101
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Kuroda M, Halfmann P, Kawaoka Y. HER2-mediated enhancement of Ebola virus entry. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008900. [PMID: 33052961 PMCID: PMC7556532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple cell surface molecules including TAM receptors (TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK), a family of tyrosine kinase receptors, can serve as attachment receptors for Ebola virus (EBOV) entry into cells. The interaction of these receptors with EBOV particles is believed to trigger the initial internalization events that lead to macropinocytosis. However, the details of how these interactions lead to EBOV internalization have yet to be elucidated. Here, we screened receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors for anti-EBOV activity by using our previously established biologically contained Ebola virus that lacks the VP30 gene (EBOVΔVP30) and identified several RTKs, including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), as potential targets of anti-EBOV inhibitors and as novel host factors that have a role in EBOV infection. Of these identified RTKs, it was only HER2 whose knockdown by siRNAs impaired EBOVΔVP30-induced AKT1 phosphorylation, an event that is required for AKT1 activation and subsequent macropinocytosis. Stable expression of HER2 resulted in constitutive activation of AKT1, resulting in the enhancement of EBOVΔVP30 growth, EBOV GP-mediated entry, and macropinocytosis. Moreover, we found that HER2 interacts with the TAM receptors, and in particular forms a complex with TYRO3 and EBOVΔVP30 particles on the cell surface. Interestingly, HER2 was required for EBOVΔVP30-induced TYRO3 and AKT1 activation, but the other TAM receptors (TYRO3 and MERTK) were not essential for EBOVΔVP30-induced HER2 and AKT1 activation. Our findings demonstrate that HER2 plays an important role in EBOV entry and provide novel insights for the development of therapeutics against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kuroda
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Peter Halfmann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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102
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Lee SW, Commisso C. Rac1 and EGFR cooperate to activate Pak in response to nutrient stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:437-441. [PMID: 32972756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between nutrient scarcity and signal transduction circuits is an important aspect of tumorigenesis that regulates many aspects of cancer progression. Glutamine is a critical nutrient for cancer cells, as it contributes to biosynthetic reactions that sustain cancer proliferation and growth. In tumors, because nutrient utilization can often outpace supply, glutamine levels can become limiting and oncogene-mediated metabolic rewiring triggers signaling cascades that support nutrient stress survival. Recently, we identified that in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, glutamine depletion can trigger p21-activated kinase (Pak) activation through EGFR signaling as a means to circumvent metabolic stress. Here, we elucidate that glutamine starvation, as well EGF stimulation, can enhance the presence of many different Pak phosphoforms, and that this activation only occurs in a subset of PDAC cells. Pak is a well-established effector of Rac1, and while Rac1 mutant variants can modulate the metabolic induction of Pak phosphorylation, Rac1 inhibition only partially attenuates Pak activation upon glutamine depletion. We decipher that in order to efficiently suppress metabolic activation of Pak, both EGFR and Rac1 signaling must be inhibited. These results provide a mechanistic understanding of how glutamine-regulated signal transduction can control Pak activation in PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Wei Lee
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Cosimo Commisso
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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103
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Yoo DY, Barros SA, Brown GC, Rabot C, Bar-Sagi D, Arora PS. Macropinocytosis as a Key Determinant of Peptidomimetic Uptake in Cancer Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14461-14471. [PMID: 32786217 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peptides and peptidomimetics represent the middle space between small molecules and large proteins-they retain the relatively small size and synthetic accessibility of small molecules while providing high binding specificity for biomolecular partners typically observed with proteins. During the course of our efforts to target intracellular protein-protein interactions in cancer, we observed that the cellular uptake of peptides is critically determined by the cell line-specifically, we noted that peptides show better uptake in cancer cells with enhanced macropinocytic indices. Here, we describe the results of our analysis of cellular penetration by different classes of conformationally stabilized peptides. We tested the uptake of linear peptides, peptide macrocycles, stabilized helices, β-hairpin peptides, and cross-linked helix dimers in 11 different cell lines. Efficient uptake of these conformationally defined constructs directly correlated with the macropinocytic activity of each cell line: high uptake of compounds was observed in cells with mutations in certain signaling pathways. Significantly, the study shows that constrained peptides follow the same uptake mechanism as proteins in macropinocytic cells, but unlike proteins, peptide mimics can be readily designed to resist denaturation and proteolytic degradation. Our findings expand the current understanding of cellular uptake in cancer cells by designed peptidomimetics and suggest that cancer cells with certain mutations are suitable mediums for the study of biological pathways with peptide leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Stephanie A Barros
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Gordon C Brown
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Christian Rabot
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Dafna Bar-Sagi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Paramjit S Arora
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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104
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Lin XP, Mintern JD, Gleeson PA. Macropinocytosis in Different Cell Types: Similarities and Differences. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10080177. [PMID: 32756454 PMCID: PMC7463864 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10080177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a unique pathway of endocytosis characterised by the nonspecific internalisation of large amounts of extracellular fluid, solutes and membrane in large endocytic vesicles known as macropinosomes. Macropinocytosis is important in a range of physiological processes, including antigen presentation, nutrient sensing, recycling of plasma proteins, migration and signalling. It has become apparent in recent years from the study of specialised cells that there are multiple pathways of macropinocytosis utilised by different cell types, and some of these pathways are triggered by different stimuli. Understanding the physiological function of macropinocytosis requires knowledge of the regulation and fate of the macropinocytosis pathways in a range of cell types. Here, we compare the mechanisms of macropinocytosis in different primary and immortalised cells, identify the gaps in knowledge in the field and discuss the potential approaches to analyse the function of macropinocytosis in vivo.
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105
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D'Amore C, Moro E, Borgo C, Itami K, Hirota T, Pinna LA, Salvi M. "Janus" efficacy of CX-5011: CK2 inhibition and methuosis induction by independent mechanisms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118807. [PMID: 32745724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Methuosis has been described as a distinctive form of cell death characterized by the displacement of large fluid-filled vacuoles derived from uncontrolled macropinocytosis. Its induction has been proposed as a new strategy against cancer cells. Small molecules, such as indole-based calchones, have been identified as methuosis inducers and, recently, the CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 has been shown to have a similar effect on different cell types. However, the contribution of protein kinase CK2 to methuosis signalling is still controversial. Here we show that methuosis is not related to CK2 activity since it is not affected by structurally unrelated CK2 inhibitors and genetic reduction/ablation of CK2 subunits. Interestingly, CX-5011, a CK2 inhibitor related to CX-4945, behaves as a CK2-independent methuosis inducer, four times more powerful than its parental compound and capable to promote the formation on enlarged cytosolic vacuoles at low micromolar concentrations. We show that pharmacological inhibition of the small GTPase Rac-1, its downregulation by siRNA treatment, or the over-expression of the dominant-negative mutated form of Rac-1 (Rac-1 T17N), impairs CX-5011 ability to induce methuosis. Furthermore, cell treatment with CX-5011 induces a durable activation of Rac-1 that persists for at least 24 h. Worthy of note, CX-5011 is able to promote macropinocytosis not only in mammalian cells, but also in an in-vivo zebrafish model. Based on these evidences, CX-5011 is, therefore, proposed as a potential promising compound for cancer therapies for its dual efficacy as an inhibitor of the pro-survival kinase CK2 and inducer of methuosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio D'Amore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy.
| | - Enrico Moro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy
| | - Christian Borgo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hirota
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Lorenzo A Pinna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy; CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Salvi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy.
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106
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Stow JL, Hung Y, Wall AA. Macropinocytosis: Insights from immunology and cancer. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 65:131-140. [PMID: 32745890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is increasingly recognized for its versatile adaptations and functions as a highly conserved, ubiquitous pathway for the bulk uptake of fluid, particulate cargo, and membranes. Innate immune cells and transformed cancer cells share the capacity for both constitutive and induced macropinocytosis, which is used for immune surveillance, ingestion of pathogens, immune response shaping, and enhancement of scavenging for nutrients as fuel for cell survival and proliferation. Immunology and cancer biology are leading a resurgence of interest in defining the molecular and physiological regulation of macropinocytosis, partly in pursuit of ways to control macropinocytic uptake in disease settings. New approaches, including high-resolution live imaging, screening of cell surface molecular inventories, biophysics, and exploration of cell microenvironments, have converged to provide new insights into macropinosome induction, formation, and maturation. Recent studies reveal mechanisms for fluid control in and by macrophage macropinosomes that impinge on membrane trafficking and cell migration. EGFR, PTEN, V-ATPase, syndecan 1, and galectin-3 have roles variably in the metabolic regulation of Ras or PI3K signaling for Rac1-mediated macropinocytosis in cancer. These molecular pathways and mechanisms contribute to the impressive adaptability of macropinocytosis in many cells and tissues and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Yu Hung
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Adam A Wall
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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107
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Li F, Simon MC. Cancer Cells Don't Live Alone: Metabolic Communication within Tumor Microenvironments. Dev Cell 2020; 54:183-195. [PMID: 32640203 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumors reside in harsh tumor microenvironments (TMEs) together with various stromal cell types. During tumor progression and metastasis, both tumor and stromal cells undergo rapid metabolic adaptations. Tumor cells metabolically coordinate or compete with their "neighbors" to maintain biosynthetic and bioenergetic demands while escaping immunosurveillance or therapeutic interventions. Here, we provide an update on metabolic communication between tumor cells and heterogeneous stromal components in primary and metastatic TMEs and discuss emerging strategies to target metabolic communications for improved cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuming Li
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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108
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Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated interactions between the two leaflets in membrane bilayers and the importance of specific lipid species for such interaction and membrane function. We here discuss these investigations with a focus on the sphingolipid and cholesterol-rich lipid membrane domains called lipid rafts, including the small flask-shaped invaginations called caveolae, and the importance of such membrane structures in cell biology and cancer. We discuss the possible interactions between the very long-chain sphingolipids in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and the phosphatidylserine species PS 18:0/18:1 in the inner leaflet and the importance of cholesterol for such interactions. We challenge the view that lipid rafts contain a large fraction of lipids with two saturated fatty acyl groups and argue that it is important in future studies of membrane models to use asymmetric membrane bilayers with lipid species commonly found in cellular membranes. We also discuss the need for more quantitative lipidomic studies in order to understand membrane function and structure in general, and the importance of lipid rafts in biological systems. Finally, we discuss cancer-related changes in lipid rafts and lipid composition, with a special focus on changes in glycosphingolipids and the possibility of using lipid therapy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Skotland
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullernchausséen 70, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simona Kavaliauskiene
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullernchausséen 70, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten Sandvig
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullernchausséen 70, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
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109
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Hobbs GA, Der CJ. Binge Drinking: Macropinocytosis Promotes Tumorigenic Growth of RAS-Mutant Cancers. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:459-461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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110
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Intracellular hyaluronan: Importance for cellular functions. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 62:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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111
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Lee P, Chandel NS, Simon MC. Cellular adaptation to hypoxia through hypoxia inducible factors and beyond. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:268-283. [PMID: 32144406 PMCID: PMC7222024 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 606] [Impact Index Per Article: 151.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen (O2) sustains intracellular bioenergetics and is consumed by numerous biochemical reactions, making it essential for most species on Earth. Accordingly, decreased oxygen concentration (hypoxia) is a major stressor that generally subverts life of aerobic species and is a prominent feature of pathological states encountered in bacterial infection, inflammation, wounds, cardiovascular defects and cancer. Therefore, key adaptive mechanisms to cope with hypoxia have evolved in mammals. Systemically, these adaptations include increased ventilation, cardiac output, blood vessel growth and circulating red blood cell numbers. On a cellular level, ATP-consuming reactions are suppressed, and metabolism is altered until oxygen homeostasis is restored. A critical question is how mammalian cells sense oxygen levels to coordinate diverse biological outputs during hypoxia. The best-studied mechanism of response to hypoxia involves hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs), which are stabilized by low oxygen availability and control the expression of a multitude of genes, including those involved in cell survival, angiogenesis, glycolysis and invasion/metastasis. Importantly, changes in oxygen can also be sensed via other stress pathways as well as changes in metabolite levels and the generation of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria. Collectively, this leads to cellular adaptations of protein synthesis, energy metabolism, mitochondrial respiration, lipid and carbon metabolism as well as nutrient acquisition. These mechanisms are integral inputs into fine-tuning the responses to hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Lee
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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112
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Yamazaki S, Su Y, Maruyama A, Makinoshima H, Suzuki J, Tsuboi M, Goto K, Ochiai A, Ishii G. Uptake of collagen type I via macropinocytosis cause mTOR activation and anti-cancer drug resistance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:191-198. [PMID: 32201076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Collagen type I (Col I) is one of the major extracellular matrix proteins in the cancer tissue. Previously, we have reported that Col I induces epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) resistance by mTOR activation through Akt and ERK1/2 independent pathway. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of Col I induced EGFR-TKI resistance. First, we demonstrated the uptake of fluorescently labeled Col I by EGFR-mutated lung cancer cell line PC-9 cells using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Metabolome analysis revealed that the metabolic profiles of PC-9 cells was influenced by Col I treatment. Uptake of Col I into PC-9 cells was not inhibited by MMP inhibitor, GM6001, and endocytosis inhibitors, Pitstop2 and Dyngo4a; however, macropinocytosis inhibitor EIPA prevented its uptake. Moreover, the combination of EIPA and EGFR-TKI abrogated Col I-induced EGFR-TKI resistance in PC-9 cells. Inhibition of Rac1, which is essential for micropinocytosis, also decreased the uptake of Col I in PC-9 cells and restored their sensitivity to EGFR-TKI. Thus, EGFR mutated lung cancer cells could develop EGFR-TKI resistance by Col I uptake by macropinocytosis route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yinghan Su
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ami Maruyama
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hideki Makinoshima
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Jun Suzuki
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Genichiro Ishii
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
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113
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Abstract
Cellular metabolism is at the foundation of all biological activities. The catabolic processes that support cellular bioenergetics and survival have been well studied. By contrast, how cells alter their metabolism to support anabolic biomass accumulation is less well understood. During the commitment to cell proliferation, extensive metabolic rewiring must occur in order for cells to acquire sufficient nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, lipids and nucleotides, which are necessary to support cell growth and to deal with the redox challenges that arise from the increased metabolic activity associated with anabolic processes. Defining the mechanisms of this metabolic adaptation for cell growth and proliferation is now a major focus of research. Understanding the principles that guide anabolic metabolism may ultimately enhance ways to treat diseases that involve deregulated cell growth and proliferation, such as cancer.
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114
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Jiang G, Chen H, Huang J, Song Q, Chen Y, Gu X, Jiang Z, Huang Y, Lin Y, Feng J, Jiang J, Bao Y, Zheng G, Chen J, Chen H, Gao X. Tailored Lipoprotein-Like miRNA Delivery Nanostructure Suppresses Glioma Stemness and Drug Resistance through Receptor-Stimulated Macropinocytosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903290. [PMID: 32154087 PMCID: PMC7055550 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glioma initiating cells (GICs) function as the seed for the propagation and relapse of glioma. Designing a smart and efficient strategy to target the GICs and to suppress the multiple signaling pathways associated with stemness and chemoresistance is essential to achieving a cancer cure. Inspired by the metabolic difference in endocytosis between GICs, differentiated glioma cells, and normal cells, a tailored lipoprotein-like nanostructure is developed to amplify their internalization into GICs through receptor-stimulated macropinocytosis. As CXCR4 is highly expressed on GICs and glioma tumor sites, meanwhile, the activation of CXCR4 induces the receptor-stimulated macropinocytosis pathway in GICs, this CXCR4 receptor-stimulated lipoprotein-like nanoparticle (SLNP) achieves efficient accumulation in GICs in vitro and in vivo. By carrying microRNA-34a in the core, this tailored SLNP reduces sex-determining region Y-box 2 and Notch1 expression, powerfully inhibits GICs stemness and chemoresistance, and significantly prolongs the survival of GICs-bearing mice. Taken together, a tailored lipoprotein-based nanostructure realizes efficient GICs accumulation and therapeutic effect through receptor-stimulated macropinocytosis, providing a powerful nanoplatform for RNA interference drugs to combat glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical ResearchShuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine1200 Cailun RoadShanghai201210China
| | - Jialin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
- Department of Neurological SurgeryRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine1630 Dongfang RoadShanghai200127China
| | - Qingxiang Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Xiao Gu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Zhenhuan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Yukun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationSchool of PharmacyFudan University826 Zhangheng RoadShanghai201203China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Department of Neurological SurgeryRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine1630 Dongfang RoadShanghai200127China
| | - Junfeng Feng
- Department of Neurological SurgeryRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine1630 Dongfang RoadShanghai200127China
| | - Jiyao Jiang
- Department of Neurological SurgeryRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine1630 Dongfang RoadShanghai200127China
| | - Yinghui Bao
- Department of Neurological SurgeryRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine1630 Dongfang RoadShanghai200127China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Ontario Cancer InstituteUniversity of TorontoOntarioM5G 1L7Canada
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationSchool of PharmacyFudan University826 Zhangheng RoadShanghai201203China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical ResearchShuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine1200 Cailun RoadShanghai201210China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
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Michalopoulou E, Auciello FR, Bulusu V, Strachan D, Campbell AD, Tait-Mulder J, Karim SA, Morton JP, Sansom OJ, Kamphorst JJ. Macropinocytosis Renders a Subset of Pancreatic Tumor Cells Resistant to mTOR Inhibition. Cell Rep 2020; 30:2729-2742.e4. [PMID: 32101748 PMCID: PMC7043007 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) features a near-universal mutation in KRAS. Additionally, the tumor suppressor PTEN is lost in ∼10% of patients, and in mouse models, this dramatically accelerates tumor progression. While oncogenic KRAS and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) cause divergent metabolic phenotypes individually, how they synergize to promote tumor metabolic alterations and dependencies remains unknown. We show that in KRAS-driven murine PDAC cells, loss of Pten strongly enhances both mTOR signaling and macropinocytosis. Protein scavenging alleviates sensitivity to mTOR inhibition by rescuing AKT phosphorylation at serine 473 and consequently cell proliferation. Combined inhibition of mTOR and lysosomal processing of internalized protein eliminates the macropinocytosis-mediated resistance. Our results indicate that mTORC2, rather than mTORC1, is an important regulator of protein scavenging and that protein-mediated resistance could explain the lack of effectiveness of mTOR inhibitors in certain genetic backgrounds. Concurrent inhibition of mTOR and protein scavenging might be a valuable therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdokia Michalopoulou
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Francesca R Auciello
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Vinay Bulusu
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - David Strachan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Andrew D Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jacqueline Tait-Mulder
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Saadia A Karim
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jurre J Kamphorst
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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116
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Ganot P, Tambutté E, Caminiti-Segonds N, Toullec G, Allemand D, Tambutté S. Ubiquitous macropinocytosis in anthozoans. eLife 2020; 9:50022. [PMID: 32039759 PMCID: PMC7032929 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transport of fluids, molecules, nutrients or nanoparticles through coral tissues are poorly documented. Here, we followed the flow of various tracers from the external seawater to within the cells of all tissues in living animals. After entering the general coelenteric cavity, we show that nanoparticles disperse throughout the tissues via the paracellular pathway. Then, the ubiquitous entry gate to within the cells' cytoplasm is macropinocytosis. Most cells form large vesicles of 350-600 nm in diameter at their apical side, continuously internalizing their surrounding medium. Macropinocytosis was confirmed using specific inhibitors of PI3K and actin polymerization. Nanoparticle internalization dynamics is size dependent and differs between tissues. Furthermore, we reveal that macropinocytosis is likely a major endocytic pathway in other anthozoan species. The fact that nearly all cells of an animal are continuously soaking in the environment challenges many aspects of the classical physiology viewpoints acquired from the study of bilaterians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Ganot
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Eric Tambutté
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | | | - Gaëlle Toullec
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Denis Allemand
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Sylvie Tambutté
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
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Abstract
Macropinocytosis is an evolutionarily conserved form of endocytosis that mediates non-selective uptake of extracellular fluid and the solutes contained therein. In mammalian cells, macropinocytosis is initiated by growth factor-mediated activation of the Ras and PI3-kinase signalling pathways. In malignant cells, oncogenic activation of growth factor signalling sustains macropinocytosis cell autonomously. Recent studies of cancer metabolism, discussed here, have begun to define a role for macropinocytosis as a nutrient uptake route. Macropinocytic cancer cells ingest macromolecules in bulk and break them down in the lysosome to support metabolism and macromolecular synthesis. Thereby, macropinocytosis allows cells to tap into the copious nutrient stores of extracellular macromolecules when canonical nutrients are scarce. These findings demonstrate that macropinocytosis promotes metabolic flexibility and resilience, which enables cancer cells to survive and grow in nutrient-poor environments. Implications for physiological roles of growth factor-stimulated macropinocytosis in cell metabolism and its relationship with other nutrient uptake pathways are considered. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Macropinocytosis’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Palm
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
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118
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Wall AA, Condon ND, Luo L, Stow JL. Rab8a localisation and activation by Toll-like receptors on macrophage macropinosomes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180151. [PMID: 30966999 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a prevalent and essential pathway in macrophages where it contributes to anti-microbial responses and innate immune cell functions. Cell surface ruffles give rise to phagosomes and to macropinosomes as multi-functional compartments that contribute to environmental sampling, pathogen entry, plasma membrane turnover and receptor signalling. Rapid, high resolution, lattice light sheet imaging demonstrates the dynamic nature of macrophage ruffling. Pathogen-mediated activation of surface and endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in macrophages upregulates macropinocytosis. Here, using multiple forms of imaging and microscopy, we track membrane-associated, fluorescently-tagged Rab8a expressed in live macrophages, using a variety of cell markers to demonstrate Rab8a localization and its enrichment on early macropinosomes. Production of a novel biosensor and its use for quantitative FRET analysis in live cells, pinpoints macropinosomes as the site for TLR-induced activation of Rab8a. We have previously shown that TLR signalling, cytokine outputs and macrophage programming are regulated by the GTPase Rab8a with PI3 Kγ as its effector. Finally, we highlight another effector, the phosphatase OCRL, which is located on macropinosomes and interacts with Rab8a, suggesting that Rab8a may operate on multiple levels to modulate phosphoinositides in macropinosomes. These findings extend our understanding of macropinosomes as regulatory compartments for innate immune function in macrophages. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Macropinocytosis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Wall
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Nicholas D Condon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Lin Luo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Jennifer L Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072 , Australia
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Doodnauth SA, Grinstein S, Maxson ME. Constitutive and stimulated macropinocytosis in macrophages: roles in immunity and in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180147. [PMID: 30967001 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages respond to several stimuli by forming florid membrane ruffles that lead to fluid uptake by macropinocytosis. This type of induced macropinocytosis, executed by a variety of non-malignant and malignant cells, is initiated by transmembrane receptors and is involved in nutrient acquisition and mTOR signalling. However, macrophages also perform a unique type of constitutive ruffling and macropinocytosis that is dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium. Calcium-sensing receptors are responsible for this activity. This distinct form of macropinocytosis enables macrophages to continuously sample their microenvironment for antigenic molecules and for pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns, as part of their immune surveillance functions. Interestingly, even within the monocyte lineage, there are differences in macropinocytic ability that reflect the polarized functional roles of distinct macrophage subsets. This review discusses the shared and distinct features of both induced and constitutive macropinocytosis displayed by the macrophage lineage and their roles in physiology, immunity and pathophysiology. In particular, we analyse the role of macropinocytosis in the uptake of modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and its contribution to foam cell and atherosclerotic plaque formation. We propose a combined role of scavenger receptors and constitutive macropinocytosis in oxidized LDL uptake, a process we have termed 'receptor-assisted macropinocytosis'. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Macropinocytosis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha A Doodnauth
- 1 Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network , Toronto, ON , Canada M5G 1L7.,2 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- 3 Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children , 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON , Canada M5G 0A4.,4 Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto , 1 King's Circle, Toronto, ON , Canada M5S 1A8.,5 Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute , St. Michael's Hospital, 290 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON , Canada M5C 1N8
| | - Michelle E Maxson
- 3 Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children , 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON , Canada M5G 0A4
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120
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Commisso C. The pervasiveness of macropinocytosis in oncological malignancies. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180153. [PMID: 30967003 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In tumour cells, macropinocytosis functions as an amino acid supply route and supports cancer cell survival and proliferation. Initially demonstrated in oncogenic KRAS-driven models of pancreatic cancer, macropinocytosis triggers the internalization of extracellular proteins via discrete endocytic vesicles called macropinosomes. The incoming protein cargo is targeted for lysosome-dependent degradation, causing the intracellular release of amino acids. These protein-derived amino acids support metabolic fitness by contributing to the intracellular amino acid pools, as well as to the biosynthesis of central carbon metabolites. In this way, macropinocytosis represents a novel amino acid supply route that tumour cells use to survive the nutrient-poor conditions of the tumour microenvironment. Macropinocytosis has also emerged as an entry mechanism for a variety of nanomedicines, suggesting that macropinocytosis regulation in the tumour setting can be harnessed for the delivery of anti-cancer therapeutics. A slew of recent studies point to the possibility that macropinocytosis is a pervasive feature of many different tumour types. In this review, we focus on the role of this important uptake mechanism in a variety of cancers and highlight the main molecular drivers of macropinocytosis in these malignancies. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Macropinocytosis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Commisso
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037 , USA
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121
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Sheng W, Geng J, Li L, Shang Y, Jiang M, Zhen Y. An albumin‑binding domain and targeting peptide‑based recombinant protein and its enediyne‑integrated analogue exhibit directional delivery and potent inhibitory activity on pancreatic cancer with K‑ras mutation. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:851-863. [PMID: 32020213 PMCID: PMC7041235 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient enrichment and transmembrane transport of cytotoxic reagents are considered to be effective strategies to increase the efficiency and selectivity of antitumor drugs targeting solid tumors. In the present study, a recombinant protein ABD‑LDP‑Ec consisting of the albumin‑binding domain (ABD), the apoprotein (LDP) of lidamycin (LDM) and an EGFR‑targeting oligopeptide (Ec) was prepared by DNA recombination and bacterial fermentation, and was integrated with the enediyne chromophore (AE) of lidamycin to generate its enediyne‑integrated analogue ABD‑LDP‑Ec‑AE. ABD‑LDP‑Ec exhibited high binding capacity to both albumin and EGFR‑positive pancreatic cancer cells, and was internalized into the cytoplasm through receptor‑mediated endocytosis and albumin‑driven macropinocytosis of K‑ras mutant cells. In animal experiments, ABD‑LDP‑Ec demonstrated notable selective distribution in pancreatic carcinoma xenografts by passive targeting of albumin captured in the blood and was retained in the tumor for 48 h. ABD‑LDP‑Ec and ABD‑LDP‑Ec‑AE exhibited inhibitory activity in cell proliferation and AsPC‑1 xenograft growth, and ABD‑LDP‑Ec‑AE increased the tumor growth inhibition rate by 20% compared with natural LDM. The results indicated that the introduction of ABD‑based multi‑functional drug delivery may be an effective approach to improve the efficacy of antitumor drugs, especially for K‑ras mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Sheng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jing Geng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Yue Shang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Min Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Yongsu Zhen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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Mishra R, Haldar S, Suchanti S, Bhowmick NA. Epigenetic changes in fibroblasts drive cancer metabolism and differentiation. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:R673-R688. [PMID: 31627186 PMCID: PMC6859444 DOI: 10.1530/erc-19-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genomic changes that drive cancer initiation and progression contribute to the co-evolution of the adjacent stroma. The nature of the stromal reprogramming involves differential DNA methylation patterns and levels that change in response to the tumor and systemic therapeutic intervention. Epigenetic reprogramming in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts are robust biomarkers for cancer progression and have a transcriptional impact that support cancer epithelial progression in a paracrine manner. For prostate cancer, promoter hypermethylation and silencing of the RasGAP, RASAL3 that resulted in the activation of Ras signaling in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. Stromal Ras activity initiated a process of macropinocytosis that provided prostate cancer epithelia with abundant glutamine for metabolic conversion to fuel its proliferation and a signal to transdifferentiate into a neuroendocrine phenotype. This epigenetic oncogenic metabolic/signaling axis seemed to be further potentiated by androgen receptor signaling antagonists and contributed to therapeutic resistance. Intervention of stromal signaling may complement conventional therapies targeting the cancer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Mishra
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Subhash Haldar
- Department of Biotechnology, Brainware University, Kolkata, India
| | - Surabhi Suchanti
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neil A Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Research, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to N A Bhowmick:
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123
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Combined mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibition blocks growth and induces catastrophic macropinocytosis in cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:24583-24592. [PMID: 31732667 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911393116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which plays a critical role in regulating cellular growth and metabolism, is aberrantly regulated in the pathogenesis of a variety of neoplasms. Here we demonstrate that dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitors OSI-027 and PP242 cause catastrophic macropinocytosis in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cells and cancers of the skin, breast, lung, and cervix, whereas the effects are much less pronounced in immortalized human keratinocytes. Using RMS as a model, we characterize in detail the mechanism of macropinocytosis induction. Macropinosomes are distinct from endocytic vesicles and autophagosomes in that they are single-membrane bound vacuoles formed by projection, ruffling, and contraction of plasma membranes. They are positive for EEA-1 and LAMP-1 and contain watery fluid but not organelles. The vacuoles then merge and rupture, killing the cells. We confirmed the inhibition of mTORC1/mTORC2 as the underpinning mechanism for macropinocytosis. Exposure to rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, or mTORC2 knockdown alone had little or reduced effect relative to the combination. We further demonstrate that macropinocytosis depends on MKK4 activated by elevated reactive oxygen species. In a murine xenograft model, OSI-027 reduced RMS tumor growth. Molecular characterization of the residual tumors was consistent with the induction of macropinocytosis. Furthermore, relative to the control xenograft tumors, the residual tumors manifested reduced expression of cell proliferation markers and proteins that drive the epithelial mesenchymal transition. These data indicate a role of mTORC2 in regulating tumor growth by macropinocytosis and suggest that dual inhibitors could help block refractory or recurrent RMS and perhaps other neoplasms and other cancer as well.
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124
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Mi L, Zhou Y, Wu D, Tao Q, Wang X, Zhu H, Gao X, Wang J, Ling R, Deng J, Mao C, Chen D. ACSS2/AMPK/PCNA pathway‑driven proliferation and chemoresistance of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells under nutrient stress. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:5286-5296. [PMID: 31638228 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although platinum‑based chemotherapy is the first‑line choice for locally advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients, accelerated recurrence and chemoresistance remain inevitable. New evidence suggests that metabolism reprogramming under stress involves independent processes that are executed with a variety of proteins. This study investigated the functions of nutrient stress (NS)‑mediated acetyl‑CoA synthetase short‑chain family member 2 (ACSS2) in cell proliferation and cisplatin‑resistance and examined its combined effects with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a key regulator of DNA replication and repair. Here, it was demonstrated that under NS, when the AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway was activated, ESCC cells maintained proliferation and chemoresistance was distinctly upregulated as determined by CCK‑8 assay. As determined using immunoblotting and RT‑qPCR, compared with normal esophageal epithelial cells (Het‑1A), ESCC cells were less sensitive to NS and showed increased intracellular levels of ACSS2. Moreover, it was shown that ACSS2 inhibition by siRNA not only greatly interfered with proliferation under NS but also participated in DNA repair after cisplatin treatment via PCNA suppression, and the acceleration of cell death was dependent on the activation of the AMPK pathway as revealed by the Annexin V/PI and TUNEL assay results. Our study identified crosstalk between nutrient supply and chemoresistance that could be exploited therapeutically to target AMPK signaling, and the results suggest ACSS2 as a potential biomarker for identifying higher‑risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Mi
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yuepeng Zhou
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Qing Tao
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Xingyu Gao
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Jingzhi Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Rui Ling
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Deng
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Chaoming Mao
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
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Michalkova H, Strmiska V, Kudr J, Skubalova Z, Tesarova B, Svec P, Richtera L, Zitka O, Adam V, Heger Z. Tuning the surface coating of IONs toward efficient sonochemical tethering and sustained liberation of topoisomerase II poisons. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:7609-7624. [PMID: 31571866 PMCID: PMC6756273 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s208810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) have been increasingly utilized in a wide spectrum of biomedical applications. Surface coatings of IONs can bestow a number of exceptional properties, including enhanced stability of IONs, increased loading of drugs or their controlled release. Methods Using two-step sonochemical protocol, IONs were surface-coated with polyoxyethylene stearate, polyvinylpyrrolidone or chitosan for a loading of two distinct topo II poisons (doxorubicin and ellipticine). The cytotoxic behavior was tested in vitro against breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and healthy epithelial cells (HEK-293 and HBL-100). In addition, biocompatibility studies (hemotoxicity, protein corona formation, binding of third complement component) were performed. Results Notably, despite surface-coated IONs exhibited only negligible cytotoxicity, upon tethering with topo II poisons, synergistic or additional enhancement of cytotoxicity was found in MDA-MB-231 cells. Pronounced anti-migratory activity, DNA fragmentation, decrease in expression of procaspase-3 and enhancement of p53 expression were further identified upon exposure to surface-coated IONs with tethered doxorubicin and ellipticine. Moreover, surface-coated IONs nanoformulations of topo II poisons exhibited exceptional stability in human plasma with no protein corona and complement 3 binding, and only a mild induction of hemolysis in human red blood cells. Conclusion The results imply a high potential of an efficient ultrasound-mediated surface functionalization of IONs as delivery vehicles to improve therapeutic efficiency of topo II poisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Michalkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Strmiska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kudr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.,Smart Nanodevices Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno CZ-621 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Skubalova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Tesarova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Svec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.,Smart Nanodevices Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno CZ-621 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.,Smart Nanodevices Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno CZ-621 00, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.,Smart Nanodevices Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno CZ-621 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.,Smart Nanodevices Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno CZ-621 00, Czech Republic
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Cao Y, Wang X, Li Y, Evers M, Zhang H, Chen X. Extracellular and macropinocytosis internalized ATP work together to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition and other early metastatic activities in lung cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:254. [PMID: 31582910 PMCID: PMC6771108 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular ATP (eATP) was shown to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a very important early process in metastasis, in cancer cells via purinergic receptor signaling. However, the exact induction mechanisms are far from fully known. We previously described that eATP is internalized by cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by macropinocytosis in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 and other cancer cells, drastically elevates intracellular ATP levels, enhances cell proliferation and resistance to anticancer drugs. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that eATP and macropinocytosis-internalized eATP also induces EMT and other early steps of metastasis. Methods Floating cells, fencing, and transwell assays were used to show that ATP induces cell detachment, new colony formation, migration and invasion in human A549 and other lung cancer cells. Western blots were used to detect ATP-induced changes in EMT-related proteins; Confocal microscopy was used to demonstrate ATP-induced metastasis-related cell morphological changes. Inhibitors and siRNA knockdowns were used to determine P2X7's involvement in the ATP-induced EMT. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of the SNX5 gene was used to identify macropinocytosis' roles in EMT and cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Student t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to determine statistical significance, P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results eATP potently induces expression of matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs), and detachment, EMT, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells. The induction was independent of TGF-β and semi-independent of P2X7 activation. eATP performs these functions not only extracellularly, but also intracellularly after being macropinocytically internalized to further enhance P2X7-mediated EMT, filopodia formation and other early steps of metastasis. The knockout of macropinocytosis-associated SNX5 gene significantly reduces macropinocytosis, slows down tumor growth, and changes tumor morphology in nude mice. Conclusions Collectively, these results show that eATP's functions in these processes not only from outside of cancer cells but also inside after being macropinocytotically internalized. These findings shed light on eATP's initiator and effector roles in almost every step in early metastasis, which calls for rethinking and rebalancing energy equations of intracellular biochemical reactions and the Warburg effect, and identifies eATP and macropinocytosis as novel targets for potentially slowing down EMT and preventing metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Cao
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.,2Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.,3The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.,2Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.,3The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - Yunsheng Li
- 3The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - Maria Evers
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.,4Honors Tutorial College, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - Haiyun Zhang
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.,2Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.,3The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - Xiaozhuo Chen
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.,2Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.,3The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.,5Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.,6Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
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127
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Sarkar Bhattacharya S, Thirusangu P, Jin L, Roy D, Jung D, Xiao Y, Staub J, Roy B, Molina JR, Shridhar V. PFKFB3 inhibition reprograms malignant pleural mesothelioma to nutrient stress-induced macropinocytosis and ER stress as independent binary adaptive responses. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:725. [PMID: 31562297 PMCID: PMC6764980 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic signatures of cancer cells are often associated with elevated glycolysis. Pharmacological (PFK158 treatment) and genetic inhibition of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), a critical control point in the glycolytic pathway, decreases glucose uptake, ATP production, and lactate dehydrogenase activity and arrests malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cells in the G0/G1 phase to induce cell death. To overcome this nutrient stress, inhibition of PFKFB3 activity led to an escalation in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) activity and aggravated ER stress mostly by upregulating BiP and GADD153 expression and activation of the endocytic Rac1-Rab5-Rab7 pathway resulting in a unique form of cell death called “methuosis” in both the sarcomatoid (H28) and epithelioid (EMMeso) cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed the formation of nascent macropinocytotic vesicles, which rapidly coalesced to form large vacuoles with compromised lysosomal function. Both immunofluorescence microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that upon PFKFB3 inhibition, two crucial biomolecules of each pathway, Rac1 and Calnexin interact with each other. Finally, PFK158 alone and in combination with carboplatin-inhibited tumorigenesis of EMMeso xenografts in vivo. Since most cancer cells exhibit an increased glycolytic rate, these results provide evidence for PFK158, in combination with standard chemotherapy, may have a potential in the treatment of MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Sarkar Bhattacharya
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Prabhu Thirusangu
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Debarshi Roy
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Deokbeom Jung
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yinan Xiao
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julie Staub
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bhaskar Roy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julian R Molina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Viji Shridhar
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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128
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Abstract
Macroautophagy (referred to here as autophagy) degrades and recycles cytoplasmic constituents to sustain cellular and mammalian metabolism and survival during starvation. Deregulation of autophagy is involved in numerous diseases, such as cancer. Cancers up-regulate autophagy and depend on it for survival, growth, and malignancy in a tumor cell-autonomous fashion. Recently, it has become apparent that autophagy in host tissues as well as the tumor cells themselves contribute to tumor growth. Understanding how autophagy regulates metabolism and tumor growth has revealed new essential tumor nutrients, where they come from, and how they are supplied and used, which can now be targeted for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Poillet-Perez
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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129
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Pupo E, Avanzato D, Middonti E, Bussolino F, Lanzetti L. KRAS-Driven Metabolic Rewiring Reveals Novel Actionable Targets in Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:848. [PMID: 31544066 PMCID: PMC6730590 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors driven by mutant KRAS are among the most aggressive and refractory to treatment. Unfortunately, despite the efforts, targeting alterations of this GTPase, either directly or by acting on the downstream signaling cascades, has been, so far, largely unsuccessful. However, recently, novel therapeutic opportunities are emerging based on the effect that this oncogenic lesion exerts in rewiring the cancer cell metabolism. Cancer cells that become dependent on KRAS-driven metabolic adaptations are sensitive to the inhibition of these metabolic routes, revealing novel therapeutic windows of intervention. In general, mutant KRAS fosters tumor growth by shifting cancer cell metabolism toward anabolic pathways. Depending on the tumor, KRAS-driven metabolic rewiring occurs by up-regulating rate-limiting enzymes involved in amino acid, fatty acid, or nucleotide biosynthesis, and by stimulating scavenging pathways such as macropinocytosis and autophagy, which, in turn, provide building blocks to the anabolic routes, also maintaining the energy levels and the cell redox potential (1). This review will discuss the most recent findings on mutant KRAS metabolic reliance in tumor models of pancreatic and non-small-cell lung cancer, also highlighting the role that these metabolic adaptations play in resistance to target therapy. The effects of constitutive KRAS activation in glycolysis elevation, amino acids metabolism reprogramming, fatty acid turnover, and nucleotide biosynthesis will be discussed also in the context of different genetic landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Pupo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniele Avanzato
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuele Middonti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Letizia Lanzetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
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130
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Wei Y, Tang T, Pang HB. Cellular internalization of bystander nanomaterial induced by TAT-nanoparticles and regulated by extracellular cysteine. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3646. [PMID: 31409778 PMCID: PMC6692393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Entry into cells is necessary for many nanomaterial applications, and a common solution is to functionalize nanoparticles (NPs) with cell-penetrating ligands. Despite intensive studies on these functionalized NPs, little is known about their effect on cellular activities to engulf other cargo from the nearby environment. Here, we use NPs functionalized with TAT (transactivator of transcription) peptide (T-NPs) as an example to investigate their impact on cellular uptake of bystander cargo. We find that T-NP internalization enables cellular uptake of bystander NPs, but not common fluid markers, through a receptor-dependent macropinocytosis pathway. Moreover, the activity of this bystander uptake is stimulated by cysteine presence in the surrounding solution. The cargo selectivity and cysteine regulation are further demonstrated ex vivo and in vivo. These findings reveal another mechanism for NP entry into cells and open up an avenue of studying the interplay among endocytosis, amino acids, and nanomaterial delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tang Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hong-Bo Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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131
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Yadav S, Pandey SK, Goel Y, Temre MK, Singh SM. Diverse Stakeholders of Tumor Metabolism: An Appraisal of the Emerging Approach of Multifaceted Metabolic Targeting by 3-Bromopyruvate. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:728. [PMID: 31333455 PMCID: PMC6620530 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant cells possess a unique metabolic machinery to endure unobstructed cell survival. It comprises several levels of metabolic networking consisting of 1) upregulated expression of membrane-associated transporter proteins, facilitating unhindered uptake of substrates; 2) upregulated metabolic pathways for efficient substrate utilization; 3) pH and redox homeostasis, conducive for driving metabolism; 4) tumor metabolism-dependent reconstitution of tumor growth promoting the external environment; 5) upregulated expression of receptors and signaling mediators; and 6) distinctive genetic and regulatory makeup to generate and sustain rearranged metabolism. This feat is achieved by a "battery of molecular patrons," which acts in a highly cohesive and mutually coordinated manner to bestow immortality to neoplastic cells. Consequently, it is necessary to develop a multitargeted therapeutic approach to achieve a formidable inhibition of the diverse arrays of tumor metabolism. Among the emerging agents capable of such multifaceted targeting of tumor metabolism, an alkylating agent designated as 3-bromopyruvate (3-BP) has gained immense research focus because of its broad spectrum and specific antineoplastic action. Inhibitory effects of 3-BP are imparted on a variety of metabolic target molecules, including transporters, metabolic enzymes, and several other crucial stakeholders of tumor metabolism. Moreover, 3-BP ushers a reconstitution of the tumor microenvironment, a reversal of tumor acidosis, and recuperative action on vital organs and systems of the tumor-bearing host. Studies have been conducted to identify targets of 3-BP and its derivatives and characterization of target binding for further optimization. This review presents a brief and comprehensive discussion about the current state of knowledge concerning various aspects of tumor metabolism and explores the prospects of 3-BP as a safe and effective antineoplastic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sukh Mahendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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132
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Disanza A, Bisi S, Frittoli E, Malinverno C, Marchesi S, Palamidessi A, Rizvi A, Scita G. Is cell migration a selectable trait in the natural evolution of cancer development? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180224. [PMID: 31431177 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective evolutionary pressure shapes the processes and genes that enable cancer survival and expansion in a tumour-suppressive environment. A distinguishing lethal feature of malignant cancer is its dissemination and seeding of metastatic foci. A key requirement for this process is the acquisition of a migratory/invasive ability. However, how the migratory phenotype is selected for during the natural evolution of cancer and what advantage, if any, it might provide to the growing malignant cells remain open issues. In this opinion piece, we discuss three possible answers to these issues. We will examine lines of evidence from mathematical modelling of cancer evolution that indicate that migration is an intrinsic selectable property of malignant cells that directly impacts on growth dynamics and cancer geometry. Second, we will argue that migratory phenotypes can emerge as an adaptive response to unfavourable growth conditions and endow cells not only with the ability to move/invade, but also with specific metastatic traits, including drug resistance, self-renewal and survival. Finally, we will discuss the possibility that migratory phenotypes are coincidental events that emerge by happenstance in the natural evolution of cancer. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Forces in cancer: interdisciplinary approaches in tumour mechanobiology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Disanza
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Bisi
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Frittoli
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Malinverno
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology-DIPO, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Marchesi
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Palamidessi
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Abrar Rizvi
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology-DIPO, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Scita
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology-DIPO, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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133
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Lee SW, Zhang Y, Jung M, Cruz N, Alas B, Commisso C. EGFR-Pak Signaling Selectively Regulates Glutamine Deprivation-Induced Macropinocytosis. Dev Cell 2019; 50:381-392.e5. [PMID: 31257175 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis has emerged as an important nutrient-scavenging pathway that supports tumor cell fitness. By internalizing extracellular protein and targeting it for lysosomal degradation, this endocytic pathway functions as an amino acid supply route, permitting tumor cell growth and survival despite the nutrient-poor conditions of the tumor microenvironment. Here, we provide evidence that a subset of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors are wired to integrate contextual metabolic inputs to regulate macropinocytosis, dialing up or down this uptake pathway depending on nutrient availability. We find that regional depletion of amino acids coincides with increased levels of macropinocytosis and that the scarcity of glutamine uniquely drives this process. Mechanistically, this stimulation of macropinocytosis depends on the nutrient stress-induced potentiation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling that, through the activation of Pak, controls the extent of macropinocytosis in these cells. These results provide a mechanistic understanding of how nutritional cues can control protein scavenging in PDAC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Wei Lee
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yijuan Zhang
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Jung
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nathalia Cruz
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Basheer Alas
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cosimo Commisso
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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134
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Sullivan MR, Mattaini KR, Dennstedt EA, Nguyen AA, Sivanand S, Reilly MF, Meeth K, Muir A, Darnell AM, Bosenberg MW, Lewis CA, Vander Heiden MG. Increased Serine Synthesis Provides an Advantage for Tumors Arising in Tissues Where Serine Levels Are Limiting. Cell Metab 2019; 29:1410-1421.e4. [PMID: 30905671 PMCID: PMC6551255 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumors exhibit altered metabolism compared to normal tissues. Many cancers upregulate expression of serine synthesis pathway enzymes, and some tumors exhibit copy-number gain of the gene encoding the first enzyme in the pathway, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH). However, whether increased serine synthesis promotes tumor growth and how serine synthesis benefits tumors is controversial. Here, we demonstrate that increased PHGDH expression promotes tumor progression in mouse models of melanoma and breast cancer, human tumor types that exhibit PHGDH copy-number gain. We measure circulating serine levels and find that PHGDH expression is necessary to support cell proliferation at lower physiological serine concentrations. Increased dietary serine or high PHGDH expression is sufficient to increase intracellular serine levels and support faster tumor growth. Together, these data suggest that physiological serine availability restrains tumor growth and argue that tumors arising in serine-limited environments acquire a fitness advantage by upregulating serine synthesis pathway enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Sullivan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Katherine R Mattaini
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Emily A Dennstedt
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anna A Nguyen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sharanya Sivanand
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Montana F Reilly
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Katrina Meeth
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexander Muir
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alicia M Darnell
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marcus W Bosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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135
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Bång-Rudenstam A, Cerezo-Magaña M, Belting M. Pro-metastatic functions of lipoproteins and extracellular vesicles in the acidic tumor microenvironment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2019; 38:79-92. [PMID: 30767150 PMCID: PMC6647379 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the overall mortality in cancer is steadily decreasing, major groups of patients still respond poorly to available treatments. The key clinical challenge discussed here relates to the inherent capacity of cancer cells to metabolically adapt to hypoxic and acidic stress, resulting in treatment resistance and a pro-metastatic behavior. Hence, a detailed understanding of stress adaptive responses is critical for the design of more rational therapeutic strategies for cancer. We will focus on the emerging role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and lipoprotein particles in cancer cell metabolic stress adaptation and how these pathways may constitute potential Achilles' heels of the cancer cell machinery and alternative treatment targets of metastasis. In this context, common extracellular lipid uptake mechanisms, involving specific cell-surface receptors and endocytic pathways, may operate during remodeling of acidic atherosclerotic plaques as well as the tumor microenvironment. The role of endocytosis in regulating the cellular response to hypoxic and acidic stress through spatial coordination of receptor proteins may be exploited for therapeutic purposes. As a consequence, molecular mechanisms of endocytosis have attracted increasing attention as potential targets for tumor specific delivery of therapeutic substances, such as antibody-drug conjugates. The identification of internalizing surface proteins specific to the acidic tumor niche remains an unmet need of high clinical relevance. Among the currently explored, acidosis-related, internalizing target proteins, we will focus on the cell-surface proteoglycan carbonic anhydrase 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bång-Rudenstam
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Barngatan 4, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Myriam Cerezo-Magaña
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Barngatan 4, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Belting
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Barngatan 4, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden.
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136
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Sullivan MR, Vander Heiden MG. Determinants of nutrient limitation in cancer. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 54:193-207. [PMID: 31162937 PMCID: PMC6715536 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1611733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation requires that cells accumulate sufficient biomass to grow and divide. Cancer cells within tumors must acquire a variety of nutrients, and tumor growth slows or stops if necessary metabolites are not obtained in sufficient quantities. Importantly, the metabolic demands of cancer cells can be different from those of untransformed cells, and nutrient accessibility in tumors is different than in many normal tissues. Thus, cancer cell survival and proliferation may be limited by different metabolic factors than those that are necessary to maintain noncancerous cells. Understanding the variables that dictate which nutrients are critical to sustain tumor growth may identify vulnerabilities that could be used to treat cancer. This review examines the various cell-autonomous, local, and systemic factors that determine which nutrients are limiting for tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Sullivan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA
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137
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Loss of GTPase activating protein neurofibromin stimulates paracrine cell communication via macropinocytosis. Redox Biol 2019; 27:101224. [PMID: 31201114 PMCID: PMC6859534 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromin, the protein product of the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) tumor suppressor gene, is a negative regulator of Ras signaling. Patients with mutations in NF1 have a strong predisposition for cardiovascular disease, which contributes to their early mortality. Nf1 heterozygous (Nf1+/-) bone marrow to wild type chimeras and mice with heterozygous recombination of Nf1 in myeloid cells recapitulate many of the vascular phenotypes observed in Nf1+/- mutants. Although these results suggest that macrophages play a central role in NF1 vasculopathy, the underlying mechanisms are currently unknown. In the present study, we employed macrophages isolated from either Nf1+/- or Lysm Cre+/Nf1f/f mice to test the hypothesis that loss of Nf1 stimulates macropinocytosis in macrophages. Scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry analysis of FITC-dextran internalization demonstrated that loss of Nf1 in macrophages stimulates macropinocytosis. We next utilized various cellular and molecular approaches, pharmacological inhibitors and genetically modified mice to identify the signaling mechanisms mediating macropinocytosis in Nf1-deficient macrophages. Our results indicate that loss of Nf1 stimulates PKCδ-mediated p47phox phosphorylation via RAS activation, leading to increased NADPH oxidase 2 activity, reactive oxygen species generation, membrane ruffling and macropinocytosis. Interestingly, we also found that Nf1-deficient macrophages internalize exosomes derived from angiotensin II-treated endothelial cells via macropinocytosis in vitro and in the peritoneal cavity in vivo. As a result of exosome internalization, Nf1-deficient macrophages polarized toward an inflammatory M1 phenotype and secreted increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines compared to controls. In conclusion, the findings of the present study demonstrate that loss of Nf1 stimulates paracrine endothelial to myeloid cell communication via macropinocytosis, leading to proinflammatory changes in recipient macrophages.
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138
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Tejeda-Muñoz N, Albrecht LV, Bui MH, De Robertis EM. Wnt canonical pathway activates macropinocytosis and lysosomal degradation of extracellular proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10402-10411. [PMID: 31061124 PMCID: PMC6534993 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903506116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling is emerging as a major regulator of endocytosis. Wnt treatment markedly increased the endocytosis and degradation in lysosomes of BSA. In this study, we report that in addition to receptor-mediated endocytosis, Wnt also triggers the intake of large amounts of extracellular fluid by macropinocytosis, a nonreceptor-mediated actin-driven process. Macropinocytosis induction is rapid and independent of protein synthesis. In the presence of Wnt, large amounts of nutrient-rich packages such as proteins and glycoproteins were channeled into lysosomes after fusing with smaller receptor-mediated vesicles containing glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and protein arginine ethyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), an enzyme required for canonical Wnt signaling. Addition of Wnt3a, as well as overexpression of Disheveled (Dvl), Frizzled (Fz8), or dominant-negative Axin induced endocytosis. Depletion of the tumor suppressors adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) or Axin dramatically increased macropinocytosis, defined by incorporation of the high molecular weight marker tetramethylrhodamine (TMR)-dextran and its blockage by the Na+/H+ exchanger ethylisopropyl amiloride (EIPA). Macropinocytosis was blocked by dominant-negative vacuolar protein sorting 4 (Vps4), indicating that the Wnt pathway is dependent on multivesicular body formation, a process called microautophagy. SW480 colorectal cancer cells displayed constitutive macropinocytosis and increased extracellular protein degradation in lysosomes, which were suppressed by restoring full-length APC. Accumulation of the transcriptional activator β-catenin in the nucleus of SW480 cells was inhibited by methyltransferase inhibition, EIPA, or the diuretic amiloride. The results indicate that Wnt signaling switches metabolism toward nutrient acquisition by engulfment of extracellular fluids and suggest possible treatments for Wnt-driven cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nydia Tejeda-Muñoz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662
| | - Lauren V Albrecht
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662
| | - Maggie H Bui
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662
| | - Edward M De Robertis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662;
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662
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139
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Zhang Y, Commisso C. Macropinocytosis in Cancer: A Complex Signaling Network. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:332-334. [PMID: 31208695 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is an important nutrient-scavenging pathway in numerous cancer types, including pancreatic, lung, prostate, and bladder. This Forum highlights recent work identifying the key regulators of macropinocytosis that support tumor cell fitness in different contexts, providing a unique framework for strategies to target macropinocytosis in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Zhang
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cosimo Commisso
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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140
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Coordination between Rac1 and Rab Proteins: Functional Implications in Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050396. [PMID: 31035701 PMCID: PMC6562727 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The small GTPases of the Rho family regulate many aspects of actin dynamics, but are functionally connected to many other cellular processes. Rac1, a member of this family, besides its known function in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton, plays a key role in the production of reactive oxygen species, in gene transcription, in DNA repair, and also has been proven to have specific roles in neurons. This review focuses on the cooperation between Rac1 and Rab proteins, analyzing how the coordination between these GTPases impact on cells and how alterations of their functions lead to disease.
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141
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Kong C, Li Y, Liu Z, Ye J, Wang Z, Zhang L, Kong W, Liu H, Liu C, Pang H, Hu Z, Gao J, Qian F. Targeting the Oncogene KRAS Mutant Pancreatic Cancer by Synergistic Blocking of Lysosomal Acidification and Rapid Drug Release. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4049-4063. [PMID: 30912923 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Survival of KRAS mutant pancreatic cancer is critically dependent on reprogrammed metabolism including elevated macropinocytosis, autophagy, and lysosomal degradation of proteins. Lysosomal acidification is indispensable to protein catabolism, which makes it an exploitable metabolic target for KRAS mutant pancreatic cancer. Herein we investigated ultra-pH-sensitive micelles (UPSM) with pH-specific buffering of organelle pH and rapid drug release as a promising therapy against pancreatic cancer. UPSM undergo micelle-unimer phase transition at their apparent p Ka, with dramatically increased buffer capacity in a narrow pH range (<0.3 pH). Cell studies including amino acid profiling showed that UPSM inhibited lysosomal catabolism more efficiently than conventional lysosomotropic agents ( e. g., chloroquine) and induced cell apoptosis under starved condition. Moreover, pH-triggered rapid drug release from triptolide prodrug-loaded UPSM (T-UPSM) significantly enhanced cytotoxicity over non-pH-sensitive micelles (T-NPSM). Importantly, T-UPSM demonstrated superior safety and antitumor efficacy over triptolide and T-NPSM in KRAS mutant pancreatic cancer mouse models. Our findings suggest that the ultra-pH-sensitive nanoparticles are a promising therapeutic platform to treat KRAS mutant pancreatic cancer through simultaneous lysosomal pH buffering and rapid drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Kong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390 , United States
| | - Zhengsheng Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | - Junxiao Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390 , United States
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | - Weijian Kong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zeping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390 , United States
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
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142
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Colin M, Delporte C, Janky R, Lechon AS, Renard G, Van Antwerpen P, Maltese WA, Mathieu V. Dysregulation of Macropinocytosis Processes in Glioblastomas May Be Exploited to Increase Intracellular Anti-Cancer Drug Levels: The Example of Temozolomide. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030411. [PMID: 30909495 PMCID: PMC6468498 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a clathrin-independent endocytosis of extracellular fluid that may contribute to cancer aggressiveness through nutrient supply, recycling of plasma membrane and receptors, and exosome internalization. Macropinocytosis may be notably triggered by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), two well-known markers for glioblastoma aggressiveness. Therefore, we studied whether the expression of key actors of macropinocytosis is modified in human glioma datasets. Strong deregulation has been evidenced at the mRNA level according to the grade of the tumor, and 38 macropinocytosis-related gene signatures allowed discrimination of the glioblastoma (GBM) samples. Honokiol-induced vacuolization was then compared to vacquinol-1 and MOMIPP, two known macropinocytosis inducers. Despite high phase-contrast morphological similarities, honokiol-induced vacuoles appeared to originate from both endocytosis and ER. Also, acridine orange staining suggested differences in the macropinosomes’ fate: their fusion with lysosomes appeared very limited in 3-(5-methoxy -2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one (MOMIPP)-treated cells. Nevertheless, each of the compounds markedly increased temozolomide uptake by glioma cells, as evidenced by LC-MS. In conclusion, the observed deregulation of macropinocytosis in GBM makes them prone to respond to various compounds affecting their formation and/or intracellular fate. Considering that sustained macropinocytosis may also trigger cell death of both sensitive and resistant GBM cells, we propose to envisage macropinocytosis inducers in combination approaches to obtain dual benefits: increased drug uptake and additive/synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Colin
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Cédric Delporte
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit and Analytical Platform, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | - Anne-Sophie Lechon
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Gwendoline Renard
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit and Analytical Platform, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - William A Maltese
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Véronique Mathieu
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
- ULB Cancer Research Center, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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143
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Abstract
Endocytic pathways are broadly classified into clathrin dependent and independent on the basis of the requirement for the coat protein, clathrin. The molecular pathways and mechanisms underlying the formation of clathrin-independent pathways are still being explored, and this review summarizes recent advances and emerging functional roles of these diverse pathways. In particular, this review will discuss the growing consensus on the role of BAR domain proteins and the actin machinery in different clathrin-independent pathways and its significance to the functions fulfilled by these endocytic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Hemalatha
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.,National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS-TIFR), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS-TIFR), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
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144
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CK2 inhibition with silmitasertib promotes methuosis-like cell death associated to catastrophic massive vacuolization of colorectal cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:73. [PMID: 30683840 PMCID: PMC6347595 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 is a highly conserved and constitutively active Ser/Thr-kinase that phosphorylates a large number of substrates, resulting in increased cell proliferation and survival. A known target of CK2 is Akt, a player in the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 signaling pathway, which is aberrantly activated in 32% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. On the other hand, mTORC1 plays an important role in the regulation of protein synthesis, cell growth, and autophagy. Some studies suggest that CK2 regulates mTORC1 in several cancers. The most recently developed CK2 inhibitor, silmitasertib (formerly CX-4945), has been tested in phase I/II trials for cholangiocarcinoma and multiple myeloma. This drug has been shown to induce autophagy and enhance apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells and to promote apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Nevertheless, it has not been tested in studies for CRC patients. We show in this work that inhibition of CK2 with silmitasertib decreases in vitro tumorigenesis of CRC cells in response to G2/M arrest, which correlates with mTORC1 inhibition and formation of large cytoplasmic vacuoles. Notably, molecular markers indicate that these vacuoles derive from massive macropinocytosis. Altogether, these findings suggest that an aberrantly elevated expression/activity of CK2 may play a key role in CRC, promoting cell viability and proliferation in untreated cells, however, its inhibition with silmitasertib promotes methuosis-like cell death associated to massive catastrophic vacuolization, accounting for decreased tumorigenicity at later times. These characteristics of silmitasertib support a potential therapeutic use in CRC patients and probably other CK2-dependent cancers.
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145
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Li Z, Mbah NE, Overmeyer JH, Sarver JG, George S, Trabbic CJ, Erhardt PW, Maltese WA. The JNK signaling pathway plays a key role in methuosis (non-apoptotic cell death) induced by MOMIPP in glioblastoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:77. [PMID: 30651087 PMCID: PMC6335761 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Synthetic indolyl- pyridinyl- propenones (IPPs) induce methuosis, a form of non-apoptotic cell death, in glioblastoma and other cancer cell lines. Methuosis is characterized by accumulation of cytoplasmic vacuoles derived from macropinosomes and late endosomes, followed by metabolic failure and rupture of the plasma membrane. However, not all IPPs that cause vacuolization are cytotoxic. The main goals of the present study were to identify key signaling pathways that contribute to methuosis induced by cytotoxic IPPs and to evaluate the anti-tumor potential of a prototype IPP in vivo. Methods We utilized metabolic flux analysis, glucose uptake, immunoblotting, and selective pharmacological inhibitors to compare the effects of closely related cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic IPPs in cultured glioblastoma cells. To determine whether the use of methuosis-inducing IPPs might be feasible in a therapeutic context, we quantified the distribution of our lead IPP compound, MOMIPP, in mouse plasma and brain, and tested its ability to inhibit tumor growth in an intracerebral glioblastoma xenograft model. Results The cytotoxic IPP compound, MOMIPP, causes early disruptions of glucose uptake and glycolytic metabolism. Coincident with these metabolic changes, MOMIPP selectively activates the JNK1/2 stress kinase pathway, resulting in phosphorylation of c-Jun, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. At the same concentration, the non-cytotoxic analog, MOPIPP, does not activate these pathways. Pharmacologic inhibition of JNK activity promotes survival, even when cells are extensively vacuolated, but suppression of c-Jun transcriptional activity offers no protection. MOMIPP readily penetrates the blood-brain barrier and is moderately effective in suppressing progression of intracerebral glioblastoma xenografts. Conclusions The results suggest that interference with glucose uptake and induction of JNK-mediated phosphorylation of pro-survival members of the Bcl-2 family represent key events in the methuosis death process. In addition to providing new insights into the underlying molecular mechanism of methuosis, the results indicate that compounds of the cytotoxic IPP class may have potential for further development as therapeutic agents for brain tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5288-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, 43614, United States
| | - Nneka E Mbah
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, 43614, United States
| | - Jean H Overmeyer
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, 43614, United States
| | - Jeffrey G Sarver
- Center for Drug Design and Development, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Sage George
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, 43614, United States
| | - Christopher J Trabbic
- Center for Drug Design and Development, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Paul W Erhardt
- Center for Drug Design and Development, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - William A Maltese
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, 43614, United States.
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146
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Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a mechanism of fluid-phase endocytosis that functions in the nonspecific internalization of extracellular fluid. This uptake pathway has specialized roles in different cell types and organisms, and its importance has recently been established in several diseases, including cancer. In cancer, macropinocytosis is stimulated by oncogenes, such as Ras, and macropinocytic cargo is targeted to lysosomes for degradation, providing a catabolic route for tumor cells to obtain amino acids from the tumor microenvironment. Here, we describe a protocol to employ fluorescently labeled dextran molecules in order to visualize and quantify the extent of macropinocytosis in pancreatic tumors. Multiple samples can be processed in parallel by this method, and the protocol can be easily customized for pancreatic tumor tissue isolated from subcutaneous, orthotopic and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM), or human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Wei Lee
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Basheer Alas
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cosimo Commisso
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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147
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Abstract
Macropinocytosis has emerged as an important nutrient supply pathway that sustains cell growth of cancer cells within the nutrient-poor tumor microenvironment. By internalizing extracellular fluid through this bulk endocytic pathway, albumin is supplied to the cancer cells, which, after degradation, serves as an amino acid source to meet the high nutrient demands of these highly proliferating cells. Here, we describe a streamlined protocol for visualization and quantitation of macropinosomes in adherent cancer cells grown in vitro. The determination of the "macropinocytic index" provides a tool for measuring the extent to which this internalization pathway is utilized within the cancer cells and allows for comparison between different cell lines and treatments. The protocol provided herein has been optimized for reproducibility and is readily adaptable to multiple conditions and settings.
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148
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Görgülü K, Diakopoulos KN, Ai J, Schoeps B, Kabacaoglu D, Karpathaki AF, Ciecielski KJ, Kaya-Aksoy E, Ruess DA, Berninger A, Kowalska M, Stevanovic M, Wörmann SM, Wartmann T, Zhao Y, Halangk W, Voronina S, Tepikin A, Schlitter AM, Steiger K, Artati A, Adamski J, Aichler M, Walch A, Jastroch M, Hartleben G, Mantzoros CS, Weichert W, Schmid RM, Herzig S, Krüger A, Sainz B, Lesina M, Algül H. Levels of the Autophagy-Related 5 Protein Affect Progression and Metastasis of Pancreatic Tumors in Mice. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:203-217.e20. [PMID: 30296435 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) undergo autophagy, but its effects vary with tumor stage and genetic factors. We investigated the consequences of varying levels of the autophagy related 5 (Atg5) protein on pancreatic tumor formation and progression. METHODS We generated mice that express oncogenic Kras in primary pancreatic cancer cells and have homozygous disruption of Atg5 (A5;Kras) or heterozygous disruption of Atg5 (A5+/-;Kras), and compared them with mice with only oncogenic Kras (controls). Pancreata were analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Primary tumor cells were isolated and used to perform transcriptome, metabolome, intracellular calcium, extracellular cathepsin activity, and cell migration and invasion analyses. The cells were injected into wild-type littermates, and orthotopic tumor growth and metastasis were monitored. Atg5 was knocked down in pancreatic cancer cell lines using small hairpin RNAs; cell migration and invasion were measured, and cells were injected into wild-type littermates. PDAC samples were obtained from independent cohorts of patients and protein levels were measured on immunoblot and immunohistochemistry; we tested the correlation of protein levels with metastasis and patient survival times. RESULTS A5+/-;Kras mice, with reduced Atg5 levels, developed more tumors and metastases, than control mice, whereas A5;Kras mice did not develop any tumors. Cultured A5+/-;Kras primary tumor cells were resistant to induction and inhibition of autophagy, had altered mitochondrial morphology, compromised mitochondrial function, changes in intracellular Ca2+ oscillations, and increased activity of extracellular cathepsin L and D. The tumors that formed in A5+/-;Kras mice contained greater numbers of type 2 macrophages than control mice, and primary A5+/-;Kras tumor cells had up-regulated expression of cytokines that regulate macrophage chemoattraction and differentiation into M2 macrophage. Knockdown of Atg5 in pancreatic cancer cell lines increased their migratory and invasive capabilities, and formation of metastases following injection into mice. In human PDAC samples, lower levels of ATG5 associated with tumor metastasis and shorter survival time. CONCLUSIONS In mice that express oncogenic Kras in pancreatic cells, heterozygous disruption of Atg5 and reduced protein levels promotes tumor development, whereas homozygous disruption of Atg5 blocks tumorigenesis. Therapeutic strategies to alter autophagy in PDAC should consider the effects of ATG5 levels to avoid the expansion of resistant and highly aggressive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kivanc Görgülü
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kalliope N Diakopoulos
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jiaoyu Ai
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schoeps
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Derya Kabacaoglu
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Angeliki-Faidra Karpathaki
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin J Ciecielski
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ezgi Kaya-Aksoy
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dietrich A Ruess
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Berninger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marlena Kowalska
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marija Stevanovic
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja M Wörmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Wartmann
- Klinik für Chirurgie Bereich Experimentelle Operative Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- Klinik für Chirurgie Bereich Experimentelle Operative Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Walter Halangk
- Klinik für Chirurgie Bereich Experimentelle Operative Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Svetlana Voronina
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alexey Tepikin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anna Melissa Schlitter
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany and German Cancer Consortium, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany and German Cancer Consortium, Munich, Germany; Comparative Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Artati
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Centre, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Centre, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center and German Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Götz Hartleben
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany and German Cancer Consortium, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Achim Krüger
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Lesina
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Hana Algül
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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149
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Park N, Park Y, Ramalingam M, Yadav AK, Cho H, Hong VS, More KN, Bae J, Bishop‐Bailey D, Kano J, Noguchi M, Jang I, Lee K, Lee J, Choi J, Jang B. Meridianin C inhibits the growth of YD-10B human tongue cancer cells through macropinocytosis and the down-regulation of Dickkopf-related protein-3. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5833-5846. [PMID: 30246484 PMCID: PMC6237585 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Meridianin C is a marine natural product known for its anti-cancer activity. At present, the anti-tumour effects of meridianin C on oral squamous cell carcinoma are unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of meridianin C on the proliferation of four different human tongue cancer cells, YD-8, YD-10B, YD-38 and HSC-3. Among the cells tested, meridianin C most strongly reduced the growth of YD-10B cells; the most aggressive and tumorigenic of the cell lines tested. Strikingly, meridianin C induced a significant accumulation of macropinosomes in the YD-10B cells; confirmed by the microscopic and TEM analysis as well as the entry of FITC-dextran, which was sensitive to the macropinocytosis inhibitor amiloride. SEM data also revealed abundant long and thin membrane extensions that resemble lamellipodia on the surface of YD-10B cells treated with meridianin C, pointing out that meridianin C-induced macropinosomes was the result of macropinocytosis. In addition, meridianin C reduced cellular levels of Dickkopf-related protein-3 (DKK-3), a known negative regulator of macropinocytosis. A role for DKK-3 in regulating macropinocytosis in the YD-10B cells was confirmed by siRNA knockdown of endogenous DKK-3, which led to a partial accumulation of vacuoles and a reduction in cell proliferation, and by exogenous DKK-3 overexpression, which resulted in a considerable inhibition of the meridianin C-induced vacuole formation and decrease in cell survival. In summary, this is the first study reporting meridianin C has novel anti-proliferative effects via macropinocytosis in the highly tumorigenic YD-10B cell line and the effects are mediated in part through down-regulation of DKK-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam‐Sook Park
- Department of Molecular MedicineCollege of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Yu‐Kyoung Park
- Department of Molecular MedicineCollege of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Mahesh Ramalingam
- Department of Molecular MedicineCollege of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Anil Kumar Yadav
- Department of Molecular MedicineCollege of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyo‐Rim Cho
- Department of Molecular MedicineCollege of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Victor Sukbong Hong
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Natural SciencesKeimyung UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Kunal N. More
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Natural SciencesKeimyung UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Hoon Bae
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Junko Kano
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of PathologyUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Masayuki Noguchi
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of PathologyUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Ik‐Soon Jang
- Biological Disaster Analysis GroupDivision of Convergence BiotechnologyKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Bok Lee
- Biological Disaster Analysis GroupDivision of Convergence BiotechnologyKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and TechnologyChungnam National UniversityDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jong‐Soon Choi
- Biological Disaster Analysis GroupDivision of Convergence BiotechnologyKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and TechnologyChungnam National UniversityDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Byeong‐Churl Jang
- Department of Molecular MedicineCollege of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
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150
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Jeong S, Byun JK, Cho SJ, Chin J, Lee IK, Choi YK, Park KG. Transcription Factor Eb Is Required for Macropinocytosis-Mediated Growth Recovery of Nutrient-Deprived Kras-Mutant Cells. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111638. [PMID: 30400219 PMCID: PMC6265907 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a regulated form of endocytosis that mediates the nonselective uptake of nutrients to support growth under nutrient-deprived conditions. KRAS-mutant cancer cells upregulate macropinocytosis to import extracellular proteins, which subsequently undergo proteolytic degradation in the lysosome. Although transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and function, its role in the degradation of extracellular protein from macropinocytosis in KRAS-mutant cells has not previously been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of TFEB in the recovery of macropinocytosis-mediated mTORC1 activity and cell growth under nutrient depletion. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) expressing KrasG12D and KRAS-mutant human cancer cells took up markedly higher levels of tetramethylrhodamine (TMR)-dextran than the corresponding wild-type cells. siRNA-mediated inhibition of TFEB did not influence extracellular TMR-dextran uptake, but significantly attenuated lysosomal degradation of extracellular protein. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) treatment restored p-S6K levels and cell proliferation suppressed by leucine deprivation, and these effects were blocked by siTFEB. Collectively, our results show that TFEB plays a role in macropinocytosis-mediated KRAS-mutant cell growth under nutrient deprivation by promoting lysosomal degradation of extracellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokmin Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Jun-Kyu Byun
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea.
| | - Jungwook Chin
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea.
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea.
| | - Yeon-Kyung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea.
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea.
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