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Liao H, Liang Y, Kang L, Xiao Y, Yu T, Wan R. miR‑454‑3p inhibits non‑small cell lung cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting TGFB2. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:67. [PMID: 33760169 PMCID: PMC8020204 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating studies have suggested that microRNAs (miRs) play a significant role in lung cancer development and progression, especially in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The present study aimed to investigate the associations between miR-454-3p and NSCLC progression. qPCR assay was applied to examine the expression of miR-454-3p and transforming growth factor-β2 (TGFB2) in tissues and cell lines. CCK-8 and EdU assays were used to detect cell proliferation. Wound-healing and Transwell assays were conducted to assess cell migration and invasion. Western blotting assay was performed to explore the protein levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. The interaction between miR-454-3p and TGFB2 was investigated with a luciferase reporter assay. miR-454-3p was downregulated in NSCLC tissues and NSCLC cell lines. miR-454-3p overexpression led to the suppression of proliferation, migration, and invasion in A549 and NCI-H1650 cells. In addition, the overexpression of miR-454-3p in A549 and NCI-H1650 cells significantly inhibited EMT. TGFB2 was revealed to be a direct target of miR-454-3p by using TargetScan database and luciferase reporter assay. TGFB2 was observed to be upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the inhibitory effects of miR-454-3p on NSCLC were reversed upon overexpression of TGFB2. These findings provided strong evidence that miR-454-3p suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting TGFB2. The study suggests that targeting miR-454-3p could be a promising strategy for treating NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Liao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Yuebei People's Hospital of Shaoguan, Shaoguan, Guangdong 512025, P.R. China
| | - Yaqin Liang
- Department of Nursing, Medical College of Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong 512026, P.R. China
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Care Service Centre of Qujiang District, Shaoguan, Guangdong 512100, P.R. China
| | - Yun Xiao
- Department of Respiration Medicine, The Yuebei People's Hospital of Shaoguan, Shaoguan, Guangdong 512025, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yu
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214104, P.R. China
| | - Renping Wan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Yuebei People's Hospital of Shaoguan, Shaoguan, Guangdong 512025, P.R. China
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Hossian AKMN, Zahra FT, Poudel S, Abshire CF, Polk P, Garai J, Zabaleta J, Mikelis CM, Mattheolabakis G. Advanced bioinformatic analysis and pathway prediction of NSCLC cells upon cisplatin resistance. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6520. [PMID: 33753779 PMCID: PMC7985311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify pathway involvement in the development of cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II); CDDP) resistance in A549 lung cancer (LC) cells by utilizing advanced bioinformatics software. We developed CDDP-resistant A549 (A549/DDP) cells through prolonged incubation with the drug and performed RNA-seq on RNA extracts to determine differential mRNA and miRNA expression between A549/DDP and A549 cells. We analyzed the gene dysregulation with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA; QIAGEN) software. In contrast to prior research, which relied on the clustering of dysregulated genes to pathways as an indication of pathway activity, we utilized the IPA software for the dynamic evaluation of pathway activity depending on the gene dysregulation levels. We predicted 15 pathways significantly contributing to the chemoresistance, with several of them to have not been previously reported or analyzed in detail. Among them, the PKR signaling, cholesterol biosynthesis, and TEC signaling pathways are included, as well as genes, such as PIK3R3, miR-34c-5p, and MDM2, among others. We also provide a preliminary analysis of SNPs and indels, present exclusively in A549/DDP cells. This study's results provide novel potential mechanisms and molecular targets that can be explored in future studies and assist in improving the understanding of the chemoresistance phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Nawshad Hossian
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Fatema Tuz Zahra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Sagun Poudel
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Camille F Abshire
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Paula Polk
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Jone Garai
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Pediatrics and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Constantinos M Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - George Mattheolabakis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA.
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Tumor Suppressor miR-584-5p Inhibits Migration and Invasion in Smoking Related Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Targeting YKT6. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051159. [PMID: 33800298 PMCID: PMC7962648 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cigarette smoke is a major carcinogen that causes lung cancer and induces DNA methylation. DNA methylation regulates the expression of microRNA (miRNAs), which are important regulators of cancer biology. However, the association between smoking and miRNAs has not been fully elucidated in smoking-related lung carcinogenesis. In this study, we found that miR-584-5p expression was downregulated with cancer progression using a lung carcinogenesis model cell line. Moreover, we demonstrated that miR-584-5p is downregulated by the methylation of its promoter region and that it suppresses migration and invasion by targeting YKT6 in smoking-related non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Our results provide a better understanding of the underlying changes in miRNA expression in smoking-related lung carcinogenesis and suggest that miR-584-5p is a potential molecular biomarker for smoking-related NSCLC. Abstract Cigarette smoke (CS) affects the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are important regulators of gene expression by inducing DNA methylation. However, the effects of smoking on miRNA expression have not been fully elucidated in smoking-related lung carcinogenesis. Therefore, in this study, to investigate the change of miRNA expression pattern and to identify tumor suppressor miRNAs by smoking in lung carcinogenesis, we used lung carcinogenesis model cell lines that, derived from a murine xenograft model with human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), exposed CS or not. The microarray analysis revealed that miR-584-5p expression was downregulated with cancer progression in lung carcinogenesis model cell lines. We confirmed by pyrosequencing that the methylation level of the miR-584-5p promoter increased with cancer progression. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that miR-584-5p suppressed migration and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by targeting YKT6. Furthermore, we showed that high level of YKT6 was associated with a poor survival rate in NSCLC patients with a history of smoking. These results suggest that miR-584-5p acts as a tumor suppressor and is a potential molecular biomarker for smoking-related NSCLC.
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Sheikhpour M, Abolfathi H, Karimipoor M, Movafagh A, Shahsavani M. The Common miRNAs between Tuberculosis and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Critical Review. TANAFFOS 2021; 20:197-208. [PMID: 35382078 PMCID: PMC8978040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are two major contributors to mortality and morbidity worldwide. In this regard, TB and NSCLC have similar symptoms, and TB has symptoms that are identical to malignancy; therefore, sometimes it is mistakenly diagnosed as lung cancer. Moreover, patients with active pulmonary TB are at a higher risk of dying due to lung cancer. In addition, several signaling pathways involved in TB and NSCLC have been identified. Also, the miRNAs are biological molecules shown to play essential roles in the above-mentioned diseases through targeting the signaling pathways' genes. Most of the pathways affected by miRNAs are immune responses such as autophagy and apoptosis in TB and NSCLC, respectively. Several studies have separately investigated the expression of miRNAs profile in patients with NSCLC and infectious TB. In this critical review, we attempted to gather common miRNAs between TB and NSCLC and to explain the involved-pathways, which are affected by miRNAs in both TB and NSCLC. Results of this critical review show that the expressions of miR-155, miR-146a, miR-125b, miR-30a, miR-29a, and miR-Let7 have significantly changed in TB and NSCLC. The data suggest that miRNAs expression may provide a new method for screening or differential diagnosis of NSCLC and TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Sheikhpour
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanie Abolfathi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Karimipoor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Movafagh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cancer Research Center, Shohada Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahbubeh Shahsavani
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
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Abolfathi H, Sheikhpour M, Mohammad Soltani B, Fahimi H. The comparison and evaluation of the miR-16, miR-155 and miR-146a expression pattern in the blood of TB and NSCLC patients: A Research paper. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Shi J, Yang F, Zhou N, Jiang Y, Zhao Y, Zhu J, Prelaj A, Malhotra J, Normanno N, Danese E, Cardona AF, Hong X, Jiang G, Song X. Isochorismatase domain-containing protein 1 (ISOC1) participates in DNA damage repair and inflammation-related pathways to promote lung cancer development. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:1444-1456. [PMID: 33889521 PMCID: PMC8044495 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advent of novel molecular targets has dramatically changed the treatment landscape of lung cancer in recent years. Isochorismatase domain-containing protein 1 (ISOC1) has been reported as a potential biomarker in gastrointestinal cancer, while its function in lung cancer has not been determined. METHODS The expression levels and prognostic significance of ISOC1 were assessed using bioinformatic analysis. Overexpression of ISOC1 and miR-4633, and knockdown of ISOC1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines were generated by lentiviral infection with overexpressed or shRNA plasmids. CRISPR/Cas9 system was applied to knockout ISOC1 in A549 cells. The functions of ISOC1 and miR-4633 in lung cancer development were investigated using cell proliferation, migration, and invasion assays. Xenograft tumor growth assays in nude mice were further assessed the effect of ISOC1 in the tumorigenesis of NSCLC in vivo. Cell cycle distribution analysis was performed to uncover the underlying mechanism of ISOC1 and miR-4633 in promoting NSCLC cell proliferation. Co-immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing were performed to uncover the potential mechanism of ISOC1 in lung cancer development. RESULTS Our results found that ISOC1 expression was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and that increased expression of ISOC1 was significantly associated with worse disease-free survival in NSCLC patients. Overexpression of ISOC1 could increase the proliferation, viability, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, miR-4633, located in the first intron of ISOC1, could also promote tumor cell progression and metastasis. Mice xenograft tumor assay showed that knockout of ISOC1 could significantly inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Besides, co-immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry assay revealed that ISOC1 interacted with the proteins of DNA damage repair pathways and that upregulated ISOC1 expression could significantly increase the number of DNA damage lesions. RNA sequencing analysis showed that the downstream signaling pathways mediated by ISOC1 were mainly inflammation-related. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that ISOC1 and its intronic miR-4633, both of them could promote NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle progression. ISOC1 participates in DNA damage repair and inflammation to promote lung cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fujun Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nanfeng Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Arsela Prelaj
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy;,Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Polytechnic University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Jyoti Malhotra
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS—“Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Danese
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrés F. Cardona
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC/Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Clínica del Country/Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Xuan Hong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gening Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wang XJ, Gao J, Wang Z, Yu Q. Identification of a Potentially Functional microRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Lung Adenocarcinoma Using a Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641840. [PMID: 33681226 PMCID: PMC7930498 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a common lung cancer with a high mortality, for which microRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in its regulation. Multiple messenger RNAs (mRNAs) may be regulated by miRNAs, involved in LUAD tumorigenesis and progression. However, the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network involved in LUAD has not been fully elucidated. METHODS Differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNA were derived from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset in tissue samples and from our microarray data in plasma (GSE151963). Then, common differentially expressed (Co-DE) miRNAs were obtained through intersected analyses between the above two datasets. An overlap was applied to confirm the Co-DEmRNAs identified both in targeted mRNAs and DEmRNAs in TCGA. A miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed using Cytoscape. The top five miRNA were identified as hub miRNA by degrees in the network. The functions and signaling pathways associated with the hub miRNA-targeted genes were revealed through Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. The key mRNAs in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were identified using the STRING database and CytoHubba. Survival analyses were performed using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). RESULTS The miRNA-mRNA regulatory network consists of 19 Co-DEmiRNAs and 760 Co-DEmRNAs. The five miRNAs (miR-539-5p, miR-656-3p, miR-2110, let-7b-5p, and miR-92b-3p) in the network were identified as hub miRNAs by degrees (>100). The 677 Co-DEmRNAs were targeted mRNAs from the five hub miRNAs, showing the roles in the functional analyses of the GO analysis and KEGG pathways (inclusion criteria: 836 and 48, respectively). The PPI network and Cytoscape analyses revealed that the top ten key mRNAs were NOTCH1, MMP2, IGF1, KDR, SPP1, FLT1, HGF, TEK, ANGPT1, and PDGFB. SPP1 and HGF emerged as hub genes through survival analysis. A high SPP1 expression indicated a poor survival, whereas HGF positively associated with survival outcomes in LUAD. CONCLUSION This study investigated a miRNA-mRNA regulatory network associated with LUAD, exploring the hub miRNAs and potential functions of mRNA in the network. These findings contribute to identify new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for LUAD patients in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zhuo Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Pathology Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qin Yu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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He X, Xue N, Liu X, Tang X, Peng S, Qu Y, Jiang L, Xu Q, Liu W, Chen S. A novel clinical model for predicting malignancy of solitary pulmonary nodules: a multicenter study in chinese population. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:115. [PMID: 33596917 PMCID: PMC7890629 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to establish and validate a novel clinical model to differentiate between benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs). Methods
Records from 295 patients with SPNs in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were retrospectively reviewed. The novel prediction model was established using LASSO logistic regression analysis by integrating clinical features, radiologic characteristics and laboratory test data, the calibration of model was analyzed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (HL test). Subsequently, the model was compared with PKUPH, Shanghai and Mayo models using receiver-operating characteristics curve (ROC), decision curve analysis (DCA), net reclassification improvement index (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement index (IDI) with the same data. Other 101 SPNs patients in Henan Tumor Hospital were used for external validation cohort. Results A total of 11 variables were screened out and then aggregated to generate new prediction model. The model showed good calibration with the HL test (P = 0.964). The AUC for our model was 0.768, which was higher than other three reported models. DCA also showed our model was superior to the other three reported models. In our model, sensitivity = 78.84%, specificity = 61.32%. Compared with the PKUPH, Shanghai and Mayo models, the NRI of our model increased by 0.177, 0.127, and 0.396 respectively, and the IDI changed − 0.019, -0.076, and 0.112, respectively. Furthermore, the model was significant positive correlation with PKUPH, Shanghai and Mayo models. Conclusions The novel model in our study had a high clinical value in diagnose of MSPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Tumor Markers, Henan, 450008, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Songguo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanye Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Tumor Markers, Henan, 450008, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Jiang
- Department of Radiology , Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Henan, 450008, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxia Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Tumor Markers, Henan, 450008, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Research Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangdong, 510080, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Bu L, Tian Y, Wen H, Jia W, Yang S. miR-195-5p exerts tumor-suppressive functions in human lung cancer cells through targeting TrxR2. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:189-200. [PMID: 33332541 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-195-5p has been widely explored in various cancers and is considered as a tumor-suppressive microRNA. However, its roles in human lung cancer pathogenesis are not fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to explore how miR-195-5p is involved in malignant behaviors of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells. miR-195-5p expression was examined in the tumor tissues of patients with LUAD and human LUAD cell lines including A549 and PC-9. Thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2) was predicted to be an mRNA target of miR-195-5p using online tools and validated by the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay. Lentivirus infection was used for gene overexpression, while gene knockdown was achieved by RNA interference. Cell proliferation was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine methods, and cell migration and invasion were assayed with transwell experiments. Cell apoptosis was determined by annexin V staining-based flow cytometry. The antitumor effects of miR-195-5p were also evaluated in nude mice xenografted with A549 cells. We found that miR-195-5p was lowly expressed in human LUAD cells, and its overexpression markedly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and increased the apoptosis of LUAD cells in vitro. TrxR2 knockdown phenocopied the tumor-suppressive effects of miR-195-5p overexpression, while simultaneous TrxR2 overexpression remarkably reversed the effects of miR-195-5p overexpression on malignant behaviors of A549 and PC-9 cells. Additionally, miR-195-5p overexpression inhibited the growth of xenografted A549 tumor in nude mice. Our work verified that miR-195-5p exerts tumor-suppressive functions in LUAD cells through targeting TrxR2 and suggested that the miR-195-5p/TrxR2 axis is a potential biomarker for LUAD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Bu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an No.3 Hospital, Xi’an 710018, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Yingxuan Tian
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, China
| | - Hongqing Wen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an No.3 Hospital, Xi’an 710018, China
| | - Weihong Jia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an No.3 Hospital, Xi’an 710018, China
| | - Shuanying Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
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Role of microRNAs in Lung Carcinogenesis Induced by Asbestos. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020097. [PMID: 33546236 PMCID: PMC7913345 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding endogenous RNAs 19–25 nucleotides long, which play an important role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by targeting mRNA targets with subsequent repression of translation. MicroRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including cancer. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world. Lung cancer is usually associated with tobacco smoking. However, about 25% of lung cancer cases occur in people who have never smoked. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, asbestos has been classified as one of the cancerogenic factors for lung cancer. The mechanism of malignant transformation under the influence of asbestos is associated with the genotoxic effect of reactive oxygen species, which initiate the processes of DNA damage in the cell. However, epigenetic mechanisms such as changes in the microRNA expression profile may also be implicated in the pathogenesis of asbestos-induced lung cancer. Numerous studies have shown that microRNAs can serve as a biomarker of the effects of various adverse environmental factors on the human body. This review examines the role of microRNAs, the expression profile of which changes upon exposure to asbestos, in key processes of carcinogenesis, such as proliferation, cell survival, metastasis, neo-angiogenesis, and immune response avoidance.
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111
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Zhou J, Cui X, Xiao F, Cai G. A Cluster-Based Approach for Identifying Prognostic microRNA Signatures in Digestive System Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1529. [PMID: 33546390 PMCID: PMC7913556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the second leading cause of death all over the world. Aberrant expression of miRNA has shown diagnostic and prognostic value in many kinds of cancer. This study aims to provide a novel strategy to identify reliable miRNA signatures and develop improved cancer prognostic models from reported cancer-associated miRNAs. We proposed a new cluster-based approach to identify distinct cluster(s) of cancers and corresponding miRNAs. Further, with samples from TCGA and other independent studies, we identified prognostic markers and validated their prognostic value in prediction models. We also performed KEGG pathway analysis to investigate the functions of miRNAs associated with the cancer cluster of interest. A distinct cluster with 28 cancers and 146 associated miRNAs was identified. This cluster was enriched by digestive system cancers. Further, we screened out 8 prognostic miRNA signatures for STAD, 5 for READ, 18 for PAAD, 24 for LIHC, 12 for ESCA and 18 for COAD. These identified miRNA signatures demonstrated strong abilities in discriminating the overall survival time between high-risk group and low-risk group (p-value < 0.05) in both TCGA training and test datasets, as well as four independent Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) validation datasets. We also demonstrated that these cluster-based miRNA signatures are superior to signatures identified in single cancers for prognosis. Our study identified significant miRNA signatures with improved prognosis accuracy in digestive system cancers. It also provides a novel method/strategy for cancer prognostic marker selection and offers valuable methodological directions to similar research topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (J.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiang Cui
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (J.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Feifei Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Guoshuai Cai
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (J.Z.); (X.C.)
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Noguchi S, Inoue M, Ichikawa T, Kurozumi K, Matsumoto Y, Nakamoto Y, Akiyoshi H, Kamishina H. The NRG3/ERBB4 signaling cascade as a novel therapeutic target for canine glioma. Exp Cell Res 2021; 400:112504. [PMID: 33508276 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Canine glioma is a common brain tumor with poor prognosis despite surgery and/or radiation therapy. Therefore, newer and more effective treatment modalities are needed. Neuregulin 3 (NRG3) has known to be a ligand of ERBB4. This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of the NRG3/ERBB4 signaling cascade as a novel therapeutic target in canine glioma. We found out that microRNA (miR)-190a was downregulated in canine brain tumor tissues, including glioma and meningioma. miR-190a directly targeted NRG3 and inhibited the growth of canine glioma cells. The level of p-Akt, which is a downstream target of ERBB4 signaling, was decreased by transfection with miR-190a. NRG3 silencing also suppressed cell growth and decreased the levels of p-Akt and p-ERK1/2, and NRG3 overexpression exhibited opposed effects in canine glioma J3T-1 cells. The mRNA level of erbb4 was significantly upregulated in glioma tissues compared with that in normal brain tissues and meningioma tissues. Furthermore, compared with gefitinib and lapatinib, afatinib exerted a greater inhibitory effect on the growth of canine glioma cells. In conclusion, NRG3/ERBB4 signaling is negatively regulated by miR-190a and contributes to the growth of canine glioma cells, indicating that it may be a promising therapeutic target in canine glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Noguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan.
| | - Marina Inoue
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Tomotsugu Ichikawa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-2-1 Asahi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 760-8557, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kurozumi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsumoto
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuya Nakamoto
- Neuro Vets, 550-4 Bishamon-cho, Miyukimachi-Takeyamachi, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-0981, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Hideo Akiyoshi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kamishina
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Radiology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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Wu Y, Li Q, Zhang R, Dai X, Chen W, Xing D. Circulating microRNAs: Biomarkers of disease. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 516:46-54. [PMID: 33485903 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of endogenous noncoding single-stranded RNA molecules with approximately 20-24 nucleotides and are associated with a broad range of biological processes. Researchers found that microRNAs are abundant in tissues, and more importantly, there are also trace circulating microRNAs that exist in biological fluids. In recent years, circulating microRNAs had emerged as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for the noninvasive detection of diseases with high specificity and sensitivity. More importantly, specific microRNA expression signatures reflect not only the existence of early-stage diseases but also the dynamic development of advanced-stage diseases, disease prognosis prediction, and drug resistance. To date, an increasing number of potential miRNA biomarkers have been reported, but their practical application prospects are still unclear. Therefore, microRNAs, as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in a variety of diseases, need to be updated, as they are of great importance in the diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of therapeutic responses. In this review, we summary our current understanding of microRNAs as potential biomarkers in the major diseases (e.g., cancers and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases), which provide the basis for the design of diagnosis and treatment plan and the improvement of the cure rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Wu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qian Li
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Renshuai Zhang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoli Dai
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wujun Chen
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Plausible Role of Estrogens in Pathogenesis, Progression and Therapy of Lung Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020648. [PMID: 33466597 PMCID: PMC7828659 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant neoplasms are among the most common diseases and are responsible for the majority of deaths in the developed world. In contrast to men, available data show a clear upward trend in the incidence of lung cancer in women, making it almost as prevalent as breast cancer. Women might be more susceptible to the carcinogenic effect of tobacco smoke than men. Furthermore, available data indicate a much more frequent mutation of the tumor suppressor gene-p53 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) female patients compared to males. Another important factor, however, might lie in the female sex hormones, whose mitogenic or carcinogenic effect is well known. Epidemiologic data show a correlation between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or oral contraceptives (OCs), and increased mortality rates due to the increased incidence of malignant tumors, including lung cancer. Interestingly, two types of estrogen receptors have been detected in lung cancer cells: ERα and ERβ. The presence of ERα has been detected in tissues and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines. In contrast, overexpression of ERβ is a prognostic marker in NSCLC. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of estrogens in the etiopathogenesis of lung cancer, as well as biological, hormonal and genetic sex-related differences in this neoplasm.
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Pirlog R, Cismaru A, Nutu A, Berindan-Neagoe I. Field Cancerization in NSCLC: A New Perspective on MicroRNAs in Macrophage Polarization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020746. [PMID: 33451052 PMCID: PMC7828565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is currently the first cause of cancer-related death. The major lung cancer subtype is non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), which accounts for approximatively 85% of cases. The major carcinogenic associated with lung cancer is tobacco smoke, which produces long-lasting and progressive damage to the respiratory tract. The progressive and diffuse alterations that occur in the respiratory tract of patients with cancer and premalignant lesions have been described as field cancerization. At the level of tumor cells, adjacent tumor microenvironment (TME) and cancerized field are taking place dynamic interactions through direct cell-to-cell communication or through extracellular vesicles. These molecular messages exchanged between tumor and nontumor cells are represented by proteins, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). In this paper, we analyze the miRNA roles in the macrophage polarization at the level of TME and cancerized field in NSCLC. Identifying molecular players that can influence the phenotypic states at the level of malignant cells, tumor microenvironment and cancerized field can provide us new insights into tumor regulatory mechanisms that can be further modulated to restore the immunogenic capacity of the TME. This approach could revert alterations in the cancerized field and could enhance currently available therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Pirlog
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, The “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.P.); (A.C.); (A.N.)
- Department of Morphological Sciences, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Cismaru
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, The “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.P.); (A.C.); (A.N.)
- Department of Functional Sciences, Immunology and Allergology, The “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Nutu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, The “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.P.); (A.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, The “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.P.); (A.C.); (A.N.)
- The Functional Genomics Department, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-743-111-800
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Circulating miR-148a-5p and miR-21-5p as Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers in Adult Egyptian Male Patients With Metabolic Syndrome. Can J Diabetes 2021; 45:614-618. [PMID: 33582040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of abnormalities related to metabolism that increase the risk of cardiac diseases, type 2 diabetes and mortality. MicroRNAs (miRs) act as regulators of many cellular and metabolic events, and any dysregulation of these tiny molecules can cause great disturbance in one's health. The main purpose of this study was to ascertain the diagnostic potential of miR-148a-5p and miR-21-5p in MetS. METHODS Serum levels of miR-148a-5p and miR-21-5p were quantified in 118 MetS male patients and 30 healthy controls by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Fasting plasma glucose, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and serum triacylglycerol were measured by the colorimetric method. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were performed on each individual. All MetS patients had diabetes and had a large waist circumference, and were divided into 3 groups: group 1, dyslipidemic and hypertensive; group 2, normotensive; and group 3, normal lipid profile. RESULTS miR-148a-5p expression was significantly upregulated in all MetS patients: group 1, 70.3±8.07 (p<0.0001); group 2, 75.0±9.17 (p<0.0001) and group 3, 33.7±6.89 (p<0.0001), when compared with control subjects. However, miR-21-5p expression was elevated only in the sera of group 1 (36.9±8.39, p<0.0001) and group 3 (48.9±12.0, p<0.0001), when compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Serum levels of miR-148a-5p and miR-21-5p were higher in MetS patients than in healthy controls; consequently, these serum miRs can serve as novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of MetS.
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Mousapasandi A, Loke WSJ, Herbert CA, Thomas PS. Oxidative stress in lung cancer. Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819547-5.00003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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118
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miRNA-451a and miRNA-125a Expression Levels in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Impact on Disease Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Outcomes. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:2180913. [PMID: 33426087 PMCID: PMC7781682 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2180913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is yet not elucidated, with a potential diagnostic glance of microRNAs (miRNAs). Aim Study the expression profile of miRNA-451a and miRNA-125a in AS patients and their impact on disease activity and prognosis. Methods A cross-sectional study included 55 AS patients diagnosed according to modified New York criteria in 1984 with 55 matched healthy controls. History, clinical examination, and disease activity assessment with Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI) were done. Full laboratory and radiological assessment along with expression profile of m iRNA-451a and miRNA-125a were tabulated and analyzed. Results Higher expression levels of miRNA-125a and lower of miRNA-451a in AS patients compared to controls. Furthermore, miRNA-125a expression was high in active AS patients compared to inactive patients and controls (7.0 ± 3.4 vs. 4.1 ± 2.1 vs. 2.6 ± 0.6, p < 0.001, respectively). miRNA-451a was significantly lower in active AS patients compared to inactive patients and controls (2.2 ± 1.1 vs. 4.1 ± 2.3 vs. 7.1 ± 4.5, respectively). Both miRNAs (miRNA-125a and miRNA-451a) had evident accuracy for AS diagnosis with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.788 and 0.802, respectively. miRNA-125a had potential impact on AS activity with AUC of 0.777. Plasma levels of both miRNAs were able to distinguish AS patients with structural damage with AUCs 0.775 and 0.692, respectively. Conclusions Both miRNA-451a and miRNA-125a were found to be of great value as sensitive noninvasive diagnostic, prognostic, and disease burden biomarker of AS patients in Egypt with suggested further studies for future therapeutic implications.
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Adil MS, Khulood D, Somanath PR. Targeting Akt-associated microRNAs for cancer therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 189:114384. [PMID: 33347867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells because of activating protooncogenes and/or inactivating tumor suppressor genes are the hallmarks of cancer. The PI3K/Akt signaling is one of the most frequently activated pathways in cancer cells responsible for the regulation of cell survival and proliferation in stress and hypoxic conditions during oncogenesis. Non-coding RNAs are a large family of RNAs that are not involved in protein-coding, and microRNAs (miRNAs) are a sub-set of non-coding RNAs with a single strand of 18-25 nucleotides. miRNAs are extensively involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and play an extensive role in the regulatory mechanisms including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. The impact of cancer on mRNA stability and translation efficiency is extensive and therefore, cancerous tissues exhibit drastic alterations in the expression of miRNAs. miRNAs can be modulated by utilizing techniques such as miRNA mimics, miRNA antagonists, or CRISPR/Cas9. In addition to their capacity as potential targets in cancer therapy, they can be used as reliable biomarkers to diagnose the disease at the earliest stage. Recent evidence indicates that microRNA-mediated gene regulation intersects with the Akt pathway, forming an Akt-microRNA regulatory network. miRNAs and Akt in this network operate together to exert their cellular tasks. In the current review, we discuss the Akt-associated miRNAs in several cancers, their molecular regulation, and how this newly emerging knowledge may contribute greatly to revolutionize cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir S Adil
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Daulat Khulood
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Payaningal R Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.
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Dai J, Wang B, Zhao Y, Zuo X, Cui H, Chen X, Liu X. Long Noncoding RNA LINC01426 Sequesters microRNA-519d-5p to Promote Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression by Increasing ETS1 Expression. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:12697-12708. [PMID: 33335425 PMCID: PMC7736839 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s277113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies have identified important roles for long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1426 (LINC01426) in glioma and clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The present study evaluated the expression profile of LINC01426 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, the function of LINC01426 in NSCLC and the molecular mechanisms involved were extensively studied. METHODS The abundance of LINC01426 in NSCLC tissues and cell lines was determined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, transwell experiments for migration and invasion, and xenograft tumor model were used to assess the function of LINC01426 in NSCLC cells. Mechanistic studies were performed using the luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Significant LINC01426 upregulation was observed in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Silencing LINC01426 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells and facilitated cell apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, interference of LINC01426 restricted tumor growth of NSCLC cells in vivo. In addition, LINC01426 showed the ability to directly bind to microRNA-519d-5p (miR-519d-5p) and act as a molecular sponge for miR-519d-5p in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, the ETS proto-oncogene 1 (ETS1) was identified as a direct target of miR-519d-5p and LINC01426 could indirectly upregulate ETS1 expression by sponging miR-519d-5p. Moreover, the cancer-inhibiting activities of LINC01426 knockdown in NSCLC cells were partially offset by miR-519d-5p inhibition. CONCLUSION LINC01426 increases ETS1 expression by sequestering miR-519d-5p, thereby aggravating the malignant progression of NSCLC. The LINC01426/miR-519d-5p/ETS1 competing endogenous RNA pathway may provide a target for designing therapeutic agents for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Dai
- Department of Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yueming Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuerong Zuo
- Department of Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Cui
- Department of Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianhong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin130000, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Xianhong Liu Department of Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, 1018 Huguang Road, Changchun, Jilin130000, People’s Republic of China Email
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Hussen BM, Ahmadi G, Marzban H, Fard Azar ME, Sorayyayi S, Karampour R, Nahand JS, Hidayat HJ, Moghoofei M. The role of HPV gene expression and selected cellular MiRNAs in lung cancer development. Microb Pathog 2020; 150:104692. [PMID: 33301856 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high mortality rate of lung cancer can be justified that strong need to explore new aspect of tumor biology. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been detected as risk factor for the development of lung cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the role of HPV and cellular/miRNAs genes expression in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and development of lung cancer. METHODS In this case-control study, 109 lung cancer tissue and 52 controls were included. We analyzed the presence of HPV infection, its genotypes (in positive samples) and the expression of viral genes (E2, E6 and E7). Also, We examined the expression of celluar factors including (a) p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) (as anti-carcinogenic genes), (b) EMT related genes, (c) selected miRNAs. RESULTS Our results reported 51.4% and 23.1% of HPV genome in tumor tissues and control tissues samples, respectively. There was a significant association between the HPV positive status and lung cancer (OR = 3.26, 95% C.I = 1.47-7.02, P = 0.001). HPV type 16 was the most prevalent genotype in tissues. The expression of p53, RB, TIMP1, CCNG-1, E-cad and PTPN13 were decreased while MMP-2 and N-cad were increased in HPV-positive tumor/control tissues compared to HPV-negative tissues. Also, among miRNAs, let-7, miR-23, miR-34, miR-125, miR-146 were downregulated and miR-20, miR-424 were upregulated in HPV-positve tissues compared to HPV-negative tissues. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that HPV infection and interaction with cellular genes and miRNAs promote EMT which involved in the lung cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Gelavizh Ahmadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Havva Marzban
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Animals, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Saba Sorayyayi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Romina Karampour
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hazha Jamal Hidayat
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Dos Santos Arcas C, Lin-Wang HT, Umeda IIK, de Sousa MG, Utiyama DMO, de Padua Mansur A, Macchione M, Hirata MH, Nakagawa NK. Smoking load reduction is insufficient to downregulate miR-301b, a lung cancer promoter. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21112. [PMID: 33273694 PMCID: PMC7713348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several circulating miRNAs identified in the plasma of smokers have been implicated as promoters of nasopharyngeal and lung carcinoma. To investigate the plasma profile of miRNAs in subjects who reduces the number of smoked cigarettes and who quit after six months. We accompanied 28 individuals enrolled in a Smoking Cessation Program over 6 months. At Baseline, clinical characteristics, co-morbidities, and smoking history were similar among subjects. After 6 months, two groups were defined: who successfully quitted smoking (named "quitters", n = 18, mean age 57 years, 11 male) and who reduced the number of cigarettes smoked (20-90%) but failed to quit smoking (named "smokers", n = 10, mean age 52 years, 3 male). No significant clinical changes were observed between groups at baseline and after a 6-month period, however, quitters showed significant downregulations in seven miRNAs at baseline: miR-17 (- 2.90-fold, p = 0.029), miR-20a (- 3.80-fold, p = 0.021); miR-20b (- 4.71-fold, p = 0.027); miR-30a (- 3.95-fold, p = 0.024); miR-93 (- 3.63-fold, p = 0.022); miR-125a (- 1.70-fold, p = 0.038); and miR-195 (- 5.37-fold, p = 0.002), and after a 6-month period in 6 miRNAs: miR-17 (- 5.30-fold, p = 0.012), miR-20a (- 2.04-fold, p = 0.017), miR-20b (- 5.44-fold, p = 0.017), miR-93 (- 4.00-fold, p = 0.041), miR-101 (- 4.82-fold, p = 0.047) and miR-125b (- 3.65-fold, p = 0.025). Using time comparisons, only quitters had significant downregulation in miR-301b (- 2.29-fold, p = 0.038) after 6-month. Reductions in the number of smoked cigarettes was insufficient to change the plasma profile of miRNA after 6 months. Only quitting smoking (100% reduction) significantly downregulated miR-301b related to hypoxic conditions, promotion of cell proliferation, decreases in apoptosis, cancer development, and progression as increases in radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Dos Santos Arcas
- Department of Physiotherapy, LIM-54, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 room 1150, São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-930, Brazil
| | - Hui Tzu Lin-Wang
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology São Paulo State, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iracema Ioco Kikuchi Umeda
- Department of Physiotherapy, LIM-54, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 room 1150, São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-930, Brazil
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology São Paulo State, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antonio de Padua Mansur
- Department of Cardiopneumology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariangela Macchione
- Department of Pathology, LIM05, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Hiroyuki Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naomi Kondo Nakagawa
- Department of Physiotherapy, LIM-54, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 room 1150, São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-930, Brazil.
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Miao Y, Lu J, Fan B, Sun L. MicroRNA-126-5p Inhibits the Migration of Breast Cancer Cells by Directly Targeting CNOT7. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820977545. [PMID: 33256566 PMCID: PMC7711228 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820977545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To assess the effect of microRNA-126-5p (miR-126-5p) on the migration of the
breast cancer MCF7 cell line. Methods: GSE143564 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo) to identify the
differentially expressed miRNAs between breast cancer and adjacent tissues.
Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to assess
miR-126-5p levels in the normal 184A1 breast cell line and the breast cancer
MCF7 cell line. The MCF7 cell line was then transfected with miR-126-5p
mimics or corresponding negative control (NC-mimic). The proliferation and
migration abilities of the MCF7 cell line were measured by methyl thiazolyl
tetrazolium (MTT), Transwell and scratch healing assays. CCR4-NOT
transcription complex and subunit 7 (CNOT7) expression levels in the
NC-mimic and miR-126-5p mimic groups were measured by Western blot analysis.
Bioinformatic analysis and a dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed
to identify the miR-126-5p target gene. Results: One hundred forty-eight differentially expressed miRNAs (downregulated = 55,
upregulated = 93) were identified. MiR-126-5p expression in the MCF7 cell
line was significantly downregulated relative to that of 184A1 cell line (P
< 0.05). Compared with that observed in the control and NC-mimic groups,
cell proliferation in the miR-126-5p mimic group was significantly decreased
at 48 and 72 h posttransfection (P < 0.05). In addition, the scratch
healing rate and number of membrane-piercing cells in the miR-126-5p
overexpression group were lower than those detected in the control and NC
groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, miR-126-5p could reduce the luciferase
activity for the wild-type CNOT7 gene 3’-untranslated region (UTR) reporter
(P < 0.05) but had no effect on the mutant 3’UTR reporter (P > 0.05).
Compared with that observed in the NC and control groups, the levels of
CNOT7 in the miR-126-5p overexpression group decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Upregulation of miR-126-5p can inhibit the migration of the breast cancer
MCF7 cell line, which may involve its direct targeting of the 3’UTR of
CNOT7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Miao
- Department of Breast Surgery Ward, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, China
| | - Jiang Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery Ward, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, China
| | - Baozhen Fan
- Department of Breast Surgery Ward, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, China
| | - Lecan Sun
- Department of Blood Hernia Minimally Invasive Surgery, XuZhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
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Wang D, Zhang S, Zhao M, Chen F. LncRNA MALAT1 accelerates non-small cell lung cancer progression via regulating miR-185-5p/MDM4 axis. Cancer Med 2020; 9:9138-9149. [PMID: 33146951 PMCID: PMC7724482 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the commonest malignancy with high death rate around the world. LncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is greatly overexpressed in multifarious cancers, including NSCLC. However, the precise mechanism of MALAT1 in NSCLC tumorigenesis is blurry. This paper aims to investigate the theory of MALAT1 action in NSCLC progression. The levels of MALAT1, microRNA (miR)-185-5p, and mouse double minute 4 protein (MDM4) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or western blot. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were, respectively, determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and flow cytometry. Cell migratory and invasive abilities were inspected by transwell assay. The binding relationship between miR-185-5p and MALAT1 or MDM4 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The impacts of MALAT1 on tumor growth in vivo were measured by a xenograft experiment. We found MALAT1 and MDM4 were upregulated and MALAT1 positively regulated the MDM4 expression. MALAT1 and MDM4 deletion significantly hindered the proliferation, metastasis, and expedited the apoptosis of NSCLC cells. MDM4 overexpression partly overturned the influence of MALAT1 downregulation on cell development. Moreover, miR-185-5p, as a target of MALAT1, could directly target MDM4, and miR-185-5p upregulation exerted inhibitory effects on NSCLC cells. Besides, knockdown of MALAT1 inhibited tumor growth in vivo through miR-185-5p/MDM4 axis in NSCLC. Collectively, MALAT1 contributed to proliferation, migration, invasion, and impeded apoptosis by regulating the MDM4 expression mediated by miR-185-5p in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical MedicineThe Huaihe Hospital of Henan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Suhong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical MedicineThe Huaihe Hospital of Henan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical MedicineThe Huaihe Hospital of Henan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Fengling Chen
- Department of UrologyThe Huaihe Hospital of Henan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
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Mokhlesi A, Talkhabi M. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis identifies novel regulators of lung adenocarcinoma. J Cell Commun Signal 2020; 14:453-465. [PMID: 32415511 PMCID: PMC7642016 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LA) is a subtype of lung cancer that accounts for about 40% of all lung cancers. Analysis of molecular mechanisms controlling this cancer can help scientists to detect, control and treat LA. Here, a microarray dataset (GSE118370) containing six normal lung (NL) and six LA samples was screened using GEO2R to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, DAVID, KEGG and ChEA were used to analyze DEGs-related gene ontology, pathways and transcription factors (TFs), respectively. The Protein-protein interaction network for DEGs and TFs was constructed by STRING and Cytoscape. To find microRNAs and metabolites associated with DEGs, miRTarBase and HMDB were used, respectively. It was found that 350 genes were upregulated and 608 genes were downregulated in LA. The upregulated genes or LA-related gens were enriched in biological process and pathways such as extracellular matrix disassembly and p53 signaling pathway, whereas the downregulated genes or NL-related genes were enriched in cell adhesion and cell-surface receptor signaling pathway. ESR1, KIF18B, BIRC5, CHEK1, CCNB1 and AURKA were determined as hub genes for LA. FOXA1 and TFAP2A had the highest number of connectivity in LA-related TFs. hsa-miR-192-5p and hsa-miR-215-5p could target the highest number of LA-related genes. Metabolite analysis showed that Estrone and NADPH were among the top ten metabolites associated with LA-related genes. Taken together, LA-related genes, especially the hub genes, TFs, and metabolites might be used as novel markers for LA, as well as for diagnosis and guiding therapeutic strategies of LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mokhlesi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Talkhabi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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Guerriero I, Monaco G, Coppola V, Orlacchio A. Serum and Glucocorticoid-Inducible Kinase 1 (SGK1) in NSCLC Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110413. [PMID: 33266470 PMCID: PMC7700219 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the most prevalent and one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. Despite recent success, there is still an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies. It is also becoming increasingly evident that combinatorial approaches are more effective than single modality treatments. This review proposes that the serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) may represent an attractive target for therapy of NSCLC. Although ubiquitously expressed, SGK1 deletion in mice causes only mild defects of ion physiology. The frequent overexpression of SGK1 in tumors is likely stress-induced and provides a therapeutic window to spare normal tissues. SGK1 appears to promote oncogenic signaling aimed at preserving the survival and fitness of cancer cells. Most importantly, recent investigations have revealed the ability of SGK1 to skew immune-cell differentiation toward pro-tumorigenic phenotypes. Future studies are needed to fully evaluate the potential of SGK1 as a therapeutic target in combinatorial treatments of NSCLC. However, based on what is currently known, SGK1 inactivation can result in anti-oncogenic effects both on tumor cells and on the immune microenvironment. A first generation of small molecules to inactivate SGK1 has already been already produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Guerriero
- Biogem Institute for Genetic Research Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy; (I.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Gianni Monaco
- Biogem Institute for Genetic Research Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy; (I.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (A.O.); Tel.: +1-614-688-8038 (V.C.); +1-646-552-0641 (A.O.)
| | - Arturo Orlacchio
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (A.O.); Tel.: +1-614-688-8038 (V.C.); +1-646-552-0641 (A.O.)
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Epigenetic modifications of c-MYC: Role in cancer cell reprogramming, progression and chemoresistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:166-176. [PMID: 33220458 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms intimately regulate cancer development and chemoresistance. Different genetic alterations are observed in multiple genes, and most are irreversible. Aside from genetic alterations, epigenetic alterations play a crucial role in cancer. The reversible nature of epigenetic modifications makes them an attractive target for cancer prevention and therapy. Specific epigenetic alteration is also being investigated as a potential biomarker in multiple cancers. c-MYC is one of the most important transcription factors that are centrally implicated in multiple types of cancer cells reprogramming, proliferation, and chemoresistance. c-MYC shows not only genetic alterations but epigenetic changes in multiple cancers. It has been observed that epigenome aberrations can reversibly alter the expression of c-MYC, both transcriptional and translational levels. Understanding the underlying mechanism of the epigenetic alterations of c-MYC, that has its role in multiple levels of cancer pathogenesis, can give a better understanding of various unresolved questions regarding cancer. Recently, some researchers reported that targeting the epigenetic modifiers of c-MYC can successfully inhibit cancer cell proliferation, sensitize the chemoresistant cells, and increase the patient survival rate. As c-MYC is an important transcription factor, epigenetic therapy might be one of the best alternatives for the conventional therapies that assumes the "one-size-fits-all" role. It can also increase the precision of targeting and enhance the effectiveness of treatments among various cancer subtypes. In this review, we highlighted the role of epigenetically modified c-MYC in cancer cell reprogramming, progression, and chemoresistance. We also summarize the potential therapeutic approaches to target these modifications for the prevention of cancer development and chemoresistant phenotypes.
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128
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Du X, Wang S, Liu X, He T, Lin X, Wu S, Wang D, Li J, Huang W, Yang H. MiR-1307-5p targeting TRAF3 upregulates the MAPK/NF-κB pathway and promotes lung adenocarcinoma proliferation. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:502. [PMID: 33061854 PMCID: PMC7552495 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) includes lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). MicroRNA (miRNA) plays an important role in the regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression in animals and plants, especially in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS MiR-1307-5p is an miRNA with significant differences screened by the second generation of high-throughput sequencing in the early stage of our research group. In the current study, a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out. MiR-1307-5p mimic, miR-1307-5p inhibitor, and NC were transfected into A549 and H1299 lung adenocarcinoma cells. The correlation between miR-1307-5p and clinicopathological features in pathological samples was analyzed using a lung adenocarcinoma tissue microarray, and miR-1307-5p expression was detected by qPCR. CCK-8, EdU, colony formation, scratch test, and Transwell assays were used to observe cell proliferation and migration. Double luciferase assay, western blot, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry were employed in confirming the target relationship between miR-1307-5p and TRAF3. Western blotting was used to analyze the relationship between miR-1307-5p and the NF-κB/MAPK pathway. Finally, the effect of miR-1307-5p on tumor growth was studied using a subcutaneous tumorigenesis model in nude mice. RESULTS Increased miR-1307-5p expression was significantly related to decreased overall survival rate of lung adenocarcinoma patients, revealing miR-1307-5p as a potential oncogene in lung adenocarcinoma. MiR-1307-5p mimic significantly promoted while miR-1307-5p inhibitor reduced the growth and proliferation of A549 and H1299 cells. MiR-1307-5p overexpression significantly enhanced the migration ability while miR-1307-5p inhibition reduced the migration ability of A549 and H1299 cells. Target binding of miR-1307-5p to TRAF3 was confirmed by double luciferase assay, western blot, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry. miR-1307-5p caused degradation of TRAF3 mRNA and protein. MiR-1307-5p targeted TRAF3 and activated the NF-κB/MAPK pathway. TRAF3 colocalized with p65 and the localization of TRAF3 and p65 changed in each treatment group. Tumor volume of the lv-miR-1307-5p group was significantly larger than that of the lv-NC group, and that of the lv-miR-1307-5p-inhibitor group was significantly smaller than that of the lv-NC group. CONCLUSION In conclusion, miR-1307-5p targets TRAF3 and activates the NF-κB/MAPK pathway to promote proliferation in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Du
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuangmiao Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xingyan Liu
- Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Guangdong Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangui Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Simin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Bai L, Peng X, Sun R. Knockdown of circPRKCA Restrained Cell Growth, Migration, and Invasion of NSCLC Cells Both in vitro and in vivo via Regulating miR-330-5p/PDK1/AKT Pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:9125-9137. [PMID: 33061606 PMCID: PMC7524182 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s258370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein kinase Cα (PRKCA) is an oncogene in multiple cancers including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and can be transcribed into a number of circular PRKCAs (circPRKCAs). Here, we aimed to elaborate the role and mechanism of circPRKCA_024 (circPRKCA) in malignant progression of NSCLC. Methods Expression of circPRKCA, miRNA (miR)-330-5p and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) was measured by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting, and their relationship was testified by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull-down assay. Cell behaviors were evaluated by cell counting kit (CCK)-8, flow cytometry, and transwell assays. AKT activity was confirmed by Western blotting. Xenograft experiment assessed tumor growth. Results Expression of circPRKCA and PDK1 was upregulated, and miR-330-5p was downregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. High circPRKCA was correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis of NSCLC patients. Silencing circPRKCA could suppress cell viability, migration, and invasion in A549 and H1299 cells, accompanied with apoptosis rate promotion. Moreover, circPRKCA knockdown retarded tumor growth of A549 cells in vivo. Molecularly, miR-330-5p was sponged by circPRKCA, and PDK1 was a target of miR-330-5p. Inhibiting miR-330-5p could attenuate the suppression of circPRKCA knockdown on cell growth, migration, and invasion; contrarily, promoting miR-330-5p caused inhibition on those cell behaviors by downregulating PDK1. Analogously, AKT activity was suppressed by circPRKCA downregulation and miR-330-5p upregulation in NSCLC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Depleting circPRKCA inhibited PDK1 to suppress NSCLC cell malignant behaviors through miR-330-5p/PDK1/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxiang Bai
- Disinfection Supply Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonu Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruimei Sun
- Department of Laboratory, Weifang No.2 People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Souza CP, Cinegaglia NC, Felix TF, Evangelista AF, Oliveira RA, Hasimoto EN, Cataneo DC, Cataneo AJM, Scapulatempo Neto C, Viana CR, de Paula FE, Drigo SA, Carvalho RF, Marques MMC, Reis RM, Reis PP. Deregulated microRNAs Are Associated with Patient Survival and Predicted to Target Genes That Modulate Lung Cancer Signaling Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2711. [PMID: 32971741 PMCID: PMC7563870 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Although the advances in diagnostic and treatment strategies, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, worldwide, with survival rates as low as 16% in developed countries. Low survival rates are mainly due to late diagnosis and the lack of effective treatment. Therefore, the identification of novel, clinically useful biomarkers is still needed for patients with advanced disease stage and poor survival. Micro(mi)RNAs are non-coding RNAs and potent regulators of gene expression with a possible role as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers in cancer. (2) Methods: We applied global miRNA expression profiling analysis using TaqMan® arrays in paired tumor and normal lung tissues (n = 38) from treatment-naïve patients with lung adenocarcinoma (AD; n = 23) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; n = 15). miRNA target genes were validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) lung AD (n = 561) and lung SCC (n = 523) RNA-Seq datasets. (3) Results: We identified 33 significantly deregulated miRNAs (fold change, FC ≥ 2.0 and p < 0.05) in tumors relative to normal lung tissues, regardless of tumor histology. Enrichment analysis confirmed that genes targeted by the 33 miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in lung AD and SCC, and modulate known pathways in lung cancer. Additionally, high expression of miR-25-3p was significantly associated (p < 0.05) with poor patient survival, when considering both tumor histologies. (4) Conclusions: miR-25-3p may be a potential prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer. Genes targeted by miRNAs regulate EGFR and TGFβ signaling, among other known pathways relevant to lung tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano P. Souza
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (C.P.S.); (E.N.H.); (D.C.C.); (A.J.M.C.); (S.A.D.)
- Experimental Research Unity (UNIPEX), São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (N.C.C.); (T.F.F.)
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, SP, Brazil; (A.F.E.); (C.S.N.); (C.R.V.); (F.E.d.P.); (M.M.C.M.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Naiara C. Cinegaglia
- Experimental Research Unity (UNIPEX), São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (N.C.C.); (T.F.F.)
| | - Tainara F. Felix
- Experimental Research Unity (UNIPEX), São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (N.C.C.); (T.F.F.)
| | - Adriane F. Evangelista
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, SP, Brazil; (A.F.E.); (C.S.N.); (C.R.V.); (F.E.d.P.); (M.M.C.M.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Rogério A. Oliveira
- Department of Biostatistics, Plant Biology, Parasitology, and Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University UNESP, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil;
| | - Erica N. Hasimoto
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (C.P.S.); (E.N.H.); (D.C.C.); (A.J.M.C.); (S.A.D.)
| | - Daniele C. Cataneo
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (C.P.S.); (E.N.H.); (D.C.C.); (A.J.M.C.); (S.A.D.)
| | - Antônio J. M. Cataneo
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (C.P.S.); (E.N.H.); (D.C.C.); (A.J.M.C.); (S.A.D.)
| | - Cristovam Scapulatempo Neto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, SP, Brazil; (A.F.E.); (C.S.N.); (C.R.V.); (F.E.d.P.); (M.M.C.M.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Cristiano R. Viana
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, SP, Brazil; (A.F.E.); (C.S.N.); (C.R.V.); (F.E.d.P.); (M.M.C.M.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Flávia E. de Paula
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, SP, Brazil; (A.F.E.); (C.S.N.); (C.R.V.); (F.E.d.P.); (M.M.C.M.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Sandra A. Drigo
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (C.P.S.); (E.N.H.); (D.C.C.); (A.J.M.C.); (S.A.D.)
- Experimental Research Unity (UNIPEX), São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (N.C.C.); (T.F.F.)
| | - Robson F. Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil;
| | - Márcia M. C. Marques
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, SP, Brazil; (A.F.E.); (C.S.N.); (C.R.V.); (F.E.d.P.); (M.M.C.M.); (R.M.R.)
- Barretos School of Health Sciences, Barretos 14785-002, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui M. Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, SP, Brazil; (A.F.E.); (C.S.N.); (C.R.V.); (F.E.d.P.); (M.M.C.M.); (R.M.R.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 410-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patricia P. Reis
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (C.P.S.); (E.N.H.); (D.C.C.); (A.J.M.C.); (S.A.D.)
- Experimental Research Unity (UNIPEX), São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (N.C.C.); (T.F.F.)
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FAM64A: A Novel Oncogenic Target of Lung Adenocarcinoma Regulated by Both Strands of miR-99a ( miR-99a-5p and miR-99a-3p). Cells 2020; 9:cells9092083. [PMID: 32932948 PMCID: PMC7564711 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most aggressive cancer and the prognosis of these patients is unfavorable. We revealed that the expression levels of both strands of miR-99a (miR-99a-5p and miR-99a-3p) were significantly suppressed in several cancer tissues. Analyses of large The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets showed that reduced miR-99a-5p or miR-99a-3p expression is associated with worse prognoses in LUAD patients (disease-free survival (DFS): p = 0.1264 and 0.0316; overall survival (OS): p = 0.0176 and 0.0756, respectively). Ectopic expression of these miRNAs attenuated LUAD cell proliferation, suggesting their tumor-suppressive roles. Our in silico analysis revealed 23 putative target genes of pre-miR-99a in LUAD cells. Among these targets, high expressions of 19 genes were associated with worse prognoses in LUAD patients (OS: p < 0.05). Notably, FAM64A was regulated by both miR-99a-5p and miR-99a-3p in LUAD cells, and its aberrant expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in LUAD patients (OS: p = 0.0175; DFS: p = 0.0276). FAM64A knockdown using siRNAs suggested that elevated FAM64A expression contributes to cancer progression. Aberrant FAM64A expression was detected in LUAD tissues by immunostaining. Taken together, our miRNA-based analysis might be effective for identifying prognostic and therapeutic molecules in LUAD.
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Pozza DH, De Mello RA, Araujo RLC, Velcheti V. MicroRNAs in Lung Cancer Oncogenesis and Tumor Suppression: How it Can Improve the Clinical Practice? Curr Genomics 2020; 21:372-381. [PMID: 33093800 PMCID: PMC7536806 DOI: 10.2174/1389202921999200630144712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer (LC) development is a process that depends on genetic mutations. The DNA methylation, an important epigenetic modification, is associated with the expression of non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs. MicroRNAs are particularly essential for cell physiology, since they play a critical role in tumor suppressor gene activity. Furthermore, epigenetic disruptions are the primary event in cell modification, being related to tumorigenesis. In this context, microRNAs can be a useful tool in the LC suppression, consequently improving prognosis and predicting treatment. Conclusion This manuscript reviews the main microRNAs involved in LC and its potential clinical applications to improve outcomes, such as survival and better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Humberto Pozza
- 1Departamento de Biomedicina da Faculdade de Medicina, and Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, and I3s, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; 2Algarve Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; 3Department of Clinical & Experimental Oncology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 4Precision Oncology and Health Economic Group, Nine of July University, São Paulo, Brazil; 5Department of Digestive Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; 6Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein Israelite Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil; 7Thoracic Oncology Program, NYU Langone, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ramon Andrade De Mello
- 1Departamento de Biomedicina da Faculdade de Medicina, and Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, and I3s, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; 2Algarve Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; 3Department of Clinical & Experimental Oncology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 4Precision Oncology and Health Economic Group, Nine of July University, São Paulo, Brazil; 5Department of Digestive Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; 6Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein Israelite Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil; 7Thoracic Oncology Program, NYU Langone, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Raphael L C Araujo
- 1Departamento de Biomedicina da Faculdade de Medicina, and Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, and I3s, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; 2Algarve Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; 3Department of Clinical & Experimental Oncology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 4Precision Oncology and Health Economic Group, Nine of July University, São Paulo, Brazil; 5Department of Digestive Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; 6Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein Israelite Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil; 7Thoracic Oncology Program, NYU Langone, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Vamsidhar Velcheti
- 1Departamento de Biomedicina da Faculdade de Medicina, and Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, and I3s, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; 2Algarve Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; 3Department of Clinical & Experimental Oncology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 4Precision Oncology and Health Economic Group, Nine of July University, São Paulo, Brazil; 5Department of Digestive Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; 6Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein Israelite Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil; 7Thoracic Oncology Program, NYU Langone, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Rezaei S, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Jalili A, Movahedpour A, Khan H, Moghoofei M, Shojaei Z, R Hamblin M, Mirzaei H. Autophagy-related MicroRNAs in chronic lung diseases and lung cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 153:103063. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Hu Y, Zhang X, Gong C, Li J. Aberrant expression of miR-4728 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and its regulatory effects on tumor progression in tumor cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:15. [PMID: 32934680 PMCID: PMC7471878 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common malignant tumor with poor prognosis and an increasing number of cases. MicroRNA (miR)-4728 is related with the progression of various types of cancer, and is dysregulated in NSCLC, which indicates that miR-4728 may serve as a biomarker for NSCLC. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of miR-4728 in NSCLC diagnosis and prognosis, and to explore the biological function of miR-4728 in NSCLC progression. Serum and tissue samples were collected from 122 patients with NSCLC. By conducting reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and Transwell assays, the expression of miR-4728 and its effect on NSCLC cell proliferation, migration and invasion were investigated. The diagnostic value of miR-4728 was evaluated by plotting a receiver operating characteristic curve, and Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were conducted to assess the prognostic value of miR-4728. miR-4728 was significantly downregulated in NSCLC serum and tissue samples compared with healthy controls, with a relatively high diagnostic accuracy and ability to predict poor overall survival time in patients with NSCLC. By conducting gain- and loss-of-function experiments, the results indicated that miR-4728 knockdown significantly promoted NSCLC cell proliferation, migration and invasion compared with the inhibitor negative control (NC) group. By contrast, miR-4728 overexpression displayed the opposite effect on NSCLC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The present study indicated that miR-4728 was downregulated in NSCLC and may serve as a candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. NSCLC cell proliferation, migration and invasion were inhibited by miR-4728 overexpression compared with the mimic NC group, which suggested that miR-4728 may serve as a therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Qilu Hospital Huantai Branch, Zibo, Shandong 256400, P.R. China
| | - Xinfang Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital Huantai Branch, Zibo, Shandong 256400, P.R. China
| | - Cuixue Gong
- Outpatient Dressing Room, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhao Li
- Department of Pathology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P.R. China
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135
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Luo L, Wang M, Li X, Luo C, Tan S, Yin S, Liu L, Zhu X. A novel mechanism by which ACTA2-AS1 promotes cervical cancer progression: acting as a ceRNA of miR-143-3p to regulate SMAD3 expression. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:372. [PMID: 32774166 PMCID: PMC7409411 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01471-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been increasingly confirmed to be abnormally expressed in human cancer and closely related to tumorigenesis. LncRNA ACTA2-AS1 is abnormally expressed in multiple tumors and participates in their development. However, whether ACTA2-AS1 plays a role in the development of cervical cancer (CC) and the exact mechanism of its role has not been elucidated. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to detect the expression level of messenger RNA of ACTA2-AS1, miR-143-3p and SMAD3 in tumor tissues and cells. Additionally, SMAD3 protein expression by western blots in cells. Small interference RNA against ACTA2-AS1 or SMAD3 and miR-143-3p mimic/inhibitor was designed and transfected into CC cell lines to investigate their correlations and potential impacts on cell function. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, colony formation, cell cycle assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry analysis were performed to detect the specific effects on cell line proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis. RESULTS ACTA2-AS1 was significantly increased in CC tissues and cells and miR-143-3p was down-regulated. Clinically, the higher expression of ACTA2-AS1 was significantly correlated with higher FIGO stage. Loss-of-function assay revealed that silencing of ACTA2-AS1 inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and promoted apoptosis in CC. Additionally, Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression of ACTA2-AS1 and miR-143-3p were negatively correlated. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and further mechanistic experiments confirmed that ACTA2-AS1 could sponge and regulate the expression of miR-143-3p. Furthermore, SMAD3 was the target gene of miR-143-3p and ACTA2-AS1 could upregulate SMAD3 through acting as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-143-3p. Finally, rescue assay demonstrated that the ACTA2-AS1/miR-143-3p/SMAD3 axis played an important role in the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of CC cells. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study revealed that ACTA2-AS1 upregulates SMAD3 by competitively binding miR-143-3p, thereby accelerating CC progression. The ACTA2-AS1/miR-143-3p/SMAD3 axis can play a crucial role in cervical carcinogenesis, providing new clues for the early diagnosis and treatment of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Xianping Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Can Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Shan Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Sheng Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
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Li L, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhou C, Ma X, Fu J, Yao B, Zhao P. MicroRNA expression profiling and the role of ALCAM modulating tumor growth and metastasis in benzo[a]pyrene-transformed 16HBE cells. Toxicology 2020; 442:152539. [PMID: 32681969 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a potent carcinogen and microRNAs (miRNAs) may play an important role in carcinogenesis. Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) was up-regulated in BaP-transformed 16HBE cell line (THBEc1), and may be a key molecule for THBEc1 cells to gain and maintain the malignant phenotype. Here we screened the differentially expressed miRNAs which resulted in up-regulation of ALCAM in THBEc1 cells by comparing miRNA expression profiles between THBEc1 and 16HBE (HBE) cells. Results showed that a total of 555 miRNAs differentially expressed between THBEc1 and HBE cells, of which 351 miRNAs were down-regulated and 204 miRNAs were up-regulated in THBEc1 cells. MiR-152-3p, miR-142-5p and miR-211-5p down-regulated in THBEc1 cells were demonstrated to participate in the regulation of ALCAM. With THBEc1 as a tumor cell model, we determined the role of ALCAM in tumor growth and metastasis employing two ALCAM knockout THBEc1 cell lines via CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Results showed that ALCAM knockout inhibited colony formation and tumor growth, but enhanced cell migration and lung metastasis of THBEc1 cells. In conclusion, miR-152-3p/ALCAM, miR-142-5p/ALCAM and miR-211-5p/ALCAM axes may be involved in BaP-induced carcinogenesis. BaP might induce up-regulation of ALCAM via inhibiting miR-152-3p, miR-142-5p and miR-211-5p, which in turn allows ALCAM to exert its role promoting cell proliferation and tumor growth, and suppressing cell migration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludi Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 10021, PR China
| | - Chuan Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xue Ma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Juanling Fu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Biyun Yao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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Wieleba I, Wojas-Krawczyk K, Krawczyk P. Aptamers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143138. [PMID: 32659994 PMCID: PMC7396979 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are short, single-stranded oligonucleotides which are capable of specifically binding to single molecules and cellular structures. Aptamers are also known as “chemical antibodies”. Compared to monoclonal antibodies, they are characterized by higher reaction specificity, lower molecular weight, lower production costs, and lower variability in the production stage. Aptamer research has been extended during the past twenty years, but only Macugen® has been accepted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to date, and few aptamers have been examined in clinical trials. In vitro studies with aptamers have shown that they may take part in the regulation of cancer progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis processes. In this article, we focus on the potential use of aptamers in non-small cell lung cancer treatment.
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138
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Qi G, Li L. LncRNA TTN-AS1 Promotes Progression of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via Regulating miR-491-5p/ZNF503 Axis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:6361-6371. [PMID: 32669856 PMCID: PMC7335898 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s238890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer with high mortality worldwide. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) TTN antisense RNA1 (TTN-AS1) has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in a variety of cancers. This study was designed to investigate the function and molecular mechanism of lncRNA TTN-AS1 in NSCLC. Methods The expression levels of TTN-AS1, miR-491-5p and zinc finger protein 503 (ZNF503) were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or Western blot assay, respectively. Cell viability was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell migration and invasion were assessed by transwell assay. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins were measured using Western blot assay. The relationship between TTN-AS1, miR-491-5p and ZNF503 was predicted by starBase2.0 and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Xenograft tumor experiment was conducted to analyze the tumor growth in vivo. Results The levels of TTN-AS1 and ZNF503 were up-regulated, while miR-491-5p expression was reduced in NSCLC tissues and cells. Knockdown of TTN-AS1 or ZNF503 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT in NSCLC cells. Overexpression of ZNF503 reversed the effect of TTN-AS1 silencing on NSCLC progression. TTN-AS1 could modulate the expression of ZNF503 via sponging miR-491-5p. Furthermore, TTN-AS1 induced tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion Inhibition of TTN-AS1 hindered cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT in NSCLC cells by modulating miR-491-5p/ZNF503 axis, providing a promising biomarker for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanbin Qi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, People's Republic of China
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Aramini B, Masciale V, Haider KH. Defining lung cancer stem cells exosomal payload of miRNAs in clinical perspective. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:406-421. [PMID: 32742559 PMCID: PMC7360993 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i6.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first publication regarding the existence of stem cells in cancer [cancer stem cells (CSCs)] in 1994, many studies have been published providing in-depth information about their biology and function. This research has paved the way in terms of appreciating the role of CSCs in tumour aggressiveness, progression, recurrence and resistance to cancer therapy. Targeting CSCs for cancer therapy has still not progressed to a sufficient degree, particularly in terms of exploring the mechanism of dynamic interconversion between CSCs and non-CSCs. Besides the CSC scenario, the problem of cancer dissemination has been analyzed in-depth with the identification and isolation of microRNAs (miRs), which are now considered to be compelling molecular markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of tumours in general and specifically in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Paracrine release of miRs via “exosomes” (small membrane vesicles (30-100 nm), the derivation of which lies in the luminal membranes of multi-vesicular bodies) released by fusion with the cell membrane is gaining popularity. Whether exosomes play a significant role in maintaining a dynamic equilibrium state between CSCs and non-CSCs and their mechanism of activity is as yet unknown. Future studies on CSC-related exosomes will provide new perspectives for precision-targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Aramini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41124, Italy
| | - Valentina Masciale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41124, Italy
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140
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Chauhan SJ, Thyagarajan A, Sahu RP. Functional Significance of Mirna-149 in Lung Cancer: Can it be Utilized as a Potential Biomarker or a Therapeutic Target? AUSTIN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ONCOLOGY 2020; 7:1048. [PMID: 38628497 PMCID: PMC11019914 DOI: 10.26420/austinjmedoncol.2020.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has documented the significance of miR-149 as a promising tumor-suppressive non-coding RNA that play critical roles in regulating genes involved in cancer growth and metastasis. Notably, the ability of miR-149 to be utilized as a potential biomarker in the diagnosis/prognosis or a therapeutic target has also been explored using various cellular and preclinical models, as well as in clinical settings of lung cancer. While the applicability of miR-149 in assessing tumor progression has been suggested, its potential in predicting treatment outcomes is needed to be verified in diverse settings of lung cancer patients. The current review presents an overview of the functional significance of miR-149 with ongoing challenges in non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, USA
| | - A Thyagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, USA
| | - R P Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, USA
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Liu S, Li B, Xu J, Hu S, Zhan N, Wang H, Gao C, Li J, Xu X. SOD1 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Metastasis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer via an miR-409-3p/SOD1/SETDB1 Epigenetic Regulatory Feedforward Loop. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:213. [PMID: 32391354 PMCID: PMC7190798 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1) is a major antioxidant with oncogenic effects in many human cancers. Although SOD1 is overexpressed in various cancers, the clinical significance and functions of SOD1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly the epigenetic regulation of SOD1 in NSCLC carcinogenesis and progression have been less well investigated. In this study, we found that SOD1 expression was upregulated in NSCLC cell lines and tissues. Further, elevated SOD1 expression could promote NSCLC cell proliferation, invasion and migration. While inhibition of SOD1 expression induced NSCLC G1-phase cell cycle arrest and promoted apoptosis. In addition, miR-409-3p could repress SOD1 expression and significantly counteract its oncogenic activities. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that SET domain bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase1 (SETDB1) was involved in the epigenetic regulation of miR-409-3p and SOD1 expression and functions in NSCLC cells. Identification of this miR-409-3p/SOD1/SETDB1 epigenetic regulatory feedforward loop may provide new insights into further understanding of NSCLC tumorigenesis and progression. Additionally, our results incicate that SOD1 may be a potential new therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Liu
- Department of Thoracic Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyu Xu
- Department of Thoracic Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Songliu Hu
- Department of Thoracic Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Zhan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunzi Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Thoracic Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangying Xu
- Department of Thoracic Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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142
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Rubin JB, Lagas JS, Broestl L, Sponagel J, Rockwell N, Rhee G, Rosen SF, Chen S, Klein RS, Imoukhuede P, Luo J. Sex differences in cancer mechanisms. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:17. [PMID: 32295632 PMCID: PMC7161126 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We now know that cancer is many different diseases, with great variation even within a single histological subtype. With the current emphasis on developing personalized approaches to cancer treatment, it is astonishing that we have not yet systematically incorporated the biology of sex differences into our paradigms for laboratory and clinical cancer research. While some sex differences in cancer arise through the actions of circulating sex hormones, other sex differences are independent of estrogen, testosterone, or progesterone levels. Instead, these differences are the result of sexual differentiation, a process that involves genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, in addition to acute sex hormone actions. Sexual differentiation begins with fertilization and continues beyond menopause. It affects virtually every body system, resulting in marked sex differences in such areas as growth, lifespan, metabolism, and immunity, all of which can impact on cancer progression, treatment response, and survival. These organismal level differences have correlates at the cellular level, and thus, males and females can fundamentally differ in their protections and vulnerabilities to cancer, from cellular transformation through all stages of progression, spread, and response to treatment. Our goal in this review is to cover some of the robust sex differences that exist in core cancer pathways and to make the case for inclusion of sex as a biological variable in all laboratory and clinical cancer research. We finish with a discussion of lab- and clinic-based experimental design that should be used when testing whether sex matters and the appropriate statistical models to apply in data analysis for rigorous evaluations of potential sex effects. It is our goal to facilitate the evaluation of sex differences in cancer in order to improve outcomes for all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Joseph S Lagas
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lauren Broestl
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jasmin Sponagel
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nathan Rockwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Gina Rhee
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sarah F Rosen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Robyn S Klein
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Princess Imoukhuede
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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143
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Kooshkaki O, Rezaei Z, Rahmati M, Vahedi P, Derakhshani A, Brunetti O, Baghbanzadeh A, Mansoori B, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. MiR-144: A New Possible Therapeutic Target and Diagnostic/Prognostic Tool in Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072578. [PMID: 32276343 PMCID: PMC7177921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small and non-coding RNAs that display aberrant expression in the tissue and plasma of cancer patients when tested in comparison to healthy individuals. In past decades, research data proposed that miRNAs could be diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer patients. It has been confirmed that miRNAs can act either as oncogenes by silencing tumor inhibitors or as tumor suppressors by targeting oncoproteins. MiR-144s are located in the chromosomal region 17q11.2, which is subject to significant damage in many types of cancers. In this review, we assess the involvement of miR-144s in several cancer types by illustrating the possible target genes that are related to each cancer, and we also briefly describe the clinical applications of miR-144s as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Kooshkaki
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
- Department of Immunology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
| | - Zohre Rezaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
- Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan 9816745845, Iran
| | - Meysam Rahmati
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166/15731, Iran;
| | - Parviz Vahedi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh 5165665931, Iran;
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (A.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit—IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (A.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit—IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology DIMO—University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (B.B.); Tel.: +39-0805555419 (N.S.); +98-413-3371440 (B.B.)
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (A.D.); (A.B.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (B.B.); Tel.: +39-0805555419 (N.S.); +98-413-3371440 (B.B.)
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144
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Inhibition of miR-18a-3p reduces proliferation of mesothelioma cells and sensitizes them to cisplatin. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:4161-4168. [PMID: 32382354 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a notorious human malignancy. Despite combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and pemetrexed, the majority of patients with advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma have a poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate various biological processes by binding to the 3'-untranslated region of target gene mRNAs and suppressing their expression. Since abnormal expression patterns of miRNAs are a common feature in human malignancies, a number of them have been researched as potential therapeutic targets. Our previous study demonstrated that microRNA-18a (miR-18a) is upregulated in mesothelioma cell lines compared with in non-neoplastic mesothelial tissues, but its function remains unclear. In the present study, miRNA inhibitor was transfected into mesothelioma cell lines and then analyzed various cellular functions. Mesothelioma cells transfected with the miR-18a inhibitor exhibited lower proliferation and migration rates compared with cells transfected with a negative control inhibitor in proliferation and wound scratch assays, respectively. Additionally, the present study revealed that downregulation of miR-18a increased mesothelioma cell apoptosis. In a chemosensitivity assay, transfection of the miR-18a inhibitor significantly increased the sensitivity of mesothelioma cells to cisplatin but not to pemetrexed. Therefore, miR-18a may be a potential therapeutic target for mesothelioma resistant to cisplatin.
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145
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Kirave P, Gondaliya P, Kulkarni B, Rawal R, Garg R, Jain A, Kalia K. Exosome mediated miR-155 delivery confers cisplatin chemoresistance in oral cancer cells via epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1157-1171. [PMID: 32284792 PMCID: PMC7138164 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is used as chemotherapeutic drug for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, OSCC cells develop resistance following long-term cisplatin exposure. Resistance against cisplatin chemo-therapy is accredited to the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which in-turn has been linked to tumor-recurrence. miRNA deregulation, a common event in cancer, plays contributory role in chemo-resistance. Exosomes acts as the natural cargo for miRNA and facilitates inter-cell communication in the tumor micro-environment. Hence, exosomal-mediated miRNA transference may play essential role in drug resistance and serve as a target for cancer-therapy. miR-155 upregulation in OSCC has been described, however, its relevance in the observed chemo-resistance is unclear and also, if exosomes have any role in miR-155 regulation remain elusive. In the present study, we document for the first time the critical role of exosomes in mediating increments in miR-155 expression in OSCC cells that have acquired cisplatin resistance (cisRes cells). Importantly, exosomal transfer from cisRes to the cisplatin sensitive (cisSens) cells was found to confer significant miR-155 induction in the recipient cisSens cells. Restoration of miR-155 expression in cisSens cells following miR-155 mimics treatment led to epithelial to mesenchymal transition, enhancements in their migratory potential as well as acquisition of resistant phenotype. Notably, similar augmentations in the migratory and chemo-resistant traits were seen upon delivery of exosomes from cisRes to the recipient cisSens cells. Overall, our findings establish the significance of exosomal-mediated miR-155 shuttling in the cisplatin-chemoresistance, commonly observed in OSCC cells, thereby providing rationale for targeting miR-155 signalling for oral cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathibha Kirave
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- These authors contributed equally to this work and are first authors
| | - Piyush Gondaliya
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- These authors contributed equally to this work and are first authors
| | - Bhagyashri Kulkarni
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- These authors contributed equally to this work and are first authors
| | - Rakesh Rawal
- Department of Life Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rachana Garg
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Alok Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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146
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Cui F, Zhou Q, Xiao K, Qian H. MicroRNA‑28 promotes the proliferation of non‑small‑cell lung cancer cells by targeting PTEN. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2589-2596. [PMID: 32236614 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the fundamental form of lung cancer and the leading cause of cancer‑related mortality in humans. Numerous studies have identified a role for microRNAs (miRs) in cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis in numerous types of cancer, including lung cancer. In the present study, the functional roles and molecular mechanisms of miR‑28 in NSCLC tumorigenesis were investigated. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR) was used to measure miR‑28 expression levels in NSCLC tumor tissues and cell lines. A dual‑luciferase assay was performed to observe the direct interaction between miR‑28 and PTEN in A549 cells. Furthermore, the effect of miR‑28 on the mRNA and protein expression levels of PTEN was examined by RT‑qPCR and western blotting, respectively. A Cell Counting kit‑8 assay was performed to identify the relationship between the miR‑28/PTEN axis and tumor cell proliferation using cells infected with lentivirus (LV)‑anti‑miR‑28 or LV‑anti‑miR‑28 + short hairpin RNA‑PTEN. miR‑28 expression was upregulated in NSCLC tumor tissues and cell lines compared with the control groups. PTEN was identified as the downstream gene of miR‑28 in NSCLC and was negatively regulated by miR‑28. In addition, miR‑28 knockdown suppressed the proliferation of A549 and H292 cells. Cells infected with LV‑anti‑miR‑28 + short hairpin RNA‑PTEN promoted tumor cell proliferation in A549 and H292 cells compared with cells infected with LV‑anti‑miR‑28. Taken together, the present study suggested that miR‑28 might serve as the promoter in the development of NSCLC by targeting PTEN. Therefore, the miR‑28/PTEN axis may serve as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghe Cui
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Kuang Xiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Haiyun Qian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
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147
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Geng G, Liu X, Xu A, Lu Z, Chen K, He J, Qi D, Yuan X. Low abundance of TFPI-2 by both promoter methylation and miR-27a-3p regulation is linked with poor clinical outcome in gastric cancer. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3166. [PMID: 31984574 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor suppressor role of tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI-2) has been reported in various tumors. The present study aimed to improve the understanding of the oncogenic properties of TFPI-2 in gastric cancer. METHODS Relative expression of TFPI-2 was determined by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting, respectively. Cell viability was measured via a cell counting kit-8 assay and proliferation was evaluated by a colony formation assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed with a caspase-3 activity kit and invasion was evaluated by a transwell chamber assay. The methylation level of TFPI-2 promoter was assayed by methylation-specific PCR. The regulatory effect of miR-27a-3p on TFPI-2 was analyzed with a luciferase reporter assay. The direct association between miR-27a-3p and TFPI-2 was shown by biotin-labelling pulldown. RESULTS TFPI-2 was down-regulated in gastric cancer, which associated with an unfavorable prognosis clinically. Ectopic introduction of TFPI-2 greatly compromised cell viability, colony formation and invasive capacity, and also induced cell apoptosis simultaneously. The promoter region of TFPI-2 was extensively methylated in gastric cancer tissues compared to normal tissues, suggesting the epigenetic inhibition of TFPI-2 expression. We further identified that TFPI-2 functioned as sponge RNA against miR-27a-3p. Most importantly, miR-27a-3p-specific inhibitor significantly exerted a tumor suppressor function akin to TFPI-2 itself, and the anti-tumoral activities were completely abolished by TFPI-2 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS We found that the epigenetically suppressed TFPI-2 compromised sponging effects with respect to miR-27a-3p in gastric cancer, which consequently and mechanistically contributed to the tumor biology of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyong Geng
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Liu
- PET-CT Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Aman Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kaiwei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Juntong He
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dongjiang Qi
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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148
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MiRNAs and LncRNAs: Dual Roles in TGF-β Signaling-Regulated Metastasis in Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041193. [PMID: 32054031 PMCID: PMC7072809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most malignant cancers around the world, with high morbidity and mortality. Metastasis is the leading cause of lung cancer deaths and treatment failure. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), two groups of small non-coding RNAs (nc-RNAs), are confirmed to be lung cancer oncogenes or suppressors. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) critically regulates lung cancer metastasis. In this review, we summarize the dual roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs in TGF-β signaling-regulated lung cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, migration, stemness, and metastasis. In addition, lncRNAs, competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) can act as miRNA sponges to suppress miRNAs, thereby mediating TGF-β signaling-regulated lung cancer invasion, migration, and metastasis. Through this review, we hope to cast light on the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs and lncRNAs in TGF-β signaling-regulated lung cancer metastasis and provide new insights for lung cancer treatment.
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149
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Konoshenko MY, Lekchnov EA, Bryzgunova OE, Zaporozhchenko IA, Yarmoschuk SV, Pashkovskaya OA, Pak SV, Laktionov PP. The Panel of 12 Cell-Free MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Prostate Neoplasms. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10010038. [PMID: 31936850 PMCID: PMC7168237 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a global biological, medical, and social issue aggravated by the lack of reliable, highly specific, and sensitive non-invasive tests for diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. One prospective source of biomarkers are the cell-free miRNAs present in various biological fluids. In the present study, we validated the diagnostic potential of cell-free miRNAs: miR-19b, miR-22, miR-92a, miR-378, miR-425, miR-30e, miR-31, miR-125b, miR-200b, miR-205, miR-375, and miR-660; we estimated the required sample size and the minimal miRNA set for a subsequent large-scale validation study. Relative expression of 12 miRNA combined in 31 ratios was investigated in three fractions of biological fluids (urine extracellular vesicles, clarified urine, and plasma) obtained from patients with prostate cancer (n = 10), benign prostate hyperplasia (n = 8), and healthy volunteers (n = 11). Eight of the miRNAs found in urine vesicles (miR-19b, miR-30e, miR-31, miR-92a, miR-125, miR-200, miR-205, and miR-660) showed great promise and when combined into six ratios (miR-125b/miR-30e, miR-200/miR-30e, miR-205/miR-30e, miR-31/miR-30e, miR-660/miR-30e, and miR-19b/miR-92a) could classify patients with prostate cancer, benign prostate hyperplasia, and healthy donors with 100% specificity, 100% sensitivity, and with a high degree of reliability for most donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Yu. Konoshenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +89529083390
| | - Evgeniy A. Lekchnov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga E. Bryzgunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan A. Zaporozhchenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Yarmoschuk
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oksana A. Pashkovskaya
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Pak
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel P. Laktionov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
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150
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Chandra S, Adeloju S. A new sensor for detecting microrna 133B (Parkinson’s disease biomarker). SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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