101
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Saberifar S, Hashemi F, Hushmandi K, Hashemi F, Moghadam ER, Mohammadinejad R, Najafi M, Garg M. Nobiletin in Cancer Therapy: How This Plant Derived-Natural Compound Targets Various Oncogene and Onco-Suppressor Pathways. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8050110. [PMID: 32380783 PMCID: PMC7277899 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8050110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy is a growing field, and annually, a high number of research is performed to develop novel antitumor drugs. Attempts to find new antitumor drugs continue, since cancer cells are able to acquire resistance to conventional drugs. Natural chemicals can be considered as promising candidates in the field of cancer therapy due to their multiple-targeting capability. The nobiletin (NOB) is a ubiquitous flavone isolated from Citrus fruits. The NOB has a variety of pharmacological activities, such as antidiabetes, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective. Among them, the antitumor activity of NOB has been under attention over recent years. In this review, we comprehensively describe the efficacy of NOB in cancer therapy. NOB induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. It can suppress migration and invasion of cancer cells via the inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and EMT-related factors such as TGF-β, ZEB, Slug, and Snail. Besides, NOB inhibits oncogene factors such as STAT3, NF-κB, Akt, PI3K, Wnt, and so on. Noteworthy, onco-suppressor factors such as microRNA-7 and -200b undergo upregulation by NOB in cancer therapy. These onco-suppressor and oncogene pathways and mechanisms are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran;
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;
| | - Sedigheh Saberifar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 6135783151, Iran;
| | - Farid Hashemi
- DVM. Graduated, Young Researcher and Elite Club, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazeroon 7319846451, Iran;
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417414418, Iran;
| | - Fardin Hashemi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715749, Iran;
| | - Ebrahim Rahmani Moghadam
- Student Research Committee, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134814336, Iran;
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (M.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (M.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida-201313, India
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (M.N.); (M.G.)
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102
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Qayed M, Cash T, Tighiouart M, MacDonald TJ, Goldsmith KC, Tanos R, Kean L, Watkins B, Suessmuth Y, Wetmore C, Katzenstein HM. A phase I study of sirolimus in combination with metronomic therapy (CHOAnome) in children with recurrent or refractory solid and brain tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28134. [PMID: 31876107 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE To determine the maximum tolerated dose, toxicities, and response of sirolimus combined with oral metronomic therapy in pediatric patients with recurrent and refractory solid and brain tumors. PROCEDURE Patients younger than 30 years of age with recurrent, refractory, or high-risk solid and brain tumors were eligible. Patients received six-week cycles of sirolimus with twice daily celecoxib, and alternating etoposide and cyclophosphamide every three weeks, with Bayesian dose escalation over four dose levels (NCT01331135). RESULTS Eighteen patients were enrolled: four on dose level (DL) 1, four on DL2, eight on DL3, and two on DL4. Diagnoses included solid tumors (Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, rhabdoid tumor, retinoblastoma) and brain tumors (glioblastoma multiforme [GBM], diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, high-grade glioma [HGG], medulloblastoma, ependymoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, low-grade infiltrative astrocytoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, nongerminomatous germ cell tumor]. One dose-limiting toxicity (DLT; grade 4 neutropenia) was observed on DL2, two DLTs (grade 3 abdominal pain and grade 3 mucositis) on DL3, and two DLTs (grade 3 dehydration and grade 3 mucositis) on DL4. The recommended phase II dose of sirolimus was 2 mg/m2 (DL3). Best response was stable disease (SD) in eight patients, and partial response (PR) in one patient with GBM. A patient with HGG was removed from the study with SD and developed PR without further therapy. Western blot analysis showed inhibition of phospho-S6 kinase in all patients during the first cycle of therapy. CONCLUSION The combination of sirolimus with metronomic chemotherapy is well tolerated in children. A phase II trial of this combination is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Qayed
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Thomas Cash
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mourad Tighiouart
- Samuel Oschkin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tobey J MacDonald
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kelly C Goldsmith
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rachel Tanos
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Leslie Kean
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin Watkins
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Cynthia Wetmore
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Howard M Katzenstein
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Nemours Children's Specialty Care and Wolfson Children's Hospital, Jacksonville, Florida
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103
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An Overview of the Potential Antineoplastic Effects of Casticin. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061287. [PMID: 32178324 PMCID: PMC7144019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer persists as one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide, contributing to approximately 9.6 million deaths per annum in recent years. Despite the numerous advancements in cancer treatment, there is still abundant scope to mitigate recurrence, adverse side effects and toxicities caused by existing pharmaceutical drugs. To achieve this, many phytochemicals from plants and natural products have been tested against cancer cell lines in vivo and in vitro. Likewise, casticin, a flavonoid extracted from the Vitex species, has been isolated from the leaves and seeds of V. trifolia and V. agnus-castus. Casticin possesses a wide range of therapeutic properties, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, antiasthmatic and antineoplastic activities. Several studies have been conducted on the anticancer effects of casticin against cancers, including breast, bladder, oral, lung, leukemia and hepatocellular carcinomas. The compound inhibits invasion, migration and proliferation and induces apoptosis (casticin-induced, ROS-mediated and mitochondrial-dependent) and cell cycle arrest (G0/G1, G2/M, etc.) through different signaling pathways, namely the PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, STAT3 and FOXO3a/FoxM1 pathways. This review summarizes the chemo-preventive ability of casticin as an antineoplastic agent against several malignancies.
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104
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Díaz M, Bassols J, López-Bermejo A, de Zegher F, Ibáñez L. Low Circulating Levels of miR-451a in Girls with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Different Effects of Randomized Treatments. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5626384. [PMID: 31730174 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent disorder in adolescent girls, purportedly driven by hepato-visceral fat excess, and often followed by subfertility and type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE We studied the baseline microRNA (miRNA) profile of girls with PCOS, and the effects of a randomized treatment with an oral contraceptive (OC) or with spironolactone-pioglitazone-metformin (SPIOMET, aiming at loss of hepato-visceral fat excess) for 1 year. DESIGN & PATIENTS The miRNA profile was assessed by RNA sequencing in girls with PCOS who had participated in a randomized, open-label, single-center, pilot study (n = 31; age 15.7 years, body mass index (BMI) 23.1 kg/m2). Healthy age- and BMI-matched girls (n = 13) served as controls. Differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR in the entire study population. Post-treatment ovulation rates were assessed by salivary progesterone in PCOS girls. SETTING Endocrinology Department, University Hospital. RESULTS Girls with PCOS, compared with controls, had markedly reduced concentrations of circulating miR-451a, miR-652-3p, miR-106b-5p, and miR-206; pathway enrichment analysis showed that these miRNAs target genes involved in energy homeostasis and cell cycle control. In the present study, miR-451a could diagnose PCOS with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. SPIOMET (but not OC) was accompanied by on-treatment normalization of the miRNA profile in girls with PCOS; miR-451a concentrations after 1 year on OC or SPIOMET treatment associated closely (r = 0.66; P < .0001) with post-treatment ovulation rates. CONCLUSION SPIOMET treatment for 1 year normalizes the miRNA profile of girls with PCOS. Circulating miR-451a may become a biomarker to guide the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Díaz
- Institut de Recerca Pediàtric Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Judit Bassols
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), Salt, Spain
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI) and Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Francis de Zegher
- Department of Development & Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Institut de Recerca Pediàtric Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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105
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Naz I, Ramchandani S, Khan MR, Yang MH, Ahn KS. Anticancer Potential of Raddeanin A, a Natural Triterpenoid Isolated from Anemone raddeana Regel. Molecules 2020; 25:E1035. [PMID: 32106609 PMCID: PMC7179125 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds extracted from plants have gained immense importance in the fight against cancer cells due to their lesser toxicity and potential therapeutic effects. Raddeanin A (RA), an oleanane type triterpenoid is a major compound isolated from Anemone raddeana Regel. As an anticancer agent, RA induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inhibits invasion, migration and angiogenesis in malignant cell lines as well as in preclinical models. In this systemic review, the pharmacological effects of RA and its underlying molecular mechanisms were carefully analyzed and potential molecular targets have been highlighted. The apoptotic potential of RA can be mediated through the modulation of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, cytochrome c and poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. PI3K/Akt signaling pathway serves as the major molecular target affected by RA. Furthermore, RA can block cell proliferation through inhibition of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cells. RA can also alter the activation of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways to suppress invasion and metastasis. RA has also exhibited promising anticancer potential against drug resistant cancer cells and can enhance the anticancer effects of several chemotherapeutic agents. Overall, RA may function as a promising compound in combating cancer, although further in-depth study is required under clinical settings to validate its efficacy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irum Naz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | | | | | - Min Hee Yang
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
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106
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Tarantelli C, Lupia A, Stathis A, Bertoni F. Is There a Role for Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitors for Patients Affected with Lymphoma? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1060. [PMID: 32033478 PMCID: PMC7037719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is a main driver of cell growth, proliferation, survival, and chemoresistance of cancer cells, and, for this reason, represents an attractive target for developing targeted anti-cancer drugs. There are plenty of preclinical data sustaining the anti-tumor activity of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors as single agents and in combination in lymphomas. Clinical responses, including complete remissions (especially in follicular lymphoma patients), are also observed in the very few clinical studies performed in patients that are affected by relapsed/refractory lymphomas or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In this review, we summarize the literature on dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors focusing on the lymphoma setting, presenting both the three compounds still in clinical development and those with a clinical program stopped or put on hold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tarantelli
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
| | - Antonio Lupia
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Anastasios Stathis
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
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107
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Ma X, Cui Z, Du Z, Lin H. Transforming growth factor-β signaling, a potential mechanism associated with diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer? J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5882-5892. [PMID: 32017070 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a common malignant digestive disease. Epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated that pancreatic cancer is closely related to diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients are more likely to develop pancreatic cancer, which is linked with poor outcomes. Pancreatic cancer is complicated with abnormal blood sugar and insulin resistance and promotes the development of diabetes mellitus. Understanding the molecular mechanisms linking diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer is essential for the treatment of diabetes cancer patients. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is deregulated in cancer and has a dual role in different stages of cancer as a suppressor or a promoter. More important, The TGF-β signaling pathway is also another important reason for diabetic complications. This review summarizes the relationship between diabetes and pancreatic cancer, in particular, focusing on the role of the TGF-β signaling pathway. It is possible to find drugs like metformin that can prevent and treat pancreatic cancer by targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Ma
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Nanchang Joint Programme, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Zhiwei Cui
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Nanchang Joint Programme, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Zhide Du
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Nanchang Joint Programme, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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108
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Ardisson Korat AV, Malik VS, Furtado JD, Sacks F, Rosner B, Rexrode KM, Willett WC, Mozaffarian D, Hu FB, Sun Q. Circulating Very-Long-Chain SFA Concentrations Are Inversely Associated with Incident Type 2 Diabetes in US Men and Women. J Nutr 2020; 150:340-349. [PMID: 31618417 PMCID: PMC7308624 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very-long-chain SFAs (VLCSFAs), such as arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0), have demonstrated inverse associations with cardiometabolic conditions, although more evidence is needed to characterize their relation with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In addition, little is known regarding their potential dietary and lifestyle predictors. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the association of plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of VLCSFAs with incident T2D risk. METHODS We used existing measurements of fatty acid concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes among 2854 and 2831 participants in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS), respectively. VLCSFAs were measured using GLC, and individual fatty acid concentrations were expressed as a percentage of total fatty acids. Incident T2D cases were identified by self-reports and confirmed by a validated supplementary questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association between VLCSFAs and T2D, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and dietary variables. RESULTS During 39,941 person-years of follow-up, we documented 243 cases of T2D. Intakes of peanuts, peanut butter, vegetable fat, dairy fat, and palmitic/stearic (16:0-18:0) fatty acids were significantly, albeit weakly, correlated with plasma and erythrocyte VLCSFA concentrations (|rs| ≤ 0.19). Comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles of plasma concentrations, pooled HRs (95% CIs) were 0.51 (0.35, 0.75) for arachidic acid, 0.43 (0.28, 0.64) for behenic acid, 0.40 (0.27, 0.61) for lignoceric acid, and 0.41 (0.27, 0.61) for the sum of VLCSFAs, after multivariate adjustments for demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors. For erythrocyte VLCSFAs, only arachidic acid and behenic acid concentrations were inversely associated with T2D risk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that, in US men and women, higher plasma concentrations of VLCSFAs are associated with lower risk of T2D. More research is needed to understand the mechanistic pathways underlying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres V Ardisson Korat
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vasanti S Malik
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy D Furtado
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn M Rexrode
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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109
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Berlanga-Acosta JA, Guillén-Nieto GE, Rodríguez-Rodríguez N, Mendoza-Mari Y, Bringas-Vega ML, Berlanga-Saez JO, García del Barco Herrera D, Martinez-Jimenez I, Hernandez-Gutierrez S, Valdés-Sosa PA. Cellular Senescence as the Pathogenic Hub of Diabetes-Related Wound Chronicity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:573032. [PMID: 33042026 PMCID: PMC7525211 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.573032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is constantly increasing at a rate that outpaces genetic variation and approaches to pandemic magnitude. Skin cells physiology and the cutaneous healing response are progressively undermined in diabetes which predisposes to lower limb ulceration, recidivism, and subsequent lower extremities amputation as a frightened complication. The molecular operators whereby diabetes reduces tissues resilience and hampers the repair mechanisms remain elusive. We have accrued the notion that diabetic environment embraces preconditioning factors that definitively propel premature cellular senescence, and that ulcer cells senescence impair the healing response. Hyperglycemia/oxidative stress/mitochondrial and DNA damage may act as major drivers sculpturing the senescent phenotype. We review here historical and recent evidences that substantiate the hypothesis that diabetic foot ulcers healing trajectory, is definitively impinged by a self-expanding and self-perpetuative senescent cells society that drives wound chronicity. This society may be fostered by a diabetic archetypal secretome that induces replicative senescence in dermal fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes. Mesenchymal stem cells are also susceptible to major diabetic senescence drivers, which accounts for the inability of these cells to appropriately assist in diabetics wound healing. Thus, the use of autologous stem cells has not translated in significant clinical outcomes. Novel and multifaceted therapeutic approaches are required to pharmacologically mitigate the diabetic cellular senescence operators and reduce the secondary multi-organs complications. The senescent cells society and its adjunctive secretome could be an ideal local target to manipulate diabetic ulcers and prevent wound chronification and acute recidivism. This futuristic goal demands harnessing the diabetic wound chronicity epigenomic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Berlanga-Acosta
- The Clinical Hospital Chengdu Brain Sciences Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | - Gerardo E. Guillén-Nieto
- The Clinical Hospital Chengdu Brain Sciences Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | - Nadia Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | - Yssel Mendoza-Mari
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | - Maria Luisa Bringas-Vega
- The Clinical Hospital Chengdu Brain Sciences Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Cuban Neurosciences Center, Playa, Cuba
| | - Jorge O. Berlanga-Saez
- Applied Mathematics Department, Institute of Mathematics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diana García del Barco Herrera
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | - Indira Martinez-Jimenez
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | | | - Pedro A. Valdés-Sosa
- The Clinical Hospital Chengdu Brain Sciences Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Cuban Neurosciences Center, Playa, Cuba
- *Correspondence: Pedro A. Valdés-Sosa
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110
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Tewari D, Patni P, Bishayee A, Sah AN, Bishayee A. Natural products targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in cancer: A novel therapeutic strategy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 80:1-17. [PMID: 31866476 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) represent two vital intracellular signaling pathways, which are associated with various aspects of cellular functions. These functions play vital roles in quiescence, survival, and growth in normal physiological circumstances as well as in various pathological disorders, including cancer. These two pathways are so intimately connected to each other that in some instances these are considered as one unique pathway crucial for cell cycle regulation. The purpose of this review is to emphasize the role of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in different cancer conditions and the importance of natural products targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. This review also aims to draw the attention of scientists and researchers to the assorted beneficial effects of the numerous classes of natural products for the development of new and safe drugs for possible cancer therapy. We also summarize and critically analyze various preclinical and clinical studies on bioactive compounds and constituents, which are derived from natural products, to target the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway for cancer prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144 411, Punjab, India.
| | - Pooja Patni
- Sharda School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technical University, Gandhinagar 382 610, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Archana N Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263 136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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111
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Lee JH, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Shair OH, Sethi G, Ahn KS. Farnesol abrogates epithelial to mesenchymal transition process through regulating Akt/mTOR pathway. Pharmacol Res 2019; 150:104504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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112
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Anti-cancer effects of oxymatrine are mediated through multiple molecular mechanism(s) in tumor models. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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113
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Merarchi M, Jung YY, Fan L, Sethi G, Ahn KS. A Brief Overview of the Antitumoral Actions of Leelamine. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7030053. [PMID: 31330969 PMCID: PMC6783843 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
For the last couple of decades, natural products, either applied singly or in conjunction with other cancer therapies including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, have allowed us to combat different types of human cancers through the inhibition of their initiation and progression. The principal sources of these useful compounds are isolated from plants that were described in traditional medicines for their curative potential. Leelamine, derived from the bark of pine trees, was previously reported as having a weak agonistic effect on cannabinoid receptors and limited inhibitory effects on pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs). It has been reported to possess a strong lysosomotropic property; this feature enables its assembly inside the acidic compartments within a cell, such as lysosomes, which may eventually hinder endocytosis. In this review, we briefly highlight the varied antineoplastic actions of leelamine that have found implications in pharmacological research, and the numerous intracellular targets affected by this agent that can effectively negate the oncogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Merarchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Young Yun Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Lu Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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114
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Banik K, Ranaware AM, Deshpande V, Nalawade SP, Padmavathi G, Bordoloi D, Sailo BL, Shanmugam MK, Fan L, Arfuso F, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Honokiol for cancer therapeutics: A traditional medicine that can modulate multiple oncogenic targets. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:192-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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115
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Ko JH, Um JY, Lee SG, Yang WM, Sethi G, Ahn KS. Conditioned media from adipocytes promote proliferation, migration, and invasion in melanoma and colorectal cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18249-18261. [PMID: 30851074 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that obesity can significantly increase the risk of various cancers, although the mechanisms underlying this link are completely unknown. Here, we analyzed the effect of adipocytes on melanoma and colon cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion. The potential effects of conditioned media (CM) obtained from differentiated mouse 3T3-L1 cells and human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSC) on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of B16BL6 melanoma and colon 26-L5 cancer cells were investigated. The 3T3-L1 and hAMSC CM increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in both the cell lines. In addition, adipocytes CM increased matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and MMP-2 activity in both B16BL6 and colon 26-L5 cells. These effects were found to be associated with an increased expression of various oncogenic proteins in B16BL6 and colon 26-L5 cells. Also, adipocyte CM induced Akt and mTOR activation in both tumor cell lines, and the pharmacological inhibition of Akt and mTOR blocked the CM induced Akt as well as mTOR activation and CM-stimulated melanoma and colon cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. These data suggest that adipocyte promotes melanoma and colon cancer progression through modulating the expression of diverse proteins associated with cancer growth and metastasis as well as modulation of the Akt/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- Department of Korean Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Korean Medicine, Comorbidity Research Institute, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Korean Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Korean Medicine, Comorbidity Research Institute, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- Department of Korean Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Korean Medicine, Comorbidity Research Institute, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- Department of Korean Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Korean Medicine, Comorbidity Research Institute, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Korean Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Korean Medicine, Comorbidity Research Institute, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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116
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Casticin-Induced Inhibition of Cell Growth and Survival Are Mediated through the Dual Modulation of Akt/mTOR Signaling Cascade. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020254. [PMID: 30813295 PMCID: PMC6406334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Akt/mTOR signaling cascade is a critical pathway involved in various physiological and pathological conditions, including regulation of cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and angiogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the anti-neoplastic effects of casticin (CTC), identified from the plant Vitex rotundifolia L., alone and/or in combination with BEZ-235, a dual Akt/mTOR inhibitor in human tumor cells. We found that CTC exerted a significant dose-dependent cytotoxicity and reduced cell proliferation in a variety of human tumor cells. Also, CTC effectively blocked the phosphorylation levels of Akt (Ser473) and mTOR (Ser2448) proteins as well as induced substantial apoptosis. Additionally treatment with CTC and BEZ-235 in conjunction resulted in a greater apoptotic effect than caused by either agent alone thus implicating the anti-neoplastic effects of this novel combination. Overall, the findings suggest that CTC can interfere with Akt/mTOR signaling cascade involved in tumorigenesis and can be used together with pharmacological agents targeting Akt/mTOR pathway.
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117
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FBXW7 in Cancer: What Has Been Unraveled Thus Far? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020246. [PMID: 30791487 PMCID: PMC6406609 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
: The FBXW7 (F-box with 7 tandem WD40) protein encoded by the gene FBXW7 is one of the crucial components of ubiquitin ligase called Skp1-Cullin1-F-box (SCF) complex that aids in the degradation of many oncoproteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) thus regulating cellular growth. FBXW7 is considered as a potent tumor suppressor as most of its target substrates can function as potential growth promoters, including c-Myc, Notch, cyclin E, c-JUN, and KLF5. Its regulators include p53, C/EBP-δ, Numb, microRNAs, Pin 1, Hes-5, BMI1, Ebp2. Mounting evidence has indicated the involvement of aberrant expression of FBXW7 for tumorigenesis. Moreover, numerous studies have also shown its role in cancer cell chemosensitization, thereby demonstrating the importance of FBXW7 in the development of curative cancer therapy. This comprehensive review emphasizes on the targets, functions, regulators and expression of FBXW7 in different cancers and its involvement in sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs.
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118
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Waise TMZ, Rasti M, Duca FA, Zhang SY, Bauer PV, Rhodes CJ, Lam TKT. Inhibition of upper small intestinal mTOR lowers plasma glucose levels by inhibiting glucose production. Nat Commun 2019; 10:714. [PMID: 30755615 PMCID: PMC6372624 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is partly controlled by the energy sensor mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the muscle and liver. However, whether mTOR in the small intestine affects glucose homeostasis in vivo remains unknown. Here, we first report that delivery of rapamycin or an adenovirus encoding the dominant negative acting mTOR-mutated protein into the upper small intestine is sufficient to inhibit small intestinal mTOR signaling and lower glucose production in rodents with high fat diet-induced insulin resistance. Second, we found that molecular activation of small intestinal mTOR blunts the glucose-lowering effect of the oral anti-diabetic agent metformin, while inhibiting small intestinal mTOR alone lowers plasma glucose levels by inhibiting glucose production in rodents with diabetes as well. Thus, these findings illustrate that inhibiting upper small intestinal mTOR is sufficient and necessary to lower glucose production and enhance glucose homeostasis, and thereby unveil a previously unappreciated glucose-lowering effect of small intestinal mTOR. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (TOR) functions as an energy sensor and contributes to the control of glucose homeostasis. Here, the authors show that mTOR in the upper small intestine regulates hepatic glucose production and is required for the glucose lowering effect of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Zaved Waise
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mozhgan Rasti
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Frank A Duca
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.,School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Song-Yang Zhang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Paige V Bauer
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Tony K T Lam
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.
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119
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Ramos-Lopez O, Riezu-Boj JI, Milagro FI, Alfredo Martinez J. Association of Methylation Signatures at Hepatocellular Carcinoma Pathway Genes with Adiposity and Insulin Resistance Phenotypes. Nutr Cancer 2018; 71:840-851. [PMID: 30457363 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1531136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose I. Riezu-Boj
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermin I. Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies (IMDEA Food), Madrid, Spain
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120
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Molecular Targets Modulated by Fangchinoline in Tumor Cells and Preclinical Models. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102538. [PMID: 30301146 PMCID: PMC6222742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous progress made during the last few decades in the treatment options for cancer, compounds isolated from Mother Nature remain the mainstay for therapy of various malignancies. Fangchinoline, initially isolated from the dried root of Stephaniae tetrandrine, has been found to exhibit diverse pharmacological effects including significant anticancer activities both in tumor cell lines and selected preclinical models. This alkaloid appears to act by modulating the activation of various important oncogenic molecules involved in tumorigenesis leading to a significant decrease in aberrant proliferation, survival and metastasis of tumor cells. This mini-review briefly describes the potential effects of fangchinoline on important hallmarks of cancer and highlights the molecular targets modulated by this alkaloid in various tumor cell lines and preclinical models.
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121
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Ko JH, Lee SG, Yang WM, Um JY, Sethi G, Mishra S, Shanmugam MK, Ahn KS. The Application of Embelin for Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Molecules 2018. [PMID: 29522451 PMCID: PMC6017120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Embelin is a naturally-occurring benzoquinone compound that has been shown to possess many biological properties relevant to human cancer prevention and treatment, and increasing evidence indicates that embelin may modulate various characteristic hallmarks of tumor cells. This review summarizes the information related to the various oncogenic pathways that mediate embelin-induced cell death in multiple cancer cells. The mechanisms of the action of embelin are numerous, and most of them induce apoptotic cell death that may be intrinsic or extrinsic, and modulate the NF-κB, p53, PI3K/AKT, and STAT3 signaling pathways. Embelin also induces autophagy in cancer cells; however, these autophagic cell-death mechanisms of embelin have been less reported than the apoptotic ones. Recently, several autophagy-inducing agents have been used in the treatment of different human cancers, although they require further exploration before being transferred from the bench to the clinic. Therefore, embelin could be used as a potential agent for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Srishti Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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122
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Haeri A, Osouli M, Bayat F, Alavi S, Dadashzadeh S. Nanomedicine approaches for sirolimus delivery: a review of pharmaceutical properties and preclinical studies. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:1-14. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1408123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Haeri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahraz Osouli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bayat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sonia Alavi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Dadashzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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123
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Yao CA, Ortiz-Vega S, Sun YY, Chien CT, Chuang JH, Lin Y. Association of mSin1 with mTORC2 Ras and Akt reveals a crucial domain on mSin1 involved in Akt phosphorylation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:63392-63404. [PMID: 28968999 PMCID: PMC5609931 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
mSin1 is a unique component within the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 (mTORC2), which is responsible for cellular morphology and glucose metabolism. The association between mSin1 and other mTORC2 components, as well as their functions, has been explored previously; nevertheless, the mapping of the various binding domains of the components is lacking. Based on an evolutionary analysis of the gene, we constructed various fragments and truncated-forms of mSin1. We characterized the individual binding sites of mSin1 with its various partners, including mTOR, Rictor, Ras, and Akt. mTOR and Rictor bind to the amino acid (aa) 100-240 region of mSin1, which is different to the Ras binding site, the aa 260-460 region. A reciprocal examination found that mSin1 associated with the aa 2148-2300 region of mTOR, which is within the kinase domain, and with the carboxyl terminus of Rictor. Interestingly, Akt was found to associate with mSin1 in a region that slightly overlapped with the mTOR/Rictor complex binding site, namely aa 220-260. When only the Akt binding site was deleted from mSin1, phosphorylation of Akt S473 was greatly reduced. Furthermore, the association between Akt and mTOR can be regulated by serum, insulin and LY294002, but not by rapamycin or MAPK kinase inhibitors. Taken together, mSin1 would seem to act as a hub that allows mTORC2 to phosphorylate Akt S473. Our findings should facilitate future proteomic and crystallographic studies, help the development of dominant inhibitors and promote the identification of new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-An Yao
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sara Ortiz-Vega
- Diabetes Unit and Medical Services and The Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and The Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yun-Ya Sun
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chien
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hua Chuang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yenshou Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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124
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Antifatigue Effects of Antrodia cinnamomea Cultured Mycelium via Modulation of Oxidative Stress Signaling in a Mouse Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9374026. [PMID: 28424791 PMCID: PMC5382311 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9374026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea, a folk medicinal mushroom, has numerous biological effects. In this study, we aim to assess whether the antifatigue effects of A. cinnamomea mycelia (AC) and its underlying mechanisms are related to oxidative stress signaling using behavioral mouse models and biochemical indices detection. Mice were orally treated with AC at doses of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.9 g/kg for three weeks. AC had no effect on the spontaneous activities of mice indicating its safety on central nervous system. Furthermore, results obtained from weight-loaded forced swimming test, rotary rod test, and exhausted running test confirmed that AC significantly enhanced exercise tolerance of mice. Biochemical indices levels showed that these effects were closely correlated with inhibiting the depletion of glycogen and adenosine triphosphate stores, regulating oxidative stress-related parameters (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde) in serum, skeletal muscle, and liver of mice. Moreover, the effects of AC may be related with its regulation on the activations of AMP-activated protein kinase, protein kinase B, and mammalian target of rapamycin in liver and skeletal muscle of mice. Altogether, our data suggest that the antifatigue properties of AC may be one such modulation mechanism via oxidative stress-related signaling in mice.
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