101
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Schenck CA, Maeda HA. Tyrosine biosynthesis, metabolism, and catabolism in plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 149:82-102. [PMID: 29477627 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
L-Tyrosine (Tyr) is an aromatic amino acid (AAA) required for protein synthesis in all organisms, but synthesized de novo only in plants and microorganisms. In plants, Tyr also serves as a precursor of numerous specialized metabolites that have diverse physiological roles as electron carriers, antioxidants, attractants, and defense compounds. Some of these Tyr-derived plant natural products are also used in human medicine and nutrition (e.g. morphine and vitamin E). While the Tyr biosynthesis and catabolic pathways have been extensively studied in microbes and animals, respectively, those of plants have received much less attention until recently. Accumulating evidence suggest that the Tyr biosynthetic pathways differ between microbes and plants and even within the plant kingdom, likely to support the production of lineage-specific plant specialized metabolites derived from Tyr. The interspecies variations of plant Tyr pathway enzymes can now be used to enhance the production of Tyr and Tyr-derived compounds in plants and other synthetic biology platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Schenck
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hiroshi A Maeda
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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102
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Jin L, Cai Q, Huang W, Dastmalchi K, Rigau J, Molinas M, Figueras M, Serra O, Stark RE. Potato native and wound periderms are differently affected by down-regulation of FHT, a suberin feruloyl transferase. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 147:30-48. [PMID: 29288888 PMCID: PMC5801124 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Potato native and wound healing periderms contain an external multilayered phellem tissue (potato skin) consisting of dead cells whose cell walls are impregnated with suberin polymers. The phellem provides physical and chemical barriers to tuber dehydration, heat transfer, and pathogenic infection. Previous RNAi-mediated gene silencing studies in native periderm have demonstrated a role for a feruloyl transferase (FHT) in suberin biosynthesis and revealed how its down-regulation affects both chemical composition and physiology. To complement these prior analyses and to investigate the impact of FHT deficiency in wound periderms, a bottom-up methodology has been used to analyze soluble tissue extracts and solid polymers concurrently. Multivariate statistical analysis of LC-MS and GC-MS data, augmented by solid-state NMR and thioacidolysis, yields two types of new insights: the chemical compounds responsible for contrasting metabolic profiles of native and wound periderms, and the impact of FHT deficiency in each of these plant tissues. In the current report, we confirm a role for FHT in developing wound periderm and highlight its distinctive features as compared to the corresponding native potato periderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, City University of New York and CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, New York, NY 10031, USA; Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Qing Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, City University of New York and CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, New York, NY 10031, USA; Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Wenlin Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, City University of New York and CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Keyvan Dastmalchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, City University of New York and CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Joan Rigau
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Consorci CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus de Bellaterra UAB, E-08193, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisa Molinas
- Laboratori Del Suro, Departament de Biologia, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E-17071 Spain
| | - Mercè Figueras
- Laboratori Del Suro, Departament de Biologia, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E-17071 Spain
| | - Olga Serra
- Laboratori Del Suro, Departament de Biologia, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E-17071 Spain
| | - Ruth E Stark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, City University of New York and CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, New York, NY 10031, USA; Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA; Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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103
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Woolfson KN, Haggitt ML, Zhang Y, Kachura A, Bjelica A, Rey Rincon MA, Kaberi KM, Bernards MA. Differential induction of polar and non-polar metabolism during wound-induced suberization in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:931-942. [PMID: 29315972 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Wound-induced suberin deposition involves the temporal and spatial coordination of phenolic and fatty acid metabolism. Phenolic metabolism leads to both soluble metabolites that accumulate as defense compounds as well as hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives that form the basis of the poly(phenolic) domain found in suberized tissue. Fatty acid metabolism involves the biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids, 1-alkanols, ω-hydroxy fatty acids and α,ω-dioic acids that form a poly(aliphatic) domain, commonly referred to as suberin. Using the abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis inhibitor fluridone (FD), we reduced wound-induced de novo biosynthesis of ABA in potato tubers, and measured the impact on the expression of genes involved in phenolic metabolism (StPAL1, StC4H, StCCR, StTHT), aliphatic metabolism (StCYP86A33, StCYP86B12, StFAR3, StKCS6), metabolism linking phenolics and aliphatics (StFHT) or acyl chains and glycerol (StGPAT5, StGPAT6), and in the delivery of aliphatic monomers to the site of suberization (StABCG1). In FD-treated tissue, both aliphatic gene expression and accumulation of aliphatic suberin monomers were delayed. Exogenous ABA restored normal aliphatic suberin deposition in FD-treated tissue, and enhanced aliphatic gene expression and poly(aliphatic) domain deposition when applied alone. By contrast, phenolic metabolism genes were not affected by FD treatment, while FD + ABA and ABA treatments slightly enhanced the accumulation of polar metabolites. These data support a role for ABA in the differential induction of phenolic and aliphatic metabolism during wound-induced suberization in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathlyn N Woolfson
- Department of Biology and the Biotron, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Meghan L Haggitt
- Department of Biology and the Biotron, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Department of Biology and the Biotron, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Alexandra Kachura
- Department of Biology and the Biotron, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Anica Bjelica
- Department of Biology and the Biotron, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - M Alejandra Rey Rincon
- Department of Biology and the Biotron, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Karina M Kaberi
- Department of Biology and the Biotron, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Mark A Bernards
- Department of Biology and the Biotron, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
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104
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Schäfer J, Trierweiler B, Bunzel M. Maturation-related changes of carrot lignins. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1016-1023. [PMID: 28718909 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignified cell walls are important factors for textural and physiological properties of plant-based foods. However, carrot lignins and their modifications during maturation are poorly described. The objective of this study was to describe carrot lignins in detail and to study lignin structural alterations at later stages of maturity. RESULTS Klason and acetyl bromide soluble lignin contents of insoluble fibers of carrots harvested at different times (26, 29 and 35 weeks after seeding) ranged between 46.38 and 62.68 g kg-1 and between 19.79 and 28.08 g kg-1 , respectively. As determined by both 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance and the derivatization followed by reductive cleavage method, coniferyl alcohol heavily dominated the traditional monolignol composition in carrot lignins, independently of harvest times. By using 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance experiments on isolated lignins, p-hydroxybenzoate was identified as a less common lignin constituent, attached to lignin γ-hydroxyl groups and being increasingly incorporated with maturation. β-Aryl ethers, phenylcoumaran, resinol and dibenzodioxocin structures were identified as lignin interunit linkages, largely independent of harvest times and with β-aryl ethers being expectedly dominant. CONCLUSION Carrots contain guaiacyl-rich lignins that incorporate increasing amounts of p-hydroxybenzoate with maturation. All other lignin characteristics appear to be widely independent of harvest times. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schäfer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernhard Trierweiler
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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105
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Boher P, Soler M, Sánchez A, Hoede C, Noirot C, Paiva JAP, Serra O, Figueras M. A comparative transcriptomic approach to understanding the formation of cork. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:103-118. [PMID: 29143299 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptome comparison of two oak species reveals possible candidates accounting for the exceptionally thick and pure cork oak phellem, such as those involved in secondary metabolism and phellogen activity. Cork oak, Quercus suber, differs from other Mediterranean oaks such as holm oak (Quercus ilex) by the thickness and organization of the external bark. While holm oak outer bark contains sequential periderms interspersed with dead secondary phloem (rhytidome), the cork oak outer bark only contains thick layers of phellem (cork rings) that accumulate until reaching a thickness that allows industrial uses. Here we compare the cork oak outer bark transcriptome with that of holm oak. Both transcriptomes present similitudes in their complexity, but whereas cork oak external bark is enriched with upregulated genes related to suberin, which is the main polymer responsible for the protective function of periderm, the upregulated categories of holm oak are enriched in abiotic stress and chromatin assembly. Concomitantly with the upregulation of suberin-related genes, there is also induction of regulatory and meristematic genes, whose predicted activities agree with the increased number of phellem layers found in the cork oak sample. Further transcript profiling among different cork oak tissues and conditions suggests that cork and wood share many regulatory mechanisms, probably reflecting similar ontogeny. Moreover, the analysis of transcripts accumulation during the cork growth season showed that most regulatory genes are upregulated early in the season when the cork cambium becomes active. Altogether our work provides the first transcriptome comparison between cork oak and holm oak outer bark, which unveils new regulatory candidate genes of phellem development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Boher
- Laboratori del Suro, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Campmany 40, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Marçal Soler
- Laboratori del Suro, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Campmany 40, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Sánchez
- Laboratori del Suro, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Campmany 40, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Claire Hoede
- PF Bioinfo GenoToul, MIAT, Université de Toulouse, INRA, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Céline Noirot
- PF Bioinfo GenoToul, MIAT, Université de Toulouse, INRA, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Jorge Almiro Pinto Paiva
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Olga Serra
- Laboratori del Suro, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Campmany 40, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Mercè Figueras
- Laboratori del Suro, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Campmany 40, 17003, Girona, Spain.
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106
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Alu'datt MH, Rababah T, Alhamad MN, Al-Rabadi GJ, Tranchant CC, Almajwal A, Kubow S, Alli I. Occurrence, types, properties and interactions of phenolic compounds with other food constituents in oil-bearing plants. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:3209-3218. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1391169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad H. Alu'datt
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-De-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9
- Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Taha Rababah
- Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad N. Alhamad
- Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ghaid J. Al-Rabadi
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mu'tah University, Karak, Jordan
| | - Carole C. Tranchant
- School of Food Science, Nutrition and Family Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences and Community Services, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada E1A 3E9
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stan Kubow
- School of Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-De-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9
| | - Inteaz Alli
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-De-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9
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107
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Tissier A, Morgan JA, Dudareva N. Plant Volatiles: Going 'In' but not 'Out' of Trichome Cavities. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:930-938. [PMID: 28958712 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant glandular trichomes are able to secrete and store large amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs typically accumulate in dedicated extracellular spaces, which can be either subcuticular, as in the Lamiaceae or Asteraceae, or intercellular, as in the Solanaceae. Volatiles are retained at high concentrations in these storage cavities with limited release into the atmosphere and without re-entering the secretory cells, where they would be toxic. This implies the existence of mechanisms allowing transport of VOCs to the cavity but preventing their diffusion out once they have been delivered. The cuticle and cell wall lining the cavity are likely to have key roles in retaining volatiles, but their exact composition and the potential molecular players involved are largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Tissier
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany.
| | - John A Morgan
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2100, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, 175 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2063, USA
| | - Natalia Dudareva
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, 175 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2063, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, 203 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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108
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Wertz PW. Naturally occurring ω-Hydroxyacids. Int J Cosmet Sci 2017; 40:31-33. [PMID: 28994119 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
ω-Hydroxyacids are fatty acids bearing a hydroxyl group on the terminal carbon. They are found in mammals and higher plants and are often involved in providing a permeability barrier, the primary purpose of which is to reduce water loss. Some ω-hydroxyacid derivatives may be involved in waterproofing and signalling. The purpose of this review was to survey the known natural sources of ω-hydroxyacids. ω-Hydroxyacids are produced by two different P450-dependent mechanisms. The longer (30-34 carbons) ω-hydroxyacids are produced by chain extension from palmitic acid until the chain extends across the membrane in which the extension is taking place, and then the terminal carbon is hydroxylated. Shorter fatty acids can be hydroxylated directly to produce C16 and C18 ω-hydroxyacids found in plants and 20-eicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) by a different P450. The C16 and C18 ω-hydroxyacids are components of polymers in plants. The long-chain ω-hydroxyacids are found in epidermal sphingolipids, in giant-ring lactones from the sebum of members of the equidae, as a component of meibum and in carnauba wax and wool wax.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Wertz
- 1412 Laurel Street, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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109
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Repizo GD, Viale AM, Borges V, Cameranesi MM, Taib N, Espariz M, Brochier-Armanet C, Gomes JP, Salcedo SP. The Environmental Acinetobacter baumannii Isolate DSM30011 Reveals Clues into the Preantibiotic Era Genome Diversity, Virulence Potential, and Niche Range of a Predominant Nosocomial Pathogen. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:2292-2307. [PMID: 28934377 PMCID: PMC5604120 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii represents nowadays an important nosocomial opportunistic pathogen whose reservoirs outside the clinical setting are obscure. Here, we traced the origins of the collection strain A. baumannii DSM30011 to an isolate first reported in 1944, obtained from the enriched microbiota responsible of the aerobic decomposition of the resinous desert shrub guayule. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis based on core genes confirmed DSM30011 affiliation to A. baumannii. Comparative studies with 32 complete A. baumannii genomes revealed the presence of 12 unique accessory chromosomal regions in DSM30011 including five encompassing phage-related genes, five containing toxin genes of the type-6 secretion system, and one with an atypical CRISPRs/cas cluster. No antimicrobial resistance islands were identified in DSM30011 agreeing with a general antimicrobial susceptibility phenotype including folate synthesis inhibitors. The marginal ampicillin resistance of DSM30011 most likely derived from chromosomal ADC-type ampC and blaOXA-51-type genes. Searching for catabolic pathways genes revealed several clusters involved in the degradation of plant defenses including woody tissues and a previously unreported atu locus responsible of aliphatic terpenes degradation, thus suggesting that resinous plants may provide an effective niche for this organism. DSM30011 also harbored most genes and regulatory mechanisms linked to persistence and virulence in pathogenic Acinetobacter species. This strain thus revealed important clues into the genomic diversity, virulence potential, and niche ranges of the preantibiotic era A. baumannii population, and may provide an useful tool for our understanding of the processes that led to the recent evolution of this species toward an opportunistic pathogen of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo D. Repizo
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, CNRS UMR5086, University of Lyon, France
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Alejandro M. Viale
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Vítor Borges
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - María M. Cameranesi
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Najwa Taib
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Univ. Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Martín Espariz
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Céline Brochier-Armanet
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Univ. Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Villeurbanne, France
| | - João Paulo Gomes
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Suzana P. Salcedo
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, CNRS UMR5086, University of Lyon, France
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110
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Simon C, Lion C, Huss B, Blervacq AS, Spriet C, Guérardel Y, Biot C, Hawkins S. BLISS: Shining a light on lignification in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1359366. [PMID: 28786751 PMCID: PMC5616161 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1359366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a polyphenolic polymer of the plant cell wall formed by the oxidative polymerization of 3 main monomers called monolignols that give rise to the lignin H-, G- and S-units. Together with cellulose and hemicelluloses, lignin is a major component of plant biomass that is widely exploited by humans in numerous industrial processes. Despite recent advances in our understanding of monolignol biosynthesis, our current understanding of the spatio-temporal regulation of their transport and polymerization is more limited. In a recent publication, we have reported the development of an original Bioorthogonal Labeling Imaging Sequential Strategy (BLISS) that allows us to visualize the simultaneous incorporation dynamics of H and G monolignol reporters into lignifying cell walls of the flax stem. 11 Here, we extend the application of this strategy to other plant organs such as roots and rapidly discuss some of the contributions and perspectives of this new technique for improving our understanding of the lignification process in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Simon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille,France
| | - Cedric Lion
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille,France
| | - Brigitte Huss
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille,France
| | - Anne-Sophie Blervacq
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille,France
| | - Corentin Spriet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille,France
| | - Yann Guérardel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille,France
| | - Christophe Biot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille,France
| | - Simon Hawkins
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille,France
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111
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Vulavala VKR, Fogelman E, Rozental L, Faigenboim A, Tanami Z, Shoseyov O, Ginzberg I. Identification of genes related to skin development in potato. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 94:481-494. [PMID: 28536883 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Newly identified genes that are preferentially expressed in potato skin include genes that are associated with the secondary cell wall and stress-related activities and contribute to the skin's protective function. Microarrays were used to compare the skin and tuber-flesh transcriptomes of potato, to identify genes that contribute to the unique characteristics of the skin as a protective tissue. Functional gene analysis indicated that genes involved in developmental processes such as cell division, cell differentiation, morphogenesis and secondary cell wall formation (lignification and suberization), and stress-related activities, are more highly expressed in the skin than in the tuber flesh. Several genes that were differentially expressed in the skin (as verified by qPCR) and had not been previously identified in potato were selected for further analysis. These included the StKCS20-like, StFAR3, StCYP86A22 and StPOD72-like genes, whose sequences suggest that they may be closely related to known suberin-related genes; the StHAP3 transcription factor that directs meristem-specific expression; and the StCASP1B2-like and StCASP1-like genes, which are two orthologs of a protein family that mediates the formation of Casparian strips in the suberized endodermis of Arabidopsis roots. An examination of microtubers induced from transgenic plants carrying GUS reporter constructs of these genes indicated that these genes were expressed in the skin, with little to no expression in the tuber flesh. Some of the reporter constructs were preferentially expressed in the inner layers of the skin, the root endodermis, the vascular cambium and the epidermis of the stem. Cis-regulatory elements within the respective promoter sequences support this gene-expression pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya K R Vulavala
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Edna Fogelman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Lior Rozental
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Zachariah Tanami
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Oded Shoseyov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Idit Ginzberg
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel.
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Legay S, Cocco E, André CM, Guignard C, Hausman JF, Guerriero G. Differential Lipid Composition and Gene Expression in the Semi-Russeted "Cox Orange Pippin" Apple Variety. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1656. [PMID: 29018466 PMCID: PMC5623121 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Russeting is characterized by a particular rough and brown phenotype, which is mainly due to the accumulation of suberin in the inner part of the epidermal cell walls. In our previous bulk transcriptomic analysis, comparing fully russeted, and waxy apple varieties, showed, in apple fruit skin, a massive decreased expression of cutin, wax and some pentacyclic triterpene biosynthesis genes in the russeted varieties, with an expected concomitant enhanced expression of the suberin biosynthetic genes. In the present work, we performed a deep investigation of the aliphatic composition of the cutin, suberin, waxes, and triterpenes in the waxy and russeted patches of the semi-russeted apple variety "Cox Orange Pippin." A targeted gene expression profiling was performed to validate candidate genes which were identified in our previous work and might be involved in the respective metabolic pathways. Our results showed that a decrease of cuticular waxes, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid, accompanied by an accumulation of alkyl-hydroxycinamates and betulinic acid, occurs in the russeted patches. The suberin monomer composition is characterized by specific occurrence of 20, 22, and 24 carbon aliphatic chains, whereas cutin is mainly represented by common C16 and C18 aliphatic chains. This work depicts, for the first time in apple, the complex composition of suberin, cutin, waxes and triterpenes, and confirms the strong interplay between these epidermal polymers in apple fruit skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Legay
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Sylvain Legay
| | - Emmanuelle Cocco
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | | | - Cédric Guignard
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | | | - Gea Guerriero
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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113
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Nameer S, Semlitsch S, Martinelle M, Johansson M. One-pot enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of dual-functional polyester macromers towards surface-active hydrophobic films. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09828f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective enzyme catalysis is a valuable tool for the processing of monomers into value-added materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Nameer
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- Division of Coating Technology
- Sweden
| | - Stefan Semlitsch
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- School of Biotechnology
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology
- Sweden
| | - Mats Martinelle
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- School of Biotechnology
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology
- Sweden
| | - Mats Johansson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- Division of Coating Technology
- Sweden
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114
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Sousa AF, Gandini A, Caetano A, Maria TM, Freire CS, Neto CP, Silvestre AJ. Unravelling the distinct crystallinity and thermal properties of suberin compounds from Quercus suber and Betula pendula outer barks. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:686-694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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115
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Legay S, Guerriero G, André C, Guignard C, Cocco E, Charton S, Boutry M, Rowland O, Hausman JF. MdMyb93 is a regulator of suberin deposition in russeted apple fruit skins. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:977-991. [PMID: 27716944 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A comparison of the transcriptomes of russeted vs nonrusseted apple skins previously highlighted a tight relationship between a gene encoding an MYB-type transcription factor, MdMYB93, and some key suberin biosynthetic genes. The present work assesses the role of this transcription factor in the suberization process. A phylogenetic analysis of MdMYB93 and Arabidopsis thaliana MYBs was performed and the function of MdMYB93 was further investigated using Agrobacterium-mediated transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. An RNA-Seq analysis was performed to highlight the MdMYB93-regulated genes. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-triple time-of-flight (UPLC-TripleTOF) and GC-MS were used to investigate alterations in phenylpropanoid, soluble-free lipid and lipid polyester contents. A massive accumulation of suberin and its biosynthetic precursors in MdMYB93 agroinfiltrated leaves was accompanied by a remobilization of phenylpropanoids and an increased amount of lignin precursors. Gene expression profiling displayed a concomitant alteration of lipid and phenylpropanoid metabolism, cell wall development, and extracellular transport, with a large number of induced transcripts predicted to be involved in suberin deposition. The present work supports a major role of MdMYB93 in the regulation of suberin deposition in russeted apple skins, from the synthesis of monomeric precursors, their transport, polymerization, and final deposition as suberin in primary cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Legay
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Christelle André
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Cédric Guignard
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Emmanuelle Cocco
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Sophie Charton
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Boutry
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Owen Rowland
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
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116
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Bjelica A, Haggitt ML, Woolfson KN, Lee DPN, Makhzoum AB, Bernards MA. Fatty acid ω-hydroxylases from Solanum tuberosum. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:2435-2448. [PMID: 27565479 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Potato StCYP86A33 complements the Arabidopsis AtCYP86A1 mutant, horst - 1. Suberin is a cell-wall polymer that comprises both phenolic and aliphatic components found in specialized plant cells. Aliphatic suberin is characterized by bi-functional fatty acids, typically ω-hydroxy fatty acids and α,ω-dioic acids, which are linked via glycerol to form a three-dimensional polymer network. In potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), over 65 % of aliphatics are either ω-hydroxy fatty acids or α,ω-dioic acids. Since the biosynthesis of α,ω-dioic acids proceeds sequentially through ω-hydroxy fatty acids, the formation of ω-hydroxy fatty acids represents a significant metabolic commitment during suberin deposition. Four different plant cytochrome P450 subfamilies catalyze ω-hydroxylation, namely, 86A, 86B, 94A, and 704B; though to date, only a few members have been functionally characterized. In potato, CYP86A33 has been identified and implicated in suberin biosynthesis through reverse genetics (RNAi); however, attempts to express the CYP86A33 protein and characterize its catalytic function have been unsuccessful. Herein, we describe eight fatty acid ω-hydroxylase genes (three CYP86As, one CYP86B, three CYP94As, and a CYP704B) from potato and demonstrate their tissue expression. We also complement the Arabidopsis cyp86A1 mutant horst-1 using StCYP86A33 under the control of the Arabidopsis AtCYP86A1 promoter. Furthermore, we provide preliminary analysis of the StCYP86A33 promoter using a hairy root transformation system to monitor pStCYP86A33::GUS expression constructs. These data confirm the functional role of StCYP86A33 as a fatty acid ω-hydroxylase, and demonstrate the utility of hairy roots in the study of root-specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anica Bjelica
- Department of Biology and the Biotron, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Meghan L Haggitt
- Department of Biology and the Biotron, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Kathlyn N Woolfson
- Department of Biology and the Biotron, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Daniel P N Lee
- Department of Biology and the Biotron, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Abdullah B Makhzoum
- Department of Biology and the Biotron, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Mark A Bernards
- Department of Biology and the Biotron, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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117
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Beaulieu C, Sidibé A, Jabloune R, Simao-Beaunoir AM, Lerat S, Monga E, Bernards MA. Physical, Chemical and Proteomic Evidence of Potato Suberin Degradation by the Plant Pathogenic Bacterium Streptomyces scabiei. Microbes Environ 2016; 31:427-434. [PMID: 27853060 PMCID: PMC5158115 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me16110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato peels consist of a tissue called phellem, which is formed by suberized cell layers. The degradation of suberin, a lipidic and recalcitrant polymer, is an ecological process attributed to soil fungal populations; however, previous studies have suggested that Streptomyces scabiei, the causal agent of potato common scab, possesses the ability to degrade suberin. In the present study, S. scabiei was grown in medium containing suberin-enriched potato phellem as the sole carbon source and its secretome was analyzed periodically (10- to 60-d-old cultures) with a special focus on proteins potentially involved in cell wall degradation. Although the amount and diversity of proteins linked to polysaccharide degradation remained high throughout the experiment, their abundance decreased over time. In contrast, proteins dedicated to lipid metabolism represented a small fraction of the secretome; however, their abundance increased during the experiment. The lipolytic enzymes detected may be involved in the degradation of the aliphatic fraction of suberin because the results of optical and transmission electron microscopy examinations revealed a loss in the integrity of suberized tissues exposed to S. scabiei cells. Chemical analyses identified a time period in which the concentration of aliphatic compounds in potato phellem decreased and the sugar concentration increased; at the end of the 60-d incubation period, the sugar concentration in potato phellem was significantly reduced. This study demonstrated the ability of S. scabiei to degrade the aliphatic portion of suberin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Beaulieu
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke
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118
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Delude C, Fouillen L, Bhar P, Cardinal MJ, Pascal S, Santos P, Kosma DK, Joubès J, Rowland O, Domergue F. Primary Fatty Alcohols Are Major Components of Suberized Root Tissues of Arabidopsis in the Form of Alkyl Hydroxycinnamates. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:1934-50. [PMID: 27231100 PMCID: PMC4936593 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Suberin is a complex hydrophobic polymer that acts as a barrier controlling water and solute fluxes and restricting pathogen infections. Suberin is deposited immediately outside of the plasmalemma in the cell wall of certain tissues such as endodermis of roots, aerial and underground periderms, and seed coats. Suberin consists of a variety of fatty acid derivatives polymerized with glycerol and phenolics. In this study, we show using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques that most of the fatty alcohols not covalently linked to the suberin polymer are in the form of alkyl hydroxycinnamates (AHCs), with alkyl caffeates predominating. Such compounds are not restricted to the periderm of mature roots but also are present in the endodermis of younger roots, where they are not extracted by rapid dipping in chloroform. Analysis of several mutants affected in key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and export of suberin monomers suggests that the formation of the suberin polymer and associated waxes involves common pathways and occurs concomitantly in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots. Although fatty alcohols represent only minor components of the suberin polymer in Arabidopsis roots, this study demonstrates that they constitute the major aliphatics of suberin-associated waxes in the form of AHCs. Therefore, our results indicate that esterified fatty alcohols, both soluble and polymerized forms, represent major constituents of Arabidopsis root suberized barriers, being as abundant as α,ω-dicarboxylic and unsubstituted fatty acids. In addition, our results show that suberized layers represent a major sink for acyl-lipid metabolism in Arabidopsis roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Delude
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment A3-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D., L.F., S.P., J.J., F.D.);Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (P.B., M.-J.C., O.R.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (P.S., D.K.K.)
| | - Laetitia Fouillen
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment A3-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D., L.F., S.P., J.J., F.D.);Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (P.B., M.-J.C., O.R.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (P.S., D.K.K.)
| | - Palash Bhar
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment A3-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D., L.F., S.P., J.J., F.D.);Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (P.B., M.-J.C., O.R.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (P.S., D.K.K.)
| | - Marie-Josée Cardinal
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment A3-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D., L.F., S.P., J.J., F.D.);Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (P.B., M.-J.C., O.R.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (P.S., D.K.K.)
| | - Stephanie Pascal
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment A3-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D., L.F., S.P., J.J., F.D.);Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (P.B., M.-J.C., O.R.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (P.S., D.K.K.)
| | - Patricia Santos
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment A3-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D., L.F., S.P., J.J., F.D.);Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (P.B., M.-J.C., O.R.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (P.S., D.K.K.)
| | - Dylan K Kosma
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment A3-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D., L.F., S.P., J.J., F.D.);Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (P.B., M.-J.C., O.R.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (P.S., D.K.K.)
| | - Jérôme Joubès
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment A3-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D., L.F., S.P., J.J., F.D.);Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (P.B., M.-J.C., O.R.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (P.S., D.K.K.)
| | - Owen Rowland
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment A3-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D., L.F., S.P., J.J., F.D.);Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (P.B., M.-J.C., O.R.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (P.S., D.K.K.)
| | - Frédéric Domergue
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment A3-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave D'Ornon, France (C.D., L.F., S.P., J.J., F.D.);Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (P.B., M.-J.C., O.R.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (P.S., D.K.K.)
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119
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Jiang Y, Loos K. Enzymatic Synthesis of Biobased Polyesters and Polyamides. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E243. [PMID: 30974520 PMCID: PMC6432488 DOI: 10.3390/polym8070243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, "green" is a hot topic almost everywhere, from retailers to universities to industries; and achieving a green status has become a universal aim. However, polymers are commonly considered not to be "green", being associated with massive energy consumption and severe pollution problems (for example, the "Plastic Soup") as a public stereotype. To achieve green polymers, three elements should be entailed: (1) green raw materials, catalysts and solvents; (2) eco-friendly synthesis processes; and (3) sustainable polymers with a low carbon footprint, for example, (bio)degradable polymers or polymers which can be recycled or disposed with a gentle environmental impact. By utilizing biobased monomers in enzymatic polymerizations, many advantageous green aspects can be fulfilled. For example, biobased monomers and enzyme catalysts are renewable materials that are derived from biomass feedstocks; enzymatic polymerizations are clean and energy saving processes; and no toxic residuals contaminate the final products. Therefore, synthesis of renewable polymers via enzymatic polymerizations of biobased monomers provides an opportunity for achieving green polymers and a future sustainable polymer industry, which will eventually play an essential role for realizing and maintaining a biobased and sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Katja Loos
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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120
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Effect of Different Pretreatment Methods on Birch Outer Bark: New Biorefinery Routes. Molecules 2016; 21:427. [PMID: 27043513 PMCID: PMC6272873 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparative study among different pretreatment methods used for the fractionation of the birch outer bark components, including steam explosion, hydrothermal and organosolv treatments based on the use of ethanol/water media, is reported. The residual solid fractions have been characterized by ATR-FTIR, 13C-solid-state NMR and morphological alterations after pretreatment were detected by scanning electron microscopy. The general chemical composition of the untreated and treated bark including determination of extractives, suberin, lignin and monosaccharides was also studied. Composition of the residual solid fraction and relative proportions of different components, as a function of the processing conditions, could be established. Organosolv treatment produces a suberin-rich solid fraction, while during hydrothermal and steam explosion treatment cleavage of polysaccharide bonds occurs. This work will provide a deeper fundamental knowledge of the bark chemical composition, thus increasing the utilization efficiency of birch outer bark and may create possibilities to up-scale the fractionation processes.
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