101
|
Alterations in Intramedullary T2-weighted Increased Signal Intensity following Laminoplasty in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Patients: Comparison Between Pre- and Postoperative Magnetic Resonance Images. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2018; 43:1595-1601. [PMID: 29649088 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A prospective comparative imaging study. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether the postoperative classification of and alterations in increased signal intensity (ISI) of the spinal cord reflected the postoperative severity of symptoms and surgical outcomes in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) patients. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Although ISI on performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is observed in CSM patients, alterations in ISI have not been investigated. The association of postoperative ISI with surgical outcomes in CSM patients remains controversial. METHODS Totally, 505 consecutive CSM patients (311 males) with a mean age of 66.6 (range, 41-91) years were enrolled. All were treated with laminoplasty and underwent MRI scans: preoperatively and after an average of 26.5 months postoperatively (range 12-66 months). ISI was classified pre- and postoperatively into three groups based on sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance images: Grade 0, none; Grade 1, light (obscure); and Grade 2, intense (bright). The patients' pre- and postoperative neurological statuses were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system for cervical myelopathy (JOA score) and other quantifiable tests, including the 10-s grip and release (10-s G&R) test and 10-s step test. RESULTS Preoperatively, 168 patients had Grade 0 ISI, 169 had Grade 1, and 168 had Grade 2; postoperatively, 210 patients had Grade 0 ISI, 94 had Grade 1, and 201 had Grade 2. Patients with postoperative Grade 0 ISI had a better postoperative JOA score, recovery rate, and 10-s G&R and 10-s step test scores than those with other grades. The postoperative ISI grade improved in 66 patients (13.1%), worsened in 57 (11.3%), and remained unchanged in 382 (75.6%). CONCLUSION Postoperative ISI partially reflects postoperative symptoms and surgical outcomes. Alterations in ISI were observed postoperatively in 123 patients (24.4%) and were not correlated with surgical outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
Collapse
|
102
|
Moll LT, Kindt MW, Stapelfeldt CM, Jensen TS. Degenerative findings on MRI of the cervical spine: an inter- and intra-rater reliability study. Chiropr Man Therap 2018; 26:43. [PMID: 30356854 PMCID: PMC6190655 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-018-0210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge about the assessment reliability of common cervical spine changes is a prerequisite for precise and consistent communication about Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings. The purpose of this study was to determine the inter- and intra-rater reliability of degenerative findings when assessing cervical spine MRI. Methods Fifty cervical spine MRIs from subjects with neck pain were used. A radiologist, a chiropractor and a second-year resident of rheumatology independently assessed kyphosis, disc height, disc contour, vertebral endplate signal changes, spinal canal stenosis, neural foraminal stenosis, and osteoarthritis of the uncovertebral and zygapophyseal joints. An evaluation manual was composed containing classifications and illustrative examples, and ten of the MRIs were evaluated twice followed by consensus meetings to refine the classifications. Next, the three readers independently assessed the full sample. Reliability measures were reported using prevalence estimates and unweighted kappa (Κ) statistics. Results The overall inter-rater reliability was substantial (Κ ≥ 0.61) for the majority of variables and moderate only for zygapophyseal osteoarthritis (Κ = 0.56). Intra-rater reliability estimates were higher for all findings. Conclusions The present classifications for some of the most common cervical degenerative findings yielded mainly substantial inter-rater reliability estimates and substantial to almost perfect intra-rater reliability estimates. . Trial registration Regional Data Protection Agency (J.no. 1-16-02-86-16). The letter of exemption from the Regional Ethical Committee is available from the author on request (case no. 86 / 2017).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Line Thorndal Moll
- 1DEFACTUM, Central Denmark Region, P.P. Oerums Gade 11, bygn. 1B, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,2Section of Clinical Social Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, P.P. Oerums Gade 9-11, bygn. 1B, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Spine Centre, Diagnostic Centre, University Research Clinic for Innovative Patient Pathways, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Falkevej 1-3, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Morten Wasmod Kindt
- Department for Diagnostic Imaging, Diagnostic Centre, University Research Clinic for Innovative Patient Pathways, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Falkevej 1-3, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Christina Malmose Stapelfeldt
- 1DEFACTUM, Central Denmark Region, P.P. Oerums Gade 11, bygn. 1B, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,2Section of Clinical Social Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, P.P. Oerums Gade 9-11, bygn. 1B, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tue Secher Jensen
- Department for Diagnostic Imaging, Diagnostic Centre, University Research Clinic for Innovative Patient Pathways, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Falkevej 1-3, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.,5Nordic Institute of Chiropractic and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Case-control. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to understand the role of high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) in identifying regional cord volume loss in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Preliminary studies suggest that compression of the ventral region of the cord may contribute disproportionately to CSM symptomology; however, tract-specific data are lacking in the CSM population. The current study is the first to use 3T MR imaging (MRI) images of CSM patients to determine specific volume loss at the level of detail of individual descending white matter tracts. METHODS Twelve patients with CSM and 14 age-matched were enrolled prospectively and underwent 3-Tesla MRI of the cervical spine. Using the high-resolution images of the spinal cord, straightening and alignment with a template was performed and specific spinal cord tract volumes were measured using Spinal Cord Tool-box version 3.0.7. Modified Japanese orthopedic association (mJOA) and Nurick disability scores were collected in a prospective manner and were analyzed in relation to descending spinal tract volumes. RESULTS Having CSM was predicted by anterior/posterior diameter, eccentricity of the cord [odds ratio (OR) 0.000000621, P = 0.004], ventral reticulospinal tract volume (OR 1.167, P = 0.063), lateral corticospinal tract volume (OR 1.034, P = 0.046), rubrospinal tract volume (OR 1.072, P = 0.011), and ventrolateral reticulospinal tract volume (OR 1.474, P = 0.005) on single variable logistic regression. Single variable linear regression showed decreases in anterior/posterior spinal cord diameter (P = 0.022), ventral reticulospinal tract volumes (P = 0.007), and ventrolateral reticulospinal tract volumes (P = 0.017) to significantly predict worsening mJOA scores. Similarly, decreases in ventral reticulospinal tract volumes significantly predicted increasing Nurick scores (P = 0.039). CONCLUSION High-resolution 3T MRI can detect tract-specific volume loss in descending spinal cord tracts in CSM patients. Anterior/posterior spinal cord diameter, ventral reticulospinal tract, ventrolateral reticulospinal tract, lateral corticospinal tract, and rubrospinal tract volume loss are associated with CSM symptoms. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
Collapse
|
104
|
Witiw CD, Mathieu F, Nouri A, Fehlings MG. Clinico-Radiographic Discordance: An Evidence-Based Commentary on the Management of Degenerative Cervical Spinal Cord Compression in the Absence of Symptoms or With Only Mild Symptoms of Myelopathy. Global Spine J 2018; 8:527-534. [PMID: 30258760 PMCID: PMC6149046 DOI: 10.1177/2192568217745519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Narrative review with commentary. OBJECTIVES The growing use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) often leaves clinicians faced with scenarios where imaging findings are inconsistent with the clinical picture. This is particularly relevant for degenerative cervical spinal cord compression (CSCC). In this article, we provide a focused narrative literature review to address whether (1) surgery should be offered to asymptomatic patients with CSCC and (2) should MRI spinal cord signal changes influence clinical decisions for a patient with mild myelopathy from CSCC? METHODS Illustrative cases are presented with expert commentary which is supplemented by a focused literature review. RESULTS The literature suggests that CSCC from degenerative pathology is a common incidental radiographic finding. For those without symptoms of myelopathy, the short-term risk of progression is low. There is a lack of evidence to support surgery for asymptomatic individuals with CSCC who have no risk factors for progression. For these patients, the authors suggest non-operative management that includes education on the symptoms of myelopathy, clinical follow-up within 6 to 12 months, and avoidance of high-risk activities. Conversely, symptomatic patients have a notable risk of progression. Surgical intervention improves neurological function and quality of life regardless of severity. The authors support surgery as an option for all patients with mild myelopathy who are appropriate operative candidates. Intramedullary signal change on MRI has not been shown to reliably predict progression. CONCLUSIONS While MRI technologies are under evolution, we advise that surgical decisions for patients with CSCC should rely on clinical assessment and not imaging findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aria Nouri
- Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Michael G. Fehlings, Toronto Western Hospital, 399
Bathurst Street, 4WW-449, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Zheng W, Chen H, Wang N, Liang Y, Xiao W, Xiong W, Zhong B, Ju H, Luo J, Jiang X, Wen S. Application of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Cutoff Value to Evaluate the Severity and Postoperative Neurologic Recovery of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy. World Neurosurg 2018; 118:e849-e855. [PMID: 30026160 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the assessment of spinal cord status for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) also is a novel investigation tool with good sensitivity to detect changes in CSM, but it is not routinely used in spinal cord evaluation. METHODS Sixty-six patients with CSM who required surgical decompression were included. All the patients were divided into 4 subgroups according to Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) recovery rate. A 3.0T MR system was applied to obtain DTI of the spinal cord. Clinical assessment was performed with the JOA scores system. RESULTS DTI data of 61 patients were available for further analysis in this study. No significant differences in age, sex, cervical curvature, surgical approach, and preoperative JOA score between the 4 subgroups were found (P > 0.05). Significant differences in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) (P < 0.0001), mean diffusivity (MD), (P < 0.0001), axial diffusivity (AD) (P = 0.0459), and radial diffusivity (RD) (P < 0.0001) values were found between the 4 groups. The ADC (P < 0.0001), MD (P < 0.0001), AD (P = 0.0434), and RD (P < 0.0001) values were significantly correlated with JOA recovery rate. Cutoff values of ADC, MD, AD, and RD in this study were 1.378*10-3, 1.378*10-3, 2.386*10-3, and 0.894*10-3 mm2/s, respectively. CONCLUSION DTI was closely related to the severity of CSM, and cutoff values of DTI enabled the surgeons to predict the surgical outcomes in patients with CSM. These evaluation metrics may reflect the pathologic conditions of the spinal cord quantitatively, and potentially evaluate the functional status of spinal cords.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - YingJie Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wende Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Xiong
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bofu Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Ju
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junnan Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifeng Wen
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Wei L, Cao P, Xu C, Wu H, Hu B, Tian Y, Yuan W. Comparison of the Prognostic Value of Different Quantitative Measurements of Increased Signal Intensity on T2-Weighted MRI in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy. World Neurosurg 2018; 118:e505-e512. [PMID: 30257303 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.06.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether different quantitative measurements of increased signal intensity (ISI) on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging are useful for predicting surgical outcome in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 108 patients with ISI who underwent surgery for CSM. Clinical outcome was evaluated via the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and the recovery rate. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the JOA recovery rate: good (≥50%) and fair (<50%). The quantitative measurements of ISI included the maximum vertical length and the signal change ratio (SCR). C2-C7 sagittal alignment, C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis, C2-C7 range of motion, maximum spinal cord compression, and maximum canal compromise also were assessed. RESULTS There were no significant differences in cervical sagittal alignment parameters between the groups. Multivariate analysis showed that a longer duration of symptoms, a lower preoperative JOA score, a longer preoperative ISI length, and a greater preoperative SCR were negatively associated with clinical outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the best cutoff values of ISI length and SCR as negative predictors of surgical outcome were 15.50 mm and 1.56, respectively, and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of preoperative ISI length, SCR that discriminate recovery rate of JOA score (≥50%, <50%) were 0.8507, 0.8422, respectively, and was 0.8903 for a combination of the 2. CONCLUSIONS Duration of symptoms, preoperative JOA score, preoperative ISI length, and SCR can reflect surgical outcome in patients with CSM; however, cervical sagittal alignment may not affect surgical outcome. Combining ISI length and SCR to depict ISI on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging is optimal and accurate. Patients with ISI length >15.50 mm and SCR >1.56 have fair surgical recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leixin Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiqiao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wen Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Postoperative Resolution of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signal Intensity Changes and the Associated Impact on Outcomes in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Analysis of a Global Cohort of Patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2018; 43:824-831. [PMID: 28953706 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Subanalysis of the prospective AOSpine CSM North America and International studies. OBJECTIVE To describe the postoperative changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) spinal cord signal intensity in degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) patients and to investigate the impact of its postoperative resolution on clinical outcomes. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA When examining the spinal cord, hyperintensity found in MRI T2-weighted images and hypointensity in T1-weighted images are known to correlate with preoperative severity of DCM and to predict postoperative neurological recovery. However, the clinical importance of these signal intensity changes in postoperative images has not been established. METHODS Among 757 surgical DCM patients enrolled in two prospective multicenter studies, postoperative MRI images obtained between 6 and 24 months after the operation were examined with a focus on T2 hyper- and T1 hypointensity in the spinal cord. The 2-year postoperative Nurick grade, modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association score and modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association recovery rate (RR) were analyzed between patients with or without resolution of signal intensity changes. RESULTS A total of 167 patients with preoperative T2 hyperintensity were included with complete postoperative MRI images. Of these patients, 11% showed resolution of signal intensity changes, 70% retained T2 hyperintensity only, and 19% showed both T2 hyper- and T1 hypointensity postoperatively. There was a stepwise trend toward worse postoperative outcomes, with the no signal intensity change group showing the best outcome and the T1 hypointensity group showing the worst (mean RR: 72% vs. 51% vs. 36%, P = 0.02). Patients who exhibited resolution of T2 hyperintensity showed better outcomes than those who retained it (RR: 72% vs. 47%, P = 0.04), but the resolution of T1 hypointensity was not associated with improved outcomes (RR: 38% vs. 26%, P = 0.36). CONCLUSION Postoperative resolution of T2 hyperintensity in patients with DCM was associated with the best clinical outcomes, whereas those with T1 hypointensity showed the worst. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
Collapse
|
108
|
Chen WH, Jin W, Lyu PY, Liu Y, Li R, Hu M, Xiao XJ. Carotid Atherosclerosis and Cognitive Impairment in Nonstroke Patients. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:2375-2379. [PMID: 28937045 PMCID: PMC5634090 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.215331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: As a vascular risk factor, carotid atherosclerosis is crucial to cognitive impairment. While carotid intima-media thickness, carotid artery plaque, and carotid stenosis can reflect carotid atherosclerosis in different stages, this review aimed to explore researches on the role of carotid intima-media thickness, carotid artery plaque, and carotid stenosis in the progress of cognitive impairment in nonstroke patients and tried to illustrate the possible mechanisms. Data Sources: We searched the PubMed database for recently published research articles up to July 2017, with the key words of “carotid atherosclerosis,” “carotid intima-media thickness,” “carotid plaque,” “carotid stenosis,” “nonstroke,” and “cognitive impairment.” Study Selection: Articles were obtained and reviewed to analyze the role of carotid atherosclerosis such as carotid intima-thickness, carotid plaque, and carotid stenosis in the progress of cognitive impairment in nonstroke patients and the possible mechanisms. Results: In recent years, most studies proved that by evaluating carotid atherosclerosis with ultrasonography, carotid atherosclerosis accounts for the development of cognitive decline in nonstroke patients. Carotid atherosclerosis not only impairs the subtle general cognitive function but also decreases the specific domains of cognitive function, such as memory, motor function, visual perception, attention, and executive function. But, it is still controversial. The possible mechanisms of cognitive impairment in nonstroke patients with carotid atherosclerosis can be classified as systemic global cerebrovascular function, small-vessel diseases, and the mixed lesions. Conclusions: Carotid atherosclerosis can be used to predict the risk of cognitive impairment. Furthermore, diagnosing and treating carotid atherosclerosis at early stage might help clinicians prevent and treat vascular cognitive impairment in nonstroke patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hong Chen
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University; Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Lyu
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University; Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University; Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Rui Li
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University; Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Xiang-Jian Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Martin AR, De Leener B, Cohen-Adad J, Cadotte DW, Nouri A, Wilson JR, Tetreault L, Crawley AP, Mikulis DJ, Ginsberg H, Fehlings MG. Can microstructural MRI detect subclinical tissue injury in subjects with asymptomatic cervical spinal cord compression? A prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019809. [PMID: 29654015 PMCID: PMC5905727 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) involves extrinsic spinal cord compression causing tissue injury and neurological dysfunction. Asymptomatic spinal cord compression (ASCC) is more common, but its significance is poorly defined. This study investigates if: (1) ASCC can be automatically diagnosed using spinal cord shape analysis; (2) multiparametric quantitative MRI can detect similar spinal cord tissue injury as previously observed in DCM. DESIGN Prospective observational longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Single centre, tertiary care and research institution. PARTICIPANTS 40 neurologically intact subjects (19 female, 21 male) divided into groups with and without ASCC. INTERVENTIONS None. OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical assessments: modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association score and physical examination. 3T MRI assessments: automated morphometric analysis compared with consensus ratings of spinal cord compression, and measures of tissue injury: cross-sectional area, diffusion fractional anisotropy, magnetisation transfer ratio and T2*-weighted imaging white to grey matter signal intensity ratio (T2*WI WM/GM) extracted from rostral (C1-3), caudal (C6-7) and maximally compressed levels. RESULTS ASCC was present in 20/40 subjects. Diagnosis with automated shape analysis showed area under the curve >97%. Five MRI metrics showed differences suggestive of tissue injury in ASCC compared with uncompressed subjects (p<0.05), while a composite of all 10 measures (average of z scores) showed highly significant differences (p=0.002). At follow-up (median 21 months), two ASCC subjects developed DCM. CONCLUSIONS ASCC appears to be common and can be accurately and objectively diagnosed with automated morphometric analysis. Quantitative MRI appears to detect subclinical tissue injury in ASCC prior to the onset of neurological symptoms and signs. These findings require further validation, but offer the intriguing possibility of presymptomatic diagnosis and treatment of DCM and other spinal pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan R Martin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin De Leener
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julien Cohen-Adad
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - David W Cadotte
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aria Nouri
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jefferson R Wilson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay Tetreault
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Adrian P Crawley
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J Mikulis
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard Ginsberg
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Clinical and Radiologic Results of Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy in Elderly Patients with T2-Weighted Increased Signal Intensity. World Neurosurg 2018; 112:e520-e526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
111
|
Image Diagnostic Classification of Magnetic Resonance T2 Increased Signal Intensity in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: Clinical Evaluation Using Quantitative and Objective Assessment. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2018; 43:420-426. [PMID: 28704332 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A prospective imaging study. OBJECTIVE The study investigated whether the classification of increased signal intensity (ISI) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reflects the severity of symptoms in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Although the ISI on MRI in patients with CSM is observed, the degree of ISI has not been examined. The association between ISI and the surgical outcomes in cervical myelopathy remains controversial. METHODS A total of 505 consecutive patients with CSM (311 males; 194 females) were enrolled. The mean age was 66.6 years (range, 41-91 yrs), with an average postoperative follow-up period of 26.5 ± 12.5 months. The ISI was classified into three groups based on sagittal T2-weighted MRI as follows: Grade 0, none; Grade 1, light (obscure); and Grade 2, intense (bright). Pre- and postoperative neurological status was evaluated using the Japanese Orthopedic Association scoring system for cervical myelopathy (JOA score) and quantifiable tests, including the 10-s grip and release test (10-s G&R test) and the 10-s step test. RESULTS The preoperative MRI showed 168 patients in Grade 0, 169 patients in Grade 1, and 168 in Grade 2, with no age differences among three groups. Grade 2 patients had a longer duration of symptom compared with the other grades. Grade 0 patients had a better postoperative JOA score and recovery rate compared with the other grades. The preoperative and postoperative scores in the G&R test and steps were better in the Grade 0 patients compared with the other grades. Grade 1 and 2 patients had similar outcomes and recovery rates. CONCLUSION ISI on MRI in patients with CSM was prospectively classified into three grades. The ISI grading was not associated with the preoperative severity of myelopathy and outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
Collapse
|
112
|
The Relationship Between MRI Signal Intensity Changes, Clinical Presentation, and Surgical Outcome in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Analysis of a Global Cohort. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2017; 42:1851-1858. [PMID: 28498290 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of prospective data. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between MRI signal intensity changes, clinical presentation, and surgical outcome in degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Several studies have sought to assess the extent of spinal cord dysfunction and the potential for postoperative neurological recovery through the evaluation of spinal cord signal change on T2-weighted (T2WI) and T1-weighted images (T1WI). There remains ambiguity if T2WI and T1WI signal changes (1) relate to baseline severity, and (2) predict neurological recovery after surgical treatment. METHODS Four hundred nineteen MRIs from two prospective multicenter studies were examined. Images were assessed for the presence, levels, and location of spinal cord signal intensity changes and compared with clinical data. Signal changes were also evaluated for the prediction of 2-year postoperative outcome using mJOA parameters. RESULTS MRIs were categorized by T1WI and T2WI signal change: no signal change (28.9%), T2WI hyperintensity-only (T2WI-only, 51.8%), and T2WI-hyperintensity and T1WI-hypointensity (T1WI+T2WI, 19.3%). T2WI-hyperintensity was present at multiple levels in 27% of patients overall. Baseline severity increased from no signal change to T2WI-only to T2WI+T1WI (P < 0.0001), and there was an incremental increase in the frequency of signs/symptoms. There were no differences in outcomes between no signal change and T2WI-only groups. The presence of T1WI-hypointensity correlated with reduced recovery ratio (P = 0.03) and likelihood of an optimal surgical outcome (P = 0.005), adjusting for baseline mJOA. A greater number of T2WI-hyperintensity levels was also associated with worse baseline severity (P < 0.0001) and recovery ratio (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION This analysis of a global cohort of DCM patients shows a stepwise trend toward increasing impairment from no signal change to T2WI-hypertensity to T1WI-hypointensity. T1WI signal change indicates more permanent injury, portending decreased functional recovery. T2WI-hyperintensity alone does not predict outcomes. Multiple levels of T2WI-hyperintensity suggest additional tissue injury, correlating with worse clinical impairment and recovery potential. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
Collapse
|
113
|
Kadanka Z, Adamova B, Kerkovsky M, Kadanka Z, Dusek L, Jurova B, Vlckova E, Bednarik J. Predictors of symptomatic myelopathy in degenerative cervical spinal cord compression. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00797. [PMID: 28948090 PMCID: PMC5607559 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To update a previously established list of predictors for neurological cervical cord dysfunction in nonmyelopathic degenerative cervical cord compression (NMDCCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective observational follow-up study was performed in a cohort of 112 consecutive NMDCCC subjects (55 women and 57 men; median age 59 years, range 40-79 years), either asymptomatic (40 subjects) or presenting with cervical radiculopathy or cervical pain (72 subjects), who had completed a follow-up of at least 2 years (median duration 3 years). Development of clinical signs of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) as the main outcome was monitored and correlated with a large number of demographic, clinical, electrophysiological, and MRI parameters including diffusion tensor imaging characteristics (DTI) established at entry. RESULTS Clinical evidence of the first signs and symptoms of DCM were found in 15 patients (13.4%). Development of DCM was associated with several parameters, including the clinical (radiculopathy, prolonged gait and run-time), electrophysiological (SEP, MEP and EMG signs of cervical cord dysfunction), and MRI (anteroposterior diameter of the cervical cord and cervical canal, cross-sectional area, compression ratio, type of compression, T2 hyperintensity). DTI parameters showed no significant predictive power. Multivariate analysis showed that radiculopathy, cross-sectional area (CSA) ≤ 70.1 mm2, and compression ratio (CR) ≤ 0.4 were the only independent significant predictors for progression into symptomatic myelopathy. CONCLUSIONS In addition to previously described independent predictors of DCM development (radiculopathy and electrophysiological dysfunction of cervical cord), MRI parameters, namely CSA and CR, should also be considered as significant predictors for development of DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Kadanka
- Department of Neurology University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Adamova
- Department of Neurology University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic.,Applied Neurosciences Research Group Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University Brno Brno Czech Republic
| | - Milos Kerkovsky
- Department of Radiology University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kadanka
- Department of Neurology University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Dusek
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno Brno Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Jurova
- Department of Radiology University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic
| | - Eva Vlckova
- Department of Neurology University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic.,Applied Neurosciences Research Group Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University Brno Brno Czech Republic
| | - Josef Bednarik
- Department of Neurology University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic.,Applied Neurosciences Research Group Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University Brno Brno Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
MRI Analysis of the Combined Prospectively Collected AOSpine North America and International Data: The Prevalence and Spectrum of Pathologies in a Global Cohort of Patients With Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2017; 42:1058-1067. [PMID: 27861250 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000001981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN An ambispective analysis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to report the global prevalence of specific degenerative cervical pathologies in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) through detailed review of magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA DCM encompasses a spectrum of age-related conditions that result in progressive spinal cord injury. METHODS MRIs of 458 patients (age 56.4 ± 11.8, 285 male, 173 female) were reviewed for specific degenerative features, directionality of cord compression, levels of spinal cord compression, and signal changes on sagittal T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and sagittal T1-weighted imaging (T1WI). Data were analyzed for differences between sex using Chi-square tests and geographic variations using Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS Spondylosis was frequently present (89.7%) and was commonly accompanied by enlargement of the ligamentum flavum (LF) (59.9%). Single-level disc pathology, ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), and spondylolisthesis had a prevalence of ∼10% each. OPLL was accompanied by spondylosis in 91.7%. Klippel-Feil syndrome was observed in 2.0%. The Asia-Pacific region had more OPLL (29%, P = 3 × 10) and less spondylolisthesis (1.9%, P = 0.002). Females presented more commonly with single-level disc pathology (13.9% vs. 6.7%; P = 0.013), and males with spondylosis (92.3% vs. 85.6%; P = 0.02) and enlargement of LF (61.4% vs. 49.1%; P = 0.01). C5 to C6 was the most frequent maximum compressed site (39.5%) and region for T2WI hyperintensity (38.9%). T2WI hyperintensity more commonly presented in males (82.4% vs. 66.7%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This is the largest report on the prevalence and spectrum of pathology in patients with DCM. Herein, it has been demonstrated that degenerative features are highly interrelated, that females presented with milder MRI evidence of DCM, and that variations exist in the prevalence of pathologies between geographical regions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
Collapse
|
115
|
Jutzeler CR, Ulrich A, Huber B, Rosner J, Kramer JL, Curt A. Improved Diagnosis of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy with Contact Heat Evoked Potentials. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:2045-2053. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anett Ulrich
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Huber
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Rosner
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John L.K. Kramer
- ICORD, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Armin Curt
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Takeshima Y, Matsuoka R, Nakagawa I, Nishimura F, Nakase H. Surgical Outcome of Laminoplasty for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy in an Elderly Population - Potentiality for Effective Early Surgical Intervention: A Meta-analysis. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2017; 57:366-373. [PMID: 28529246 PMCID: PMC5566709 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.ra.2016-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine differences in surgical outcomes of laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) between elderly and non-elderly patients. PubMed and Google Scholar searches were performed using several key words and phrases related to cervical laminoplasty in elderly populations. Included studies were written in English, addressed laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy, and evaluated outcomes of the treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using a random-effect model. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using Cochran's Q statistic and I2 statistic, and a funnel plot was constructed to evaluate publication bias. The search initially identified 255 articles on this topic. Nine clinical studies that met all inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 1817 patients in these studies underwent cervical laminoplasty. Elderly patients had lower preoperative and postoperative Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores, and lower recovery rates based on JOA scores. Shorter operation times and reductions in intraoperative blood loss were found in the elderly group compared to the non-elderly group. The incidence of C5 palsy was not different between these groups. We here report the differences in surgical outcomes of laminoplasty for CSM through systematic review and meta-analysis. This report found poor surgical outcomes and lower preoperative JOA scores in elderly patients. Therefore, early surgical intervention may be recommended in elderly patients with CSM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryuta Matsuoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine
| | | | - Hiroyuki Nakase
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Martin AR, De Leener B, Cohen-Adad J, Cadotte DW, Kalsi-Ryan S, Lange SF, Tetreault L, Nouri A, Crawley A, Mikulis DJ, Ginsberg H, Fehlings MG. A Novel MRI Biomarker of Spinal Cord White Matter Injury: T2*-Weighted White Matter to Gray Matter Signal Intensity Ratio. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:1266-1273. [PMID: 28428212 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE T2*-weighted imaging provides sharp contrast between spinal cord GM and WM, allowing their segmentation and cross-sectional area measurement. Injured WM demonstrates T2*WI hyperintensity but requires normalization for quantitative use. We introduce T2*WI WM/GM signal-intensity ratio and compare it against cross-sectional area, the DTI metric fractional anisotropy, and magnetization transfer ratio in degenerative cervical myelopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-eight patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy and 40 healthy subjects underwent 3T MR imaging, covering C1-C7. Metrics were automatically extracted at maximally compressed and uncompressed rostral/caudal levels. Normalized metrics were compared with t tests, area under the curve, and logistic regression. Relationships with clinical measures were analyzed by using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression. RESULTS The maximally compressed level cross-sectional area demonstrated superior differences (P = 1 × 10-13), diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve = 0.890), and univariate correlation with the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score (0.66). T2*WI WM/GM showed strong differences (rostral: P = 8 × 10-7; maximally compressed level: P = 1 × 10-11; caudal: P = 1 × 10-4), correlations (modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score; rostral: -0.52; maximally compressed level: -0.59; caudal: -0.36), and diagnostic accuracy (rostral: 0.775; maximally compressed level: 0.860; caudal: 0.721), outperforming fractional anisotropy and magnetization transfer ratio in most comparisons and cross-sectional area at rostral/caudal levels. Rostral T2*WI WM/GM showed the strongest correlations with focal motor (-0.45) and sensory (-0.49) deficits and was the strongest independent predictor of the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score (P = .01) and diagnosis (P = .02) in multivariate models (R2 = 0.59, P = 8 × 10-13; area under the curve = 0.954, respectively). CONCLUSIONS T2*WI WM/GM shows promise as a novel biomarker of WM injury. It detects damage in compressed and uncompressed regions and contributes substantially to multivariate models for diagnosis and correlation with impairment. Our multiparametric approach overcomes limitations of individual measures, having the potential to improve diagnostics, monitor progression, and predict outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Martin
- From the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (A.R.M., D.W.C., S.K.-R., L.T., A.N., H.G., M.G.F.)
| | - B De Leener
- Polytechnique Montreal (B.D.L., J.C.-A.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Cohen-Adad
- Polytechnique Montreal (B.D.L., J.C.-A.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Functional Neuroimaging Unit (J.C.-A.), Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D W Cadotte
- From the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (A.R.M., D.W.C., S.K.-R., L.T., A.N., H.G., M.G.F.)
| | - S Kalsi-Ryan
- From the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (A.R.M., D.W.C., S.K.-R., L.T., A.N., H.G., M.G.F.)
| | - S F Lange
- University of Groningen (S.F.L.), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - L Tetreault
- From the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (A.R.M., D.W.C., S.K.-R., L.T., A.N., H.G., M.G.F.)
| | - A Nouri
- From the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (A.R.M., D.W.C., S.K.-R., L.T., A.N., H.G., M.G.F.)
| | - A Crawley
- Department of Medical Imaging (A.C., D.J.M.), University of Toronto and the University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D J Mikulis
- Department of Medical Imaging (A.C., D.J.M.), University of Toronto and the University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H Ginsberg
- From the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (A.R.M., D.W.C., S.K.-R., L.T., A.N., H.G., M.G.F.)
| | - M G Fehlings
- From the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (A.R.M., D.W.C., S.K.-R., L.T., A.N., H.G., M.G.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Congenital Cervical Fusion as a Risk Factor for Development of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy. World Neurosurg 2017; 100:531-539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
119
|
Spinal Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Evaluation of Preoperative and Postoperative Severity of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: Systematic Review of Literature. World Neurosurg 2017; 99:150-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
120
|
Zhao M, Shi B, Chen T, Zhang Y, Geng T, Qiao L, Zhang M, He L, Zuo H, Wang G. Axial MR diffusion tensor imaging and tractography in clinical diagnosed and pathology confirmed cervical spinal cord astrocytoma. J Neurol Sci 2017; 375:43-51. [PMID: 28320182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) features of cervical spinal cord astrocytoma. METHODS Eleven patients with cervical spinal cord astrocytomas and 10 healthy volunteers were recruited in this study. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and axial DTI were performed on a 3.0T MRI system. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) values for the lesions were measured. DTT was performed using the principal diffusion direction method. RESULTS ADC values of the lesions and the normal-appearing tissue around the tumour (NATAT) on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) increased. The ADC values of the lesions were higher. The FA values of the lesions and the NATAT decreased significantly, with the lesions having lower FA values. The RD value (1.36±0.49) of the tumours was significantly higher than those found in the healthy controls, but similar for the AD value (1.84±0.56). There were no differences in ADC or FA values between lesions and NATAT in McCormick Type I vs. Type II patients. Based on the DTT, 7 patients with solid mass tumours were classified as Type I. One patient with a solid mass, 2 patients with cystic degeneration inside the lesions, and 1 patient with a cyst around the mass were classified as Type II. CONCLUSIONS FA values of the cervical spinal cord astrocytoma decreased, but the ADC values increased. DTI was sensitive for the evaluation of pathological changes that could not be visualized on T2WI. Our preliminary study indicates that DTT can be used to guide operation planning, and that axial images of DTT may be more valuable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mangsuo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Yuquan Hospital, Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100040, PR China
| | - Bingxin Shi
- Department of Neurology, Yuquan Hospital, Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100040, PR China
| | - Tuoyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital, Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100040, PR China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital, Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100040, PR China
| | - Tongchao Geng
- Department of Neurology, Yuquan Hospital, Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100040, PR China
| | - Liyan Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Yuquan Hospital, Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100040, PR China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Le He
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Huancong Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital, Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100040, PR China.
| | - Guihuai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changgung Hospital, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Maki S, Koda M, Saito J, Takahashi S, Inada T, Kamiya K, Ota M, Iijima Y, Masuda Y, Matsumoto K, Kojima M, Takahashi K, Obata T, Yamazaki M, Furuya T. Tract-Specific Diffusion Tensor Imaging Reveals Laterality of Neurological Symptoms in Patients with Cervical Compression Myelopathy. World Neurosurg 2016; 96:184-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.08.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
122
|
Bae YJ, Lee JW, Lee E, Yeom JS, Kim KJ, Kang HS. Cervical compressive myelopathy: flow analysis of cerebrospinal fluid using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2016; 26:40-48. [PMID: 27858239 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-016-4874-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in cervical compressive myelopathy (CCM), by both quantitative and qualitative analyses, using 3T cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (cine MRI). METHODS From September, 2014 to June, 2015, we enrolled 45 subjects (18 women and 27 men, mean age, 61.7 ± 13.4 years) to undergo cervical cine MRI. The subjects were divided into three groups: no stenosis and cervical stenosis with and without intramedullary T2 hyperintensity. We measured maximal CSF velocity, and 12 CSF velocity waveforms were plotted per subject. Two readers independently assessed the CSF waveform shape (0 absent; 1 serrated; 2 bi-directional with small amplitude; and 3 normal bi-directional waveform) and the CSF motion pattern (0 absent; 1 interrupted; and 2 intact). The numbers of 12 waveform shapes were summed to yield a CSF waveform score. Linear mixed model and ROC curve analyses were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS Maximal CSF velocity was significantly lower in CCM (marginal mean, 2.72 cm/s) than in stenosis without intramedullary T2 hyperintensity (3.27 cm/s, p = 0.027) and no stenosis (3.80 cm/s, p < 0.001). Bi-phasic CSF motion was lost in cervical stenosis. CSF waveform scores of 17 (area under curve (AUC), 0.797; p = 0.003) and 16.5 (AUC, 0.790; p = 0.004) could predict Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score corresponding to CCM. CONCLUSIONS Maximal CSF velocity and CSF waveform score on cine MRI decreased in CCM and was correlated with the JOA score. Thus, both quantitative and qualitative analyses using cine MRI could effectively demonstrate CSF flow alterations in CCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jung Bae
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumiro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Woo Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumiro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eugene Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumiro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin S Yeom
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumiro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumiro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Sik Kang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumiro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|