These studies describe a previously unrecognized protein in migration of adult NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Turner
- Department of Neurobiology and Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Department of Neurobiology and Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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