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Dosimetry of 177Lu-PSMA-617 after Mannitol Infusion and Glutamate Tablet Administration: Preliminary Results of EUDRACT/RSO 2016-002732-32 IRST Protocol. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030621. [PMID: 30754620 PMCID: PMC6385027 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radio-ligand therapy (RLT) with177Lu-PSMA-617 is a promising option for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate-cancer (mCRPC). A prospective phase-II study (EUDRACT/RSO,2016-002732-32) on mCRPC is ongoing at IRST (Meldola, Italy). A total of 9 patients (median age: 68 y, range: 53⁻85) were enrolled for dosimetry evaluation of parotid glands (PGs), kidneys, red marrow (RM) and whole body (WB). Folic polyglutamate tablets were orally administered as PGs protectors and 500 mL of a 10% mannitol solution was intravenously infused to reduce kidney uptake. The whole body planar image (WBI) and blood samples were acquired at different times post infusion (1 h, 16⁻24 h, 36⁻48 h and 120 h). Dose calculation was performed with MIRD formalism (OLINDA/EXM software). The median effective half-life was 33.0 h (range: 25.6⁻60.7) for PGs, 31.4 h (12.2⁻80.6) for kidneys, 8.2 h (2.5⁻14.7) for RM and 40.1 h (31.6⁻79.7) for WB. The median doses were 0.48 mGy/MBq (range: 0.33⁻2.63) for PGs, 0.70 mGy/MBq (0.26⁻1.07) for kidneys, 0.044 mGy/MBq (0.023⁻0.067) for RM and 0.04 mGy/MBq (0.02⁻0.11) for WB. A comparison with previously published dosimetric data was performed and a significant difference was found for PGs while no significant difference was observed for the kidneys. For PGs, the possibility of reducing uptake by administering glutamate tablets during RLT seems feasible while further research is warranted for a more focused evaluation of the reduction in kidney uptake.
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102
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Cholecystokinin-2 Receptor Targeting with Novel C-terminally Stabilized HYNIC-Minigastrin Analogs Radiolabeled with Technetium-99m. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12010013. [PMID: 30650563 PMCID: PMC6469167 DOI: 10.3390/ph12010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The high overexpression of cholecystokinin-2 receptors (CCK2R) in tumors, such as medullary thyroid carcinoma, allows for highly specific diagnostic and therapeutic targeting with radiolabeled peptide probes derived from natural ligands for the receptor. Based on the ideal imaging characteristics, high availability and low cost of technetium-99m (99mTc)-labeled radiopharmaceuticals we have developed two hydrazinonicotinic acid (HYNIC) conjugated minigastrin analogs allowing labeling at high specific activity. The CCK2R targeting peptide conjugates show specific amino acid substitutions in the C-terminal receptor-specific sequence with the aim to increase stability and tumor targeting. The CCK2R affinity and the cell uptake of the new radioligands were analyzed using A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells stably transfected with human CCK2R and mock transfected cells. Metabolic studies in BALB/c mice revealed a high resistance against enzymatic degradation for both radioligands. Biodistribution studies in tumor-xenografted athymic BALB/c nude mice at 1 h and 4 h p.i. showed that the two 99mTc-labeled compounds showed varying uptake in receptor expressing organs, stomach and pancreas (1.3–10.4% IA/g), as well as kidneys, the main route of excretion (7.8–19.9% IA/g). The tumor uptake in A431-CCK2R xenografts was 24.75 ± 4.38% IA/g for [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-MGS5 and 42.48 ± 6.99% IA/g for [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-MGS11 at 4 h p.i., whereas the tumor-to-kidney ratio was comparable (2.6–3.3). On demand availability and potential application for radioguided surgery of a 99mTc-labeled minigastrin analog support the further evaluation of these highly promising new compounds.
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103
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Khalid U, Vi C, Henri J, Macdonald J, Eu P, Mandarano G, Shigdar S. Radiolabelled Aptamers for Theranostic Treatment of Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 12:ph12010002. [PMID: 30586898 PMCID: PMC6469178 DOI: 10.3390/ph12010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has a high incidence and mortality rate worldwide, which continues to grow as millions of people are diagnosed annually. Metastatic disease caused by cancer is largely responsible for the mortality rates, thus early detection of metastatic tumours can improve prognosis. However, a large number of patients will also present with micrometastasis tumours which are often missed, as conventional medical imaging modalities are unable to detect micrometastases due to the lack of specificity and sensitivity. Recent advances in radiochemistry and the development of nucleic acid based targeting molecules, have led to the development of novel agents for use in cancer diagnostics. Monoclonal antibodies may also be used, however, they have inherent issues, such as toxicity, cost, unspecified binding and their clinical use can be controversial. Aptamers are a class of single-stranded RNA or DNA ligands with high specificity, binding affinity and selectivity for a target, which makes them promising for molecular biomarker imaging. Aptamers are presented as being a superior choice over antibodies because of high binding affinity and pH stability, amongst other factors. A number of aptamers directed to cancer cell markers (breast, lung, colon, glioblastoma, melanoma) have been radiolabelled and characterised to date. Further work is ongoing to develop these for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Khalid
- School of Medicine Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3128, Australia.
| | - Chris Vi
- School of Medicine Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3128, Australia.
| | - Justin Henri
- School of Medicine Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3128, Australia.
| | - Joanna Macdonald
- School of Medicine Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3128, Australia.
| | - Peter Eu
- School of Medicine Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3128, Australia.
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Giovanni Mandarano
- School of Medicine Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3128, Australia.
| | - Sarah Shigdar
- School of Medicine Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3128, Australia.
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3128, Australia.
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104
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Shirjang S, Alizadeh N, Mansoori B, Mahmoodpoor A, Kafil HS, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Yousefi M. Promising immunotherapy: Highlighting cytokine-induced killer cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:8863-8883. [PMID: 30556298 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
For many years, cancer therapy has appeared to be a challenging issue for researchers and physicians. By the introduction of novel methods in immunotherapy, the prospect of cancer therapy even more explained than before. Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell-based immunotherapy demonstrated to have potentiality in improving clinical outcomes and relieving major side effects of standard treatment options. In addition, given the distinctive features such as high safety, low toxicity effects on healthy cells, numerous clinical trials conducted on CIK cells. Due to the shortcomings that observed in CIK cell immunotherapy alone, arising a tendency to make modifications (combined modality therapy or combination therapy) including the addition of various types of cytokines, genetic engineering, combination with immune checkpoints, and so on. In this review, we have tried to bring forth the latest immunotherapy methods and their overview. We have discussed the combination therapies with CIK cells and the conducted clinical trials. This helps the future studies to use integrated therapies with CIK cells as a promising treatment of many types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Shirjang
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazila Alizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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105
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Di Mauro PP, Cascante A, Brugada Vilà P, Gómez-Vallejo V, Llop J, Borrós S. Peptide-functionalized and high drug loaded novel nanoparticles as dual-targeting drug delivery system for modulated and controlled release of paclitaxel to brain glioma. Int J Pharm 2018; 553:169-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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106
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Zhou Z, Devoogdt N, Zalutsky MR, Vaidyanathan G. An Efficient Method for Labeling Single Domain Antibody Fragments with 18F Using Tetrazine- Trans-Cyclooctene Ligation and a Renal Brush Border Enzyme-Cleavable Linker. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:4090-4103. [PMID: 30384599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Single domain antibody fragments (sdAbs) labeled with 18F have shown promise for assessing the status of oncological targets such as the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) by positron emission tomography (PET). Earlier, we evaluated two residualizing prosthetic agents for 18F-labeling of anti-HER2 sdAbs; however, these methods resulted in poor labeling yields and high uptake of 18F activity in the kidneys. To potentially mitigate these limitations, we have now developed an 18F labeling method that utilizes the trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-tetrazine (Tz)-based inverse-electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (IEDDAR) in tandem with a renal brush border enzyme-cleavable glycine-lysine (GK) linker in the prosthetic moiety. The HER2-targeted sdAb 2Rs15d was derivatized with TCO-GK-PEG4-NHS or TCO-PEG4-NHS, which lacks the cleavable linker. As an additional control, the non HER2-specific sdAb R3B23 was derivatized with TCO-GK-PEG4-NHS. The resultant sdAb conjugates were labeled with 18F by IEDDAR using [18F]AlF-NOTA-PEG4-methyltetrazine. As a positive control, the 2Rs15d sdAb was radioiodinated using the well-characterized residualizing prosthetic agent, N-succinimidyl 4-guanidinomethyl-3-[125I]iodobenzoate ([125I]SGMIB). Synthesis of [18F]AlF-NOTA-Tz-TCO-GK-2Rs15d was achieved with an overall radiochemical yield (RCY) of 17.8 ± 1.5% ( n = 5) in 90 min, a significant improvement over prior methods (3-4% in 2-3 h). In vitro assays indicated that [18F]AlF-NOTA-Tz-TCO-GK-2Rs15d bound with high affinity and immunoreactivity to HER2. In normal mice, when normalized to coinjected [125I]SGMIB-2Rs15d, the kidney uptake of [18F]AlF-NOTA-Tz-TCO-GK-2Rs15d was 15- and 28-fold lower ( P < 0.001) than that seen for the noncleavable control ([18F]AlF-NOTA-Tz-TCO-2Rs15d) at 1 and 3 h, respectively. Uptake of [18F]AlF-NOTA-Tz-TCO-GK-2Rs15d in HER2-expressing SKOV-3 ovarian carcinoma xenografts implanted in athymic mice was about 80% of that seen for coinjected [125I]SGMIB-2Rs15d. On the other hand, kidney uptake was 5-6-fold lower, and as a result, tumor-to-kidney ratios were 4-fold higher for [18F]AlF-NOTA-Tz-TCO-GK-2Rs15d than those for [125I]SGMIB-2Rs15d. SKOV-3 xenografts were clearly delineated even at 1 h after administration of [18F]AlF-NOTA-Tz-TCO-GK-2Rs15d by Micro-PET/CT imaging with even higher contrast observed thereafter. In conclusion, this strategy warrants further evaluation for labeling small proteins such as sdAbs because it offers the benefits of good radiochemical yields and enhanced tumor-to-normal tissue ratios, particularly in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Zhou
- Department of Radiology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina 27710 , United States
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging laboratory , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , 1090 , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina 27710 , United States
| | - Ganesan Vaidyanathan
- Department of Radiology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina 27710 , United States
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107
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177Lu-DOTA-coupled minigastrin peptides: promising theranostic agents in neuroendocrine cancers. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1759-1767. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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108
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Lindbo S, Garousi J, Mitran B, Vorobyeva A, Oroujeni M, Orlova A, Hober S, Tolmachev V. Optimized Molecular Design of ADAPT-Based HER2-Imaging Probes Labeled with 111In and 68Ga. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2674-2683. [PMID: 29865791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Radionuclide molecular imaging is a promising tool for visualization of cancer associated molecular abnormalities in vivo and stratification of patients for specific therapies. ADAPT is a new type of small engineered proteins based on the scaffold of an albumin binding domain of protein G. ADAPTs have been utilized to select and develop high affinity binders to different proteinaceous targets. ADAPT6 binds to human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) with low nanomolar affinity and can be used for its in vivo visualization. Molecular design of 111In-labeled anti-HER2 ADAPT has been optimized in several earlier studies. In this study, we made a direct comparison of two of the most promising variants, having either a DEAVDANS or a (HE)3DANS sequence at the N-terminus, conjugated with a maleimido derivative of DOTA to a GSSC amino acids sequence at the C-terminus. The variants (designated DOTA-C59-DEAVDANS-ADAPT6-GSSC and DOTA-C61-(HE)3DANS-ADAPT6-GSSC) were stably labeled with 111In for SPECT and 68Ga for PET. Biodistribution of labeled ADAPT variants was evaluated in nude mice bearing human tumor xenografts with different levels of HER2 expression. Both variants enabled clear discrimination between tumors with high and low levels of HER2 expression. 111In-labeled ADAPT6 derivatives provided higher tumor-to-organ ratios compared to 68Ga-labeled counterparts. The best performing variant was DOTA-C61-(HE)3DANS-ADAPT6-GSSC, which provided tumor-to-blood ratios of 208 ± 36 and 109 ± 17 at 3 h for 111In and 68Ga labels, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lindbo
- School of Engineering in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH) , Division of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10691 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Javad Garousi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology , Uppsala University , 751 85 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Bogdan Mitran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Uppsala University , 751 23 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Anzhelika Vorobyeva
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology , Uppsala University , 751 85 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Maryam Oroujeni
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology , Uppsala University , 751 85 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Uppsala University , 751 23 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Sophia Hober
- School of Engineering in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH) , Division of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10691 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology , Uppsala University , 751 85 Uppsala , Sweden
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109
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Pruszynski M, Kang CM, Koumarianou E, Vaidyanathan G, Zalutsky MR. d-Amino Acid Peptide Residualizing Agents for Protein Radioiodination: Effect of Aspartate for Glutamate Substitution. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051223. [PMID: 29783774 PMCID: PMC6099567 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The residualizing prosthetic agent Nε-(3-[*I]iodobenzoyl)-Lys5-Nα-maleimido-Gly1-d-GEEEK ([*I]IB-Mal-d-GEEEK) showed promise for the radioiodination of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind to internalizing molecular targets. Although enhanced tumor uptake was achieved in these studies, elevated kidney accumulation also was observed, particularly with low-molecular-weight, single-domain antibody fragments (sdAbs). Here, we developed an analogous agent (IB-Mal-d-GDDDK), in which glutamate residues (E) were replaced with aspartates (D) to determine whether this modification could decrease renal uptake. [125I]IB-Mal-d-GDDDK and [131I]IB-Mal-d-GEEEK were synthesized with similar radiochemical yields (60–80%) and coupled to the anti-HER2 sdAb 5F7 at 50–60% efficiency. Paired-label internalization assays in vitro indicated similar levels of intracellular activity residualization in HER2-expressing BT474M1 cells for [125I]IB-Mal-d-GDDDK-5F7 and [131I]IB-Mal-d-GEEEK-5F7. A paired-label biodistribution comparison of the two labeled conjugates was performed in mice with HER2-expressing SKOV-3 xenografts, and the results of this study indicated that renal uptake at 1 h was 127.5 ± 18.7% ID/g and 271.4 ± 66.6% ID/g for [125I]IB-Mal-d-GDDDK-5F7 and [131I]IB-Mal-d-GEEEK-5F7, respectively. The tumor uptake of the two radioconjugates was not significantly different. These results demonstrate that substitution of E with D in the IB-Mal-d-GEEEK construct reduced kidney accumulation of the sdAb. However, renal activity levels need to be reduced further if d-amino acid derived prosthetic agents are to be of practical value for labeling low molecular weight biomolecules such as sdAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Pruszynski
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
- Present address: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Choong Mo Kang
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
- Present address: Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Eftychia Koumarianou
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
- Present address: Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | | | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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110
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Vaidyanathan G, Kang CM, McDougald D, Minn I, Brummet M, Pomper MG, Zalutsky MR. Brush border enzyme-cleavable linkers: Evaluation for reducing renal uptake of radiolabeled prostate-specific membrane antigen inhibitors. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 62-63:18-30. [PMID: 29803076 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiolabeled, low-molecular-weight prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitors based on the Glu-ureido pharmacophore show promise for the detection and treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer; however, high renal retention of activity, related in part to overexpression of PSMA in kidneys can be problematic. The goal of the current study was to investigate the use of brush border enzyme-cleavable linkers as a strategy for reducing kidney activity levels from radiolabeled PSMA inhibitors. METHODS PSMA-769 (6), a derivative of the prototypical PSMA inhibitor (((S)‑1‑carboxy‑5‑(4‑iodobenzamido)pentyl)carbamoyl)glutamate (12) modified to contain a Gly-Tyr linker, and its protected tin precursor (11) were synthesized starting from the basic pharmacophore molecule Lys-urea-Glu. An analogue of 6 containing d‑tyrosine in lieu of l‑tyrosine (PSMA-769-d-tyrosine) and the corresponding tin precursor (d-11) also were synthesized. Both radioiodinated and 211At-labeled 6 were synthesized by radiohalogenation of 11 and deprotection in situ. Similarly, radioiodinated d-6 was synthesized from d-11. Paired label biodistribution of [125I]12 and [131I]6 was performed in normal mice and in SCID mice bearing both PC3 PIP (PSMA+) and PC3 flu (PSMA-) subcutaneous prostate carcinoma xenografts. The biodistribution of [131I]6 and [211At]6 was also evaluated in this tumor model. Biodistribution of the two radioiodinated diastereomers of 6 was evaluated in normal mice and urine samples were analyzed for the presence of 4‑iodohippuric acid. RESULTS Compounds [131I]6 and [211At]6 were synthesized from 11 in overall radiochemical yields of 32.5 ± 0.1% (n = 4) and 22% (n = 1), respectively; radiochemical purity was >95%. In normal mice, renal uptake of [131I]6 was 1.4-, 2.8- and 161-fold lower than that seen for co-injected [125I]12 at 1 h, 4 h and 21 h, respectively. In tumor-bearing mice, kidney uptake of [131I]6 was similar to that for [125I]12 (P > 0.05) at 1 h and 4 h but was 6- to 7-fold lower at 21 h; however, [131I]6 uptake in PC3 PIP tumors was also lower than that seen for [125I]12 at 21 h (12.6 ± 3.4%ID/g vs. 36.8 ± 12.4%ID/g). Uptake of [211At]PSMA-769 in PC3 PIP tumors was slightly higher than that seen for [131I]PSMA-769 at 4 h (9.6 ± 1.6%ID/g versus 7.8 ± 1.6%ID/g; P = 0.002); its uptake in a number of normal tissues also was higher. In normal mice, kidney uptake of [125I]PSMA-769 at 4 h was about 73% of that seen for [131I]PSMA-769-d-tyrosine. Activity in the urine of mice receiving [125I]PSMA-769 contained mainly 4‑[125I]iodohippuric acid while unmetabolized intact molecule was present in the case of [125I]PSMA-769-d-tyrosine. CONCLUSION Use of this brush border enzyme-cleavable linker reduced kidney uptake and resulted in improved tumor:kidney uptake ratios. Although further structural improvements are needed, this linker approach might be useful as a component in strategies for reducing renal uptake of radiolabeled PSMA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Choong Mo Kang
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Darryl McDougald
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Il Minn
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Mary Brummet
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Martin G Pomper
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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111
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Fiedler L, Kellner M, Gosewisch A, Oos R, Böning G, Lindner S, Albert N, Bartenstein P, Reulen HJ, Zeidler R, Gildehaus F. Evaluation of 177Lu[Lu]-CHX-A″-DTPA-6A10 Fab as a radioimmunotherapy agent targeting carbonic anhydrase XII. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 60:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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112
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Warnders FJ, Lub-de Hooge MN, de Vries EGE, Kosterink JGW. Influence of protein properties and protein modification on biodistribution and tumor uptake of anticancer antibodies, antibody derivatives, and non-Ig scaffolds. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1837-1873. [PMID: 29635825 DOI: 10.1002/med.21498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Newly developed protein drugs that target tumor-associated antigens are often modified in order to increase their therapeutic effect, tumor exposure, and safety profile. During the development of protein drugs, molecular imaging is increasingly used to provide additional information on their in vivo behavior. As a result, there are increasing numbers of studies that demonstrate the effect of protein modification on whole body distribution and tumor uptake of protein drugs. However, much still remains unclear about how to interpret obtained biodistribution data correctly. Consequently, there is a need for more insight in the correct way of interpreting preclinical and clinical imaging data. Summarizing the knowledge gained to date may facilitate this interpretation. This review therefore provides an overview of specific protein properties and modifications that can affect biodistribution and tumor uptake of anticancer antibodies, antibody fragments, and nonimmunoglobulin scaffolds. Protein properties that are discussed in this review are molecular size, target interaction, FcRn binding, and charge. Protein modifications that are discussed are radiolabeling, fluorescent labeling drug conjugation, glycosylation, humanization, albumin binding, and polyethylene glycolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank-Jan Warnders
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn N Lub-de Hooge
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth G E de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos G W Kosterink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology & Economy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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113
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Zhou Z, Chitneni SK, Devoogdt N, Zalutsky MR, Vaidyanathan G. Fluorine-18 labeling of an anti-HER2 VHH using a residualizing prosthetic group via a strain-promoted click reaction: Chemistry and preliminary evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29534937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we evaluated a HER2-specific single domain antibody fragment (sdAb) 2Rs15d labeled with 18F via conjugation of a residualizing prosthetic agent that was synthesized by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). In order to potentially increase overall efficiency and decrease the time required for labeling, we now investigate the use of a strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) between the 2Rs15d sdAb, which had been pre-derivatized with an azide-containing residualizing moiety, and an 18F-labeled aza-dibenzocyclooctyne derivative. The HER2-targeted sdAb 2Rs15d and a nonspecific sdAb R3B23 were pre-conjugated with a moiety containing both azide- and guanidine functionalities. The thus derivatized sdAbs were radiolabeled with 18F using an 18F-labeled aza-dibenzocyclooctyne derivative ([18F]F-ADIBO) via SPAAC, generating the desired conjugate ([18F]RL-II-sdAb). For comparison, unmodified 2Rs15d was labeled with N-succinimidyl 4-guanidinomethyl-3-[125I]iodobenzoate ([125I]SGMIB), the prototypical residualizing agent for radioiodination. Radiochemical purity (RCP), immunoreactive fraction (IRF), HER2-binding affinity and cellular uptake of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d were assessed in vitro. Paired label biodistribution of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d and [125I]SGMIB-2Rs15d, and microPET/CT imaging of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d and the [18F]RL-II-R3B23 control sdAb were performed in nude mice bearing HER2-expressing SKOV-3 xenografts. A radiochemical yield of 23.9 ± 6.9% (n = 8) was achieved for the SPAAC reaction between [18F]F-ADIBO and azide-modified 2Rs15d and the RCP of the labeled sdAb was >95%. The affinity (Kd) and IRF for the binding of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d to HER2 were 5.6 ± 1.3 nM and 73.1 ± 22.5% (n = 3), respectively. The specific uptake of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d by HER2-expressing BT474M1 breast carcinoma cells in vitro was 14-17% of the input dose at 1, 2, and 4 h, slightly higher than seen for co-incubated [125I]SGMIB-2Rs15d. The uptake of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d in SKOV-3 xenografts at 1 h and 2 h p.i. were 5.54 ± 0.77% ID/g and 6.42 ± 1.70% ID/g, respectively, slightly higher than those for co-administered [125I]SGMIB-2Rs15d (4.80 ± 0.78% ID/g and 4.78 ± 1.39% ID/g). MicroPET/CT imaging with [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d at 1-3 h p.i. clearly delineated SKOV-3 tumors while no significant accumulation of activity in tumor was seen for [18F]RL-II-R3B23. With the exception of kidneys, normal tissue levels for [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d were low and cleared rapidly. To our knowledge, this is the first time SPAAC method has been used to label an sdAb with 18F, especially with residualizing functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Satish K Chitneni
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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114
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Menda Y, Madsen MT, O'Dorisio TM, Sunderland JJ, Watkins GL, Dillon JS, Mott SL, Schultz MK, Zamba GKD, Bushnell DL, O'Dorisio MS. 90Y-DOTATOC Dosimetry-Based Personalized Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy. J Nucl Med 2018. [PMID: 29523629 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.202903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pretherapy PET with 86Y-DOTATOC is considered the ideal dosimetry protocol for 90Y-DOTATOC therapy; however, its cost, limited availability, and need for infusion of amino acids to mimic the therapy administration limit its use in the clinical setting. The goal of this study was to develop a dosimetric method for 90Y-DOTATOC using 90Y-DOTATOC PET/CT and bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT and to determine whether dosimetry-based administered activities differ significantly from standard administered activities. Methods: This was a prospective phase 2 trial of 90Y-DOTATOC therapy in patients with somatostatin receptor-positive tumors. 90Y-DOTATOC was given in 3 cycles 6-8 wk apart. In the first cycle of therapy, adults received 4.4 GBq and children received 1.85 GBq/m2; the subsequent administered activities were adjusted according to the dosimetry of the preceding cycle so as not to exceed a total kidney dose of 23 Gy and bone marrow dose of 2 Gy. The radiation dose to the kidneys was determined from serial imaging sessions consisting of time-of-flight 90Y-DOTATOC PET/CT at 5 h after therapy and 90Y-DOTATOC bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h. The PET/CT data were used to measure the absolute concentration of 90Y-DOTATOC and to calibrate the bremsstrahlung SPECT kidney clearance data. The radiation dose to the kidneys was determined by multiplying the time-integrated activity (from the fitted biexponential curve of renal clearance of 90Y-DOTATOC) with the energy emitted per decay, divided by the mass of the kidneys. Results: The radiation dose to the kidneys per cycle of 90Y-DOTATOC therapy was highly variable among patients, ranging from 0.32 to 3.0 mGy/MBq. In 17 (85%) of the 20 adult patients who received the second and the third treatment cycles of 90Y-DOTATOC, the administered activity was modified by at least 20% from the starting administered activity. Conclusion: Renal dosimetry of 90Y-DOTATOC is feasible using 90Y-DOTATOC time-of-flight PET/CT and bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT and has a significant impact on the administered activity in treatment cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Menda
- Department of Radiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mark T Madsen
- Department of Radiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Thomas M O'Dorisio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John J Sunderland
- Department of Radiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - G Leonard Watkins
- Department of Radiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joseph S Dillon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sarah L Mott
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michael K Schultz
- Department of Radiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Gideon K D Zamba
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - David L Bushnell
- Department of Radiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - M Sue O'Dorisio
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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115
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Pruszynski M, D'Huyvetter M, Bruchertseifer F, Morgenstern A, Lahoutte T. Evaluation of an Anti-HER2 Nanobody Labeled with 225Ac for Targeted α-Particle Therapy of Cancer. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1457-1466. [PMID: 29502411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in numerous carcinomas. Nanobodies (Nbs) are the smallest antibody-derived fragments with beneficial characteristics for molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy. Therefore, HER2-targeting nanobodies could offer a valuable platform for radioimmunotherapy, especially when labeled with α-particle emitters, which provide highly lethal and localized radiation to targeted cells with minimal exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. In this study, the anti-HER2 2Rs15d-nanobody was conjugated with 2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid ( p-SCN-Bn-DOTA) and radiolabeled with an α-emitter 225Ac with a high yield (>90%) and a radiochemical purity above 95%. The 225Ac-DOTA-Nb binding affinity was 4.12 ± 0.47 nM with an immunoreactive fraction above 80%. Binding to low HER2-expressing MDA-MB-231 cells was negligible, whereas HER2-overexpressing SKOV-3 cells could be blocked with an excess of unlabeled nanobody, confirming the specificity of binding. Noncompeting binding to HER2 was observed in the presence of an excess of trastuzumab. The cell-associated fraction of 225Ac-DOTA-Nb was 34.72 ± 16.66% over 24 h. In vitro, the radioconjugate was toxic in an HER2-mediated and dose-dependent manner, resulting in IC50 values of 10.2 and 322.1 kBq/mL for 225Ac-DOTA-Nb and the 225Ac-DOTA control, respectively, on SKOV-3 cells, and 282.2 kBq/mL for 225Ac-DOTA-Nb on MDA-MB-231 cells. Ex vivo biodistribution studies, performed in mice bearing subcutaneous HER2-overexpressing and low HER2-expressing tumors, showed a fast uptake in SKOV-3 tumors compared to MDA-MB-231 (4.01 ± 1.58% ID/g vs 0.49 ± 0.20% ID/g after 2 h), resulting also in high tumor-to-normal tissue ratios. In addition, coinjection of 225Ac-DOTA-Nb with Gelofusine reduced kidney retention by 70%. This study shows that 225Ac-DOTA-Nb is a promising new radioconjugate for targeted α-particle therapy and supports its further development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias D'Huyvetter
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Frank Bruchertseifer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre , Department for Nuclear Safety and Security , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Alfred Morgenstern
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre , Department for Nuclear Safety and Security , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Tony Lahoutte
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium.,Nuclear Medicine Department , UZ Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
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116
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Paradigm shift in theranostics of neuroendocrine tumors: conceptual horizons of nanotechnology in nuclear medicine. Ann Nucl Med 2018; 32:151-164. [PMID: 29374820 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-018-1235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive review of Neuroendocrine Tumors (NET) and the current and developing imaging and therapeutic modalities for NET with emphasis on Nuclear Medicine modalities. Subsequently, nanotechnology and its emerging role in cancer management, especially NET, are discussed. The article is both educative and informative. The objective is to provide an insight into the developments made in nuclear medicine and nanotechnology towards management of NET, individually as well as combined together.
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117
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Summer D, Garousi J, Oroujeni M, Mitran B, Andersson KG, Vorobyeva A, Löfblom J, Orlova A, Tolmachev V, Decristoforo C. Cyclic versus Noncyclic Chelating Scaffold for 89Zr-Labeled ZEGFR:2377 Affibody Bioconjugates Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Overexpression. Mol Pharm 2017; 15:175-185. [PMID: 29160082 PMCID: PMC5751887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Zirconium-89
is an emerging radionuclide for positron emission
tomography (PET) especially for biomolecules with slow pharmacokinetics
as due to its longer half-life, in comparison to fluorine-18 and gallium-68,
imaging at late time points is feasible. Desferrioxamine B (DFO),
a linear bifunctional chelator (BFC) is mostly used for this radionuclide
so far but shows limitations regarding stability. Our group recently
reported on fusarinine C (FSC) with similar zirconium-89 complexing
properties but potentially higher stability related to its cyclic
structure. This study was designed to compare FSC and DFO head-to-head
as bifunctional chelators for 89Zr-radiolabeled EGFR-targeting
ZEGFR:2377 affibody bioconjugates. FSC-ZEGFR:2377 and DFO-ZEGFR:2377
were evaluated regarding radiolabeling, in vitro stability,
specificity, cell uptake, receptor affinity, biodistribution, and
microPET-CT imaging. Both conjugates were efficiently labeled with
zirconium-89 at room temperature but radiochemical yields increased
substantially at elevated temperature, 85 °C. Both 89Zr-FSC-ZEGFR:2377 and 89Zr-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 revealed remarkable
specificity, affinity and slow cell-line dependent internalization.
Radiolabeling at 85 °C showed comparable results in A431 tumor
xenografted mice with minor differences regarding blood clearance,
tumor and liver uptake. In comparison 89Zr-DFO-ZEGFR:2377,
radiolabeled at room temperature, showed a significant difference
regarding tumor-to-organ ratios. MicroPET-CT imaging studies of 89Zr-FSC-ZEGFR:2377 as well as 89Zr-DFO-ZEGFR:2377
confirmed these findings. In summary we were able to show that FSC
is a suitable alternative to DFO for radiolabeling of biomolecules
with zirconium-89. Furthermore, our findings indicate that 89Zr-radiolabeling of DFO conjugates at higher temperature reduces
off-chelate binding leading to significantly improved tumor-to-organ
ratios and therefore enhancing image contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Summer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck , Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Javad Garousi
- Institute of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, Uppsala University , SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maryam Oroujeni
- Institute of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, Uppsala University , SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bogdan Mitran
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University , SE-751 83 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ken G Andersson
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anzhelika Vorobyeva
- Institute of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, Uppsala University , SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Löfblom
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University , SE-751 83 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Institute of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, Uppsala University , SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck , Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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118
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Garousi J, Lindbo S, Mitran B, Buijs J, Vorobyeva A, Orlova A, Tolmachev V, Hober S. Comparative evaluation of tumor targeting using the anti-HER2 ADAPT scaffold protein labeled at the C-terminus with indium-111 or technetium-99m. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14780. [PMID: 29116215 PMCID: PMC5676751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15366-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ABD-Derived Affinity Proteins (ADAPTs) is a novel class of engineered scaffold proteins derived from an albumin-binding domain of protein G. The use of ADAPT6 derivatives as targeting moiety have provided excellent preclinical radionuclide imaging of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) tumor xenografts. Previous studies have demonstrated that selection of nuclide and chelator for its conjugation has an appreciable effect on imaging properties of scaffold proteins. In this study we performed a comparative evaluation of the anti-HER2 ADAPT having an aspartate-glutamate-alanine-valine-aspartate-alanine-asparagine-serine (DEAVDANS) N-terminal sequence and labeled at C-terminus with 99mTc using a cysteine-containing peptide based chelator, glycine-serine-serine-cysteine (GSSC), and a similar variant labeled with 111In using a maleimido derivative of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) chelator. Both 99mTc-DEAVDANS-ADAPT6-GSSC and 111In-DEAVDANS-ADAPT6-GSSC-DOTA accumulated specifically in HER2-expressing SKOV3 xenografts. The tumor uptake of both variants did not differ significantly and average values were in the range of 19–21%ID/g. However, there was an appreciable variation in uptake of conjugates in normal tissues that resulted in a notable difference in the tumor-to-organ ratios. The 111In-DOTA label provided 2–6 fold higher tumor-to-organ ratios than 99mTc-GSSC and is therefore the preferable label for ADAPTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Garousi
- Institute for Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarah Lindbo
- School of Biotechnology, Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bogdan Mitran
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jos Buijs
- Institute for Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anzhelika Vorobyeva
- Institute for Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Institute for Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sophia Hober
- School of Biotechnology, Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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119
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Krasniqi A, D'Huyvetter M, Xavier C, Van der Jeught K, Muyldermans S, Van Der Heyden J, Lahoutte T, Tavernier J, Devoogdt N. Theranostic Radiolabeled Anti-CD20 sdAb for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2828-2839. [PMID: 29054987 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anti-CD20 radioimmunotherapy is an effective approach for therapy of relapsed or refractory CD20pos lymphomas, but faces limitations due to poor tumor penetration and undesirable pharmacokinetics of full antibodies. Camelid single-domain Ab fragments (sdAb) might circumvent some of the limitations of radiolabeled full antibodies. In this study, a set of hCD20-targeting sdAbs was generated, and their capacity to bind hCD20 was evaluated in vitro and in vivo A lead sdAb, sdAb 9079, was selected on the basis of its specific tumor targeting and significant lower kidney accumulation compared with other sdAbs. SdAb 9079 was then radiolabeled with 68Ga and 177Lu for PET imaging and targeted therapy. The therapeutic potential of 177Lu-DTPA-sdAb was compared with that of 177Lu-DTPA-rituximab and unlabeled rituximab in mice bearing hCD20pos tumors. Radiolabeled with 68Ga, sdAb 9079 showed specific tumor uptake, with very low accumulation in nontarget organs, except kidneys. The tumor uptake of 177Lu-DTPA-sdAb 9079 after 1.5 h was 3.4 ± 1.3% ID/g, with T/B and T/M ratios of 13.3 ± 4.6 and 32.9 ± 15.6. Peak tumor accumulation of 177Lu-DTPA-rituximab was about 9 times higher, but concomitantly with high accumulation in nontarget organs and very low T/B and T/M ratios (0.8 ± 0.1 and 7.1 ± 2.4). Treatment of mice with 177Lu-DTPA-sdAb 9079 significantly prolonged median survival compared with control groups and was as effective as treatment with rituximab or its 177Lu-labeled variant. Taken together, sdAb 9079 displays promising features as a theranostic drug to treat CD20pos lymphomas. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(12); 2828-39. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Krasniqi
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Matthias D'Huyvetter
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catarina Xavier
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin Van der Jeught
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Tony Lahoutte
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Medical Biotechnology, Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, VIB and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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120
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Lau J, Lin KS, Bénard F. Past, Present, and Future: Development of Theranostic Agents Targeting Carbonic Anhydrase IX. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:4322-4339. [PMID: 29158829 PMCID: PMC5695016 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Theranostics is the integration of diagnostic information with pharmaceuticals to increase effectiveness and safety of cancer treatments. Nuclear medicine provides a non-invasive means to visualize drug target expression across primary and metastatic sites, and assess pharmacokinetics and efficacy of companion therapeutic agents. This is significant given the increasing recognition of the importance of clonal heterogeneity in treatment response and resistance. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) has been advocated as an attractive diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for targeting hypoxia in solid malignancies. CA-IX confers cancer cell survival under low oxygen tension, and is associated with increased propensity for metastasis. As such, CA-IX is overexpressed in a broad spectrum of cancers. Different classes of antigen recognition molecules targeting CA-IX including monoclonal antibodies, peptides, small molecule inhibitors, and antibody mimetics have been radiolabeled for imaging and therapeutic applications. cG250, a chimeric monoclonal antibody, has been labeled with an assortment of radionuclides (124I, 111In, 89Zr, 131I, 90Y, and 177Lu) and is the most extensively investigated CA-IX radiopharmaceutical. In recent years, there have been tremendous advancements made by the research community in developing alternatives to cG250. Although still in preclinical settings, several small molecule inhibitors and antibody mimetics hold great promise in improving the management of aggressive and resistant cancers.
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121
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Martins CD, Kramer-Marek G, Oyen WJG. Radioimmunotherapy for delivery of cytotoxic radioisotopes: current status and challenges. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 15:185-196. [PMID: 28893110 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1378180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with monoclonal antibodies and their fragments labelled with radionuclides emitting α -particles, β-particles or Auger electrons have been used for many years in the development of anticancer strategies. While RIT has resulted in approved radiopharmaceuticals for the treatment of hematological malignancies, its use in solid tumors still remains challenging. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the exciting progress towards elucidating the potential of current and novel radioimmunoconjugates and address the challenges for translation into clinical practice. EXPERT OPINION There are still technical and logistical challenges associated with the use of RIT in routine clinical practice, including development of novel and more specific targeting moieties, broader access α to α-emitters and better tailoring of pre-targeting approaches. Moreover, improved understanding of the heterogeneous nature of solid tumors and the critical role of tumor microenvironments will help to optimize clinical response to RIT by delivering sufficient radiation doses to even more radioresistant tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Daniel Martins
- a Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging , The Institute of Cancer Research , London , UK
| | - Gabriela Kramer-Marek
- a Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging , The Institute of Cancer Research , London , UK
| | - Wim J G Oyen
- a Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging , The Institute of Cancer Research , London , UK.,b The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust , Department of Nuclear Medicine , London , UK
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122
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Rashidian M, Ingram JR, Dougan M, Dongre A, Whang KA, LeGall C, Cragnolini JJ, Bierie B, Gostissa M, Gorman J, Grotenbreg GM, Bhan A, Weinberg RA, Ploegh HL. Predicting the response to CTLA-4 blockade by longitudinal noninvasive monitoring of CD8 T cells. J Exp Med 2017; 214:2243-2255. [PMID: 28666979 PMCID: PMC5551571 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rashidian et al. show that 89Zr-PEGylated single-domain antibodies that target CD8+ T cells can be used to monitor and evaluate the response to immunotherapy as a predictive tool. Immunotherapy using checkpoint-blocking antibodies against targets such as CTLA-4 and PD-1 can cure melanoma and non–small cell lung cancer in a subset of patients. The presence of CD8 T cells in the tumor correlates with improved survival. We show that immuno–positron emission tomography (immuno-PET) can visualize tumors by detecting infiltrating lymphocytes and, through longitudinal observation of individual animals, distinguish responding tumors from those that do not respond to therapy. We used 89Zr-labeled PEGylated single-domain antibody fragments (VHHs) specific for CD8 to track the presence of intratumoral CD8+ T cells in the immunotherapy-susceptible B16 melanoma model in response to checkpoint blockade. A 89Zr-labeled PEGylated anti-CD8 VHH detected thymus and secondary lymphoid structures as well as intratumoral CD8 T cells. Animals that responded to CTLA-4 therapy showed a homogeneous distribution of the anti-CD8 PET signal throughout the tumor, whereas more heterogeneous infiltration of CD8 T cells correlated with faster tumor growth and worse responses. To support the validity of these observations, we used two different transplantable breast cancer models, yielding results that conformed with predictions based on the antimelanoma response. It may thus be possible to use immuno-PET and monitor antitumor immune responses as a prognostic tool to predict patient responses to checkpoint therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Dougan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Anushka Dongre
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA.,Ludwig Center for Molecular Oncology at MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Camille LeGall
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Brian Bierie
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | | | - Atul Bhan
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Robert A Weinberg
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA.,Ludwig Center for Molecular Oncology at MIT, Cambridge, MA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
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123
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Pellegrini G, Siwowska K, Haller S, Antoine DJ, Schibli R, Kipar A, Müller C. A Short-Term Biological Indicator for Long-Term Kidney Damage after Radionuclide Therapy in Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017. [PMID: 28635637 PMCID: PMC5490414 DOI: 10.3390/ph10020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate receptor (FR)-targeted radionuclide therapy using folate radioconjugates is of interest due to the expression of the FR in a variety of tumor types. The high renal accumulation of radiofolates presents, however, a risk of radionephropathy. A potential option to address this challenge would be to use radioprotectants, such as amifostine. Methods for early detection of kidney damage that—in this case—cannot be predicted based on dose estimations, would facilitate the development of novel therapies. The aim of this study was, therefore, to assess potentially changing levels of plasma and urine biomarkers and to determine DNA damage at an early stage after radiofolate application. The identification of an early indicator for renal damage in mice would be useful since histological changes become apparent only several months after treatment. Mice were injected with different quantities of 177Lu-folate (10 MBq, 20 MBq and 30 MBq), resulting in mean absorbed kidney doses of ~23 Gy, ~46 Gy and ~69 Gy, respectively, followed by euthanasia two weeks (>85% of the mean renal radiation dose absorbed) or three months later. Whereas all investigated biomarkers remained unchanged, the number of γ-H2AX-positive nuclei in the renal cortex showed an evident dose-dependent increase as compared to control values two weeks after treatment. Comparison with the extent of kidney injury determined by histological changes five to eight months after administration of the same 177Lu-folate activities suggested that the quantitative assessment of double-strand breaks can be used as a biological indicator for long-term radiation effects in the kidneys. This method may, thus, enable faster assessment of radiopharmaceuticals and protective measures by preventing logistically challenging long-term investigations to detect kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pellegrini
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology (LAMP), Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Klaudia Siwowska
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
| | - Stephanie Haller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel J Antoine
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK.
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Anja Kipar
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology (LAMP), Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
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124
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Mansour N, Dumulon-Perreault V, Ait-Mohand S, Paquette M, Lecomte R, Guérin B. Impact of dianionic and dicationic linkers on tumor uptake and biodistribution of [64Cu]Cu/NOTA peptide-based gastrin-releasing peptide receptors antagonists. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:200-212. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nematallah Mansour
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke and Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre, Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS); Sherbrooke Canada
| | - Véronique Dumulon-Perreault
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke and Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre, Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS); Sherbrooke Canada
| | - Samia Ait-Mohand
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke and Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre, Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS); Sherbrooke Canada
| | - Michel Paquette
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke and Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre, Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS); Sherbrooke Canada
| | - Roger Lecomte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke and Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre, Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS); Sherbrooke Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke and Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre, Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS); Sherbrooke Canada
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125
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Comparative Evaluation of Anti-HER2 Affibody Molecules Labeled with 64Cu Using NOTA and NODAGA. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2017; 2017:8565802. [PMID: 29097939 PMCID: PMC5612711 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8565802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Imaging using affibody molecules enables discrimination between breast cancer metastases with high and low expression of HER2, making appropriate therapy selection possible. This study aimed to evaluate if the longer half-life of 64Cu (T1/2 = 12.7 h) would make 64Cu a superior nuclide compared to 68Ga for PET imaging of HER2 expression using affibody molecules. The synthetic ZHER2:S1 affibody molecule was conjugated with the chelators NOTA or NODAGA and labeled with 64Cu. The tumor-targeting properties of 64Cu-NOTA-ZHER2:S1 and 64Cu-NODAGA-ZHER2:S1 were evaluated and compared with the targeting properties of 68Ga-NODAGA-ZHER2:S1 in mice. Both 64Cu-NOTA-ZHER2:S1 and 64Cu-NODAGA-ZHER2:S1 demonstrated specific targeting of HER2-expressing xenografts. At 2 h after injection of 64Cu-NOTA-ZHER2:S1, 64Cu-NODAGA-ZHER2:S1, and 68Ga-NODAGA-ZHER2:S1, tumor uptakes did not differ significantly. Renal uptake of 64Cu-labeled conjugates was dramatically reduced at 6 and 24 h after injection. Notably, radioactivity uptake concomitantly increased in blood, lung, liver, spleen, and intestines, which resulted in decreased tumor-to-organ ratios compared to 2 h postinjection. Organ uptake was lower for 64Cu-NODAGA-ZHER2:S1. The most probable explanation for this biodistribution pattern was the release and redistribution of renal radiometabolites. In conclusion, monoamide derivatives of NOTA and NODAGA may be suboptimal chelators for radiocopper labeling of anti-HER2 affibody molecules and, possibly, other scaffold proteins with high renal uptake.
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Läppchen T, Tönnesmann R, Eersels J, Meyer PT, Maecke HR, Rylova SN. Radioiodinated Exendin-4 Is Superior to the Radiometal-Labelled Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Probes Overcoming Their High Kidney Uptake. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170435. [PMID: 28103285 PMCID: PMC5245897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
GLP-1 receptors are ideal targets for preoperative imaging of benign insulinoma and for quantifying the beta cell mass. The existing clinical tracers targeting GLP-1R are all agonists with low specific activity and very high kidney uptake. In order to solve those issues we evaluated GLP-1R agonist Ex-4 and antagonist Ex(9-39) radioiodinated at Tyr40 side by side with [Nle14,Lys40(Ahx-DOTA-68Ga)NH2]Ex-4 (68Ga-Ex-4) used in the clinic. The Kd, Bmax, internalization and binding kinetics of [Nle14,125I-Tyr40-NH2]Ex-4 and [Nle14,125I-Tyr40-NH2]Ex(9-39) were studied in vitro using Ins-1E cells. Biodistribution and imaging studies were performed in nude mice bearing Ins-1E xenografts. In vitro evaluation demonstrated high affinity binding of the [Nle14,125I-Tyr40-NH2]Ex-4 agonist to the Ins-1E cells with fast internalization kinetics reaching a plateau after 30 min. The antagonist [Nle14,125I-Tyr40-NH2]Ex(9-39) did not internalize and had a 4-fold higher Kd value compared to the agonist. In contrast to [Nle14,125I-Tyr40-NH2]Ex(9-39), which showed low and transient tumor uptake, [Nle14,125I-Tyr40-NH2]Ex-4 demonstrated excellent in vivo binding properties with tumor uptake identical to that of 68Ga-Ex-4, but substantially lower kidney uptake resulting in a tumor-to-kidney ratio of 9.7 at 1 h compared to 0.3 with 68Ga-Ex-4. Accumulation of activity in thyroid and stomach for both peptides, which was effectively blocked by irenat, confirms that in vivo deiodination is the mechanism behind the low kidney retention of iodinated peptides. The 124I congener of [Nle14,125I-Tyr40-NH2]Ex-4 demonstrated a similar favourable biodistribution profile in the PET imaging studies in contrast to the typical biodistribution pattern of [Nle14,Lys40(Ahx-DOTA-68Ga)NH2]Ex-4. Our results demonstrate that iodinated Ex-4 is a very promising tracer for imaging of benign insulinomas. It solves the problem of high kidney uptake of the radiometal-labelled tracers by improving the tumor-to-kidney ratio measured for [Nle14,Lys40(Ahx-DOTA-68Ga)NH2]Ex-4 by 32 fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Läppchen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roswitha Tönnesmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jos Eersels
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp T. Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helmut R. Maecke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svetlana N. Rylova
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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127
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Mikkola K, Yim CB, Lehtiniemi P, Kauhanen S, Tarkia M, Tolvanen T, Nuutila P, Solin O. Low kidney uptake of GLP-1R-targeting, beta cell-specific PET tracer, 18F-labeled [Nle 14,Lys 40]exendin-4 analog, shows promise for clinical imaging. EJNMMI Res 2016; 6:91. [PMID: 27957723 PMCID: PMC5153397 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several radiometal-labeled, exendin-based tracers that target glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors (GLP-1R) have been intensively explored for β cell imaging. The main obstacle has been the high uptake of tracer in the kidneys. This study aimed to develop a novel GLP1-R-specific tracer, with fluorine-18 attached to exendin-4, to label β cells for clinical imaging with PET (positron emission tomography). We hypothesized that this tracer would undergo reduced kidney uptake. 18F-labeled [Nle14,Lys40]exendin-4 analog ([18F]exendin-4) was produced via Cu-catalyzed click chemistry. The biodistribution of [18F]exendin-4 was assessed with ex vivo organ γ-counting and in vivo PET imaging. We also tested the in vivo stability of the radiotracer. The localization of 18F radioactivity in rat and human pancreatic tissue sections was investigated with autoradiography. Receptor specificity was assessed with unlabeled exendin-3. Islet labeling was confirmed with immunohistochemistry. The doses of radiation in humans were estimated based on biodistribution results in rats. Results [18F]exendin-4 was synthesized with high yield and high specific activity. Results showed specific, sustained [18F]exendin-4 uptake in pancreatic islets. In contrast to previous studies that tested radiometal-labeled exendin-based tracers, we observed rapid renal clearance of [18F]exendin-4. Conclusions [18F]exendin-4 showed promise as a tracer for clinical imaging of pancreatic β cells, due to its high specific uptake in native β cells and its concomitant low kidney radioactivity uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Mikkola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Cheng-Bin Yim
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Saila Kauhanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Miikka Tarkia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Tolvanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olof Solin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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128
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Glassner M, Palmieri L, Monnery BD, Verbrugghen T, Deleye S, Stroobants S, Staelens S, wyffels L, Hoogenboom R. The Label Matters: μPET Imaging of the Biodistribution of Low Molar Mass 89Zr and 18F-Labeled Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline). Biomacromolecules 2016; 18:96-102. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Glassner
- Supramolecular
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luca Palmieri
- Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Wilrijkstraat
10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Molecular
Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein
1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Bryn D. Monnery
- Supramolecular
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Verbrugghen
- Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Wilrijkstraat
10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Steven Deleye
- Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Wilrijkstraat
10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Stroobants
- Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Wilrijkstraat
10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Molecular
Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein
1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular
Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein
1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Leonie wyffels
- Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Wilrijkstraat
10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Molecular
Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein
1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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129
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Zhao J, Zhou M, Li C. Synthetic nanoparticles for delivery of radioisotopes and radiosensitizers in cancer therapy. Cancer Nanotechnol 2016; 7:9. [PMID: 27909463 PMCID: PMC5112292 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-016-0022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy has been, and will continue to be, a critical modality to treat cancer. Since the discovery of radiation-induced cytotoxicity in the late 19th century, both external and internal radiation sources have provided tremendous benefits to extend the life of cancer patients. Despite the dramatic improvement of radiation techniques, however, one challenge persists to limit the anti-tumor efficacy of radiotherapy, which is to maximize the deposited dose in tumor while sparing the rest of the healthy vital organs. Nanomedicine has stepped into the spotlight of cancer diagnosis and therapy during the past decades. Nanoparticles can potentiate radiotherapy by specifically delivering radionuclides or radiosensitizers into tumors, therefore enhancing the efficacy while alleviating the toxicity of radiotherapy. This paper reviews recent advances in synthetic nanoparticles for radiotherapy and radiosensitization, with a focus on the enhancement of in vivo anti-tumor activities. We also provide a brief discussion on radiation-associated toxicities as this is an area that, up to date, has been largely missing in the literature and should be closely examined in future studies involving nanoparticle-mediated radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX 77054 USA
| | - Min Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX 77054 USA
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Yin Z, Sun L, Jin Q, Song S, Feng Y, Liao H, Ni Y, Zhang J, Liu W. Excretion and toxicity evaluation of 131I-Sennoside A as a necrosis-avid agent. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:980-988. [PMID: 27830982 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1258740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1. Sennoside A (SA) is a newly identified necrosis-avid agent that shows capability for imaging diagnosis and tumor necrosis targeted radiotherapy. As a water-soluble compound, 131I-Sennoside A (131I-SA) might be excreted predominately through the kidneys with the possibility of nephrotoxicity. 2. To further verify excretion pathway and examine nephrotoxicity of 131I-SA, excretion and nephrotoxicity were appraised. The pharmacokinetics, hepatotoxicity and hematotoxicity of 131I-SA were also evaluated to accelerate its possible clinical translation. All these studies were conducted in mice with ethanol-induced muscular necrosis following a single intravenous administration of 131I-SA at 18.5 MBq/kg or 370 MBq/kg. 3. Excretion data revealed that 131I-SA was predominately (73.5% of the injected dose (% ID)) excreted via the kidneys with 69.5% ID detected in urine within 72 h post injection. Biodistribution study indicated that 131I-SA exhibited initial high distribution in the kidneys but subsequently a fast renal clearance, which was further confirmed by the results of autoradiography and single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) imaging. The maximum necrotic to normal muscle ratio reached to 7.9-fold at 48 h post injection, which further verified the necrosis avidity of 131I-SA. Pharmacokinetic parameters showed that 131I-SA had fast blood clearance with an elimination half-life of 6.7 h. Various functional indexes were no significant difference (p > 0.05) between before administration and 1 d, 8 d, 16 d after administration. Histopathology showed no signs of tissue damage. 4. These data suggest 131I-SA is a safe and promising necrosis-avid agent applicable in imaging diagnosis and tumor necrosis targeted radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Yin
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China
| | - Lidan Sun
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China.,b Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China.,c Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China
| | - Qiaomei Jin
- b Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China.,c Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China
| | - Shaoli Song
- d Department of Nuclear Medicine , Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Yuanbo Feng
- b Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China.,c Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China.,e Department of Radiology , Faculty of Medicine, K.U. Leuven , Leuven , Belgium , and
| | - Hong Liao
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China
| | - Yicheng Ni
- b Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China.,c Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China.,e Department of Radiology , Faculty of Medicine, K.U. Leuven , Leuven , Belgium , and
| | - Jian Zhang
- b Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China.,c Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- f Department of Nuclear Medicine , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China
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Opacic T, Paefgen V, Lammers T, Kiessling F. Status and trends in the development of clinical diagnostic agents. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Opacic
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Vera Paefgen
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Targeted Therapeutics; University of Twente; Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
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132
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Jia Y, Zhang W, Fan W, Brusnahan S, Garrison J. Investigation of the Biological Impact of Charge Distribution on a NTR1-Targeted Peptide. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2658-2668. [PMID: 27661393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1) has been shown to be a promising target, due to its increased level of expression relative to normal tissue, for pancreatic and colon cancers. This has prompted the development of a variety of NTR1-targeted radiopharmaceuticals, based on the neurotensin (NT) peptide, for diagnostic and radiotherapeutic applications. A major obstacle for the clinical translation of NTR1-targeted radiotherapeutics would likely be nephrotoxicity due to the high levels of kidney retention. It is well-known that for many peptide-based agents, renal uptake is influenced by the overall molecular charge. Herein, we investigated the effect of charge distribution on receptor binding and kidney retention. Using the [(N-α-Me)Arg8,Dmt11,Tle12]NT(6-13) targeting vector, three peptides (177Lu-K2, 177Lu-K4, and 177Lu-K6), with the Lys moved closer (K6) or further away (K2) from the pharmacophore, were synthesized. In vitro competitive binding, internalization and efflux, and confocal microscopy studies were conducted using the NTR1-positive HT-29, human colon cancer cell line. The 177/natLu-K6 demonstrated the highest binding affinity (21.8 ± 1.2 nM) and the highest level of internalization (4.06% ± 0.20% of the total added amount). In vivo biodistribution, autoradiography, and metabolic studies of 177Lu-radiolabeled K2, K4, and K6 were examined using CF-1 mice. 177Lu-K4 and 177Lu-K6 gave the highest levels of in vivo uptake in NTR1-positive tissues, whereas 177Lu-K2 yielded nearly 2-fold higher renal uptake relative to the other radioconjugates. In conclusion, the position of the Lys (positively charged amino acid) influences the receptor binding, internalization, in vivo NTR1-targeting efficacy, and kidney retention profile of the radioconjugates. In addition, we have found that hydrophobicity likely play a role in the unique biodistribution profiles of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinnong Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, ‡Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, §Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, and ∥Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, ‡Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, §Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, and ∥Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, ‡Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, §Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, and ∥Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
| | - Susan Brusnahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, ‡Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, §Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, and ∥Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
| | - Jered Garrison
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, ‡Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, §Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, and ∥Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
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Müller J, Reichel R, Vogt S, Müller SP, Sauerwein W, Brandau W, Eggert A, Schramm A. Identification and Tumour-Binding Properties of a Peptide with High Affinity to the Disialoganglioside GD2. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163648. [PMID: 27716771 PMCID: PMC5055303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroectodermal tumours are characterized by aberrant processing of disialogangliosides concomitant with high expression of GD2 or GD3 on cell surfaces. Antibodies targeting GD2 are already in clinical use for therapy of neuroblastoma, a solid tumour of early childhood. Here, we set out to identify peptides with high affinity to human disialoganglioside GD2. To this end, we performed a combined in vivo and in vitro screen using a recombinant phage displayed peptide library. We isolated a phage displaying the peptide sequence WHWRLPS that specifically binds to the human disialoganglioside GD2. Binding specificity was confirmed by mutational scanning and by comparative analyses using structurally related disialogangliosides. In vivo, significant enrichment of phage binding to xenografts of human neuroblastoma cells in mice was observed. Tumour-specific phage accumulation could be blocked by intravenous coinjection of the corresponding peptide. Comparative pharmacokinetic analyses revealed higher specific accumulation of 68Ga-labelled GD2-binding peptide compared to 111In-labelled peptide in xenografts of human neuroblastoma. In contrast to 124I-MIBG, which is currently evaluated as a neuroblastoma marker in PET/CT, 68Ga-labelled GD2-specific peptide spared the thyroid but was enriched in the kidneys, which could be partially blocked by infusion of amino acids.In summary, we here report on a novel tumour-homing peptide that specifically binds to the disialoganglioside GD2, accumulates in xenografts of neuroblastoma cells in mice and bears the potential for tumour detection using PET/CT. Thus, this peptide may serve as a new scaffold for diagnosing GD2-positive tumours of neuroectodermal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Müller
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children’s Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robin Reichel
- Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Vogt
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children’s Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan P. Müller
- Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sauerwein
- Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandau
- Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Angelika Eggert
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Schramm
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children’s Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Heikkonen J, Mäenpää H, Hippeläinen E, Reijonen V, Tenhunen M. Effect of calculation method on kidney dosimetry in 177Lu-octreotate treatment. Acta Oncol 2016; 55:1069-1076. [PMID: 27219529 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2016.1182642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 177Lu-octreotate is an effective treatment modality for patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. The kidney is a critical dose-limiting organ in that modality. We investigated the absorbed doses in the kidney and compared whole kidney volume (WKV) and small (4 cm3) volume of the kidney (SV) methods. We also evaluated a new calculation method that was based on two single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) scans. METHODS Absorbed radiation doses in the kidneys were calculated for 24 patients with neuroendocrine tumors. All patients received four cycles of 177Lu-octreotate given at eight-week intervals with a mean activity of 7.1 GBq (range 3.28-8.79 GBq). Absorbed doses and half-lives were calculated by the WKV and SV methods. Dosimetry was determined for the cortex and medulla in the first treatment cycle. RESULTS The mean absorbed radiation dose was 0.44 ± 0.15 Gy/GBq for the WKV method and, 0.74 ± 0.28 Gy/GBq for the SV method. Three patients had a 20% increase of the absorbed dose over the four treatment cycles for the WKV method compared to eight patients for the SV method. The mean absorbed dose in the medulla was 0.62 ± 0.27 Gy/GBq, whereas the mean absorbed dose in the cortex was 0.41 ± 0.22 Gy/GBq. Both regions had similar half-lives. Patients who received lower activities for medical reasons still had similar absorbed doses to kidneys compared to those who received the full activities. Our study indicates that absorbed doses can be calculated reliably using two SPECT/CT scans, at 24 and 168 hours after each treatment. CONCLUSIONS Absorbed doses in the kidneys from systemic radionuclide therapy that are measured by the WKV method and SV method cannot be directly compared. There were regional differences within kidneys for the uptake of 177Lu-octreotate. Two SPECT/CTs are sufficient for kidney dosimetry based on our new calculation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorma Heikkonen
- Nuclear Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Mäenpää
- Nuclear Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Hippeläinen
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vappu Reijonen
- Nuclear Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Tenhunen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
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135
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Liu Z, Gray BD, Barber C, Bernas M, Cai M, Furenlid LR, Rouse A, Patel C, Banerjee B, Liang R, Gmitro AF, Witte MH, Pak KY, Woolfenden JM. Characterization of TCP-1 probes for molecular imaging of colon cancer. J Control Release 2016; 239:223-30. [PMID: 27574992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular probes capable of detecting colorectal cancer (CRC) are needed for early CRC diagnosis. The objective of this study was to characterize c[CTPSPFSHC]OH (TCP-1), a small peptide derived from phage display selection, for targeting human CRC xenografts using technetium-99m ((99m)Tc)-labeled TCP-1 and fluorescent cyanine-7 (Cy7)-labeled form of the peptide (Cy7-TCP-1). (99m)Tc-TCP-1 was generated by modifying TCP-1 with succinimidyl-6-hydrazino-nicotinamide (S-HYNIC) followed by radiolabeling. In vitro saturation binding experiments were performed for (99m)Tc-TCP-1 in human HCT116 colon cancer cells. SCID mice with human HCT116 cancer xenografts were imaged with (99m)Tc-TCP-1 or control peptide using a small-animal SPECT imager: Group I (n=5) received no blockade; Group II (n=5) received a blocking dose of non-radiolabeled TCP-1. Group III (n=5) were imaged with (99m)Tc-labeled control peptide (inactive peptide). SCID mice with human PC3 prostate cancer xenografts (Group IV, n=5) were also imaged with (99m)Tc-TCP-1. Eight additional SCID mice bearing HCT116 xenografts in dorsal skinfold window chambers (DSWC) were imaged by direct positron imaging of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) and fluorescence microscopy of Cy7-TCP-1. In vitro(99m)Tc-HYNIC-TCP-1 binding assays on HCT 116 cells indicated a mean Kd of 3.04±0.52nM. In cancer xenografts, (99m)Tc-TCP-1 radioactivity (%ID/g) was 1.01±0.15 in the absence of blockade and was reduced to 0.26±0.04 (P<0.01) with blockade. No radioactive uptake was observed in the PC3 tumors with (99m)Tc-TCP-1 or HCT116 tumors with inactive peptide. Cy7-TCP-1 activity localized not only in metabolically active tumors, as defined by (18)F-FDG imaging, but also in peritumoral microvasculature. In conclusion, TCP-1 probes may have a distinct targeting mechanism with high selectivity for CRC and tumor-associated vasculature. Molecular imaging with TCP-1 probes appears promising to detect malignant colorectal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
| | - Brian D Gray
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, PA, United States
| | - Christy Barber
- Department of Medical Imaging, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Michael Bernas
- Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Minying Cai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lars R Furenlid
- Department of Medical Imaging, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Andrew Rouse
- Department of Medical Imaging, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Charmi Patel
- Department of Pathology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Bhaskar Banerjee
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rongguang Liang
- College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Arthur F Gmitro
- Department of Medical Imaging, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Marlys H Witte
- Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Koon Y Pak
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, PA, United States
| | - James M Woolfenden
- Department of Medical Imaging, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Nonnekens J, van Kranenburg M, Beerens CE, Suker M, Doukas M, van Eijck CH, de Jong M, van Gent DC. Potentiation of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy by the PARP Inhibitor Olaparib. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1821-32. [PMID: 27570553 PMCID: PMC4997239 DOI: 10.7150/thno.15311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastases expressing tumor-specific receptors can be targeted and treated by binding of radiolabeled peptides (peptide receptor radionuclide therapy or PRRT). For example, patients with metastasized somatostatin receptor-positive neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) can be treated with radiolabeled somatostatin analogues, resulting in strongly increased progression-free survival and quality of life. There is nevertheless still room for improvement, as very few patients can be cured at this stage of disease. We aimed to specifically sensitize replicating tumor cells without further damage to healthy tissues. Thereto we investigated the DNA damaging effects of PRRT with the purpose to enhance these effects through modulation of the DNA damage response. Although PRRT induces DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), a larger fraction of the induced lesions are single strand breaks (expected to be similar to those induced by external beam radiotherapy) that require poly-[ADP-ribose]-polymerase 1 (PARP-1) activity for repair. If these breaks cannot be repaired, they will cause replication fork arrest and DSB formation during replication. Therefore, we used the PARP-1 inhibitor Olaparib to increase the number of cytotoxic DSBs. Here we show that this new combination strategy synergistically sensitized somatostatin receptor expressing cells to PRRT. We observed increased cell death and reduced cellular proliferation compared to the PRRT alone. The enhanced cell death was caused by increased numbers of DSBs that are repaired with remarkably slow kinetics, leading to genome instability. Furthermore, we validated the increased DSB induction after PARP inhibitor addition in the clinically relevant model of living human NET slices. We expect that this combined regimen can thus augment current PRRT outcomes.
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137
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Gospavic R, Knoll P, Mirzaei S, Popov V. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model for Biodistribution of Radiolabeled Peptides in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumours. ASIA OCEANIA JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 4:90-7. [PMID: 27408897 PMCID: PMC4938879 DOI: 10.7508/aojnmb.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): The objectives of this work was to assess the benefits of the application of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models in patients with different neuroendocrine tumours (NET) who were treated with Lu-177 DOTATATE. The model utilises clinical data on biodistribution of radiolabeled peptides (RLPs) obtained by whole body scintigraphy (WBS) of the patients. Methods: The blood flow restricted (perfusion rate limited) type of the PBPK model for biodistribution of radiolabeled peptides (RLPs) in individual human organs is based on the multi-compartment approach, which takes into account the main physiological processes in the organism: absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME). The approach calibrates the PBPK model for each patient in order to increase the accuracy of the dose estimation. Datasets obtained using WBS in four patients have been used to obtain the unknown model parameters. The scintigraphic data were acquired using a double head gamma camera in patients with different neuroendocrine tumours who were treated with Lu-177 DOTATATE. The activity administered to each patient was 7400 MBq. Results: Satisfactory agreement of the model predictions with the data obtained from the WBS for each patient has been achieved. Conclusion: The study indicates that the PBPK model can be used for more accurate calculation of biodistribution and absorbed doses in patients. This approach is the first attempt of utilizing scintigraphic data in PBPK models, which was obtained during Lu-177 peptide therapy of patients with NET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radovan Gospavic
- Ascend Technologies Ltd, Eastleigh, UK; Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Peter Knoll
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine with PET-Center, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siroos Mirzaei
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine with PET-Center, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
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138
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Rylova SN, Waser B, Del Pozzo L, Tönnesmann R, Mansi R, Meyer PT, Reubi JC, Maecke HR. Approaches to Improve the Pharmacokinetics of Radiolabeled Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Ligands Using Antagonistic Tracers. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:1282-8. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.168948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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139
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Li C, Feng H, Xia X, Wang L, Gao B, Zhang Y, Lan X. (99m) Tc-labeled tetramer and pentamer of single-domain antibody for targeting epidermal growth factor receptor in xenografted tumors. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 59:305-12. [PMID: 27123559 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The single-domain antibody EG2 can be fused with right-handed coiled-coil (RHCC) and human cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), to form the multivalent antibodies EG2-RHCC and EG2-COMP. We labeled these two antibodies with (99m) Tc and assessed their targeting efficiency for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Cell binding, uptake, efflux, and blocking studies were performed with EGFR high- and/or low-expressing cells with (99m) Tc-labeled EG2-RHCC or EG2-COMP. Single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and biodistribution studies were further carried out. Both (99m) Tc-EG2-RHCC and (99m) Tc-EG2-COMP can specially bind to EGFR in vitro. SPECT imaging showed that A431, which expresses high levels of EGFR, was clearly visible 6 h after (99m) Tc-EG2-COMP injection; however, it was not detectable after administration of (99m) Tc-EG2-RHCC. Uptake of both antibodies by the non-EGFR-secreting OCM-1 tumors was low. EG2-COMP shows promise in identifying EGFR over-expression in tumors; however, EG2-RHCC may not be suitable for targeting EGFR in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjiao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyan Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaotian Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Lifei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI), Centre for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI), Centre for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,China-Japan Joint Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxue Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
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140
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Wischnjow A, Sarko D, Janzer M, Kaufman C, Beijer B, Brings S, Haberkorn U, Larbig G, Kübelbeck A, Mier W. Renal Targeting: Peptide-Based Drug Delivery to Proximal Tubule Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1050-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artjom Wischnjow
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dikran Sarko
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Janzer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina Kaufman
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbro Beijer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brings
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gregor Larbig
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Armin Kübelbeck
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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141
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Kim WH, Kim CG, Kim MH, Kim DW, Park CR, Park JY, Lee YS, Youn H, Kang KW, Jeong JM, Chung JK. Preclinical evaluation of isostructural Tc-99m- and Re-188-folate-Gly-Gly-Cys-Glu for folate receptor-positive tumor targeting. Ann Nucl Med 2016; 30:369-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s12149-016-1072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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142
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Evaluation of cytotoxic and tumor targeting capability of 177Lu-DOTATATE-nanoparticles: a trailblazing strategy in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. Ann Nucl Med 2016; 30:334-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s12149-016-1067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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143
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Haller S, Pellegrini G, Vermeulen C, van der Meulen NP, Köster U, Bernhardt P, Schibli R, Müller C. Contribution of Auger/conversion electrons to renal side effects after radionuclide therapy: preclinical comparison of (161)Tb-folate and (177)Lu-folate. EJNMMI Res 2016; 6:13. [PMID: 26860295 PMCID: PMC4747949 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The radiolanthanide 161Tb has, in recent years, attracted increasing interest due to its favorable characteristics for medical application. 161Tb exhibits similar properties to the widely-used therapeutic radionuclide 177Lu. In contrast to 177Lu, 161Tb yields a significant number of short-ranging Auger/conversion electrons (≤50 keV) during its decay process. 161Tb has been shown to be more effective for tumor therapy than 177Lu if applied using the same activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate long-term damage to the kidneys after application of 161Tb-folate and compare it to the renal effects caused by 177Lu-folate. Methods Renal side effects were investigated in nude mice after the application of different activities of 161Tb-folate (10, 20, and 30 MBq per mouse) over a period of 8 months. Renal function was monitored by the determination of 99mTc-DMSA uptake in the kidneys and by measuring blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in the plasma. Histopathological analysis was performed by scoring of the tissue damage observed in HE-stained kidney sections from euthanized mice. Results Due to the co-emitted Auger/conversion electrons, the mean absorbed renal dose of 161Tb-folate (3.0 Gy/MBq) was about 24 % higher than that of 177Lu-folate (2.3 Gy/MBq). After application of 161Tb-folate, kidney function was reduced in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as indicated by the decreased renal uptake of 99mTc-DMSA and the increased levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Similar results were obtained when 177Lu-folate was applied at the same activity. Histopathological investigations confirmed comparable renal cortical damage after application of the same activities of 161Tb-folate and 177Lu-folate. This was characterized by collapsed tubules and enlarged glomeruli with fibrin deposition in moderately injured kidneys and glomerulosclerosis in severely damaged kidneys. Conclusions Tb-folate induced dose-dependent radionephropathy over time, but did not result in more severe damage than 177Lu-folate when applied at the same activity. These data are an indication that Auger/conversion electrons do not exacerbate overall renal damage after application with 161Tb-folate as compared to 177Lu-folate, even though they result in an increased dose deposition in the renal tissue. Global toxicity affecting other tissues than kidneys remains to be investigated after 161Tb-based therapy, however.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Haller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
| | - Giovanni Pellegrini
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christiaan Vermeulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland. .,Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
| | - Ulli Köster
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042, Grenoble, France.
| | - Peter Bernhardt
- Department of Radiation Physics, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland. .,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
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Garousi J, Andersson KG, Mitran B, Pichl ML, Ståhl S, Orlova A, Löfblom J, Tolmachev V. PET imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in tumours using 89Zr-labelled ZEGFR:2377 affibody molecules. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1325-32. [PMID: 26847636 PMCID: PMC4777594 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor, which is overexpressed in many types of cancer. The use of EGFR-targeting monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine-kinase inhibitors improves significantly survival of patients with colorectal, non-small cell lung cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Detection of EGFR overexpression provides important prognostic and predictive information influencing management of the patients. The use of radionuclide molecular imaging would enable non-invasive repeatable determination of EGFR expression in disseminated cancer. Moreover, positron emission tomography (PET) would provide superior sensitivity and quantitation accuracy in EGFR expression imaging. Affibody molecules are a new type of imaging probes, providing high contrast in molecular imaging. In the present study, an EGFR-binding affibody molecule (ZEGFR:2377) was site-specifically conjugated with a deferoxamine (DFO) chelator and labelled under mild conditions (room temperature and neutral pH) with a positron-emitting radionuclide 89Zr. The 89Zr-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 tracer demonstrated specific high affinity (160±60 pM) binding to EGFR-expressing A431 epidermoid carcinoma cell line. In mice bearing A431 xenografts, 89Zr-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 demonstrated specific uptake in tumours and EGFR-expressing tissues. The tracer provided tumour uptake of 2.6±0.5% ID/g and tumour-to-blood ratio of 3.7±0.6 at 24 h after injection. 89Zr-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 provides higher tumour-to-organ ratios than anti-EGFR antibody 89Zr-DFO-cetuximab at 48 h after injection. EGFR-expressing tumours were clearly visualized by microPET using 89Zr-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 at both 3 and 24 h after injection. In conclusion, 89Zr-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 is a potential probe for PET imaging of EGFR-expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Garousi
- Institute of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ken G Andersson
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bogdan Mitran
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 83 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie-Louise Pichl
- Institute of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Ståhl
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 83 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Löfblom
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Institute of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
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145
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Hardiansyah D, Maass C, Attarwala AA, Müller B, Kletting P, Mottaghy FM, Glatting G. The role of patient-based treatment planning in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 43:871-880. [PMID: 26577941 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-015-3248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate treatment planning is recommended in peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) to minimize the toxicity to organs at risk while maximizing tumor cell sterilization. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of different degrees of individualization on the prediction accuracy of individual therapeutic biodistributions in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). METHODS A recently developed physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was fitted to the biokinetic data of 15 patients with NETs after pre-therapeutic injection of (111)In-DTPAOC. Mathematical phantom patients (MPP) were defined using the assumed true (true MPP), mean (MPP 1A) and median (MPP 1B) parameter values of the patient group. Alterations of the degree of individualization were introduced to both mean and median patients by including patient-specific information as a priori knowledge: physical parameters and hematocrit (MPP 2A/2B). Successively, measurable individual biokinetic parameters were added: tumor volume V tu (MPP 3A/3B), glomerular filtration rate GFR (MPP 4A/4B), and tumor perfusion f tu (MPP 5A/5B). Furthermore, parameters of MPP 5A/5B and a simulated (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET measurement 60 min p.i. were used together with the population values used as Bayesian parameters (MPP 6A/6B). Therapeutic biodistributions were simulated assuming an infusion of (90)Y-DOTATATE (3.3 GBq) over 30 min to all MPPs. Time-integrated activity coefficients were predicted for all MPPs and compared to the true MPPs for each patient in tumor, kidneys, spleen, liver, remainder, and whole body to obtain the relative differences RD. RESULTS The large RD values of MPP 1A [RDtumor = (625 ± 1266)%, RDkidneys = (11 ± 38)%], and MPP 1B [RDtumor = (197 ± 505)%, RDkidneys = (11 ± 39)%] demonstrate that individual treatment planning is needed due to large physiological differences between patients. Although addition of individual patient parameters reduced the deviations considerably [MPP 5A: RDtumor = (-2 ± 27)% and RDkidneys = (16 ± 43)%; MPP 5B: RDtumor = (2 ± 28)% and RDkidneys = (7 ± 40)%] errors were still large. For the kidneys, prediction accuracy was considerably improved by including the PET measurement [MPP 6A/MPP 6B: RDtumor = (-2 ± 22)% and RDkidneys = (-0.1 ± 0.5)%]. CONCLUSION Individualized treatment planning is needed in the investigated patient group. The use of a PBPK model and the inclusion of patient specific data, e.g., weight, tumor volume, and glomerular filtration rate, do not suffice to predict the therapeutic biodistribution. Integrating all available a priori information in the PBPK model and using additionally PET data measured at one time point for tumor, kidneys, spleen, and liver could possibly be sufficient to perform an individualized treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deni Hardiansyah
- Medical Radiation Physics/Radiation Protection, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Maass
- Medical Radiation Physics/Radiation Protection, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ali Asgar Attarwala
- Medical Radiation Physics/Radiation Protection, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Berthold Müller
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Kletting
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Glatting
- Medical Radiation Physics/Radiation Protection, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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146
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Frigerio B, Benigni F, Luison E, Seregni E, Pascali C, Fracasso G, Morlino S, Valdagni R, Mezzanzanica D, Canevari S, Figini M. Effect of radiochemical modification on biodistribution of scFvD2B antibody fragment recognising prostate specific membrane antigen. Immunol Lett 2015; 168:105-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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147
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Li Z, Krippendorff BF, Sharma S, Walz AC, Lavé T, Shah DK. Influence of molecular size on tissue distribution of antibody fragments. MAbs 2015; 8:113-9. [PMID: 26496429 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1111497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodistribution coefficients (BC) allow estimation of the tissue concentrations of proteins based on the plasma pharmacokinetics. We have previously established the BC values for monoclonal antibodies. Here, this concept is extended by development of a relationship between protein size and BC values. The relationship was built by deriving the BC values for various antibody fragments of known molecular weight from published biodistribution studies. We found that there exists a simple exponential relationship between molecular weight and BC values that allows the prediction of tissue distribution of proteins based on molecular weight alone. The relationship was validated by a priori predicting BC values of 4 antibody fragments that were not used in building the relationship. The relationship was also used to derive BC50 values for all the tissues, which is the molecular weight increase that would result in 50% reduction in tissue uptake of a protein. The BC50 values for most tissues were found to be ~35 kDa. An ability to estimate tissue distribution of antibody fragments based on the BC vs. molecular size relationship established here may allow better understanding of the biologics concentrations in tissues responsible for efficacy or toxicity. This relationship can also be applied for rational development of new biotherapeutic modalities with optimal biodistribution properties to target (or avoid) specific tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences ; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; The State University of New York at Buffalo ; Buffalo ; NY.,d These authors contributed equally
| | - Ben-Fillippo Krippendorff
- b Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development; Pharmaceutical Sciences; Quantitative Systems Pharmacology; Roche Innovation Center Basel ; CH - 4070; Basel.,d These authors contributed equally
| | - Sharad Sharma
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences ; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; The State University of New York at Buffalo ; Buffalo ; NY
| | - Antje C Walz
- b Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development; Pharmaceutical Sciences; Quantitative Systems Pharmacology; Roche Innovation Center Basel ; CH - 4070; Basel
| | - Thierry Lavé
- c Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development; Pharmaceutical Sciences; Project Leaders and M&S; Roche Innovation Center Basel ; CH - 4070 Basel
| | - Dhaval K Shah
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences ; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; The State University of New York at Buffalo ; Buffalo ; NY
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148
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Rosestedt M, Andersson KG, Mitran B, Tolmachev V, Löfblom J, Orlova A, Ståhl S. Affibody-mediated PET imaging of HER3 expression in malignant tumours. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15226. [PMID: 26477646 PMCID: PMC4609989 DOI: 10.1038/srep15226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is involved in the progression of various cancers and in resistance to therapies targeting the HER family. In vivo imaging of HER3 expression would enable patient stratification for anti-HER3 immunotherapy. Key challenges with HER3-targeting are the relatively low expression in HER3-positive tumours and HER3 expression in normal tissues. The use of positron-emission tomography (PET) provides advantages of high resolution, sensitivity and quantification accuracy compared to SPECT. Affibody molecules, imaging probes based on a non-immunoglobulin scaffold, provide high imaging contrast shortly after injection. The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility of PET imaging of HER3 expression using (68)Ga-labeled affibody molecules. The anti-HER3 affibody molecule HEHEHE-Z08698-NOTA was successfully labelled with (68)Ga with high yield, purity and stability. The agent bound specifically to HER3-expressing cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. At 3 h pi, uptake of (68)Ga-HEHEHE-Z08698-NOTA was significantly higher in xenografts with high HER3 expression (BT474, BxPC-3) than in xenografts with low HER3 expression (A431). In xenografts with high expression, tumour-to-blood ratios were >20, tumour-to-muscle >15, and tumour-to-bone >7. HER3-positive xenografts were visualised using microPET 3 h pi. In conclusion, PET imaging of HER3 expression is feasible using (68)Ga-HEHEHE-Z08698-NOTA shortly after administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosestedt
- Preclinical PET Platform, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ken G Andersson
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bogdan Mitran
- Preclinical PET Platform, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Löfblom
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Preclinical PET Platform, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Ståhl
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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149
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Potential Biomarkers for Radiation-Induced Renal Toxicity following 177Lu-Octreotate Administration in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136204. [PMID: 26287527 PMCID: PMC4546116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidneys are one of the main dose-limiting organs in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy and due to large inter-individual variations in renal toxicity, biomarkers are urgently needed in order to optimize therapy and reduce renal tissue damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the transcriptional, functional, and morphological effects on renal tissue after 177Lu-octreotate administration in normal mice, and to identify biomarkers for radiation induced renal toxicity.
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150
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Jia Y, Shi W, Zhou Z, Wagh NK, Fan W, Brusnahan SK, Garrison JC. Evaluation of DOTA-chelated neurotensin analogs with spacer-enhanced biological performance for neurotensin-receptor-1-positive tumor targeting. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 42:816-23. [PMID: 26302836 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1) is overexpressed in many cancer types. Neurotensin (NT), a 13 amino acid peptide, is the native ligand for NTR1 and exhibits high (nM) affinity to the receptor. Many laboratories have been investigating the development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals for NTR1-positive cancers based on the NT peptide. To improve the biological performance for targeting NTR1, we proposed NT analogs with a 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) chelation system and different lengths of spacers. METHODS We synthesized four NTR1-targeted conjugates with spacer lengths from 0 to 9 atoms (null (N0), β-Ala-OH (N1), 5-Ava-OH (N2), and 8-Aoc-OH (N3)) between the DOTA and the pharmacophore. In vitro competitive binding, internalization and efflux studies were performed on all four NT analogs. Based on these findings, metabolism studies were carried out on our best performing conjugate, (177)Lu-N1. Lastly, in vivo biodistribution and SPECT/CT imaging studies were performed using (177)Lu-N1 in an HT-29 xenograft mouse model. RESULTS As shown in the competitive binding assays, the NT analogs with different spacers (N1, N2 and N3) exhibited lower IC50 values than the NT analog without a spacer (N0). Furthermore, N1 revealed higher retention in HT-29 cells with more rapid internalization and slower efflux than the other NT analogs. In vivo biodistribution and SPECT/CT imaging studies of (177)Lu-N1 demonstrated excellent accumulation (3.1 ± 0.4%ID/g) in the NTR1-positive tumors at 4h post-administration. CONCLUSIONS The DOTA chelation system demonstrated some modest steric inhibition of the pharmacophore. However, the insertion of a 4-atom hydrocarbon spacer group restored optimal binding affinity of the analog. The in vivo assays indicated that (177)Lu-N1 could be used for imaging and radiotherapy of NTR1-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinnong Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA, 68198-5830
| | - Wen Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA, 68198-5830
| | - Zhengyuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA, 68198-5830
| | - Nilesh K Wagh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA, 68198-5830
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA, 68198-5830
| | - Susan K Brusnahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA, 68198-5830
| | - Jered C Garrison
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA, 68198-5830.
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