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Girard M, Carrier P, Loustaud-Ratti V, Nubukpo P. BDNF levels and liver stiffness in subjects with alcohol use disorder: Evaluation after alcohol withdrawal. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2020; 47:191-198. [PMID: 33176105 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2020.1833211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a key role in the processes of withdrawal and addiction in alcohol use disorder (AUD), and is also involved in liver homeostasis. The role of BDNF in liver damage and its link with liver stiffness are not known. We hypothesize that serum BDNF levels are linked to changes in hepatic elasticity, both of which depend on variations in alcohol consumption.Objectives: We aimed to study the evolution of BDNF levels and changes in the liver stiffness (LS) of AUD subjects, within two months following withdrawal.Methods: We measured LS by FibroScan® (as an indicator of the degree of liver fibrosis), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels (as a nonspecific but sensitive marker of liver status) and serum BDNF levels of 62 alcohol-dependent subjects without previously identified liver complications. Measures were obtained at the time of withdrawal (M0) and two months later (M2). Results: BDNF levels increased after alcohol withdrawal and small variations of LS were observed. BDNF values increased significantly according to fibrosis stages measured by LS (p = .028 at M0), and were predicted by GGT levels in a regression model (p = .007 at M0 and p = .003 at M2).Conclusion: In AUD, BDNF levels were associated with measured LS when divided into fibrosis risk categories. Changes in LS and BDNF levels after alcohol withdrawal may be related to changes in homeostatic mechanisms, in addition to those of liver status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Girard
- Unité de Recherche et de Neurostimulation, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France.,NSERM U1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Limoges, France
| | - Paul Carrier
- Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, Pôle Universitaire d'Addictologie, Limoges, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dupuytren, Fédération d'Hépatologie, Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Limoges, France
| | - Véronique Loustaud-Ratti
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dupuytren, Fédération d'Hépatologie, Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Limoges, France.,Faculté de Médecine, UMR/INSERM 1248, Limoges, France
| | - Philippe Nubukpo
- Unité de Recherche et de Neurostimulation, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France.,NSERM U1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Limoges, France.,Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, Pôle Universitaire d'Addictologie, Limoges, France
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102
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Expression analysis of BDNF, BACE1 and their antisense transcripts in inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 47:102613. [PMID: 33160139 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathies (AIDP and CIDP) are two immune-related conditions in the peripheral nervous system. In the current study, we assessed expression levels of Beta-secretase (BACE1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and their antisense transcripts in the peripheral blood of AIDP and CIDP patients compared with age- and sex-matched controls to assess their potential as biomarkers for these conditions. Expressions of BACE1 and BACE1-AS were down-regulated in CIDP cases compared with controls (Ratios of mean expressions=0.01 and 0.03; P values= 1.07E-08, respectively). On the other hand, expressions of BDNF and BDNF-AS were up-regulated in CIDP cases compared with controls (Ratios of mean expressions=4.78 and 25.71; P values= 7.84E-03 and 2.66E-07, respectively). Expressions of BACE1 and BACE1-AS were lower in AIDP cases compared with controls (Ratios of mean expressions=0.00; P values= 6.92E-10 and 8.04E-10, respectively). While expression of BDNF was not different between AIDP cases and controls, expression of its antisense transcript was higher in total AIDP cases compared with total controls (Ratio of mean expression= 8.61, P value=3.69E-04). Expressions of BACE1-AS, BDNF and BDNF-AS were significantly higher in CIDP cases compared with AIDP cases (Ratios of mean expression=1.98, 3.49 and 2.99; P values=4.67E-02, 4.67E-04 and 8.94E-03 respectively). Expression levels of BACE1, BACE1-AS and BDNF-AS could distinguish AIDP and CIDP cases from healthy subjects. BACE1 had the best diagnostic values in differentiation of CIDP and AIDP cases from controls (AUC values=0.88 and 0.91, respectively). Combination of all genes enhanced the diagnostic power to 0.96, 0.97 and 0.97 for differentiation between CIDP/controls, AIDP/controls and all patients/controls, respectively. Taken together, these genes might be implicated in the pathogenesis of AIDP and CIDP and can be suggested as putative markers for these conditions.
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103
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Borgi M, Collacchi B, Ortona E, Cirulli F. Stress and coping in women with breast cancer:unravelling the mechanisms to improve resilience. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 119:406-421. [PMID: 33086128 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer diagnosis, surgery, adjuvant therapies and survivorship can all be extremely stressful. In women, concerns about body image are common as a result of the disease and can affect interpersonal relationships, possibly leading to social isolation, increasing the likelihood for mood disorders. This is particularly relevant as women are at greater risk to develop anxiety and depressive symptoms in response to highly stressful situations. Here we address the mechanisms and the pathways activated as a result of stress and contributing to changes in the pathophysiology of breast cancer, as well as the potential of stress management factors and interventions in buffering the deleterious effects of chronic stress in a gender perspective. An improved understanding of the biological mechanisms linking stress-management resources to health-relevant biological processes in breast cancer patients could reveal novel therapeutic targets and help clarifying which psychosocial interventions can improve cancer outcomes, ultimately offering a unique opportunity to improve contemporary cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Borgi
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Collacchi
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Ortona
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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104
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Gharipour M, Barekatain M, Sung J, Emami N, Sadeghian L, Dianatkhah M, Sarrafzadegan N, Jahanfar S. The Epigenetic Overlap between Obesity and Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186758. [PMID: 32942585 PMCID: PMC7555814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Obesity and mood disorders are considered as the most prevalent morbidities in many countries. We suppose that epigenetic mechanisms may induce higher rates of obesity in subjects who suffer from mood disorders. In this systematic review, we focused on the potential roles of DNA methylation on mood disorders and obesity development. (2) Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement and registered in Prospero. A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central database, EMBASE, and CINHAL. We also conducted a Grey literature search, such as Google Scholar. (3) Results: After deduplication, we identified 198 potentially related citations. Finally, ten unique studies met our inclusion criteria. We have found three overlap genes that show significant DNA methylation changes, both in obesity and depression. Pathway analysis interaction for TAPBP, BDNF, and SORBS2 confirmed the relation of these genes in both obesity and mood disorders. (4) Conclusions: While mechanisms linking both obesity and mood disorders to epigenetic response are still unknown, we have already known chronic inflammation induces a novel epigenetic program. As the results of gene enrichment, pathways analysis showed that TAPBP, BDNF, and SORBS2 linked together by inflammatory pathways. Hypermethylation in these genes might play a crucial rule in the co-occurrence of obesity and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Gharipour
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Genetics and Epigenetics Department, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran;
| | - Majid Barekatain
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Behavioral Science Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran;
| | - Johoon Sung
- Department Public Health Science, Genome & Health Big Data, Seoul National University, Seoul 05649, Korea;
| | - Naghmeh Emami
- Research Department, Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran;
| | - Ladan Sadeghian
- Research Department, Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran;
| | - Minoo Dianatkhah
- Research Department, Heart Failure Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran;
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran;
| | - Shayesteh Jahanfar
- MPH Program, School of Public Health, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +98-313-611-5116; Fax: +98-313-611-5303
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105
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Oo TT, Pratchayasakul W, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Potential Roles of Myeloid Differentiation Factor 2 on Neuroinflammation and Its Possible Interventions. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4825-4844. [PMID: 32803490 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is the primary response by immune cells in the nervous system to protect against infection. Chronic and uncontrolled neuroinflammation triggers neuronal injury and neuronal death resulting in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, fine tuning of the immune response in the nervous system is now extensively considered as a potential therapeutic intervention for those diseases. The immune cells of the nervous system express Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) together with myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2) to protect against the pathogens. Over the last 10 years, antagonists targeting the functional domains of MD-2 have become attractive pharmacological intervention strategies in pre-clinical studies into neuroinflammation and its associated brain pathologies. This review aims to summarize and discuss the roles of TLR4-MD-2 signaling pathway activation in various models of neuroinflammation. This review article also highlights the studies reporting the effect of MD-2 antagonists on neuroinflammation in in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thura Tun Oo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. .,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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106
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Dattilo V, Amato R, Perrotti N, Gennarelli M. The Emerging Role of SGK1 (Serum- and Glucocorticoid-Regulated Kinase 1) in Major Depressive Disorder: Hypothesis and Mechanisms. Front Genet 2020; 11:826. [PMID: 32849818 PMCID: PMC7419621 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous psychiatric disease characterized by persistent low mood, diminished interests, and impaired cognitive and social functions. The multifactorial etiology of MDD is still largely unknown because of the complex genetic and environmental interactions involved. Therefore, no established mechanism can explain all the aspects of the disease. In this light, an extensive research about the pathophysiology of MDD has been carried out. Several pathogenic hypotheses, such as monoamines deficiency and neurobiological alterations in the stress-responsive system, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the immune system, have been proposed for MDD. Over time, remarkable studies, mainly on preclinical rodent models, linked the serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) to the main features of MDD. SGK1 is a serine/threonine kinase belonging to the AGK Kinase family. SGK1 is ubiquitously expressed, which plays a pivotal role in the hormonal regulation of several ion channels, carriers, pumps, and transcription factors or regulators. SGK1 expression is modulated by cell stress and hormones, including gluco- and mineralocorticoids. Compelling evidence suggests that increased SGK1 expression or function is related to the pathogenic stress hypothesis of major depression. Therefore, the first part of the present review highlights the putative role of SGK1 as a critical mediator in the dysregulation of the HPA axis, observed under chronic stress conditions, and its controversial role in the neuroinflammation as well. The second part depicts the negative regulation exerted by SGK1 in the expression of both the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), resulting in an anti-neurogenic activity. Finally, the review focuses on the antidepressant-like effects of anti-oxidative nutraceuticals in several preclinical model of depression, resulting from the restoration of the physiological expression and/or activity of SGK1, which leads to an increase in neurogenesis. In summary, the purpose of this review is a systematic analysis of literature depicting SGK1 as molecular junction of the complex mechanisms underlying the MDD in an effort to suggest the kinase as a potential biomarker and strategic target in modern molecular antidepressant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Dattilo
- Genetic Unit, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosario Amato
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Mater Domini University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Perrotti
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Mater Domini University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Genetic Unit, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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107
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Dias CT, Curi HT, Payolla TB, Lemes SF, Betim Pavan IC, Torsoni MA, Simabuco FM, Lambertucci RH, Mendes da Silva C. Maternal high-fat diet stimulates proinflammatory pathway and increases the expression of Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in adolescent mice hippocampus. Neurochem Int 2020; 139:104781. [PMID: 32652271 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) consumption can promote a systemic inflammatory condition that may impair the offspring brain development, damaging memory and learning, when it reaches the hippocampus. This study aims to evaluate maternal HFD effects, during pregnancy and lactation, upon dams/mice offspring nutritional status, protein and gene expression of inflammatory pathway (JNK, pJNK and TNF-α), serotonin system molecules (Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 (TPH2), key-enzyme of serotonin synthesis, serotonin transporter (SERT); 5-HT1A serotonergic receptor (5-HT1A)) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on recently weaned mice offspring hippocampus. Female Swiss mice were fed a control diet (CD, 11,5% fat) or a HFD (45.0% fat) from pre-mating to lactation. After weaning, the offspring received CD up to 28 post-natal days (PND28). Body weight and visceral adiposity (retroperitoneal and gonadal adipose tissue) of dams and offspring were measured. After euthanasia, the offspring hippocampus was dissected for evaluations of BDNF, inflammatory pathway and serotonergic system molecules protein and gene expression, through the techniques of Western Blotting, RTqPCR and ELISA. Our findings show that, during pregnancy, HFD-dams and HFD-offspring exhibited an increase in body weight gain and visceral adipose tissue compared to control animals. The hippocampus of HFD-offspring showed increased protein expression of TPH2, BDNF, pJNK and increased mRNA levels of TNF-α. However, the TPH2 increase in HFD-offspring did not alter hippocampal serotonin levels quantified through ELISA. Maternal HFD promoted an obesity phenotype in its offspring with increased body weight and visceral adiposity, increased protein and gene expression of the pro-inflammatory proteins pJNK and TNF-α. These changes were accompanied by increased TPH2 and BDNF protein expression. Thus, our findings show that maternal HFD during gestation and lactation increased pJNK and TNF-α expression in their offspring hippocampus indicating a pro-inflammatory state, with increased BDNF expression and alterations in its serotonergic system reflected by increased TPH2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Tavares Dias
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Nutrition, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo/UNIFESP (Campus Baixada Santista), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Haidar Tafner Curi
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Nutrition, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo/UNIFESP (Campus Baixada Santista), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Tanyara Baliani Payolla
- Laboratory of Metabolism Disorders, Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Ferreira Lemes
- Laboratory of Metabolism Disorders, Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Isadora Carolina Betim Pavan
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Alberto Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolism Disorders, Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Herling Lambertucci
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Nutrition, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo/UNIFESP (Campus Baixada Santista), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Mendes da Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Nutrition, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo/UNIFESP (Campus Baixada Santista), Santos, SP, Brazil.
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108
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Walsh EI, Smith L, Northey J, Rattray B, Cherbuin N. Towards an understanding of the physical activity-BDNF-cognition triumvirate: A review of associations and dosage. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 60:101044. [PMID: 32171785 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity has received substantial research attention due to its beneficial impact on cognition in ageing, particularly via the action of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It is well established that physical activity can elevate circulating levels of BDNF, and that BDNF has neurotrophic, neuroprotective and cognitively beneficial properties. Yet, practical implementation of this knowledge is limited by a lack of clarity on context and dose-effect. Against a shifting backdrop of gradually diminishing physical and cognitive capacity in normal ageing, the type, intensity, and duration of physical activity required to elicit elevations in BDNF, and more importantly, the magnitude of BDNF elevation required for detectable neuroprotection remains poorly characterised. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the association between physical activity, BDNF, and cognition, with a focus on clarifying the magnitude of these effects in the context of normative ageing. We discuss the implications of the available evidence for the design of physical activity interventions intended to promote healthy cognitive ageing.
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109
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Nagy EE, Frigy A, Szász JA, Horváth E. Neuroinflammation and microglia/macrophage phenotype modulate the molecular background of post-stroke depression: A literature review. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2510-2523. [PMID: 32765743 PMCID: PMC7401670 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence hints to the central role of neuroinflammation in the development of post-stroke depression. Danger signals released in the acute phase of ischemia trigger microglial activation, along with the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. The increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) provokes neuronal degeneration and apoptosis, whereas IL-6, interferon γ (IFNγ), and TNFα induce aberrant tryptophane degradation with the accumulation of the end-product quinolinic acid in resident glial cells. This promotes glutamate excitotoxicity via hyperexcitation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and antagonizes 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, reducing synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival, thus favoring depression. In the post-stroke period, CX3CL1 and the CD200-CD200R interaction mediates the activation of glial cells, whereas CCL-2 attracts infiltrating macrophages. CD206 positive cells grant the removal of excessive danger signals; the high number of regulatory T cells, IL-4, IL-10, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), and intracellular signaling via cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) support the M2 type differentiation. In favorable conditions, these cells may exert efficient clearance, mediate tissue repair, and might be essential players in the downregulation of molecular pathways that promote post-stroke depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Előd Ernő Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, 'George Emil Palade' University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Attila Frigy
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, 'George Emil Palade' University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540103 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - József Attila Szász
- Neurology Clinic II, 'George Emil Palade' University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Emőke Horváth
- Department of Pathology, 'George Emil Palade' University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
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110
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Borgonetti V, Governa P, Biagi M, Galeotti N. Novel Therapeutic Approach for the Management of Mood Disorders: In Vivo and In Vitro Effect of a Combination of L-Theanine, Melissa officinalis L. and Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E.H. Wilson. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061803. [PMID: 32560413 PMCID: PMC7353338 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders represent one of the most prevalent and costly psychiatric diseases worldwide. The current therapies are generally characterized by several well-known side effects which limit their prolonged use. The use of herbal medicine for the management of several psychiatric conditions is becoming more established, as it is considered a safer support to conventional pharmacotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible anxiolytic and antidepressant activity of a fixed combination of L-theanine, Magnolia officinalis, and Melissa officinalis (TMM) in an attempt to evaluate how the multiple modulations of different physiological systems may contribute to reducing mood disorders. TMM showed an anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like activity in vivo, which was related to a neuroprotective effect in an in vitro model of excitotoxicity. The effect of TMM was not altered by the presence of flumazenil, thus suggesting a non-benzodiazepine-like mechanism of action. On the contrary, a significant reduction in the effect was observed in animals and neuronal cells co-treated with AM251, a cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) antagonist, suggesting that the endocannabinoid system may be involved in the TMM mechanism of action. In conclusion, TMM may represent a useful and safe candidate for the management of mood disorders with an innovative mechanism of action, particularly as an adjuvant to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Borgonetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Paolo Governa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy-Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Marco Biagi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Strada Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-275-8391
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Molecular Effects of FDA-Approved Multiple Sclerosis Drugs on Glial Cells and Neurons of the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124229. [PMID: 32545828 PMCID: PMC7352301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by peripheral and central inflammatory features, as well as demyelination and neurodegeneration. The available Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for MS have been designed to suppress the peripheral immune system. In addition, however, the effects of these drugs may be partially attributed to their influence on glial cells and neurons of the central nervous system (CNS). We here describe the molecular effects of the traditional and more recent FDA-approved MS drugs Fingolimod, Dimethyl Fumarate, Glatiramer Acetate, Interferon-β, Teriflunomide, Laquinimod, Natalizumab, Alemtuzumab and Ocrelizumab on microglia, astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, we point to a possible common molecular effect of these drugs, namely a key role for NFκB signaling, causing a switch from pro-inflammatory microglia and astrocytes to anti-inflammatory phenotypes of these CNS cell types that recently emerged as central players in MS pathogenesis. This notion argues for the need to further explore the molecular mechanisms underlying MS drug action.
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Song AQ, Gao B, Fan JJ, Zhu YJ, Zhou J, Wang YL, Xu LZ, Wu WN. NLRP1 inflammasome contributes to chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:178. [PMID: 32513185 PMCID: PMC7281929 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder, and inflammation has been considered crucial components of the pathogenesis of depression. NLRP1 inflammasome-driven inflammatory response is believed to participate in many neurological disorders. However, it is unclear whether NLRP1 inflammasome is implicated in the development of depression. METHODS Animal models of depression were established by four different chronic stress stimuli including chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), chronic restrain stress (CRS), chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), and repeat social defeat stress (RSDS). Depressive-like behaviors were determined by sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swim test (FST), tail-suspension test (TST), open-field test (OFT), social interaction test (SIT), and light-dark test (LDT). The expression of NLRP1 inflammasome complexes, BDNF, and CXCL1/CXCR2 were tested by western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Nlrp1a knockdown was performed by an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector containing Nlrp1a-shRNA-eGFP infusion. RESULTS Chronic stress stimuli activated hippocampal NLRP1 inflammasome and promoted the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α in mice. Hippocampal Nlrp1a knockdown prevented NLRP1 inflammasome-driven inflammatory response and ameliorated stress-induced depressive-like behaviors. Also, chronic stress stimuli caused the increase in hippocampal CXCL1/CXCR2 expression and low BDNF levels in mice. Interestingly, Nlrp1a knockdown inhibited the up-regulation of CXCL1/CXCR2 expression and restored BDNF levels in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS NLRP1 inflammasome-driven inflammatory response contributes to chronic stress induced depressive-like behaviors and the mechanism may be related to CXCL1/CXCR2/BDNF signaling pathway. Thus, NLRP1 inflammasome could become a potential antidepressant target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Qi Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Juan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Zhong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ning Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.
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113
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State-of-the-Art: Inflammatory and Metabolic Markers in Mood Disorders. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10060082. [PMID: 32517269 PMCID: PMC7345093 DOI: 10.3390/life10060082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence highlights the involvement of inflammatory/immune systems and their relationships with neurotransmitters and different metabolic processes in mood disorders. Nevertheless, there is a general agreement that available findings are still inconclusive. Therefore, further investigations are required, aimed at deepening the role of possible alterations of biomarkers in the pathophysiology of mood disorders that might lead to more focused and tailored treatments. The present study is a comprehensive review on these topics that seem to represent intriguing avenues for the development of real innovative therapeutic strategies of mood disorders.
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114
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Han Z, Wang Y, Qi L, Wang J, Wong J, Chen J, Luo X, Wang QM. Differential Association of Serum BDNF With Poststroke Depression and Poststroke Anxiety. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2020; 101:1355-1366. [PMID: 32416148 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the correlation between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and risk factors, as well as functional outcome in poststroke depression (PSD) or poststroke anxiety (PSA). DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Stroke patients admitted to an urban rehabilitation hospital. PARTICIPANTS Stroke patients (N=162) without any previous history of depression and anxiety. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sociodemographic information and comorbidities were recorded during hospital admission. Functional outcomes were assessed using FIM scores at time of admission and discharge. The influence of various factors such as BDNF and patient characteristics on functional outcome was investigated. Single-factor effect was examined using simple logistic regression, as was multi-factor effect using multiple logistic regression. The goodness-of-fit of those regression models was evaluated by the integrated area under ROC curve. RESULTS PSD was diagnosed in 61 (37.7%) patients, and PSA was diagnosed in 40 (24.7%). Multiple logistic analysis showed that BDNF, divorce or separation, and history of smoking were significantly associated with the occurrence of PSD but not with the occurrence of PSA. The model combining low BDNF level and divorce or separation improved the prediction for PSD. Among the variables analyzed for prediction of functional outcome, serum BDNF had a minimum correlation with motor FIM scores in PSD but no significant correlation with motor FIM scores in PSA. CONCLUSIONS BDNF is a valuable prediction for the occurrence of PSD but not for PSA. More strikingly, ischemic stroke patients who are divorced or separated with low serum BDNF have a much higher risk for PSD. BDNF has a minimum correlation with motor function outcome in PSD but no significant correlation with motor outcome in PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang Han
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nan'ao People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lili Qi
- Department of Emergency, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiening Wang
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - John Wong
- School of Nursing and Department of Occupational Therapy, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA
| | - Jiaohua Chen
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xun Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nan'ao People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China; Kerry Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Qing Mei Wang
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA.
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115
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Sayad A, Ghafouri-Fard S, Shams B, Arsang-Jang S, Gholami L, Taheri M. Blood and tissue levels of lncRNAs in periodontitis. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9568-9576. [PMID: 32372456 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a complex disorder that affects a large number of human beings from different ethnic groups. This condition has been associated with dysregulation of a number of genes, among them are long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). In the current study, we assessed the expression of four lncRNAs (BDNF-AS, MIAT, MIR137HG, and PNKY) as well as BDNF in the peripheral blood and gingival tissues obtained from patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects. The expression of BDNF was significantly lower in blood samples of male patients with periodontitis compared with male controls (posterior β of RE = -4.754, p = .048). However, there was no significant difference in the expression of BDNF in tissue samples from the cases and controls. The expression of BDNF-AS was significantly lower in the tissue samples of patients compared with control tissue samples (posterior β of RE = -2.151, p = .019). Such an expression difference was detected between male subgroups as well (posterior β of RE = -3.679, p = .009). However, expression of this lncRNA was not different in blood samples obtained from patients compared with healthy subjects. The expression of PNKY was significantly higher in tissue samples obtained from female patients compared with sex-matched controls (posterior β of RE = 6.23, p = .037). Blood levels of this lncRNA were not different between cases and controls. There was no significant difference either in the tissue expression or in blood expression of MIR137HG or MIAT between cases and controls. The current study indicates the putative role of BDNF, BDNF-AS, and PNKY in the pathophysiology of periodontitis and potentiates these genes as candidates for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezou Sayad
- Dental School, Dental Research Center, Research Institute for Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Shams
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Arsang-Jang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Leila Gholami
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chaturvedi P, Singh AK, Tiwari V, Thacker AK. Diabetes mellitus type 2 impedes functional recovery, neuroplasticity and quality of life after stroke. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:1035-1041. [PMID: 32318463 PMCID: PMC7114068 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_884_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The recovery after stroke depends on the resolution of brain edema and neuroplasticity. The comorbidities associated with stroke such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may increase the chances of unfavorable outcome and delay the recovery from stroke and needs further investigation. Subjects and Methods: The study dealt with 208 patients. The neurological status of the patients was assessed by Glasgow Coma Scale and the severity of stroke was assessed by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. Patients were divided into two groups: T2DM in group 1 and without T2DM in group 2. We assessed functional improvement by Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Scale, quality of life by Stroke Specific Quality of Life (SSQOL) Scale, and serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) for assessing neuroplasticity. Results: We observed lower levels of BDNF in diabetic stroke patients. There was significant improvement in FIM scale scores and SSQOL scale scores in non-diabetic stroke patients after 6 months (P < 0.05). The relative risk (RR) of poor functional recovery (FIM) in the diabetic group was 1.34 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–1.8] and the odds ratio (OR) was 1.8 (95% CI 1.03–3.12). Diabetes is an independent risk factor for poor BDNF recovery (serum BDNF < mean value, i.e. 10.07 ± 3.8 ng/mL) (RR 2.40; 95% CI: 1.36–4.21 and OR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.15–2.13] and poor quality of life (RR 1.56; 95% CI: 1.13–2.16 and OR 2.83; 95% CI: 1.14–7.0). Conclusion: Diabetes is not only a risk factor for stroke occurrence but also delayed recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Chaturvedi
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajai Kumar Singh
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vandana Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anup Kumar Thacker
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Baroli G, Sanchez JR, Agostinelli E, Mariottini P, Cervelli M. Polyamines: The possible missing link between mental disorders and epilepsy (Review). Int J Mol Med 2019; 45:3-9. [PMID: 31746386 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are small positively charged alkylamines that are essential in a number of crucial eukaryotic processes, like normal cell growth and development. In normal physiological conditions, intracellular polyamine content is tightly regulated through a fine regulated network of biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes and a transport system. The dysregulation of this network is frequently associated to different tumors, where high levels of polyamines has been detected. Polyamines also modulate ion channels and ionotropic glutamate receptors and altered levels of polyamines have been observed in different brain diseases, including mental disorders and epilepsy. The goal of this article is to review the role of polyamines in mental disorders and epilepsy within a frame of the possible link between these two brain pathologies. The high comorbidity between these two neurological illnesses is strongly suggestive that they share a common background in the central nervous system. This review proposes an additional association between the noradrenalin/serotonin and glutamatergic neuronal circuits with polyamines. Polyamines can be considered supplementary defensive shielding molecules, important to protect the brain from the development of epilepsy and mental illnesses that are caused by different types of neurons. In this contest, the modulation of polyamine metabolism may be a novel important target for the prevention and therapeutic treatment of these diseases that have a high impact on the costs of public health and considerably affect quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Baroli
- Department of Science, University of Rome 'Roma Tre', I‑00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences 'Rossi Fanelli', University of Rome 'La Sapienza', I‑00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Mariottini
- Department of Science, University of Rome 'Roma Tre', I‑00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Cervelli
- Department of Science, University of Rome 'Roma Tre', I‑00146 Rome, Italy
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