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Ahlstrand T, Torittu A, Elovaara H, Välimaa H, Pöllänen MT, Kasvandik S, Högbom M, Ihalin R. Interactions between the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans secretin HofQ and host cytokines indicate a link between natural competence and interleukin-8 uptake. Virulence 2018; 9:1205-1223. [PMID: 30088437 PMCID: PMC6086316 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1499378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally competent bacteria acquire DNA from their surroundings to survive in nutrient-poor environments and incorporate DNA into their genomes as new genes for improved survival. The secretin HofQ from the oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been associated with DNA uptake. Cytokine sequestering is a potential virulence mechanism in various bacteria and may modulate both host defense and bacterial physiology. The objective of this study was to elucidate a possible connection between natural competence and cytokine uptake in A. actinomycetemcomitans. The extramembranous domain of HofQ (emHofQ) was shown to interact with various cytokines, of which IL-8 exhibited the strongest interaction. The dissociation constant between emHofQ and IL-8 was 43 nM in static settings and 2.4 μM in dynamic settings. The moderate binding affinity is consistent with the hypothesis that emHofQ recognizes cytokines before transporting them into the cells. The interaction site was identified via crosslinking and mutational analysis. By structural comparison, relateda type I KH domain with a similar interaction site was detected in the Neisseria meningitidis secretin PilQ, which has been shown to participate in IL-8 uptake. Deletion of hofQ from the A. actinomycetemcomitans genome decreased the overall biofilm formation of this organism, abolished the response to cytokines, i.e., decreased eDNA levels in the presence of cytokines, and increased the susceptibility of the biofilm to tested β-lactams. Moreover, we showed that recombinant IL-8 interacted with DNA. These results can be used in further studies on the specific role of cytokine uptake in bacterial virulence without interfering with natural-competence-related DNA uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli Ahlstrand
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Annamari Torittu
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Heli Elovaara
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Hannamari Välimaa
- b Department of Virology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,c Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Marja T Pöllänen
- d Institute of Dentistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Sergo Kasvandik
- e Institute of Technology , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Martin Högbom
- f Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Riikka Ihalin
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
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102
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Bao X, Zhao J, Sun J, Hu M, Yang X. Polydopamine Nanoparticles as Efficient Scavengers for Reactive Oxygen Species in Periodontal Disease. ACS NANO 2018; 12:8882-8892. [PMID: 30028940 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidative therapy has been considered an efficient strategy for the treatment of a series of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS)-triggered diseases, including oxidative-stress-induced periodontal disease. However, current natural enzymes and nanozymes often show their high specificity toward given ROS and have insufficient antioxidative effects against multiple ROS generated in the diseases process. Meanwhile, multienzyme-based antioxidant defense systems are usually confined by the complicated synthesis as well as potential unwanted residue and toxicity. Various supports are highly needed to immobilize natural enzymes and antioxidants during the biorelated usages due to their low operational stability and difficulty of reuse. To overcome these limitations, we develop a high-performance platform by using biodegradable polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) as smart ROS scavengers in oxidative stress-induced periodontal disease. Although PDA-based materials are well-known to eliminate ROS both in vitro and in vivo, their antioxidative performance in periodontal disease and relative mechanisms have yet to be well-explored. In this study, PDA NPs can act as ROS scavengers in dental specialties with ideal outcomes. Spectroscopic and in vitro experiments provide strong evidence for the roles of PDA NPs in scavenging multiple ROS and suppressing ROS-induced inflammation reactions. In addition to the above investigations, the results from a murine periodontitis model clearly demonstrate the feasibility of PDA NPs as robust antioxidants with which to remove ROS and decrease periodontal inflammation without any side effects. Taken together, the results from our present study will provide valuable insight into the development of safe and efficient antioxidant defense platforms for further biomedical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
- School of Stomatology , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130021 , China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
| | - Min Hu
- School of Stomatology , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130021 , China
| | - Xiurong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
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103
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Kasnak G, Könönen E, Syrjänen S, Gürsoy M, Zeidán-Chuliá F, Firatli E, Gürsoy UK. NFE2L2/NRF2, OGG1, and cytokine responses of human gingival keratinocytes against oxidative insults of various origin. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 452:63-70. [PMID: 30030777 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bacterial or tobacco-related insults induce oxidative stress in gingival keratinocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate anti-oxidative and cytokine responses of human gingival keratinocytes (HMK cells) against Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg LPS), nicotine, and 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (4-NQO). MATERIALS AND METHODS HMK cells were incubated with Pg LPS (1 µl/ml), nicotine (1.54 mM), and 4-NQO (1 µM) for 24 h. Intracellular and extracellular levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured with the Luminex® xMAP™ technique, and nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (NFE2L2/NRF2) and 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) with Western blots. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS All tested oxidative stress inducers increased intracellular OGG1 levels, whereas only nicotine and 4-NQO induced NFE2L2/NRF2 levels. Nicotine, 4-NQO, and their combinational applications with Pg LPS induced the secretions of IL-1β and IL-1Ra, while that of IL-8 was inhibited by the presence of Pg LPS. MCP-1 secretion was suppressed by nicotine, alone and together with Pg LPS, while 4-NQO activated its secretion. Treatment of HMK cells with Pg LPS, nicotine, 4-NQO, or their combinations did not affect VEGF levels. CONCLUSION Pg LPS, nicotine, and 4-NQO induce oxidative stress and regulate anti-oxidative response and cytokine expressions in human gingival keratinocytes differently. These results may indicate that bacterial and tobacco-related insults regulate distinct pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Kasnak
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Eija Könönen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland.,Welfare Division, Oral Health, City of Turku, Finland
| | - Stina Syrjänen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Fares Zeidán-Chuliá
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland.,Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erhan Firatli
- Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ulvi K Gürsoy
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland
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104
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Bansal N, Gupta ND, Bey A, Sharma VK, Gupta N, Trivedi H. Impact of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on total antioxidant capacity in chronic periodontitis patients. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2018; 21:291-295. [PMID: 29456303 PMCID: PMC5813343 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_281_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the utility of plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as marker of periodontal disease by estimating TAC of periodontally healthy and chronic periodontitis patients and the impact of scaling and root planning on total antioxidant status of periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: Blood plasma samples were collected from randomly selected eighty individuals (40 periodontally healthy controls and 40 chronic periodontitis patients), with an age range of 20–45 years and were analyzed for TAC by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Scaling and root planing was performed in periodontitis patients, and TAC level was measured again after 3 weeks. Data were analyzed with t-test, using SPSS software (PSAW, Windows version 18.0). Results: The mean plasma TAC was significantly lower (792.33 ± 124.33 μmol/L, P < 0.001) in chronic periodontitis patients compared to healthy control (1076.08 ± 193.82 μmol/L). Plasma TAC level increased significantly (989.75 ± 96.80, P < 0.001) after scaling and root planing. Conclusions: An inverse relationship exists between plasma TAC and severity of chronic periodontitis suggesting disturbed oxidant-antioxidant balance in chronic periodontitis. Scaling and root planing resulted in the restoration of TAC to normal levels. These results are important from the perspective of including antioxidants in periodontal therapy regime to boost up body's antioxidant defense system and to reduce oxidative stress-mediated periodontal tissue damage. We concluded that TAC can be used as a biomarker to evaluate the health of periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Bansal
- Department of Periodontology, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Narender Dev Gupta
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Dr Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Afshan Bey
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Dr Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Sharma
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Dr Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Namita Gupta
- Department of Periodontics, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Himanshu Trivedi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Dr Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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105
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Abstract
Transmission of flaviviruses by hematophagous insects such as mosquitoes requires acquisition of the virus during blood feeding on the host, with midgut as the primary infection site. Here, we report that N-glycosylation of the E protein, which is conserved among most flaviviruses, is critical for the Zika virus (ZIKV) to invade the vector midgut by inhibiting the reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway of the mosquito immune system. Our data further show that removal of the ZIKV E glycosylation site prevents mosquito infection by flaviviruses via the oral route, whereas there is no effect on infection by intrathoracic microinjection, which bypasses the midgut. Interestingly, the defect in infection of the mosquito midgut by the mutant virus through blood feeding is rescued by reduction of the ROS level by application of vitamin C, a well-known antioxidant. Therefore, our data demonstrate that ZIKV utilizes the glycosylation on the envelope to antagonize the vector immune defense during infection.IMPORTANCE Most flaviviruses, including Zika virus (ZIKV), are transmitted between hosts by arthropod vectors, such as mosquitoes, which acquire the virus during a blood meal. Here, by mutagenesis, we found a major role of the N-glycosylation of flavivirus E protein in its transmission circle, facilitating its survival against the vector immune system during invasion of the mosquito midgut while blood feeding on the host. In spite of the extensive studies of the involvement of N-glycan modification of flavivirus E protein in virus-host interactions, we discovered its critical role in virus-vector interaction and the evolution of flavivirus. Given the deleterious effects of ZIKV on human health, this study might have a significant impact on development of novel transmission-blocking strategies.
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106
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Kumar J, Teoh SL, Das S, Mahakknaukrauh P. Oxidative Stress in Oral Diseases: Understanding Its Relation with Other Systemic Diseases. Front Physiol 2017; 8:693. [PMID: 28959211 PMCID: PMC5603668 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs in diabetes, various cancers, liver diseases, stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic inflammation, and other degenerative diseases related to the nervous system. The free radicals have deleterious effect on various organs of the body. This is due to lipid peroxidation and irreversible protein modification that leads to cellular apoptosis or programmed cell death. During recent years, there is a rise in the oral diseases related to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress in oral disease is related to other systemic diseases in the body such as periodontitis, cardiovascular, pancreatic, gastric, and liver diseases. In the present review, we discuss the various pathways that mediate oxidative cellular damage. Numerous pathways mediate oxidative cellular damage and these include caspase pathway, PERK/NRF2 pathway, NADPH oxidase 4 pathways and JNK/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. We also discuss the role of inflammatory markers, lipid peroxidation, and role of oxygen species linked to oxidative stress. Knowledge of different pathways, role of inflammatory markers, and importance of low-density lipoprotein, fibrinogen, creatinine, nitric oxide, nitrates, and highly sensitive C-reactive proteins may be helpful in understanding the pathogenesis and plan better treatment for oral diseases which involve oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical CentreKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical CentreKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical CentreKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pasuk Mahakknaukrauh
- Forensic Osteology Research, Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai, Thailand
- Excellence in Osteology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai, Thailand
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107
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Carpentieri AR, Peralta Lopez ME, Aguilar J, Solá VM. Melatonin and periodontal tissues: Molecular and clinical perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2017; 125:224-231. [PMID: 28918172 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a frequent chronic inflammatory pathology that implies the destruction of the tissues supporting the teeth, which represents a high sanitary cost. It usually appears associated with other systemic conditions such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, depression and Alzheimer disease among others. The presence of melatonin and its receptors in the oral cavity supports the hypothesis that this hormone could play a role in homeostasis of periodontal tissues. In the present review we will discuss the potential role of melatonin, a circadian synchronizing hormone, with proved antiinflammatory and antioxidant profile, in the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontitis. Particular emphasis will be placed on the role of the indolamine in the treatment of periodontal disease when this oral condition is comorbid with other pathologies that would also benefit from the therapeutic potential of melatonin and its analogs through diverse mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Rita Carpentieri
- Cátedra "B" de Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; INICSA/UNC-CONICET, Enrique Barros esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - María Elena Peralta Lopez
- Cátedra "B" de Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Cátedra de Clínica Médica II, Hospital San Roque, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas,UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier Aguilar
- Instituto Dr. José M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina; Cátedra "B" de Introducción a la Física y Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica Mariana Solá
- Cátedra "B" de Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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