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Serrano-Lopez J, Nattamai K, Pease NA, Shephard MS, Wellendorf AM, Sertorio M, Smith EA, Geiger H, Wells SI, Cancelas JA, Privette Vinnedge LM. Loss of DEK induces radioresistance of murine restricted hematopoietic progenitors. Exp Hematol 2017; 59:40-50.e3. [PMID: 29288703 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitor cells are responsible for maintaining hematopoiesis throughout an individual's lifetime. For overall health and survival, it is critical that the genome stability of these cells is maintained and that the cell population is not exhausted. Previous reports have indicated that the DEK protein, a chromatin structural protein that functions in numerous nuclear processes, is required for DNA damage repair in vitro and long-term engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells in vivo. Therefore, we investigated the role of DEK in normal hematopoiesis and response to DNA damaging agents in vivo. Here, we report that hematopoiesis is largely unperturbed in DEK knockout mice compared with wild-type (WT) controls. However, DEK knockout mice have fewer radioprotective units, but increased capacity to survive repeated sublethal doses of radiation exposure compared with WT mice. Furthermore, this increased survival correlated with a sustained quiescent state in which DEK knockout restricted hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC-1) were nearly three times more likely to be quiescent following irradiation compared with WT cells and were significantly more radioresistant during the early phases of myeloid reconstitution. Together, our studies indicate that DEK functions in the normal hematopoietic stress response to recurrent radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Serrano-Lopez
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kalpana Nattamai
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Nicholas A Pease
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Miranda S Shephard
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ashley M Wellendorf
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mathieu Sertorio
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Eric A Smith
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Susanne I Wells
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jose A Cancelas
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa M Privette Vinnedge
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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102
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Angelica sinensis Polysaccharides Ameliorate Stress-Induced Premature Senescence of Hematopoietic Cell via Protecting Bone Marrow Stromal Cells from Oxidative Injuries Caused by 5-Fluorouracil. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112265. [PMID: 29143796 PMCID: PMC5713235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelosuppression is the most common complication of chemotherapy. Decline of self-renewal capacity and stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) induced by chemotherapeutic agents may be the cause of long-term myelosuppression after chemotherapy. Whether the mechanism of SIPS of hematopoietic cells relates to chemotherapeutic injury occurred in hematopoietic microenvironment (HM) is still not well elucidated. This study explored the protective effect of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP), an acetone extract polysaccharide found as the major effective ingredients of a traditional Chinese medicinal herb named Chinese Angelica (Dong Quai), on oxidative damage of homo sapiens bone marrow/stroma cell line (HS-5) caused by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and the effect of ASP relieving oxidative stress in HM on SIPS of hematopoietic cells. Tumor-suppressive doses of 5-FU inhibited the growth of HS-5 in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. 5-FU induced HS-5 apoptosis and also accumulated cellular hallmarks of senescence including cell cycle arrest and typical senescence-associated β-galactosidase positive staining. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased in 5-FU treated HS-5 cells and coinstantaneous with attenuated antioxidant capacity marked by superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Oxidative stress initiated DNA damage indicated by increased γH2AX and 8-OHdG. Oxidative damage of HS-5 cells resulted in declined hematopoietic stimulating factors including stem cell factor (SCF), stromal cell-derived factor (SDF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), however, elevated inflammatory chemokines such as RANTES. In addition, gap junction channel protein expression and mediated intercellular communications were attenuated after 5-FU treatment. Significantly, co-culture on 5-FU treated HS-5 feeder layer resulted in less quantity of human umbilical cord blood-derived hematopoietic cells and CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), and SIPS of hematopoietic cells. However, it is noteworthy that ASP ameliorated SIPS of hematopoietic cells by the mechanism of protecting bone marrow stromal cells from chemotherapeutic injury via mitigating oxidative damage of stromal cells and improving their hematopoietic function. This study provides a new strategy to alleviate the complication of conventional cancer therapy using chemotherapeutic agents.
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103
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Mechanistic Model for Cancer Growth and Response to Chemotherapy. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3676295. [PMID: 28928794 PMCID: PMC5591976 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3676295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatment has developed over the years; however not all patients respond to this treatment, and therefore further research is needed. In this paper, we employ mathematical modeling to understand the behavior of cancer and its interaction with therapy. We study a drug delivery and drug-cell interaction model along with cell proliferation. Due to the fact that cancer cells grow when there are enough nutrients and oxygen, proliferation can be a barrier against a response to therapy. To understand the effect of this factor, we perform numerical simulations of the model for different values of the parameters with a continuous delivery of the drug. The numerical results showed that cancer dies after short apoptotic cycles if the cancer is highly vascularized or if the penetration of the drug is high. This suggests promoting angiogenesis or perfusion of the drug. This result is similar to the situation where proliferation is not considered since the constant release of drug overcomes the growth of the cells and thus the effect of proliferation can be neglected.
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104
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Klein C, Bacac M, Umana P, Fingerle-Rowson G. Combination therapy with the type II anti-CD20 antibody obinutuzumab. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:1145-1162. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1373087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Klein
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bacac
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Umana
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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105
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Oben KZ, Alhakeem SS, McKenna MK, Brandon JA, Mani R, Noothi SK, Jinpeng L, Akunuru S, Dhar SK, Singh IP, Liang Y, Wang C, Abdel-Latif A, Stills HF, St Clair DK, Geiger H, Muthusamy N, Tohyama K, Gupta RC, Bondada S. Oxidative stress-induced JNK/AP-1 signaling is a major pathway involved in selective apoptosis of myelodysplastic syndrome cells by Withaferin-A. Oncotarget 2017; 8:77436-77452. [PMID: 29100399 PMCID: PMC5652791 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a diverse group of malignant clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, dysplastic cell morphology in one or more hematopoietic lineages, and a risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Approximately 50% of MDS patients respond to current FDA-approved drug therapies but a majority of responders relapse within 2-3 years. There is therefore a compelling need to identify potential new therapies for MDS treatment. We utilized the MDS-L cell line to investigate the anticancer potential and mechanisms of action of a plant-derived compound, Withaferin A (WFA), in MDS. WFA was potently cytotoxic to MDS-L cells but had no significant effect on the viability of normal human primary bone marrow cells. WFA also significantly reduced engraftment of MDS-L cells in a xenotransplantation model. Through transcriptome analysis, we identified reactive oxygen species (ROS)-activated JNK/AP-1 signaling as a major pathway mediating apoptosis of MDS-L cells by WFA. We conclude that the molecular mechanism mediating selective cytotoxicity of WFA on MDS-L cells is strongly associated with induction of ROS. Therefore, pharmacologic manipulation of redox biology could be exploited as a selective therapeutic target in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Z Oben
- Markey Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sara S Alhakeem
- Markey Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Mary K McKenna
- Markey Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jason A Brandon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Rajeswaran Mani
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sunil K Noothi
- Markey Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Liu Jinpeng
- Biostatistics Core, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Shailaja Akunuru
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sanjit K Dhar
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Inder P Singh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Biostatistics Core, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Harold F Stills
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Daret K St Clair
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kaoru Tohyama
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Ramesh C Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Subbarao Bondada
- Markey Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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106
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Prognostic Role of Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio-based Markers During Pre- and Postadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma of Upper Urinary Tract. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2017; 15:e633-e643. [PMID: 28174011 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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107
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Hinrichs MJM, Ryan PM, Zheng B, Afif-Rider S, Yu XQ, Gunsior M, Zhong H, Harper J, Bezabeh B, Vashisht K, Rebelatto M, Reed M, Ryan PC, Breen S, Patel N, Chen C, Masterson L, Tiberghien A, Howard PW, Dimasi N, Dixit R. Fractionated Dosing Improves Preclinical Therapeutic Index of Pyrrolobenzodiazepine-Containing Antibody Drug Conjugates. Clin Cancer Res 2017. [PMID: 28630216 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To use preclinical models to identify a dosing schedule that improves tolerability of highly potent pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers (PBDs) antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) without compromising antitumor activity.Experimental Design: A series of dose-fractionation studies were conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetic drivers of safety and efficacy of PBD ADCs in animal models. The exposure-activity relationship was investigated in mouse xenograft models of human prostate cancer, breast cancer, and gastric cancer by comparing antitumor activity after single and fractionated dosing with tumor-targeting ADCs conjugated to SG3249, a potent PBD dimer. The exposure-tolerability relationship was similarly investigated in rat and monkey toxicology studies by comparing tolerability, as assessed by survival, body weight, and organ-specific toxicities, after single and fractionated dosing with ADCs conjugated to SG3249 (rats) or SG3400, a structurally related PBD (monkeys).Results: Observations of similar antitumor activity in mice treated with single or fractionated dosing suggests that antitumor activity of PBD ADCs is more closely related to total exposure (AUC) than peak drug concentrations (Cmax). In contrast, improved survival and reduced toxicity in rats and monkeys treated with a fractionated dosing schedule suggests that tolerability of PBD ADCs is more closely associated with Cmax than AUC.Conclusions: We provide the first evidence that fractionated dosing can improve preclinical tolerability of at least some PBD ADCs without compromising efficacy. These findings suggest that preclinical exploration of dosing schedule could be an important clinical strategy to improve the therapeutic window of highly potent ADCs and should be investigated further. Clin Cancer Res; 23(19); 5858-68. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pauline M Ryan
- Biologics Safety Assessment, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Bo Zheng
- Clinical Pharmacology and DMPK, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | - Xiang Qing Yu
- Clinical Pharmacology and DMPK, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Michele Gunsior
- Clinical Pharmacology and DMPK, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Haihong Zhong
- Oncology Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Jay Harper
- Oncology Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Binyam Bezabeh
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Kapil Vashisht
- Biologics Safety Assessment, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | - Molly Reed
- Biologics Safety Assessment, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Patricia C Ryan
- Biologics Safety Assessment, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Shannon Breen
- Oncology Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Neki Patel
- Spirogen Ltd., QMB Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cui Chen
- Oncology Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Luke Masterson
- Spirogen Ltd., QMB Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nazzareno Dimasi
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Rakesh Dixit
- Biologics Safety Assessment, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
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108
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Combination breast cancer chemotherapy with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide damages bone and bone marrow in a female rat model. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 165:41-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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109
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Chen X, Li B, Gao Y, Ji J, Wu Z, Chen S. Saponins from Sanguisorba officinalis Improve Hematopoiesis by Promoting Survival through FAK and Erk1/2 Activation and Modulating Cytokine Production in Bone Marrow. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:130. [PMID: 28360858 PMCID: PMC5353277 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix Sanguisorbae, the root of Sanguisorba officinalis L. is used as traditional Chinese medicine. In recent decades, it has been reported to be clinically effective against myelosuppression induced by chemotherapy and/ or radiotherapy. However, the underlining mechanism has not been well studied. In this work, we evaluated the hematopoietic effect of total saponins from S. officinalis L. on myelosuppressive mice induced by cyclophosphamide and by60Co-γ-irradiation and confirmed the therapeutic effect. Then, we found total saponins and their characteristic constituents Ziyuglycoside I and Ziyuglycoside II can inhibit apoptosis of TF-1 cells caused by cytokine deprivation, and promote survival of mouse bone marrow nuclear cells through focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) activation in vitro. In addition, they can down-regulate macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), platelet factor 4 (PF4) and P-selectin secretion, which are reported to be suppressive to hematopoiesis, both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that promotion of survival through FAK and Erk1/2 activation and inhibition of suppressive cytokines in the bone marrow is likely to be the pharmacological mechanism underlying the hematopoietic effect of saponins from S. officinalis L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Sichuan, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Beijing, China
| | - Bogang Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Sichuan, China; Di Ao Pharmaceutical GroupSichuan, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Ji
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongliu Wu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Sichuan, China
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110
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Song X, Xie Y, Kang R, Hou W, Sun X, Epperly MW, Greenberger JS, Tang D. FANCD2 protects against bone marrow injury from ferroptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:443-449. [PMID: 27773819 PMCID: PMC6591579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow injury remains a serious concern in traditional cancer treatment. Ferroptosis is an iron- and oxidative-dependent form of regulated cell death that has become part of an emerging strategy for chemotherapy. However, the key regulator of ferroptosis in bone marrow injury remains unknown. Here, we show that Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 (FANCD2), a nuclear protein involved in DNA damage repair, protects against ferroptosis-mediated injury in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). The classical ferroptosis inducer erastin remarkably increased the levels of monoubiquitinated FANCD2, which in turn limited DNA damage in BMSCs. FANCD2-deficient BMSCs were more sensitive to erastin-induced ferroptosis (but not autophagy) than FANCD2 wild-type cells. Knockout of FANCD2 increased ferroptosis-associated biochemical events (e.g., ferrous iron accumulation, glutathione depletion, and malondialdehyde production). Mechanically, FANCD2 regulated genes and/or expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism (e.g., FTH1, TF, TFRC, HAMP, HSPB1, SLC40A1, and STEAP3) and lipid peroxidation (e.g., GPX4). Collectively, these findings indicate that FANCD2 plays a novel role in the negative regulation of ferroptosis. FANCD2 could represent an amenable target for the development of novel anticancer therapies aiming to reduce the side effects of ferroptosis inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Song
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yangchun Xie
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China
| | - Michael W Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joel S Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China.
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111
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Venkateswaran K, Shrivastava A, Agrawala PK, Prasad A, Kalra N, Pandey PR, Manda K, Raj HG, Parmar VS, Dwarakanath BS. Mitigation of radiation-induced hematopoietic injury by the polyphenolic acetate 7, 8-diacetoxy-4-methylthiocoumarin in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37305. [PMID: 27849061 PMCID: PMC5110976 DOI: 10.1038/srep37305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protection of the hematopoietic system from radiation damage, and/or mitigation of hematopoietic injury are the two major strategies for developing medical countermeasure agents (MCM) to combat radiation-induced lethality. In the present study, we investigated the potential of 7, 8-diacetoxy-4-methylthiocoumarin (DAMTC) to ameliorate radiation-induced hematopoietic damage and the associated mortality following total body irradiation (TBI) in C57BL/6 mice. Administration of DAMTC 24 hours post TBI alleviated TBI-induced myelo-suppression and pancytopenia, by augmenting lymphocytes and WBCs in the peripheral blood of mice, while bone marrow (BM) cellularity was restored through enhanced proliferation of the stem cells. It stimulated multi-lineage expansion and differentiation of myeloid progenitors in the BM and induced proliferation of splenic progenitors thereby, facilitating hematopoietic re-population. DAMTC reduced the radiation-induced apoptotic and mitotic death in the hematopoietic compartment. Recruitment of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages in spleen contributed to the immune-protection linked to the mitigation of hematopoietic injury. Recovery of the hematopoietic compartment correlated well with mitigation of mortality at a lethal dose of 9 Gy, leading to 80% animal survival. Present study establishes the potential of DAMTC to mitigate radiation-induced injury to the hematopoietic system by stimulating the re-population of stem cells from multiple lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Venkateswaran
- Division of Metabolic Cell Signalling Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Lucknow Road, Delhi 110054, India.,Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | | | - Paban K Agrawala
- Division of Metabolic Cell Signalling Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Lucknow Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Ashok Prasad
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Namita Kalra
- Division of Metabolic Cell Signalling Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Lucknow Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Parvat R Pandey
- Division of Metabolic Cell Signalling Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Lucknow Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Kailash Manda
- Division of Metabolic Cell Signalling Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Lucknow Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Hanumantharao G Raj
- Department of Biochemistry, VP Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Virinder S Parmar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Bilikere S Dwarakanath
- Division of Metabolic Cell Signalling Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Lucknow Road, Delhi 110054, India.,Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai 600116, India
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112
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Activation of Nrf2-ARE signaling mitigates cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. Toxicol Lett 2016; 262:17-26. [PMID: 27633142 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Myelosuppression is the most common dose-limiting adverse effect of chemotherapies. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression in mice, and evaluated the potential of activating Nrf2 signaling as a preventive strategy. The whole blood from Nrf2-/- mice exhibited decreased antioxidant capacities, while the bone marrow cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and granulocytes from Nrf2-/- mice were more susceptible to acrolein-induced cytotoxicity than those from wild type mice. Single dosage of cyclophosphamide induced significantly severer acute myelosuppression in Nrf2-/- mice than in wild type mice. Furthermore, Nrf2-/- mice exhibited greater loss of peripheral blood nucleated cells and recovered slower from myelosuppression nadir upon multiple consecutive dosages of cyclophosphamide than wild type mice did. This was accompanied with decreased antioxidant and detoxifying gene expressions and impaired colony formation ability of Nrf2-/- bone marrow cells. More importantly, activation of Nrf2 signaling by CDDO-Me significantly alleviated cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression, while this alleviation was diminished in Nrf2-/- mice. In conclusion, the present study shows that Nrf2 plays a protective role in cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression and activation of Nrf2 is a promising strategy to prevent or treat chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression.
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113
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Moss LR, Mulik RS, Van Treuren T, Kim SY, Corbin IR. Investigation into the distinct subcellular effects of docosahexaenoic acid loaded low-density lipoprotein nanoparticles in normal and malignant murine liver cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2363-2376. [PMID: 27418237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that low density lipoproteins reconstituted with the natural omega 3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (LDL-DHA) is selectively cytotoxic to liver cancer cells over normal hepatocytes. To date, little is known about the subcellular events which transpire following LDL-DHA treatment. METHODS Herein, murine noncancer and cancer liver cells, TIB-73 and TIB-75 respectively, were investigated utilizing confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and viability assays to demonstrate differential actions of LDL-DHA nanoparticles in normal versus malignant cells. RESULTS Our studies first showed that basal levels of oxidative stress are significantly higher in the malignant TIB-75 cells compared to the normal TIB-73 cells. As such, upon entry of LDL-DHA into the malignant TIB-75 cells, DHA is rapidly oxidized precipitating global and lysosomal lipid peroxidation along with increased lysosomal permeability. This leakage of lysosomal contents and lipid peroxidation products trigger subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction and nuclear injury. The cascade of LDL-DHA mediated lipid peroxidation and organelle damage was partially reversed by the administration of the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, or the iron-chelator, deferoxamine. LDL-DHA treatment in the normal TIB-73 cells was well tolerated and did not elicit any cell or organelle injury. CONCLUSION These studies have shown that LDL-DHA is selectively cytotoxic to liver cancer cells and that increased levels of ROS and iron catalyzed reactions promote the peroxidation of DHA which lead to organelle dysfunction and ultimately the demise of the cancer cell. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE LDL-DHA selectively disrupts lysosomal, mitochondrial and nuclear function in cancer cells as a novel pathway for eliminating cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacy R Moss
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rohit S Mulik
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tim Van Treuren
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Cardiology Division of the Internal Medicine Department, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ian R Corbin
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Liver and Digestive Diseases Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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114
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Fahmy O, Khairul-Asri MG, Stenzl A, Gakis G. The current status of checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic bladder cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2016; 33:629-35. [PMID: 27380916 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-016-9807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For many decades, no significant improvements could be achieved to prolong the survival in metastatic bladder cancer. Recently, systemic immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-L1/anti-CTLA-4) has been introduced as a novel treatment modality for patients with metastatic bladder cancer. We conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA statement for data published on the clinical efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic bladder cancer. Clinical efficacy of anti PD-L1 therapy was investigated in prospective trials in a total of 155 patients. Patients with positive expression for PD-L1 tended towards better overall response rates (ORR) compared to those with negative expression (34/76 vs 10/73, 45 vs 14 %; p = 0.21). Among patients with PD-L1 positive tumors, those with non-visceral metastases exhibited significantly higher ORR compared to those with visceral metastases (82 vs 28 %; p = 0.001). For anti-CTLA4 therapy, there were no data retrievable on clinical efficacy. Although data on clinical efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic bladder cancer are currently limited, the efficacy of these drugs might depend mainly on the metastatic volume and immune system integrity. Patients with PD-L1 positive tumors and non-visceral metastases seem to derive the highest benefit from therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Fahmy
- Department of Urology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler Street 3, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler Street 3, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Georgios Gakis
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler Street 3, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
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115
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In Vivo Chemoprotective Activity of Bovine Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract in Mouse Bone Marrow Cells against Damage Induced by 5-Fluorouracil. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:6942321. [PMID: 27191003 PMCID: PMC4852122 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6942321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy treatments induce a number of side effects, such as leukopenia neutropenia, peripheral erythropenia, and thrombocytopenia, affecting the quality of life for cancer patients. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is wieldy used as myeloablative model in mice. The bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract (bDLE) or IMMUNEPOTENT CRP® (ICRP) is an immunomodulatory compound that has antioxidants and anti-inflammatory effects. In order to investigate the chemoprotection effect of ICRP on bone marrow cells in 5-FU treated mice, total bone marrow (BM) cell count, bone marrow colony forming units-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM), cell cycle, immunophenotypification, ROS/superoxide and Nrf2 by flow cytometry, and histological and hematological analyses were performed. Our results demonstrated that ICRP increased BM cell count and CFU-GM number, arrested BM cells in G0/G1 phase, increased the percentage of leukocyte, granulocytic, and erythroid populations, reduced ROS/superoxide formation and Nrf2 activation, and also improved hematological levels and weight gain in 5-FU treated mice. These results suggest that ICRP has a chemoprotective effect against 5-FU in BM cells that can be used in cancer patients.
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116
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Liu B, Ezeogu L, Zellmer L, Yu B, Xu N, Joshua Liao D. Protecting the normal in order to better kill the cancer. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1394-403. [PMID: 26177855 PMCID: PMC4567024 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the only option for oncologists when a cancer has widely spread to different body sites. However, almost all currently available chemotherapeutic drugs will eventually encounter resistance after their initial positive effect, mainly because cancer cells develop genetic alterations, collectively coined herein as mutations, to adapt to the therapy. Some patients may still respond to a second chemo drug, but few cases respond to a third one. Since it takes time for cancer cells to develop new mutations and then select those life-sustaining ones via clonal expansion, "run against time for mutations to emerge" should be a crucial principle for treatment of those currently incurable cancers. Since cancer cells constantly change to adapt to the therapy whereas normal cells are stable, it may be a better strategy to shift our focus from killing cancer cells per se to protecting normal cells from chemotherapeutic toxicity. This new strategy requires the development of new drugs that are nongenotoxic and can quickly, in just hours or days, kill cancer cells without leaving the still-alive cells with time to develop mutations, and that should have their toxicities confined to only one or few organs, so that specific protections can be developed and applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingya Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lewis Ezeogu
- Hormel Institute, University of MinnesotaAustin, Minnesota, 55912
| | - Lucas Zellmer
- Hormel Institute, University of MinnesotaAustin, Minnesota, 55912
| | - Baofa Yu
- Beijing Baofa Cancer Hospital, Shahe Wangzhuang Gong Ye YuanChang Pin Qu, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceBeijing, 100021, China
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Hayat F, Park SH, Choi NS, Lee J, Park SJ, Shin D. Synthesis and anticancer activity of 4-aza-daurinol derivatives. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:1975-82. [PMID: 26048036 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0619-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Daurinol, a natural aryl naphthalene lactone, has been reported to have antiproliferative activity against various cell lines, and has also been shown to be efficacious in an in vivo xenograft mouse model. In this study, we tried to discover a new scaffold that enables both rapid structure-activity relationship study of daurinol and scalable synthesis of active compounds. 4-Aza-daurinol, a bioisosterism-based scaffold of daurinol, was designed and 17 analogues were synthesized and evaluated against five representative cancer cell lines. Among them, the 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxinyl derivative was found to be the most potent and showed similar activity and tendency as daurinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Hayat
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 406-799, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyuk Park
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 406-799, South Korea
| | - Nam-Song Choi
- College of Interdisciplinary & Creative Studies, Konyang University, 121 Daehak-ro, Nonsan-si, Chungchungnam-do, 320-711, South Korea
| | - Juyeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Geonggi-do, 426-791, South Korea
| | - Sung Jean Park
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 406-799, South Korea.
| | - Dongyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 406-799, South Korea.
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118
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia (t-MDS/AML) is a feared long-term complication of pediatric cancer. Few osteosarcoma patients develop t-MDS/AML, but the frequency of hematological abnormalities after therapy is unknown. We reviewed biochemistry from osteosarcoma patients up to 3 years posttreatment. PROCEDURE All children diagnosed with osteosarcoma at our department from 2006 to 2012 without relapse 1 month posttherapy were included (n=14). Serial blood counts posttherapy were analyzed. RESULTS The median increase of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) from baseline was 8 fL 6 months posttherapy and remained >5 throughout follow-up. All posttreatment levels of MCV were above 90 fL in 5 patients. Six months posttherapy, the median difference for platelets, white blood count, and absolute neutrophil count had decreased from baseline. They remained under baseline throughout follow-up. Hemoglobin remained stable. Ferritin level was associated with increased MCV. MDS with monosomy 7 was diagnosed in 1 patient. Hypoplastic refractory cytopenia was found in another patient showing spontaneous normalization of hematologic values. CONCLUSIONS More than a third of patients treated for osteosarcoma developed hematological abnormalities mimicking early MDS, but only 1 developed t-MDS/AML. Close hematological monitoring of patients recovering from osteosarcoma is essential and it is worth noting that hematological abnormalities are frequent and may be transitory.
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119
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Fu H, Chen B, Hong S, Guo Y. Acupuncture Therapy for the Treatment of Myelosuppression after Chemotherapy: A Literature Review over the Past 10 Years. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2014; 8:122-6. [PMID: 26100065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to review current studies on the effect of acupuncture therapy on bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy. The authors of the present paper have searched related literature over the past 10 years at home and abroad, analyzing the features and the effects of acupuncture therapy (including acupuncture, moxibustion, point injection, point application, etc.) for treating myelosuppression after tumor chemotherapy. We also discuss the year of publication, document type, acupuncture therapy, acupoint selection, and adverse effects with figures. We analyzed 159 articles related to acupuncture therapy from 2004 to 2013, and the analysis revealed that point injection was the most frequently used therapy for clinical applications, and that Zusanli (ST36) was the most frequently used acupoint. The results showed that some problems regarding the design method, acupoint selection, and acupuncture intervention measure existed in those research studies. We hope to provide readers with an overall and objective understanding of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy for treating myelosuppression after tumor chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Fu
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Institute of Acupuncture and Massage, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Institute of Acupuncture and Massage, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shouhai Hong
- Institute of Acupuncture and Massage, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Institute of Acupuncture and Massage, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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120
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Heylman C, Sobrino A, Shirure VS, Hughes CC, George SC. A strategy for integrating essential three-dimensional microphysiological systems of human organs for realistic anticancer drug screening. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1240-54. [PMID: 24740872 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214525295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. Despite some success, traditional anticancer drugs developed to reduce tumor growth face important limitations primarily due to undesirable bone marrow and cardiovascular toxicity. Many drugs fail in clinical development after showing promise in preclinical trials, suggesting that the available in vitro and animal models are poor predictors of drug efficacy and toxicity in humans. Thus, novel models that more accurately mimic the biology of human organs are necessary for high-throughput drug screening. Three-dimensional (3D) microphysiological systems can utilize induced pluripotent stem cell technology, tissue engineering, and microfabrication techniques to develop tissue models of human tumors, cardiac muscle, and bone marrow on the order of 1 mm(3) in size. A functional network of human capillaries and microvessels to overcome diffusion limitations in nutrient delivery and waste removal can also nourish the 3D microphysiological tissues. Importantly, the 3D microphysiological tissues are grown on optically clear platforms that offer non-invasive and non-destructive image acquisition with subcellular resolution in real time. Such systems offer a new paradigm for high-throughput drug screening and will significantly improve the efficiency of identifying new drugs for cancer treatment that minimize cardiac and bone marrow toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Heylman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Agua Sobrino
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Venktesh S Shirure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Christopher Cw Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Steven C George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) as the result of nuclear accidents or terrorist attacks is a significant threat and a major medical concern. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) injury is the primary cause of death after accidental or intentional exposure to a moderate or high dose of IR. Protecting HSCs from IR should be a primary goal in the development of novel medical countermeasures against radiation. RECENT ADVANCES Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the mechanisms by which IR causes HSC damage. The mechanisms include (i) induction of HSC apoptosis via the p53-Puma pathway; (ii) promotion of HSC differentiation via the activation of the G-CSF/Stat3/BATF-dependent differentiation checkpoint; (iii) induction of HSC senescence via the ROS-p38 pathway; and (iv) damage to the HSC niche. CRITICAL ISSUES Induction of apoptosis in HSCs and hematopoietic progenitor cells is primarily responsible for IR-induced acute bone marrow (BM) injury. Long-term BM suppression caused by IR is mainly attributable to the induction of HSC senescence. However, the promotion of HSC differentiation and damage to the HSC niche can contribute to both the acute and long-term effects of IR on the hematopoietic system. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In this review, we have summarized a number of recent findings that provide new insights into the mechanisms whereby IR damages HSCs. These findings will provide new opportunities for developing a mechanism-based strategy to prevent and/or mitigate IR-induced BM suppression. Antioxid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Shao
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
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122
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Hosseinimehr SJ. Beneficial effects of natural products on cells during ionizing radiation. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2014; 29:341-353. [PMID: 24695025 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2014-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural products like vegetables, fruits, and herbs are widely consumed by humans on a daily basis. These natural products have many biologic and pharmacologic properties. Ionizing radiation (IR) can interact with macromolecules like DNA, which induces serious side effects on cells and tissues. Natural products can directly scavenge free radicals produced by IR, and they can also activate or inhibit enzymes or proteins involved in the oxidative stress. Several natural products have dual biologic effects on normal and cancer cells during radiation and might be of interest for use in patients during radiotherapy. In this review, the effects of natural products on genotoxicity and cell death induced by IR were reviewed and some potentiated compounds were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48175-861, Iran.
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123
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The role of miR-150 in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Oncogene 2013; 33:3887-93. [PMID: 23955084 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that have been implicated to mediate gene regulation in virtually all important biological processes. Recently there is accumulating evidence showing that miR-150 has essential regulatory roles in both normal and malignant hematopoiesis and holds great potential as a therapeutic target in treating various types of hematopoietic malignancies. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current knowledge about the expression patterns, biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of miR-150 in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, and to highlight the important questions to be answered in this burgeoning field.
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124
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Tian WD, Ma YQ. Theoretical and computational studies of dendrimers as delivery vectors. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:705-27. [PMID: 23114420 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35306g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is a great challenge for nanomedicine to develop novel dendrimers with maximum therapeutic potential and minimum side-effects for drug and gene delivery. As delivery vectors, dendrimers must overcome lots of barriers before delivering the bio-agents to the target in the cell. Extensive experimental investigations have been carried out to elucidate the physical and chemical properties of dendrimers and explore their behaviors when interacting with biomolecules, such as gene materials, proteins, and lipid membranes. As a supplement of the experimental techniques, it has been proved that computer simulations could facilitate the progress in understanding the delivery process of bioactive molecules. The structures of dendrimers in dilute solutions have been intensively investigated by monomer-resolved simulations, coarse-grained simulations, and atom-resolved simulations. Atomistic simulations have manifested that the hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen-bond interactions, and electrostatic attraction play critical roles in the formation of dendrimer-drug complexes. Multiscale simulations and statistical field theories have uncovered some physical mechanisms involved in the dendrimer-based gene delivery systems. This review will focus on the current status and perspective of theoretical and computational contributions in this field in recent years. (275 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-de Tian
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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125
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Mendanha da Cunha CR, Mendanha Neto SA, Carlos da Silva C, Cortez AP, Gomes MDN, Martins FI, Alonso A, Rezende KR, Menegatti R, de Magalhães MTQ, Valadares MC. 4-Nerolidylcatechol and its synthetic analogues: Antioxidant activity and toxicity evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 62:371-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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126
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Wigmore P. The effect of systemic chemotherapy on neurogenesis, plasticity and memory. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2013; 15:211-240. [PMID: 23239468 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2012_235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy has been enormously successful in treating many forms of cancer and improving patient survival rates. With the increasing numbers of survivors, a number of cognitive side effects have become apparent. These have been called "chemobrain" or "chemofog" among patient groups, who describe the symptoms as a decline in memory, concentration and executive functions. Changes which, although subtle, can cause significant distress among patients and prevent a return to the quality of life experienced before treatment. This cognitive side effect of chemotherapy was not anticipated as it had been assumed that chemotherapy agents, administered systematically, could not cross the blood-brain barrier and that the brain was therefore protected from their action. It is now realised that low concentrations of many chemotherapy agents cross the blood-brain barrier and even those that are completely prevented from doing so, can induce the production of inflammatory cytokines in peripheral tissues which in turn can cross the blood-brain barrier and impact on the brain. A large number of patient studies have shown that cognitive decline is found in a proportion of patients treated with a variety of chemotherapy agents for different types of cancer. The deficits experienced by these patients can last for up to several years and have a deleterious effect on educational attainment and ability to return to work. Imaging studies of patients after systemic chemotherapy show that this treatment produces structural and functional changes in the brain some of which seem to persist even when the cognitive deficits have ceased. This suggests that, with time, brain plasticity may be able to compensate for the deleterious effects of chemotherapy treatment. A number of mechanisms have been suggested for the changes in brain structure and function found after chemotherapy. These include both central and peripheral inflammatory changes, demyelination of white matter tracts, a reduction in stem cell proliferation in both the hippocampal neurogenic region and by oligodendrocyte precursors as well as changes in hormonal or growth factor levels. A number of possible treatments have been suggested which range from pharmacological interventions to cognitive behavioural therapies. Some of these have only been tested in animal models while others have produced varying degrees of improvement in patient populations. Currently, there is no recognised treatment and a greater understanding of the causes of the cognitive decline experienced after chemotherapy will be key to finding ways of preventing or treating the effects of chemobrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wigmore
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK,
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127
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Adams BD, Guo S, Bai H, Guo Y, Megyola CM, Cheng J, Heydari K, Xiao C, Reddy EP, Lu J. An in vivo functional screen uncovers miR-150-mediated regulation of hematopoietic injury response. Cell Rep 2012; 2:1048-60. [PMID: 23084747 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are often undesired targets of chemotherapies, leading to hematopoietic suppression requiring careful clinical management. Whether microRNAs control hematopoietic injury response is largely unknown. We report an in vivo gain-of-function screen and the identification of miR-150 as an inhibitor of hematopoietic recovery upon 5-fluorouracil-induced injury. Utilizing a bone marrow transplant model with a barcoded microRNA library, we screened for barcode abundance in peripheral blood of recipient mice before and after 5-fluorouracil treatment. Overexpression of screen-candidate miR-150 resulted in significantly slowed recovery rates across major blood lineages, with associated impairment of bone marrow clonogenic potential. Conversely, platelets and myeloid cells from miR-150 null marrow recovered faster after 5-fluorouracil treatment. Heterozygous knockout of c-myb, a conserved target of miR-150, partially phenocopied miR-150-forced expression. Our data highlight the role of microRNAs in controlling hematopoietic injury response and demonstrate the power of in vivo functional screens for studying microRNAs in normal tissue physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Adams
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Cancer Center and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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128
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The effect of 5-fluorouracil on the long term survival and proliferation of cells in the rat hippocampus. Brain Res Bull 2012; 88:514-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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129
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Bhinge KN, Gupta V, Hosain SB, Satyanarayanajois SD, Meyer SA, Blaylock B, Zhang QJ, Liu YY. The opposite effects of doxorubicin on bone marrow stem cells versus breast cancer stem cells depend on glucosylceramide synthase. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:1770-8. [PMID: 22728310 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Myelosuppression and drug resistance are common adverse effects in cancer patients with chemotherapy, and those severely limit the therapeutic efficacy and lead treatment failure. It is unclear by which cellular mechanism anticancer drugs suppress bone marrow, while drug-resistant tumors survive. We report that due to the difference of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), catalyzing ceramide glycosylation, doxorubicin (Dox) eliminates bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and expands breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). It was found that Dox decreased the numbers of BMSCs (ABCG2(+)) and the sphere formation in a dose-dependent fashion in isolated bone marrow cells. In tumor-bearing mice, Dox treatments (5mg/kg, 6 days) decreased the numbers of BMSCs and white blood cells; conversely, those treatments increased the numbers of BCSCs (CD24(-)/CD44(+)/ESA(+)) more than threefold in the same mice. Furthermore, therapeutic-dose of Dox (1mg/kg/week, 42 days) decreased the numbers of BMSCs while it increased BCSCs in vivo. Breast cancer cells, rather than bone marrow cells, highly expressed GCS, which was induced by Dox and correlated with BCSC pluripotency. These results indicate that Dox may have opposite effects, suppressing BMSCs versus expanding BCSCs, and GCS is one determinant of the differentiated responsiveness of bone marrow and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh N Bhinge
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
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130
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A novel topoisomerase inhibitor, daurinol, suppresses growth of HCT116 cells with low hematological toxicity compared to etoposide. Neoplasia 2012; 13:1043-57. [PMID: 22131880 DOI: 10.1593/neo.11972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2001] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report that daurinol, a novel arylnaphthalene lignan, is a promising potential anticancer agent with adverse effects that are less severe than those of etoposide, a clinical anticancer agent. Despite its potent antitumor activity, clinical use of etoposide is limited because of its adverse effects, including myelosuppression and the development of secondary leukemia. Here, we comprehensively compared the mechanistic differences between daurinol and etoposide because they have similar chemical structures. Etoposide, a topoisomerase II poison, is known to attenuate cancer cell proliferation through the inhibition of DNA synthesis. Etoposide treatment induces G(2)/M arrest, severe DNA damage, and the formation of giant nuclei in HCT116 cells. We hypothesized that the induction of DNA damage and nuclear enlargement due to abnormal chromosomal conditions could give rise to genomic instability in both tumor cells and in actively dividing normal cells, resulting in the toxic adverse effects of etoposide. We found that daurinol is a catalytic inhibitor of human topoisomerase IIa, and it induces S-phase arrest through the enhanced expression of cyclins E and A and by activation of the ATM/Chk/Cdc25A pathway in HCT116 cells. However, daurinol treatment did not cause DNA damage or nuclear enlargement in vitro. Finally, we confirmed the in vivo antitumor effects and adverse effects of daurinol and etoposide in nude mice xenograft models. Daurinol displayed potent antitumor effects without any significant loss of body weight or changes in hematological parameters, whereas etoposide treatment led to decreased body weight and white blood cell, red blood cell, and hemoglobin concentration.
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131
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Clermont T, Leblanc AK, Adams WH, Leblanc CJ, Bartges JW. Radiotherapy-induced myelosuppression in dogs: 103 cases (2002-2006). Vet Comp Oncol 2011; 10:24-32. [PMID: 22236056 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00271.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Definitive radiotherapy refers to delivery of large doses, typically 48-62 Gray, of ionizing radiation over several weeks using a daily or alternate-day fractionation schedule. The impact of definitive radiotherapy alone on haematopoiesis in tumour-bearing dogs is unknown. Medical records from 103 dogs receiving definitive (60) Cobalt teletherapy for cancer over a 5-year period were reviewed for signalment, tumour type and location, total radiotherapy dose and fractionation scheme. Complete blood count data were collected before, halfway through, and at the end of radiation treatment, and analysed for changes associated with patient variables. The results demonstrate significant reductions in haematocrit, total white blood cell count, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes and platelets occurred during definitive radiotherapy but remained within laboratory reference intervals. These data are important for anticipation of toxicity associated with combinations of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in dogs but do not support the routine monitoring of haematology parameters during definitive radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Clermont
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN37996, USA
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132
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Uehara T, Kondo C, Yamate J, Torii M, Maruyama T. A toxicogenomic approach for identifying biomarkers for myelosuppressive anemia in rats. Toxicology 2011; 282:139-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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133
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Li D, Wang Y, Wu H, Lu L, Zhang H, Chang J, Zhai Z, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhou D, Meng A. Mitigation of ionizing radiation-induced bone marrow suppression by p38 inhibition and G-CSF administration. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2011; 52:712-6. [PMID: 21971035 PMCID: PMC3390190 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.11007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38) has been shown to be activated in hematopoietic stem and progenitors cells after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) and its activation has been implicated in bone marrow (BM) suppression under various pathological conditions. Therefore, in the present study we investigated whether inhibition of p38 activity alone with SB203580 (SB, a specific p38 inhibitor) or in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can mitigate total body irradiation (TBI)-induced BM damage and lethality. Our results showed that p38 inhibition with SB had no significant effect on the 30-day survival rates of the mice exposed to 7.2 Gy TBI when it was used alone but increased the survival of the mice when it was combined with G-CSF. This combined effect may be attributable to a better preservation or stimulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, because BM cells from SB and G-CSF-treated mice produced more colony forming units-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) and 4-week cobblestone area forming cells (CAFCs) than the cells from either SB or G-CSF-treated mice after TBI in a colony forming cell assay and a CAFC assay, respectively. These findings suggest that the combined therapy with SB and G-GSF is more effective in mitigating TBI-induced acute BM injury than either agent alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguan Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical Collage, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yueying Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical Collage, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongying Wu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical Collage, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical Collage, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical Collage, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianhui Chang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical Collage, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhibin Zhai
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical Collage, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical Collage, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Aimin Meng
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical Collage, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Corresponding author: Phone: + 86-022-85682353, Fax: + 86-022-85683033,
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134
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Nurgalieva Z, Liu CC, Du XL. Chemotherapy use and risk of bone marrow suppression in a large population-based cohort of older women with breast and ovarian cancer. Med Oncol 2010; 28:716-25. [PMID: 20361359 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied 65,521 women with breast cancer and 7,420 women with ovarian cancer aged ≥ 65 identified from the 16 areas of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program linked with Medicare data during 1991-2002. Bone marrow toxicity associated with chemotherapy was defined using diagnosis codes from Medicare inpatient, outpatient and physician claims. The time to event Cox regression was utilized to estimate the risk of bone marrow toxicity. Use of anthracyclines, taxanes or platinums was associated with increased risks of short- (≤3 months) and long-term (>3 months) anemia and neutropenia in patients with breast cancer. Alkylating agents or antimetabolites were additional significant predictors of anemia in women with ovarian cancer. Patients who received chemotherapy (irrespective of regimens) were twice (breast cancer) or three times (ovarian cancer) as likely to develop thrombocytopenia compared to those not receiving chemotherapy. Among women with breast cancer, patients receiving cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil regimens (hazard ratio=19.0, 95% CI=11.2-32.5), platinum/taxane therapy (21.9, 11.9-40.4) or the cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and fluorouracil regimen (32.5, 19.6-53.9) were strongly associated with risk of aplastic anemia. There was a dose-response relationship between the use of taxane or platinum and the risk of bone marrow suppression, whereas the increased risk of bone marrow toxicity was consistently higher in those with use of alkylating agents or anthracycline-based regimens irrespective of the increasing number of cycles received. In conclusion, there was an association between chemotherapy use and clinical manifestations of bone marrow toxicities in a population-based setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhannat Nurgalieva
- Division of Epidemiology and Disease Control, University of Texas School of Public Health, 1200 Herman Pressler Drive, RAS-E631, Houston, TX, USA
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