101
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Shao QH, Zhang XL, Chen Y, Zhu CG, Shi JG, Yuan YH, Chen NH. Anti-neuroinflammatory effects of 20C from Gastrodia elata via regulating autophagy in LPS-activated BV-2 cells through MAPKs and TLR4/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Mol Immunol 2018; 99:115-123. [PMID: 29763880 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
20C, a novel bibenzyl compound, is isolated from Gastrodia elata. In our previous study, 20C showed protective effects on tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, rotenone-induced apoptosis and rotenone-induced oxidative damage. However, the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of 20C is still with limited acquaintance. The objective of this study was to confirm the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of 20C on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 cells and further elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, 20C significantly attenuated the protein levels of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin (IL)-1β, and secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in BV-2 cells. Moreover, 20C up-regulated the levels of autophagy-related proteins in LPS-activated BV-2 cells. The requirement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) has been well documented for regulating the process of autophagy. Both 20C and rapamycin enhanced autophagy by suppressing the phosphorylation of MAPKs signaling pathway. Furthermore, 20C treatment significantly inhibited the levels of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), phosphorylated-protein kinase B (Akt) and phosphorylated-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), indicating blocking TLR4/Akt/mTOR might be an underlying basis for the anti-inflammatory effect of 20C. These findings suggest that 20C has therapeutic potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Hang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Cheng-Gen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian-Gong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu-He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
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102
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Kabel AM, Omar MS, Alhadhrami A, Alharthi SS, Alrobaian MM. Linagliptin potentiates the effect of l-dopa on the behavioural, biochemical and immunohistochemical changes in experimentally-induced Parkinsonism: Role of toll-like receptor 4, TGF-β1, NF-κB and glucagon-like peptide 1. Physiol Behav 2018; 188:108-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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103
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GABAergic inhibition in dual-transmission cholinergic and GABAergic striatal interneurons is abolished in Parkinson disease. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1422. [PMID: 29651049 PMCID: PMC5897332 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03802-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that half striatal cholinergic interneurons are dual transmitter cholinergic and GABAergic interneurons (CGINs) expressing ChAT, GAD65, Lhx7, and Lhx6 mRNAs, labeled with GAD and VGAT, generating monosynaptic dual cholinergic/GABAergic currents and an inhibitory pause response. Dopamine deprivation increases CGINs ongoing activity and abolishes GABAergic inhibition including the cortico-striatal pause because of high [Cl−]i levels. Dopamine deprivation also dramatically increases CGINs dendritic arbors and monosynaptic interconnections probability, suggesting the formation of a dense CGINs network. The NKCC1 chloride importer antagonist bumetanide, which reduces [Cl−]i levels, restores GABAergic inhibition, the cortico-striatal pause-rebound response, and attenuates motor effects of dopamine deprivation. Therefore, most of the striatal cholinergic excitatory drive is balanced by a concomitant powerful GABAergic inhibition that is impaired by dopamine deprivation. The attenuation by bumetanide of cardinal features of Parkinson’s disease paves the way to a novel therapeutic strategy based on a restoration of low [Cl−]i levels and GABAergic inhibition. Cholinergic interneurons of the striatum are involved reward-related behaviors and have been implicated in Parkinson’s disease. Here the authors report that half of cholinergic neurons co-release acetylcholine and GABA, and study the role of these neurons in a model of Parkinson’s Disease.
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104
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Zheng Y, Fang W, Fan S, Liao W, Xiong Y, Liao S, Li Y, Xiao S, Liu J. Neurotropin inhibits neuroinflammation via suppressing NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 136:242-248. [PMID: 29551285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotropin (NTP) is a widely used drug in China and Japan mainly for the treatment of chronic pain and peripheral inflammation. Nevertheless, the effects of NTP on neuroinflammation have not been explored. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of NTP in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells and its underlying mechanisms. BV-2 cells were pretreated with NTP for 12 h before exposure to LPS. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) were detected by RT-PCR and EILSA at mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Western blotting was conducted to measure the protein levels of major genes in MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. Results demonstrated that NTP could attenuate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, NTP inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling by decreasing the translocation of NF-κB p65 to the nucleus and suppressed the MAPKs signaling pathway via inhibition of the phosphorylation of p38, ERK and JNK. Taken together, these findings suggest that neurotropin exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators via inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiu Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Fang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengnuo Fan
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowei Liao
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songhua Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Heart, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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105
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Agarwal P, Wang Y, Buchman AS, Holland TM, Bennett DA, Morris MC. MIND Diet Associated with Reduced Incidence and Delayed Progression of ParkinsonismA in Old Age. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:1211-1215. [PMID: 30498828 PMCID: PMC6436549 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-018-1094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In old age, motor impairments including parkinsonian signs are common, but treatment is lacking for many older adults. In this study, we examined the association of a diet specifically developed to promote brain health, called MIND (Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay), to the incidence and progression of parkinsonism in older adults. METHODS A total of 706 Memory and Aging Project participants aged 59 -97 years and without parkinsonism at baseline were assessed annually for the presence of four parkinsonian signs using a 26-item modified version of the United Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Incident parkinsonism was defined as the first occurrence over 4.6 years of follow-up of two or more parkinsonian signs. The progression of parkinsonism was assessed by change in a global parkinsonian score (range: 0-100). MIND, Mediterranean, and DASH diet pattern scores were computed based on a validated food frequency questionnaire including 144 food items. We employed Cox-Proportional Hazard models and linear mixed models, to examine the associations of baseline diet scores with incident parkinsonism and the annual rate of change in global parkinsonian score, respectively. RESULTS In models adjusted for age, sex, smoking, total energy intake, BMI and depressive symptoms, higher MIND diet scores were associated with a decreased risk of parkinsonism [(HR=0.89, 95% CI 0.83-0.96)]; and a slower rate of parkinsonism progression [(β= -0.008; SE=0.0037; p=0.04)]. The Mediterranean diet was marginally associated with reduced parkinsonism progression (β= -0.002; SE=0.0014; p=0.06). The DASH diet, by contrast, was not associated with either outcome. CONCLUSION The MIND diet created for brain health may be a associated with decreased risk and slower progression of parkinsonism in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Agarwal
- Puja Agarwal, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 W Jackson, Chicago, IL, 60612, Phone: 312-563-0151,
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106
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Solek CM, Farooqi N, Verly M, Lim TK, Ruthazer ES. Maternal immune activation in neurodevelopmental disorders. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:588-619. [PMID: 29226543 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging lines of evidence from basic science and clinical studies suggest a relationship between maternal immune activation (MIA) and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia. The mechanisms through which MIA increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders have become a subject of intensive research. This review aims to describe how dysregulation of microglial function and immune mechanisms may link MIA and neurodevelopmental pathologies. We also summarize the current evidence in animal models of MIA. Developmental Dynamics 247:588-619, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Solek
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nasr Farooqi
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Myriam Verly
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tony K Lim
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edward S Ruthazer
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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107
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Arshad AR, Sulaiman SA, Saperi AA, Jamal R, Mohamed Ibrahim N, Abdul Murad NA. MicroRNAs and Target Genes As Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Early Onset of Parkinson Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:352. [PMID: 29163029 PMCID: PMC5671573 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the neurodegenerative disorders, Parkinson's disease (PD) ranks as the second most common disorder with a higher prevalence in individuals aged over 60 years old. Younger individuals may also be affected with PD which is known as early onset PD (EOPD). Despite similarities between the characteristics of EOPD and late onset PD (LODP), EOPD patients experience much longer disease manifestations and poorer quality of life. Although some individuals are more prone to have EOPD due to certain genetic alterations, the molecular mechanisms that differentiate between EOPD and LOPD remains unclear. Recent findings in PD patients revealed that there were differences in the genetic profiles of PD patients compared to healthy controls, as well as between EOPD and LOPD patients. There were variants identified that correlated with the decline of cognitive and motor symptoms as well as non-motor symptoms in PD. There were also specific microRNAs that correlated with PD progression, and since microRNAs have been shown to be involved in the maintenance of neuronal development, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, there is a strong possibility that these microRNAs can be potentially used to differentiate between subsets of PD patients. PD is mainly diagnosed at the late stage, when almost majority of the dopaminergic neurons are lost. Therefore, identification of molecular biomarkers for early detection of PD is important. Given that miRNAs are crucial in controlling the gene expression, these regulatory microRNAs and their target genes could be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis of PD. In this article, we discussed the genes involved and their regulatory miRNAs, regarding their roles in PD progression, based on the findings of significantly altered microRNAs in EOPD studies. We also discussed the potential of these miRNAs as molecular biomarkers for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R. Arshad
- UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
| | - Siti A. Sulaiman
- UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
| | - Amalia A. Saperi
- UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
| | - Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azian Abdul Murad
- UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
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108
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Huang TT, Hao DL, Wu BN, Mao LL, Zhang J. Uric acid demonstrates neuroprotective effect on Parkinson's disease mice through Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1443-1449. [PMID: 28986252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Uric acid has neuroprotective effect on Parkinson's disease (PD) by inhibiting oxidative damage and neuronal cell death. Our previous study has shown that uric acid protected dopaminergic cell line damage through inhibiting accumulation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). This study aimed to investigate its in vivo neuroprotective effect. PD was induced by MPTP intraperitoneally injection for 7 d in male C57BL/6 mice. Mice were treated with either uric acid (intraperitoneally injection 250 mg/kg) or saline for a total of 13 d. We showed that uric acid improved behavioral performances and cognition of PD mice, increased TH-positive dopaminergic neurons and decreased GFAP-positive astrocytes in substantia nigra (SN). Uric acid increased mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 and three Nrf2-responsive genes, including γ-glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (γ-GCLC), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NQO1. Uric acid significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT, glutathione (GSH) levels and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in SN regions of MPTP-treated mice. Uric acid inhibited the hippocampal expression of IL-1β and decreased serum and hippocampus levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In conclusion, uric acid demonstrates neuroprotective properties for dopaminergic neurons in PD mice through modulation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Huang
- Department of Neurology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong-Lin Hao
- Department of Neurology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bo-Na Wu
- Department of Neurology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lun-Lin Mao
- Department of Neurology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213002, Jiangsu, China
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