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Khalid S, Hanif R, Jabeen I, Mansoor Q, Ismail M. Pharmacophore modeling for identification of anti-IGF-1R drugs and in-vitro validation of fulvestrant as a potential inhibitor. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196312. [PMID: 29787591 PMCID: PMC5963753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is an important therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment. The alteration in the IGF-1R associated signaling network due to various genetic and environmental factors leads the system towards metastasis. The pharmacophore modeling and logical approaches have been applied to analyze the behaviour of complex regulatory network involved in breast cancer. A total of 23 inhibitors were selected to generate ligand based pharmacophore using the tool, Molecular Operating Environment (MOE). The best model consisted of three pharmacophore features: aromatic hydrophobic (HyD/Aro), hydrophobic (HyD) and hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA). This model was validated against World drug bank (WDB) database screening to identify 189 hits with the required pharmacophore features and was further screened by using Lipinski positive compounds. Finally, the most effective drug, fulvestrant, was selected. Fulvestrant is a selective estrogen receptor down regulator (SERD). This inhibitor was further studied by using both in-silico and in-vitro approaches that showed the targeted effect of fulvestrant in ER+ MCF-7 cells. Results suggested that fulvestrant has selective cytotoxic effect and a dose dependent response on IRS-1, IGF-1R, PDZK1 and ER-α in MCF-7 cells. PDZK1 can be an important inhibitory target using fulvestrant because it directly regulates IGF-1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samra Khalid
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, The Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rumeza Hanif
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ishrat Jabeen
- Research Center for Modeling & Simulation (RCMS), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qaisar Mansoor
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), KRL Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ismail
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), KRL Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Targeting the IGF1R Pathway in Breast Cancer Using Antisense lncRNA-Mediated Promoter cis Competition. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 12:105-117. [PMID: 30195750 PMCID: PMC6023958 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF1R) signaling pathway serves as a well-established target for cancer drug therapy. The intragenic antisense long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) IRAIN, a putative tumor suppressor, is downregulated in breast cancer cells, while IGF1R is overexpressed, leading to an abnormal IGF1R/IRAIN ratio that promotes tumor growth. To precisely target this pathway, we developed an “antisense lncRNA-mediated intragenic cis competition” (ALIC) approach to therapeutically correct the elevated IGF1R/IRAIN bias in breast cancer cells. We used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to target the weak promoter of IRAIN antisense lncRNA and showed that in targeted clones, intragenic activation of the antisense lncRNA potently competed in cis with the promoter of the IGF1R sense mRNA. Notably, the normalization of IGF1R/IRAIN transcription inhibited the IGF1R signaling pathway in breast cancer cells, decreasing cell proliferation, tumor sphere formation, migration, and invasion. Using “nuclear RNA reverse transcription-associated trap” sequencing, we uncovered an IRAIN lncRNA-specific interactome containing gene targets involved in cell metastasis, signaling pathways, and cell immortalization. These data suggest that aberrantly upregulated IGF1R in breast cancer cells can be precisely targeted by cis transcription competition, thus providing a useful strategy to target disease genes in the development of novel precision medicine therapies.
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT The single agent activity of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) in germline BRCA mutated (gBRCAm) breast and ovarian cancer suggests untapped potential for this new class of drug in breast cancer. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved three PARPi (olaparib, rucaparib, and niraparib) so far to treat certain ovarian cancers, including those with gBRCAm and olaparib for treatment of gBRCAm breast cancers. Several PARPi are now under clinical development for breast cancer in the various treatment settings. Recently, two phase III trials of olaparib (OlympiaD) and talazoparib (EMBRACA) demonstrated 3-month progression-free survival improvement with PARPi compared to physician's choice single agent chemotherapy in metastatic gBRCAm breast cancer. To date, PARPi seems less efficacious in metastatic breast cancer patients than those with BRCA mutated platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer, perhaps reflecting the biologic heterogeneity and low somatic BRCA mutation rate in breast cancer. The use of PARPi is gradually evolving, including combination strategies with chemotherapy, targeted agents, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy in women with and without gBRCAm. The role of predictive biomarkers, including molecular signatures and homologous recombination repair deficiency scores based on loss of heterozygosity and other structural genomic aberrations, will be crucial to identify a subgroup of patients who may have benefit from PARPi. An improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying PARPi clinical resistance will also be important to enable the development of new approaches to increase efficacy. This is a field rich in opportunity, and the coming years should see a better understanding of which breast cancer patients we should treat with PARPi and where these agents should come in over the course of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Zimmer
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Dr. MSC1906 Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1906, USA.
| | - Mitchell Gillard
- School of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, 101 Nicolls Road Stony Brook, Bethesda, NY, 11794-8434, USA
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Dr. MSC1906 Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1906, USA
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Dr. MSC1906 Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1906, USA
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Stanicka J, Rieger L, O’Shea S, Cox O, Coleman M, O’Flanagan C, Addario B, McCabe N, Kennedy R, O’Connor R. FES-related tyrosine kinase activates the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor at sites of cell adhesion. Oncogene 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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105
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Ireland L, Santos A, Campbell F, Figueiredo C, Hammond D, Ellies LG, Weyer-Czernilofsky U, Bogenrieder T, Schmid M, Mielgo A. Blockade of insulin-like growth factors increases efficacy of paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:2022-2036. [PMID: 29367764 PMCID: PMC5895608 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in women owing to metastasis and the development of resistance to established therapies. Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the breast tumor microenvironment and can both inhibit and support cancer progression. Thus, gaining a better understanding of how macrophages support cancer could lead to the development of more effective therapies. In this study, we find that breast cancer-associated macrophages express high levels of insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGFs) and are the main source of IGFs within both primary and metastatic tumors. In total, 75% of breast cancer patients show activation of insulin/IGF-1 receptor signaling and this correlates with increased macrophage infiltration and advanced tumor stage. In patients with invasive breast cancer, activation of Insulin/IGF-1 receptors increased to 87%. Blocking IGF in combination with paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used to treat breast cancer, showed a significant reduction in tumor cell proliferation and lung metastasis in pre-clinical breast cancer models compared to paclitaxel monotherapy. Our findings provide the rationale for further developing the combination of paclitaxel with IGF blockers for the treatment of invasive breast cancer, and Insulin/IGF1R activation and IGF+ stroma cells as potential biomarker candidates for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Ireland
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Almudena Santos
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Fiona Campbell
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Carlos Figueiredo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dean Hammond
- Department of Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lesley G Ellies
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | | | - Thomas Bogenrieder
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Medicine and Translational Research, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Schmid
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ainhoa Mielgo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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106
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Nikitovic D, Berdiaki A, Spyridaki I, Krasanakis T, Tsatsakis A, Tzanakakis GN. Proteoglycans-Biomarkers and Targets in Cancer Therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:69. [PMID: 29559954 PMCID: PMC5845539 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs), important constituents of the extracellular matrix, have been associated with cancer pathogenesis. Their unique structure consisting of a protein core and glycosaminoglycan chains endowed with fine modifications constitutes these molecules as capable cellular effectors important for homeostasis and contributing to disease progression. Indeed, differential expression of PGs and their interacting proteins has been characterized as specific for disease evolvement in various cancer types. Importantly, PGs to a large extent regulate the bioavailability of hormones, growth factors, and cytokines as well as the activation of their respective receptors which regulate phenotypic diversibility, gene expression and rates of recurrence in specific tumor types. Defining and targeting these effectors on an individual patient basis offers ground for the development of newer therapeutic approaches which may act as either supportive or a substitute treatment to the standard therapy protocols. This review discusses the roles of PGs in cancer progression, developing technologies utilized for the defining of the PG "signature" in disease, and how this may facilitate the generation of tailor-made cancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioanna Spyridaki
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Theodoros Krasanakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George N Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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107
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Christopoulos PF, Corthay A, Koutsilieris M. Aiming for the Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 system in breast cancer therapeutics. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 63:79-95. [PMID: 29253837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the major discoveries occurred in oncology the recent years, breast malignancies remain one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths for women in developed countries. Development of HER2-targeting drugs has been considered a breakthrough in anti-cancer approaches and alluded to the potential of targeting growth factors in breast cancer (BrCa) therapeutics. More than twenty-five years have passed since the Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) system was initially recognized as a potential target candidate in BrCa therapy. To date, a growing body of studies have implicated the IGF-1 signaling with the BrCa biology. Despite the promising experimental evidence, the impression from clinical trials is rather disappointing. Several reasons may account for this and the last word regarding the efficacy of this system as a target candidate in BrCa therapeutics is probably not written yet. Herein, we provide the theoretical basis, as well as, a comprehensive overview of the current literature, regarding the different strategies targeting the various components of the IGF-1/IGF-1R axis in several pathophysiological aspects of BrCa, including the tumor micro-environment and cancer stemness. In addition, we review the rationale for targeting the IGF-1 system in the different BrCa molecular subtypes and in treatment resistant breast tumors with a focus on both the molecular mechanisms and on the clinical perspectives of such approaches in specific population subgroups. We also discuss the future challenges, as well as, the development of novel molecules and strategies targeting the system and suggest potential improvements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis F Christopoulos
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Alexandre Corthay
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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108
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Ochnik AM, Baxter RC. Insulin-like growth factor receptor and sphingosine kinase are prognostic and therapeutic targets in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:820. [PMID: 29207959 PMCID: PMC5718000 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Targeting the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) in breast cancer remains an ongoing clinical challenge. Oncogenic IGF1R-signaling occurs via activation of PI3K/AKT/MAPK downstream mediators which regulate cell proliferation and protein synthesis. To further understand IGF1R signaling we have investigated the involvement of the oncogenic IGF1R-related sphingosine kinase (SphK) pathway. Methods The prognostic (overall survival, OS) and therapeutic (anti-endocrine therapy) co-contribution of IGF1R and SphK1 were investigated using breast cancer patient samples (n = 236) for immunohistochemistry to measure total and phosphorylated IGF1R and SphK1. Kaplan-Meier and correlation analyses were performed to determine the contribution of high versus low IGF1R and/or SphK1 expression to OS in patients treated with anti-endocrine therapy. Cell viability and colony formation in vitro studies were completed using estrogen receptor (ER) positive and negative breast cancer cell-lines to determine the benefit of IGF1R inhibitor (OSI-906) and SphK inhibitor (SKI-II) co-therapy. Repeated measures and 1-way ANOVA were performed to compare drug treatments groups and the Chou-Talalay combination index (CI) was calculated to estimate drug synergism in vitro (CI < 1). Results High IGF1R and SphK1 protein co-expression in tumor tissue was associated with improved OS specifically in ER-positive disease and stratified for anti-endocrine therapy. A significant synergistic inhibition of cell viability and/or colony formation following OSI-906 and SKI-II co-treatment in vitro was evident (p < 0.05, CI < 1). Conclusion We conclude that high IGF1R and SphK1 co-expression act together as prognostic indicators and are potentially, dual therapeutic targets for the development of a more effective IGF1R-directed combination breast cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3809-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Ochnik
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia. .,Centre for Drug Discovery & Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
| | - Robert C Baxter
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
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109
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Abstract
Breast cancer affects approximately 1 in 8 women, and it is estimated that over 246,660 women in the USA will be diagnosed with breast cancer in 2016. Breast cancer mortality has decline over the last two decades due to early detection and improved treatment. Over the last few years, there is mounting evidence to demonstrate the prominent role of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in tumor initiation and progression, and targeted therapies against the RTKs have been developed, evaluated in clinical trials, and approved for many cancer types, including breast cancer. However, not all breast cancers are the same as evidenced by the multiple subtypes of the disease, with some more aggressive than others, showing differential treatment response to different types of drugs. Moreover, in addition to canonical signaling from the cell surface, many RTKs can be trafficked to various subcellular compartments, e.g., the multivesicular body and nucleus, where they carry out critical cellular functions, such as cell proliferation, DNA replication and repair, and therapeutic resistance. In this review, we provide a brief summary on the role of a selected number of RTKs in breast cancer and describe some mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
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110
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De Araújo RF, Pessoa JB, Cruz LJ, Chan AB, De Castro Miguel E, Cavalcante RS, Brito GAC, Silva HFO, Gasparotto LHS, Guedes PMM, Araújo AA. Apoptosis in human liver carcinoma caused by gold nanoparticles in combination with carvedilol is mediated via modulation of MAPK/Akt/mTOR pathway and EGFR/FAAD proteins. Int J Oncol 2017; 52:189-200. [PMID: 29115423 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancers, apoptosis signaling pathways and cell survival and growth pathways responsible for resistance to conventional treatments, such as Pi3K/Akt/mTOR and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) become dysregulated. Recently, alternative treatments to promote tumor cell death have become important. The present study reports on the antitumor and cytoprotective action of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and carvedilol in combination and in isolated application. Apoptosis was analyzed by FITC/propidium iodide staining flow cytometry; caspase-3, caspase-8, Bcl-2 and MAPK/ERK activity by immunofluorescence microscopy; gene expression of proteins related to cell death as Akt, mTOR, EGFR, MDR1, survivin, FADD and Apaf, by the real-time PCR; and western blot analysis for MAPK/ERK, Akt and mTOR. Oxidative stress evaluation was performed by reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Intracellular GNPs targets were identified by transmission electron microscopy. After exposure to a combination of GNPs (6.25 µg/ml) and carvedilol (3 µM), death as promoted by apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry, for expression of pro-apoptotic proteins FADD, caspase-3, caspase-8 and sub-regulation of anti-apoptotic MAPK/ERK, Akt, mTOR, EGFR and MDR1 resistance. Non-tumor cell cytoprotection with GSH elevation and MDA reduction levels was detected. GNPs were identified within the cell near to the nucleus when combined with carvedilol. The combination of GNP and carvedilol promoted downregulation of anti-apoptotic and drug resistance genes, over-regulation of pro-apoptotic proteins in tumor cells, as well as cytoprotection of non-tumor cells with reduction of apoptosis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimundo F De Araújo
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Jonas B Pessoa
- Post Graduation Programme in Structural and Functional Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alan B Chan
- Percuros B.V., 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rômulo S Cavalcante
- Post Graduation Programme in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Gerly Anne C Brito
- Department of Morphology/Postgraduate Program in Morphology/UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Heloiza Fernada O Silva
- Group of Biological Chemistry and Chemometrics, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Luiz H S Gasparotto
- Group of Biological Chemistry and Chemometrics, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Paulo M M Guedes
- Department of Parasitology and Microbiology and Post Graduation Program in Parasitary Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Aurigena A Araújo
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Post Graduation Programme in Public Health, Post Graduation Programme in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, RN, Brazil
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111
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Contreras-Naranjo JC, Wu HJ, Ugaz VM. Microfluidics for exosome isolation and analysis: enabling liquid biopsy for personalized medicine. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3558-3577. [PMID: 28832692 PMCID: PMC5656537 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00592j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, the smallest sized extracellular vesicles (∽30-150 nm) packaged with lipids, proteins, functional messenger RNAs and microRNAs, and double-stranded DNA from their cells of origin, have emerged as key players in intercellular communication. Their presence in bodily fluids, where they protect their cargo from degradation, makes them attractive candidates for clinical application as innovative diagnostic and therapeutic tools. But routine isolation and analysis of high purity exosomes in clinical settings is challenging, with conventional methods facing a number of drawbacks including low yield and/or purity, long processing times, high cost, and difficulties in standardization. Here we review a promising solution, microfluidic-based technologies that have incorporated a host of separation and sensing capabilities for exosome isolation, detection, and analysis, with emphasis on point-of-care and clinical applications. These new capabilities promise to advance fundamental research while paving the way toward routine exosome-based liquid biopsy for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C Contreras-Naranjo
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
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112
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Yaghjyan L, Stoll E, Ghosh K, Scott CG, Jensen MR, Brandt KR, Visscher D, Vachon CM. Tissue-based associations of mammographic breast density with breast stem cell markers. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:100. [PMID: 28851411 PMCID: PMC5576318 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mammographic breast density is a well-established, strong breast cancer risk factor but the biology underlying this association remains unclear. Breast density may reflect underlying alterations in the size and activity of the breast stem cell pool. We examined, for the first time, associations of CD44, CD24, and aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A1 (ALDH1A1) breast stem cell markers with breast density. Methods We included in this study 64 asymptomatic healthy women who previously volunteered for a unique biopsy study of normal breast tissue at the Mayo Clinic (2006-2008). Mammographically identified dense and non-dense areas were confirmed/localized by ultrasound and biopsied. Immunohistochemical analysis of the markers was performed according to a standard protocol and the staining was assessed by a single blinded pathologist. In core biopsy samples retrieved from areas of high vs. low density within the same woman, we compared staining extent and an expression score (the product of staining intensity and extent), using the signed rank test. All tests of statistical significance were two-sided. Results A total of 64, 28, and 10 women were available for CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1 staining, respectively. For all three markers, we found higher levels of staining extent in dense as compared to non-dense tissue, though for CD24 and ALDH1A1 the difference did not reach statistical significance (CD44, 6.3% vs. 2.0%, p < 0.001; CD24, 8.0% vs. 5.6%, p = 0.10; and ALDH1A1, 0.5% vs. 0.3%, p = 0.12). The expression score for CD44 was significantly greater in dense as compared to non-dense tissue (9.8 vs.3.0, p < 0.001). Conclusions Our findings suggest an increased presence and/or activity of stem cells in dense as compared to non-dense breast tissue. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0889-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Yaghjyan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Ethan Stoll
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Karthik Ghosh
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Christopher G Scott
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Matthew R Jensen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kathleen R Brandt
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Daniel Visscher
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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113
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Gingras I, Gebhart G, de Azambuja E, Piccart-Gebhart M. HER2-positive breast cancer is lost in translation: time for patient-centered research. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2017; 14:669-681. [PMID: 28762384 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
No biomarker beyond HER2 itself, which suffers from a low positive predictive value, has demonstrated clinical utility in breast cancer, despite numerous attempts to improve treatment tailoring for the growing number of anti-HER2 targeted therapies. This prompted us to examine the body of evidence, using a systematic approach, to identify putative predictive biomarkers in HER2-positive breast cancer, and discuss the hitherto failure to address the needs of patients. In the future, it is hoped immune-based biomarkers will predict benefit from anti-HER2 treatments in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. In advanced-stage disease, the quantification of tumour heterogeneity using molecular-imaging technology has generated informative data on the success or failure of the antibody-drug conjugate T-DM1. Treatment tailoring remains a high priority, in cost-constrained health-care systems, but such tailoring will require a dramatic shift in the way translational research is being conducted, with the establishment of large, easily accessible, and well-annotated databases of candidate predictive biomarkers. Single-centre biomarker research should become a thing of the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Gingras
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400 Boulevard Gouin Ouest, H4J 1C5, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Géraldine Gebhart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), 1, rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evandro de Azambuja
- Medical Support Team of the Academic Promoting Team (APT), Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), 1, rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine Piccart-Gebhart
- Department of Medicine, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), 1, rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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114
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Ertaylan G, Le Cornet C, van Roekel EH, Jung AY, Bours MJL, Damms-Machado A, van den Brandt PA, Schock H, de Kok TM, Theys J, Arts ICW, Kaaks R, Weijenberg MP, Fortner RT. A Comparative Study on the WCRF International/University of Bristol Methodology for Systematic Reviews of Mechanisms Underpinning Exposure-Cancer Associations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:1583-1594. [PMID: 28754794 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) International and the University of Bristol have developed a novel framework for providing an overview of mechanistic pathways and conducting a systematic literature review of the biologically plausible mechanisms underlying exposure-cancer associations. Two teams independently applied the two-stage framework on mechanisms underpinning the association between body fatness and breast cancer to test the framework feasibility and reproducibility as part of a WCRF-commissioned validation study. In stage I, a "hypothesis-free" approach was used to provide an overview of potential intermediate mechanisms between body fatness and breast cancer. Dissimilar rankings of potential mechanisms were observed between the two teams due to different applications of the framework. In stage II, a systematic review was conducted on the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) chosen as an intermediate mechanism. Although the studies included differed, both teams found inconclusive evidence for the body fatness-IGF1R association and modest evidence linking IGF1R to breast cancer, and therefore concluded that there is currently weak evidence for IGF1R as mechanism linking body fatness to breast cancer. The framework is a good starting point for conducting systematic reviews by integrating evidence from mechanistic studies on exposure-cancer associations. On the basis of our experience, we provide recommendations for future users. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(11); 1583-94. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Ertaylan
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Le Cornet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eline H van Roekel
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Audrey Y Jung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martijn J L Bours
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Antje Damms-Machado
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Piet A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Helena Schock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theo M de Kok
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Theys
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ilja C W Arts
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matty P Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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115
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Guo Z, Zhao M, Howard EW, Zhao Q, Parris AB, Ma Z, Yang X. Phenformin inhibits growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells through targeting the IGF1R pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60342-60357. [PMID: 28947975 PMCID: PMC5601143 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports suggest that metformin, a popular anti-diabetes drug, prevents breast cancer through various systemic effects, including insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR) regulation. Although the anti-cancer properties of metformin have been well-studied, reports on a more bioavailable/potent biguanide, phenformin, remain sparse. Phenformin exerts similar functional activity to metformin and has been reported to impede mammary carcinogenesis in rats. Since the effects of phenformin on specific breast cancer subtypes have not been fully explored, we used ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cell and animal models to test the anti-cancer potential of phenformin. We report that phenformin (25-75 μM) decreased cell proliferation and impaired cell cycle progression in SKBR3 and 78617 breast cancer cells. Reduced tumor size after phenformin treatment (30 mg/kg/day) was demonstrated in an MMTV-ErbB2 transgenic mouse syngeneic tumor model. Phenformin also blocked epithelial-mesenchymal transition, decreased the invasive phenotype, and suppressed receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, including insulin receptor substrate 1 and IGF1R, in ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells and mouse mammary tumor-derived tissues. Moreover, phenformin suppressed IGF1-stimulated proliferation, receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in vitro. Together, our study implicates phenformin-mediated IGF1/IGF1R regulation as a potential anti-cancer mechanism and supports the development of phenformin and other biguanides as breast cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Guo
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erin W Howard
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Qingxia Zhao
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda B Parris
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhikun Ma
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xiaohe Yang
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
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116
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Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) plays a key role in proliferation, growth, differentiation, and development of several human malignancies including breast and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. IGF-1R targeted immunotherapeutic approaches are particularly attractive, as they may potentially elicit even stronger antitumor responses than traditional targeted approaches. Cancer peptide vaccines can produce immunologic responses against cancer cells by triggering helper T cell (Th) or cytotoxic T cells (CTL) in association with Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I or II molecules on the cell surface of antigen presenting cells. In our previous study, we set a technique based on molecular docking in order to find the best MHC class I and II binder peptides using GOLD. In the present work, molecular docking analyses on a library consisting of 30 peptides mimicking discontinuous epitopes from IGF-1R extracellular domain identified peptides 249 and 86, as the best MHC binder peptides to both MHC class I and II molecules. The receptors most often targeted by peptide 249 are HLA-DR4, HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR2 and those most often targeted by peptide 86 are HLA-DR4, HLA-DP2 and HLA-DR3. These findings, based on bioinformatics analyses, can be conducted in further experimental analyses in cancer therapy and vaccine design.
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117
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Abstract
The type I insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor is a well-described target in breast cancer and multiple clinical trials examining insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor have been completed. Unfortunately, monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor failed in phase III breast clinical trials for several reasons. First, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor antibody therapy resulted in hyperglycemia and metabolic syndrome most likely due to disruption of insulin-like growth factor-1 homeostasis and subsequent growth hormone elevation. Growth hormone elevation induces insulin resistance, hence a subsequent elevation of insulin and the potential for activation of insulin receptor. Second, the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and insulin receptor are highly homologous in amino acid sequence, structure, and function. These two receptors bind insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor-2, to regulate glucose uptake and other cellular functions. Hybrid receptors composed of one chain of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and insulin receptor also participate in signaling. Third, since all the monoclonal antibodies were specific for insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, any pathophysiologic role for insulin receptor was not inhibited. While the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors effectively inhibited both insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and insulin receptor, these drugs are not being further developed likely due to their metabolic toxicities. Insulin-like growth factor-1/2 neutralizing antibodies are still being studied in early phase clinical trials. Perhaps a more comprehensive strategy of targeting the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor network would be successful. For example, targeting receptor, ligand and downstream signaling molecules such as phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase or particularly the insulin receptor substrate adapter proteins might result in a complete blockade of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor/insulin receptor biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roudy Chiminch Ekyalongo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MMC 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Douglas Yee
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MMC 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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118
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Rahman M, MacNeil SM, Jenkins DF, Shrestha G, Wyatt SR, McQuerry JA, Piccolo SR, Heiser LM, Gray JW, Johnson WE, Bild AH. Activity of distinct growth factor receptor network components in breast tumors uncovers two biologically relevant subtypes. Genome Med 2017; 9:40. [PMID: 28446242 PMCID: PMC5406893 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growth factor receptor network (GFRN) plays a significant role in driving key oncogenic processes. However, assessment of global GFRN activity is challenging due to complex crosstalk among GFRN components, or pathways, and the inability to study complex signaling networks in patient tumors. Here, pathway-specific genomic signatures were used to interrogate GFRN activity in breast tumors and the consequent phenotypic impact of GRFN activity patterns. METHODS Novel pathway signatures were generated in human primary mammary epithelial cells by overexpressing key genes from GFRN pathways (HER2, IGF1R, AKT1, EGFR, KRAS (G12V), RAF1, BAD). The pathway analysis toolkit Adaptive Signature Selection and InteGratioN (ASSIGN) was used to estimate pathway activity for GFRN components in 1119 breast tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and across 55 breast cancer cell lines from the Integrative Cancer Biology Program (ICBP43). These signatures were investigated for their relationship to pro- and anti-apoptotic protein expression and drug response in breast cancer cell lines. RESULTS Application of these signatures to breast tumor gene expression data identified two novel discrete phenotypes characterized by concordant, aberrant activation of either the HER2, IGF1R, and AKT pathways ("the survival phenotype") or the EGFR, KRAS (G12V), RAF1, and BAD pathways ("the growth phenotype"). These phenotypes described a significant amount of the variability in the total expression data across breast cancer tumors and characterized distinctive patterns in apoptosis evasion and drug response. The growth phenotype expressed lower levels of BIM and higher levels of MCL-1 proteins. Further, the growth phenotype was more sensitive to common chemotherapies and targeted therapies directed at EGFR and MEK. Alternatively, the survival phenotype was more sensitive to drugs inhibiting HER2, PI3K, AKT, and mTOR, but more resistant to chemotherapies. CONCLUSIONS Gene expression profiling revealed a bifurcation pattern in GFRN activity represented by two discrete phenotypes. These phenotypes correlate to unique mechanisms of apoptosis and drug response and have the potential of pinpointing targetable aberration(s) for more effective breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtahena Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Shelley M MacNeil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David F Jenkins
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gajendra Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Sydney R Wyatt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Jasmine A McQuerry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stephen R Piccolo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Laura M Heiser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joe W Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - W Evan Johnson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea H Bild
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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119
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Liu Y, Wang W, Li Y, Sun F, Lin J, Li L. CKS1BP7, a Pseudogene of CKS1B, is Co-Amplified with IGF1R in Breast Cancers. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 24:223-229. [PMID: 28439706 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pseudogenes have been reported to exhibit functional roles. Amplification or overexpression of CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 1B (CKS1B) was found in various human cancers. But it was known little about CKS1B pseudogene 7 (CKS1BP7), a pseudogene sharing considerable sequence identity with CKS1B. The aim of this study was to evaluate copy number alterations (CNAs) of CKS1BP7 and address its potential roles in breast cancer. We detected copy numbers of CKS1BP7 and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) using quantitative multi-gene fluorescence in situ hybridization (QM-FISH) technique, compared their status in both invasive carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) components within the same tumors, and investigated the associations of CNAs with tumor features and patients outcomes. Amplification of CKS1BP7 (dot-like pattern) was found in 28.8% of all cases, while amplified IGF1R (cluster pattern) was identified in 24.2% of all patients. The two events often co-existed (p = 0.01). Within the same tumors, identical CNAs of CKS1BP7 and IGF1R were found in DCIS and invasive carcinoma. Moreover, amplification of both genes was more frequent in aneuploidy tumors and the tumors with high ki67, but wasn't associated with patients' outcome. In summary, CKS1BP7 amplification is a frequent event in breast cancer and often co-occurs with amplified IGF1R, which provides evidence supporting the interactions between CKS1BP7 and IGF1R during mammary carcinogenesis. Our findings suggest that CKS1BP7 as well as IGF1R may serve as potential biomarkers for early detection and predict prognosis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Western Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, 44#Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxiang Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, 44#Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, 44#Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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120
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Oncolytic viruses: emerging options for the treatment of breast cancer. Med Oncol 2017; 34:43. [PMID: 28185165 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-0899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer among women and is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths, following lung cancer. Severe toxicity associated with a long-term use of BC chemo- and radiotherapy makes it essential to look for newer therapeutics. Additionally, molecular heterogeneity at both intratumoral and intertumoral levels among BC subtypes is known to result in a differential response to standard therapeutics. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as one of the most promising treatment options for BC. Many preclinical and clinical studies have shown that OVs are effective in treating BC, both as a single therapeutic agent and as a part of combination therapies. Combination therapies involving multimodal therapeutics including OVs are becoming popular as they allow to achieve the synergistic therapeutic effects, while minimizing the associated toxicities. Here, we review the OVs for BC therapy in preclinical studies and in clinical trials, both as a monotherapy and as part of a combination therapy. We also briefly discuss the potential therapeutic targets for BC, as these are likely to be critical for the development of new OVs.
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121
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Ter Braak B, Siezen CL, Lee JS, Rao P, Voorhoeve C, Ruppin E, van der Laan JW, van de Water B. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor activation promotes mammary gland tumor development by increasing glycolysis and promoting biomass production. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:14. [PMID: 28173837 PMCID: PMC5297135 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling axis plays a major role in tumorigenesis. In a previous experiment, we chronically treated mice with several agonists of the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R). We found that chronic treatment with insulin analogues with high affinity towards the IGF1R (IGF1 and X10) decreased the mammary gland tumor latency time in a p53R270H/+WAPCre mouse model. Frequent injections with insulin analogues that only mildly activated the IGF1R in vivo (glargine and insulin) did not significantly decrease the tumor latency time in this mouse model. Methods Here, we performed next-generation RNA sequencing (40 million, 100 bp reads) on 50 mammary gland tumors to unravel the underlying mechanisms of IGF1R-promoted tumorigenesis. Mutational profiling of the individual tumors was performed to screen for treatment-specific mutations. The transcriptomic data were used to construct a support vector machine (SVM) classifier so that the phenotypic characteristics of tumors exposed to the different insulin analogue treatments could be predicted. For translational purposes, we ran the same classifiers on transcriptomic (micro-array) data of insulin analogue-exposed human breast cancer cell lines. Genome-scale metabolic modeling was performed with iMAT. Results We found that chronic X10 and IGF1 treatment resulted in tumors with an increased and sustained proliferative and invasive transcriptomic profile. Furthermore, a Warburg-like effect with increased glycolysis was observed in tumors of the X10/IGF1 groups and, to a lesser extent, also in glargine-induced tumors. A metabolic flux analysis revealed that this enhanced glycolysis programming in X10/IGF1 tumors was associated with increased biomass production programs. Although none of the treatments induced genetic instability or enhanced mutagenesis, mutations in Ezh2 and Hras were enriched in X10/IGF1 treatment tumors. Conclusions Overall, these data suggest that the decreased mammary gland tumor latency time caused by chronic IGF1R activation is related to modulation of tumor progression rather than increased tumor initiation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0802-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Ter Braak
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333, CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Siezen
- Medicines Evaluation Board (MEB), Graadt van Roggenweg 500, 3531, AH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joo S Lee
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Pooja Rao
- ServiceXS, Plesmanlaan 1 /D, 2333, BZ, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Voorhoeve
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333, CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Jan Willem van der Laan
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333, CC, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Medicines Evaluation Board (MEB), Graadt van Roggenweg 500, 3531, AH, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721, MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333, CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Rugo HS, Vidula N, Ma C. Improving Response to Hormone Therapy in Breast Cancer: New Targets, New Therapeutic Options. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 35:e40-54. [PMID: 27249746 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_159198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The majority of breast cancer expresses the estrogen and or progesterone receptors (ER and PR). In tumors without concomitant HER2 amplification, hormone therapy is a major treatment option for all disease stages. Resistance to hormonal therapy is associated with disease recurrence and progression. Recent studies have identified a number of resistance mechanisms leading to estrogen-independent growth of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer as a result of genetic and epigenetic alterations, which could be exploited as novel therapeutic targets. These include acquired mutations in ER-alpha (ESR1) in response to endocrine deprivation; constitutive activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4 and 6; cross talk between ER and growth factor receptor signaling such as HER family members, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathways, intracellular growth, and survival signals PI3K/Akt/mTOR; and epigenetic modifications by histone deacetylase (HDAC) as well as interactions with tumor microenvironment and host immune response. Inhibitors of these pathways are being developed to improve efficacy of hormonal therapy for treatment of both metastatic and early-stage disease. Two agents are currently approved in the United States for the treatment of metastatic HR+ breast cancer, including the mTOR inhibitor everolimus and the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. Management of toxicity is a critical aspect of treatment; the primary toxicity of everolimus is stomatitis (treated with topical steroids) and of palbociclib is neutropenia (treated with dose reduction/delay). Many agents are in clinical trials, primarily in combination with hormone therapy; novel combinations are under active investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope S Rugo
- From the UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; University of San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Neelima Vidula
- From the UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; University of San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Cynthia Ma
- From the UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; University of San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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Cohen-Sinai T, Cohen Z, Werner H, Berger R. Identification of BRCA1 As a Potential Biomarker for Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Targeted Therapy in Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:148. [PMID: 28706506 PMCID: PMC5489552 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) emerged in recent years as a promising therapeutic target in oncology. Identification of potential biomarkers capable of predicting response to IGF1R-targeted therapy is of cardinal importance. Tumor suppressor BRCA1 has important roles in multiple pathways, including gene transcription, DNA damage repair, and control of apoptosis. Early studies have identified the IGF1R gene as a downstream target for inhibitory regulation by wild-type, but not mutant, BRCA1. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hypothesis that the mutational status of BRCA1 may influence the ability of IGF1R-directed therapies to efficiently inhibit the IGF1R axis. Using breast cancer-derived cell lines expressing a wild-type or a mutant BRCA1, we demonstrate that the capacity of MK-0646, a monoclonal antibody antagonist to the human IGF1R, to inhibit insulin-like growth factor-1-stimulated IGF1R and downstream mediators' phosphorylation was impaired in mutant BRCA1-expressing cell lines. In addition, the antibody was able to reduce proliferation of wild-type BRCA1-expressing cells but had a reduced inhibitory effect in mutant BRCA1-expressing cells. In summary, our data indicate that the mutational status of BRCA1 must be taken into account when selecting patients for IGF1R targeting protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Cohen-Sinai
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Zoya Cohen
- Institute of Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Haim Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Yoran Institute for Human Genome Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Haim Werner,
| | - Raanan Berger
- Institute of Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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Poloz Y, Dowling RJO, Stambolic V. Fundamental Pathways in Breast Cancer 1: Signaling from the Membrane. Breast Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48848-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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125
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Radhi S. Molecular Changes During Breast Cancer and Mechanisms of Endocrine Therapy Resistance. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 144:539-562. [PMID: 27865467 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are expressed in 75% of breast cancers. ERs and their estrogen ligands play a key role in the development and progression of breast cancer. ERs have a genomic activity involving direct modulation of expression of genes vital to cell growth and survival by their classic nuclear receptors. The nongenomic activity is mediated by membrane receptor tyrosine kinases that activate signaling pathways resulting in activation of ER pathway modulators. Endocrine therapies inhibit the growth promoting activity of estrogen. ERs-positive breast cancers can exhibit de novo or acquired endocrine resistance. The mechanisms of endocrine therapy resistance are complex include deregulation of ER pathway, growth factor receptor signaling, cell cycle machinery, and tumor microenvironment. In this chapter, we will review the literature on the biology of ERs, the postulated mechanisms of endocrine therapy resistance, and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Radhi
- Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.
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Farabaugh SM, Chan BT, Cui X, Dearth RK, Lee AV. Lack of interaction between ErbB2 and insulin receptor substrate signaling in breast cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2016; 14:25. [PMID: 27765041 PMCID: PMC5073819 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-016-0148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ErbB2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2 (ErbB2, HER2/Neu) is amplified in breast cancer and associated with poor prognosis. Growing evidence suggests interplay between ErbB2 and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling. For example, ErbB2 inhibitors can block IGF-induced signaling while, conversely, IGF1R inhibitors can inhibit ErbB2 action. ErbB receptors can bind and phosphorylate insulin receptor substrates (IRS) and this may be critical for ErbB-mediated anti-estrogen resistance in breast cancer. Herein, we examined crosstalk between ErbB2 and IRSs using cancer cell lines and transgenic mouse models. Methods MMTV-ErbB2 and MMTV-IRS2 transgenic mice were crossed to create hemizygous MMTV-ErbB2/MMTV-IRS2 bigenic mice. Signaling crosstalk between ErbB2 and IRSs was examined in vitro by knockdown or overexpression followed by western blot analysis for downstream signaling intermediates and growth assays. Results A cross between MMTV-ErbB2 and MMTV-IRS2 mice demonstrated no enhancement of ErbB2 mediated mammary tumorigenesis or metastasis by elevated IRS2. Substantiating this, overexpression or knockdown of IRS1 or IRS2 in MMTV-ErbB2 mammary cancer cell lines had little effect upon ErbB2 signaling. Similar results were obtained in human mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A) and breast cancer cell lines. Conclusion Despite previous evidence suggesting that ErbB receptors can bind and activate IRSs, our findings indicate that ErbB2 does not cooperate with the IRS pathway in these models to promote mammary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Farabaugh
- Women's Cancer Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Magee Women's Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, Room A412, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Bonita T Chan
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert K Dearth
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Adrian V Lee
- Women's Cancer Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Magee Women's Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, Room A412, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Motallebnezhad M, Younesi V, Aghebati-Maleki L, Nickho H, Safarzadeh E, Ahmadi M, Movassaghpour AA, Hosseini A, Yousefi M. Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of a specific anti-insulin-like growth factor I receptor single chain antibody on breast cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14841-14850. [PMID: 27639384 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) is expressed on breast cancer cells and involves in metastasis, survival, and proliferation. Currently, application of IGF-IR-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), alone or in combination with other drugs, is a promising strategy for breast cancer therapy. Single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies have been introduced as appropriate tools for tumor-targeting purposes because of their advantages over whole antibodies. In the present study, we employed a naïve phage library and isolated scFvs against a specific epitope from extracellular domain of IGF-IR by panning process. The selected scFvs were further characterized using polyclonal and monoclonal phage ELISA, soluble monoclonal ELISA, and colony PCR and sequencing. Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of selected scFv antibodies on breast cancer cell lines were also evaluated by MTT and Annexin V/PI assays. The results of ELISA indicated specific reactions of the isolated scFvs against the IGF-IR peptide, and analyses of PCR product and sequencing confirmed the presence of full length VH and Vκ inserts. Treatment of MCF7 and SKBR3 cells with anti-IGF-IR scFv led to a significant growth inhibition. The results also showed that scFv treatment significantly augmented trastuzumab growth inhibitory effects on SKBR3 cells. The percentage of the apoptotic MCF7 and SKBR3 cells after 24-h treatment with scFv was 39 and 30.70 %, respectively. Twenty-four-hour treatment with scFv in combination with trastuzumab resulted in 44.75 % apoptosis of SKBR3 cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the targeting of IGF-IR by scFv can be an effective strategy in the treatment of breast cancer and provide further evidence for effectiveness of dual targeting of HER2 and IGF-IR in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Motallebnezhad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Younesi
- Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Pishtaz Teb Diagnostics, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Nickho
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Safarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hosseini
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Erdem C, Nagle AM, Casa AJ, Litzenburger BC, Wang YF, Taylor DL, Lee AV, Lezon TR. Proteomic Screening and Lasso Regression Reveal Differential Signaling in Insulin and Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF1) Pathways. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3045-57. [PMID: 27364358 PMCID: PMC5013316 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.057729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1) influence cancer risk and progression through poorly understood mechanisms. To better understand the roles of insulin and IGF1 signaling in breast cancer, we combined proteomic screening with computational network inference to uncover differences in IGF1 and insulin induced signaling. Using reverse phase protein array, we measured the levels of 134 proteins in 21 breast cancer cell lines stimulated with IGF1 or insulin for up to 48 h. We then constructed directed protein expression networks using three separate methods: (i) lasso regression, (ii) conventional matrix inversion, and (iii) entropy maximization. These networks, named here as the time translation models, were analyzed and the inferred interactions were ranked by differential magnitude to identify pathway differences. The two top candidates, chosen for experimental validation, were shown to regulate IGF1/insulin induced phosphorylation events. First, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) knock-down was shown to increase the level of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Second, stable knock-down of E-Cadherin increased the phospho-Akt protein levels. Both of the knock-down perturbations incurred phosphorylation responses stronger in IGF1 stimulated cells compared with insulin. Overall, the time-translation modeling coupled to wet-lab experiments has proven to be powerful in inferring differential interactions downstream of IGF1 and insulin signaling, in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Erdem
- From the ‡Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; §University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alison M Nagle
- ¶Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; ‖Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Angelo J Casa
- **Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Beate C Litzenburger
- **Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yu-Fen Wang
- **Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - D Lansing Taylor
- From the ‡Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; §University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Adrian V Lee
- ¶Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; ‖Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; ‡‡Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy R Lezon
- From the ‡Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; §University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
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The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) in breast cancer: biology and treatment strategies. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11711-11721. [PMID: 27444280 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Although patients are often diagnosed in the early and curable stages, the treatment of metastatic breast cancer remains a major clinical challenge. The combination of chemotherapy with new targeting agents, such as bevacizumab, is helpful in improving patient survival; however, novel treatment strategies are required to improve clinical outcomes. The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) is a tyrosine kinase cell surface receptor which is involved in the regulation of cell growth and metabolism. Previous studies have shown that activation of the IGF-IR signaling pathway promotes proliferation, survival, and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Additionally, overexpression of IGF-IR is associated with breast cancer cell resistance to anticancer therapies. Recently, IGF-IR has been introduced as a marker of stemness in breast cancer cells and there is also accumulating evidence that IGF-IR contributes to the establishment and maintenance of breast cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Therefore, pharmacological or molecular targeting of IGF-IR could be a promising strategy, in the treatment of patients with breast cancer, particularly in order to circumvent the therapeutic resistance and targeting breast cancer stem/progenitors. Currently, many strategies have been developed for targeting IGF-IR, some have entered clinical trials and some are in preclinical stages for breast cancer therapy. In this review, we will first discuss on the biology of IGF-IR in an attempt to find the role of this receptor in breast cancer and then discuss about therapeutic strategies to target this receptor.
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Kolb R, Sutterwala FS, Zhang W. Obesity and cancer: inflammation bridges the two. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 29:77-89. [PMID: 27429211 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing public health problem and affects 35% US adults. Obesity increases the risk of many cancer types and is associated with poor outcomes. Clinical management of cancer patients has been essentially the same between normal weight and obese individuals. Understanding causal mechanisms by which obesity drives cancer initiation and progression is essential for the development of novel precision therapy for obese cancer patients. One caveat is that various mechanisms have been proposed for different cancer types for their progression under obesity. Since obesity is known to have global impact on inflammation, here we will summarize recent literature and discuss the potential of inflammation being the common causal mechanism to promote cancer promotion across cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kolb
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Fayyaz S Sutterwala
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Cancer Genes and Pathway Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Suppression of SOX18 by siRNA inhibits cell growth and invasion of breast cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3721-7. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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