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Basa S, Nampally M, Honorato T, Das SN, Podile AR, El Gueddari NE, Moerschbacher BM. The Pattern of Acetylation Defines the Priming Activity of Chitosan Tetramers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1975-1986. [PMID: 31895979 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The biological activity of chitosans depends on their degree of polymerization (DP) and degree of acetylation (DA). However, information could also be carried by the pattern of acetylation (PA): the sequence of β-1,4-linked glucosamine (deacetylated/D) and N-acetylglucosamine (acetylated/A) units. To address this hypothesis, we prepared partially acetylated chitosan oligosaccharides from a chitosan polymer (DA = 35%, DPw = 905) using recombinant chitosan hydrolases with distinct substrate and cleavage specificities. The mixtures were separated into fractions DP4-DP12, which were tested for elicitor and priming activities in rice cells. We confirmed that both activities were influenced by DP, but also observed apparent DA-dependent priming activity, with the ADDD+DADD fraction proving remarkably effective. We then compared all four monoacetylated tetramers prepared using different chitin deacetylases and observed significant differences in priming activity. This demonstrates for the first time that PA influences the biological activity of chitosans, which can now be recognized as bona fide information-carrying molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Basa
- University of Münster , Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants , Schlossplatz 8 , 48143 Münster , Germany
| | - Malathi Nampally
- University of Münster , Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants , Schlossplatz 8 , 48143 Münster , Germany
| | - Talita Honorato
- University of Münster , Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants , Schlossplatz 8 , 48143 Münster , Germany
| | - Subha N Das
- University of Münster , Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants , Schlossplatz 8 , 48143 Münster , Germany.,University of Hyderabad , Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences , Hyderabad , India
| | - Appa R Podile
- University of Hyderabad , Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences , Hyderabad , India
| | - Nour E El Gueddari
- University of Münster , Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants , Schlossplatz 8 , 48143 Münster , Germany
| | - Bruno M Moerschbacher
- University of Münster , Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants , Schlossplatz 8 , 48143 Münster , Germany
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Sabourian P, Tavakolian M, Yazdani H, Frounchi M, van de Ven TG, Maysinger D, Kakkar A. Stimuli-responsive chitosan as an advantageous platform for efficient delivery of bioactive agents. J Control Release 2020; 317:216-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Dietary Supplementation with Chitosan Oligosaccharides Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Rats Challenged with Hydrogen Peroxide. Animals (Basel) 2019; 10:ani10010055. [PMID: 31888046 PMCID: PMC7022516 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oxidative stress adversely affects animal health and performance. Feed additives with antioxidant abilities supplementation can alleviate oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with COS alleviates the damage caused by oxidative stress in Sprague Dawley rats challenged with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The results shown that COS exhibited better radical scavenging capacity of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion (O2−), H2O2, and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) than butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA), increasing activity of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GSH, and T-AOC, as well as decreasing MDA level in serum, liver, spleen, and kidney. Our results indicated that COS can protect Sprague Dawley rats from H2O2 challenge by reducing lipid peroxidation and restoring antioxidant capacity. Abstract Oxidative stress is induced by excessive oxidative radicals, which directly react with biomolecules, and damage lipids, proteins and DNA, leading to cell or organ injury. Supplementation of antioxidants to animals can be an effective way to modulate the antioxidant system. Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) are the degraded products of chitosan or chitin, which has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-enhancing competency. Therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with COS alleviates the damage caused by oxidative stress in Sprague Dawley rats challenged with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The rats were randomly divided into three groups: CON, control group, in which rats were fed a basal diet with normal drinking water; AS, H2O2 group, in which rats were fed the basal diet and 0.1% H2O2 in the drinking water; ASC, AS + COS group, in which rats were fed the basal diet with 200 mg/kg COS, and with 0.1% H2O2 in the drinking water. In vitro, COS exhibited better radical scavenging capacity of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion (O2−), H2O2, and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) than butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA). In vivo, dietary supplementation with COS alleviated the H2O2-induced oxidative damage, evidenced by comparatively increasing activity of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GSH, and T-AOC, and comparatively decreasing level of MDA in serum, liver, spleen, and kidney. COS also comparatively alleviated the H2O2-induced inflammation. In conclusion, COS supplementation reduced lipid peroxidation and restored antioxidant capacity in Sprague Dawley rats, which were challenged with H2O2.
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Chitosan Oligosaccharides Protect Sprague Dawley Rats from Cyclic Heat Stress by Attenuation of Oxidative and Inflammation Stress. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121074. [PMID: 31816916 PMCID: PMC6940990 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Heat stress has negative effects on animal health and performance, and chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of COS alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response in heat-stressed rats. The results indicated heat stress decreased (p < 0.05) growth performance; the relative weight of spleen and kidney; and the level of antioxidant enzymes and IL-10 in liver, spleen, and kidney, while it increased (p < 0.05) the MDA and inflammatory cytokines concentration. Dietary COS supplementation enhanced (p < 0.05) ADG, the relative weight of spleen and kidney, and the level of antioxidant enzymes and IL-10 in liver, spleen, and kidney. Collectively, COS was beneficial to heat-stressed rats by alleviating oxidative damage and inflammatory response. Abstract Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of COS on antioxidant system and inflammatory response in heat-stressed rats. A total of 30 male rats were randomly divided to three groups and reared at either 24 °C or 35 °C for 4 h/d for this 7-day experiment: CON, control group with basal diet; HS, heat stress group with basal diet; HSC, heat stress with 200mg/kg COS supplementation. Compared with the CON group, HS significantly decreased (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG); average daily feed intake (ADFI); the relative weight of spleen and kidney; the level of liver CAT, GSH-Px, T-AOC, and IL-10; spleen SOD, GSH-Px, GSH, and IL-10; and kidney SOD, GSH-Px, T-AOC, and IL-10, while significantly increased the MDA concentration in liver, spleen, and kidney; the liver IL-1β concentration; and spleen and kidney IL-6 and TNF-α concentration. In addition, dietary COS supplementation significantly improved (p < 0.05) ADG; the relative weight of spleen and kidney; the level of liver GSH-Px, spleen GSH-Px, GSH, and IL-10; and kidney GSH-Px, while significantly decreased (p < 0.05) liver IL-1β concentration under heat stress condition. Collectively, COS was beneficial to heat-stressed rats by alleviating oxidative damage and inflammatory response.
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Electrospun chitosan/PVA/bioglass Nanofibrous membrane with spatially designed structure for accelerating chronic wound healing. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110083. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Li J, Wu X, Shi Q, Li C, Chen X. Effects of hydroxybutyl chitosan on improving immunocompetence and antibacterial activities. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110086. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Hendrijantini N, Rostiny R, Kuntjoro M, Sidharta K, Wiyono DSP, Anindyanari A, Salim S. The Effect of Combination Spirulina-chitosan on Angiogenesis, Osteoclast, and Osteoblast Cells in Socket Models of Hyperglycemic Rattus norvegicus. Contemp Clin Dent 2019; 9:582-586. [PMID: 31772467 PMCID: PMC6868613 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_617_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prolongation of the inflammatory process in hyperglycemic interferes with bone formation, inhibits the healing process, and triggers bone resorption. A combination of spirulina and chitosan in the tooth socket of Rattus norvegicus is expected to promote the bone remodeling process. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of spirulina and chitosan on angiogenesis, osteoclast, and osteoblast cell in tooth socket models of type 1 diabetes. Materials and Methods A laboratory-based experiment involving 36 R. norvegicus, divided into three groups (nondiabetes mellitus (DM), uncontrolled DM, and controlled DM) and further divided into six subgroups. The controlled groups (K1, K2, and K3) were induced with 3% carboxymethyl cellulose Na, while the treated groups were induced with 12% spirulina and 20% chitosan. On the 14th day, the mandibles of the rats were removed. The capillary lumen, osteoblasts, and osteoclast cells were counted by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal examination and the results analyzed by means of Shapiro-Wilk, Levene's, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference test. Results There was a significant increment in the number of capillary lumen, osteoblast cells, and a decrease in osteoclasts in all three treated groups (P1, P2, and P3). Conclusions A combination of spirulina and chitosan can effectively promote the healing process in postextraction sockets of type 1 DM R. norvegicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nike Hendrijantini
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Rostiny Rostiny
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mefina Kuntjoro
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Kent Sidharta
- Department of Undergraduate student, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Dea Syarafina Putri Wiyono
- Department of Undergraduate student, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Alocitta Anindyanari
- Department of Undergraduate student, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Sherman Salim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
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Alipour M, Bigdeli M, Aligholi H, Rasoulian B, Khaksarian M. Sustained release of silibinin‐loaded chitosan nanoparticle induced apoptosis in glioma cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:458-469. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Alipour
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center and Department of Physiology Lorestan University, of Medical Sciences Khorramabad Iran
| | - Mohammad Bigdeli
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
| | - Hadi Aligholi
- Department of Neuroscience School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Bahram Rasoulian
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center and Department of Physiology Lorestan University, of Medical Sciences Khorramabad Iran
| | - Mojtaba Khaksarian
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center and Department of Physiology Lorestan University, of Medical Sciences Khorramabad Iran
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109
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Naumenko E, Fakhrullin R. Halloysite Nanoclay/Biopolymers Composite Materials in Tissue Engineering. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1900055. [PMID: 31556237 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatible materials for the fabrication of tissue substitutes are crucially important in the advancement of modern medicinal biotechnology. These materials, to serve their function, should be similar in physical, chemical, biological, and structural properties to native tissues which they are aimed to mimic. The porosity of artificial scaffolds is essential for normal nutrient transmission to cells, gas diffusion, and cell attachment and proliferation. Nanoscale inorganic additives and dopants are widely used to improve the functional properties of the polymer materials for tissue engineering. Among these inorganic dopants, halloysite nanotubes are arguably the most perspective candidates because of their biocompatibility and functional properties allowing to enhance significantly the mechanical and chemical stability of tissue engineering scaffolds. Here, this vibrant field of biotechnology for regenerative medicine is overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Naumenko
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Rawil Fakhrullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
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Dario Rafael OH, Luis Fernándo ZG, Abraham PT, Pedro Alberto VL, Guadalupe GS, Pablo PJ. Production of chitosan-oligosaccharides by the chitin-hydrolytic system of Trichoderma harzianum and their antimicrobial and anticancer effects. Carbohydr Res 2019; 486:107836. [PMID: 31669568 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan-oligosaccharides (COS) are low-molecular weight chitosan derivatives with interesting clinical applications. The optimization of both COS production and purification is an important step in the design of an efficient production system and for the exploration of new COS applications. Trichoderma harzianum is an innocuous biocontrol agent that represents a novel biotechnological tool due to the production of extracellular enzymes, including those that produce a COS mixture. In this work, we propose different systems for the production of COS using the T. harzianum chitinolitic system. A complete qualitative and quantitative analysis of a partially purified COS mixture were performed. Also, an evaluation of the anticancer and antimicrobial effects of the COS mixture was carried out. Three chitosan variants (colloidal, solid and solution) and two fungus stages (spores and mycelia) were tested for COS production. The best system consisted of the interaction of the solid chitosan and the fungal spores, producing a COS mixture containing species from the monomer to the hexamer, in a concentration range of 7-238 mg/mL, according to chromatographic analysis. The proposed purification method isolated the monomer and the dimer from the COS mixture. Moreover, the COS mixture has an inhibitory effect on the growth of bacteria and changes the morphology of yeasts. As anticancer compounds, COS inhibited the growth of cervical cancer cells at concentration of 4 mg/mL and significantly reduced the survival rate of the cells. In conclusion, T. harzianum proved to be an efficient system for COS mixture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olicón-Hernández Dario Rafael
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Bioquímica. Laboratorio 7. Circuito Interior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria CP, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Zepeda-Giraud Luis Fernándo
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de bioquímica y biotecnología de hongos. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Santo Tomas, Miguel Hidalgo. CP, 11350, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Pedroza-Torres Abraham
- Cátedra CONACYT-Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario. Avenida San Fernando 22, Belisario Domínguez Secc XVI, CP, 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Vázquez-Landaverde Pedro Alberto
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Unidad Querétaro, Cerro Blanco 141. Colinas del Cimatario, CP 76090, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Guerra-Sánchez Guadalupe
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de bioquímica y biotecnología de hongos. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Santo Tomas, Miguel Hidalgo. CP, 11350, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Pardo Juan Pablo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Bioquímica. Laboratorio 7. Circuito Interior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria CP, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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111
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Xie X. Anti-tumor effect of chitin oligosaccharide plus cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7581-7590. [PMID: 31571909 PMCID: PMC6754620 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s220619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in human beings, and cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapy drug, but its clinical application is limited because of its dose-dependent toxicity and drug resistance. Chitin is known to have various biological activities including anti-tumor, but the insoluble feature in common solvents greatly restricts its application. Chitin oligosaccharide is a small water-soluble molecule degraded from chitin without any toxic effect. Methods Chitin oligosaccharide was adopted to investigate the effects on lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and tumor xenografts of nude mice. The experiments were divided into control group, chitin oligosaccharide group, cisplatin group and combination group. MTS assay, cell scratch test and migration assay were used to observe the proliferation and migration of A549 cells, and Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of caspase8, caspase3 and BAK. Ki67 and P53 expressions of tumor xenografts were detected to explore the effects of drugs on tumor prognosis. Results The results in vitro showed that chitin oligosaccharides could inhibit the proliferation and migration of A549 cells, and the effect was superior to chitin oligosaccharide or cisplatin when combined with cisplatin. Chitin oligosaccharide plus cisplatin up-regulated the expression level of caspase8 and caspase3, while had minor influence on the expression level of BAK. In vivo experiments showed that chitin oligosaccharide plus cisplatin could down-regulate the expression level of Ki67, while had minor influence on the expression level of P53. Conclusion The study demonstrated that chitin oligosaccharide plus cisplatin had positive synergistic effects, and it is possible to improve the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients by up-regulating the expression level of caspase8, caspase3 and down-regulating the expression level of Ki67.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Oncology Department, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Medical Examination Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhe Liu
- Oncology Department, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- Oncology Department, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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112
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Synthesis of glycoconjugate mimics by ‘click chemistry’. Carbohydr Res 2019; 484:107775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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113
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Masselin A, Petrelli A, Donzel M, Armand S, Cottaz S, Fort S. Unprecedented Affinity Labeling of Carbohydrate-Binding Proteins with s-Triazinyl Glycosides. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2332-2339. [PMID: 31403275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-protein interactions trigger a wide range of biological signaling pathways, the mainstays of physiological and pathological processes. However, there are an incredible number of carbohydrate-binding proteins (CBPs) that remain to be identified and characterized. This study reports for the first time the covalent labeling of CBPs by triazinyl glycosides, a new and promising class of affinity-based glycoprobes. Mono- and bis-clickable triazinyl glycosides were efficiently synthesized from unprotected oligosaccharides (chitinpentaose and 2'-fucosyl-lactose) in a single step. These molecules allow the specific covalent labeling of chitin-oligosaccharide-binding proteins (wheat germ agglutinin WGA and Bc ChiA1 D202A, an inactivated chitinase) and fucosyl-binding lectin (UEA-I), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Masselin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | | | - Maxime Donzel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Sylvie Armand
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Sylvain Cottaz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Sébastien Fort
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV , 38000 Grenoble , France
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114
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Chen Y, Qian J, Zhao C, Yang L, Ding J, Guo H. Preparation and evaluation of porous starch/chitosan composite cross-linking hemostatic. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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115
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Application of Chitosan in Bone and Dental Engineering. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24163009. [PMID: 31431001 PMCID: PMC6720623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24163009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a deacetylated polysaccharide from chitin, the natural biopolymer primarily found in shells of marine crustaceans and fungi cell walls. Upon deacetylation, the protonation of free amino groups of the d-glucosamine residues of chitosan turns it into a polycation, which can easily interact with DNA, proteins, lipids, or negatively charged synthetic polymers. This positive-charged characteristic of chitosan not only increases its solubility, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, but also directly contributes to the muco-adhesion, hemostasis, and antimicrobial properties of chitosan. Combined with its low-cost and economic nature, chitosan has been extensively studied and widely used in biopharmaceutical and biomedical applications for several decades. In this review, we summarize the current chitosan-based applications for bone and dental engineering. Combining chitosan-based scaffolds with other nature or synthetic polymers and biomaterials induces their mechanical properties and bioactivities, as well as promoting osteogenesis. Incorporating the bioactive molecules into these biocomposite scaffolds accelerates new bone regeneration and enhances neovascularization in vivo.
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116
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Farhadihosseinabadi B, Zarebkohan A, Eftekhary M, Heiat M, Moosazadeh Moghaddam M, Gholipourmalekabadi M. Crosstalk between chitosan and cell signaling pathways. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2697-2718. [PMID: 31030227 PMCID: PMC11105701 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering (TE) experiences its most exciting time in the current decade. Recent progresses in TE have made it able to translate into clinical applications. To regenerate damaged tissues, TE uses biomaterial scaffolds to prepare a suitable backbone for tissue regeneration. It is well proven that the cell-biomaterial crosstalk impacts tremendously on cell biological activities such as differentiation, proliferation, migration, and others. Clarification of exact biological effects and mechanisms of a certain material on various cell types promises to have a profound impact on clinical applications of TE. Chitosan (CS) is one of the most commonly used biomaterials with many promising characteristics such as biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, biodegradability, and others. In this review, we discuss crosstalk between CS and various cell types to provide a roadmap for more effective applications of this polymer for future uses in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Farhadihosseinabadi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Eftekhary
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Heiat
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ebrahimi Z, Khazaei MR, Ghanbari E, Khazaei M. Renal Tissue Damages and Its Antioxidant Status Improved by Crab Shell Extract in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rat. Adv Biomed Res 2019; 8:41. [PMID: 31360682 PMCID: PMC6621417 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_65_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy is a complex and multifactorial adverse effect of diabetes mellitus (DM). Crab shell as a natural product is supposed to have antioxidant effect which is one of the important mechanisms to improve DM. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of crab shell extract (CSE) on the histopathology and antioxidant status of kidney in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two adult Wistar rats (210 ± 10 g) were divided into six groups (n = 7). Streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) was administered interaperitonealy (IP) for inducing diabetes. Rats were treated for 14 days by CSE with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg doses IP. Fasting blood glucose, body, and renal weight were evaluated. The antioxidant status of kidney's tissue was evaluated by determining the level of ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Furthermore, urine samples were used to determine nitric oxide (NO) levels. Microscopic slides were prepared to compare kidney histology between groups. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey's test, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS CSE induced a significant reduction in blood glucose (P = 0.01) and a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (FRAP) (P = 0.004). Furthermore, urine NO was decreased significantly (P = 0.000). The extract improved renal tissue changes caused by diabetes. CONCLUSION CSE improved antioxidant status and diabetic histological changes of rat kidney, and it could be an alternative complementary therapy in diabetic-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Ebrahimi
- From the Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rasool Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elham Ghanbari
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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118
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Campuzano S, Pelling AE. Scaffolds for 3D Cell Culture and Cellular Agriculture Applications Derived From Non-animal Sources. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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119
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Improvement of the therapeutic treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases following rectal administration of mesalazine-loaded chitosan microparticles vs Asamax®. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 212:430-438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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120
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Doan CT, Tran TN, Nguyen VB, Nguyen AD, Wang SL. Production of a Thermostable Chitosanase from Shrimp Heads via Paenibacillus mucilaginosus TKU032 Conversion and its Application in the Preparation of Bioactive Chitosan Oligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17040217. [PMID: 30974812 PMCID: PMC6520834 DOI: 10.3390/md17040217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosanase has attracted great attention due to its potential applications in medicine, agriculture, and nutraceuticals. In this study, P. mucilaginosus TKU032, a bacterial strain isolated from Taiwanese soil, exhibited the highest chitosanase activity (0.53 U/mL) on medium containing shrimp heads as the sole carbon and nitrogen (C/N) source. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis, a chitosanase isolated from P. mucilaginosus TKU032 cultured on shrimp head medium was determined at approximately 59 kDa. The characterized chitosanase showed interesting properties with optimal temperature and thermal stability up to 70 °C. Three chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) fractions were isolated from hydrolyzed colloidal chitosan that was catalyzed by TKU032 chitosanase. Of these, fraction I showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitor (aGI) activity (65.86% at 20 mg/mL); its inhibitory mechanism followed the mixed noncompetitive inhibition model. Fractions II and III exhibited strong 2,2-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (79.00% at 12 mg/mL and 73.29% at 16 mg/mL, respectively). In summary, the COS fractions obtained by hydrolyzing colloidal chitosan with TKU032 chitosanase may have potential use in medical or nutraceutical fields due to their aGI and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Thang Doan
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam.
| | - Thi Ngoc Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam.
| | - Van Bon Nguyen
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam.
| | - Anh Dzung Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam.
| | - San-Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
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121
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Pokhrel S, Yadav PN. Functionalization of chitosan polymer and their applications. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2019.1581576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanta Pokhrel
- Department of Chemistry, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Paras Nath Yadav
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
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122
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Newton AMJ, Lakshmanan P. Comparative Efficacy of Chitosan, Pectin Based Mesalamine Colon Targeted Drug Delivery Systems on TNBS-induced IBD Model Rats. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:113-127. [PMID: 30657050 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190118112230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A number of natural polymer-based drug delivery systems targeting the colon are reported for different applications. Most of the research is based on the class of natural polymers such as polysaccharides. This study compares the anti-inflammatory effect of different polysaccharide based tablets on IBD when a drug carrier is targeted to the colon as matrix and coated systems. METHODS The TNBS induced IBD Wistar rats were used as a model for the study. The microscopic and macroscopic parameters were studied in detail. Almost all the important IBD parameters were reported in this work. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the polysaccharides are efficient in carrying the drugs to the colon. Reduction in the level of ulcer index (UI), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), and Malondialdehyde MDA, confirmed the inhibitory activity on the development of Reactive oxygen species (ROS). The increased level of Tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) an expression of colonic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was lowered in treatments as compared to TNBS control. CONCLUSION The different polymer-based mesalamine (DPBM) confirmed the efficient anti- inflammatory activity on IBD induced rats. The increased level of glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) also confirmed the effective anti-inflammatory effect. A significant decrease in the ulcer score and ulcer area was reported. The investigation revealed that chitosan is superior to pectin in IBD treatment likewise polysaccharide-based matrix systems are superior to the coated system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaldoss M J Newton
- Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India.,Swift School of Pharmacy, Rajpura, Punjab, India
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123
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Tabata E, Kashimura A, Uehara M, Wakita S, Sakaguchi M, Sugahara Y, Yurimoto T, Sasaki E, Matoska V, Bauer PO, Oyama F. High expression of acidic chitinase and chitin digestibility in the stomach of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), an insectivorous nonhuman primate. Sci Rep 2019; 9:159. [PMID: 30655565 PMCID: PMC6336882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin is a polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and a main constituent of insects' exoskeleton. Insects are rich in protein with high energy conversion efficiency. Recently, we have reported that acidic chitinases (Chia) act as digestive enzymes in mouse, pig and chicken (omnivorous) but not in dog (carnivorous) and bovine (herbivorous), indicating that feeding behavior affects Chia expression levels, and determines chitin digestibility in the particular animals. Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) belongs to New World monkey family and provides a potential bridge between mouse models and human diseases. Common marmoset is an insectivorous nonhuman primate with unknown expression levels and enzymatic functions of the Chia homologue, CHIA. Here, we report that common marmoset highly expresses pepsin-, trypsin- and chymotrypsin-resistant CHIA in the stomach. We show that CHIA is most active at pH 2.0 and degrades chitin and mealworm shells into GlcNAc dimers under gastrointestinal conditions. Although common marmoset and crab-eating monkey (Old World monkey) have two CHIA genes in their genomes, they primarily express one gene in the stomach. Thus, this study is the first to investigate expression levels and enzymatic functions of CHIA in a New World primate, contributing to the understanding of dietary adaptation and digestion in this taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Tabata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (DC1), Koujimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Akinori Kashimura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Maiko Uehara
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wakita
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Yasusato Sugahara
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Terumi Yurimoto
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Vaclav Matoska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, Roentgenova 37/2, Prague, 150 00, Czech Republic
| | - Peter O Bauer
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, Roentgenova 37/2, Prague, 150 00, Czech Republic.,Bioinova Ltd., Videnska 1083, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan.
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124
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Li T, Ding T, Li J. Medicinal Purposes: Bioactive Metabolites from Marine-derived Organisms. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:138-164. [PMID: 28969543 DOI: 10.2174/1389557517666170927113143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The environment of marine occupies about 95% biosphere of the world and it can be a critical source of bioactive compounds for humans to be explored. Special environment such as high salt, high pressure, low temperature, low nutrition and no light, etc. has made the production of bioactive substances different from terrestrial organisms. Natural ingredients secreted by marine-derived bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, Cyanobacteria and other organisms have been separated as active pharmacophore. A number of evidences have demonstrated that bioactive ingredients isolated from marine organisms can be other means to discover novel medicines, since enormous natural compounds from marine environment were specified to be anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, cytotoxic, cytostatic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral agents, etc. Although considerable progress is being made within the field of chemical synthesis and engineering biosynthesis of bioactive compounds, marine environment still remains the richest and the most diverse sources for new drugs. This paper reviewed the natural compounds discovered recently from metabolites of marine organisms, which possess distinct chemical structures that may form the basis for the synthesis of new drugs to combat resistant pathogens of human life. With developing sciences and technologies, marine-derived bioactive compounds are still being found, showing the hope of solving the problems of human survival and sustainable development of resources and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization (Dalian Minzu University), Ministry of Education, Dalian, Liaoning, 116600, China
| | - Ting Ding
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products; Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China
| | - Jianrong Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products; Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China
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125
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Marine Polysaccharides: Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Applications. SPRINGER SERIES IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8855-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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126
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Balakina AA, Mumyatova VA, Pliss EM, Terent’ev AA, Sen’ VD. Antioxidant properties of chitosan-(poly)nitroxides under induced oxidative stress. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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127
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‘Chitosan in water’ as an eco-friendly and efficient catalytic system for Knoevenagel condensation reaction. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 202:355-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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128
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Chitosan Oligosaccharides Improve Glucolipid Metabolism Disorder in Liver by Suppression of Obesity-Related Inflammation and Restoration of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ). Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16110455. [PMID: 30463189 PMCID: PMC6265870 DOI: 10.3390/md16110455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) display various biological activities. In this study, we aimed to explore the preventive effects of COS on glucolipid metabolism disorder using palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice as experimental models in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The results showed that COS pretreatment for 12 h significantly ameliorated lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells exposed to PA for 24 h, accompanied by a reversing of the upregulated mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α) and glucolipid metabolism-related regulators (SCD-1, ACC1, PCK1-α). In addition, COS treatment alleviated glucolipid metabolism disorder in mice fed with HFD for five months, including reduction in body weight and fasting glucose, restoration of intraperitoneal glucose tolerance, and suppression of overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines and glucolipid metabolism-related regulators. Furthermore, our study found that COS pretreatment significantly reversed the downregulation of PPARγ at transcriptional and translational levels in both PA-induced HepG2 cells and liver tissues of HFD-fed mice. In summary, the study suggests that COS can improve glucolipid metabolism disorder by suppressing inflammation and upregulating PPARγ expression. This indicates a novel application of COS in preventing and treating glucolipid metabolism-related diseases.
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129
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Sun T, Guo X, Zhong R, Ma L, Li H, Gu Z, Guan J, Tan H, You C, Tian M. Interactions of oligochitosan with blood components. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 124:304-313. [PMID: 30445093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oligochitosan (OCHI) is known to have some specific biological activities. However, its interactions with blood components and related correlation with molecular structures remains to be clarified due to its growing use in biomedical areas. Herein, a series of OCHI were prepared by hydrogen peroxide induced degradation combined fractionation in ethanol solutions and their molecular structures were characterized by GPC, FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR, and then the interactions of the prepared OCHI with blood components, including red blood cells (hemolysis, deformability, and aggregation), coagulation system, complement (C3a, and C5a activation), and platelet (activation, and aggregation), were investigated. For red blood cells, OCHI has a quite low risk of hemolysis in a dose- and MW-dependent manner and the deformability and aggregation were observed in its high MW fraction. The coagulation tests revealed that OCHI is capable of a mild anticoagulation through blocking the intrinsic pathway and the anticoagulation corresponding MW was identified. In terms of complement, OCHI could inhibit C3a in a dose-dependent manner and activate C5a with its high MW fraction. In addition, there is no significant effect of OCHI on platelet activation and aggregation. Based on above results, the interactions related mechanism was discussed and proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xi Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, PR China
| | - Lu Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Junwen Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Hong Tan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, PR China
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Meng Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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130
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Doan CT, Tran TN, Nguyen VB, Nguyen AD, Wang SL. Reclamation of Marine Chitinous Materials for Chitosanase Production via Microbial Conversion by Paenibacillus macerans. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E429. [PMID: 30400216 PMCID: PMC6265764 DOI: 10.3390/md16110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitinous materials from marine byproducts elicit great interest among biotechnologists for their potential biomedical or agricultural applications. In this study, four kinds of marine chitinous materials (squid pens, shrimp heads, demineralized shrimp shells, and demineralized crab shells) were used to screen the best source for producing chitosanase by Paenibacillus macerans TKU029. Among them, the chitosanase activity was found to be highest in the culture using the medium containing squid pens as the sole carbon/nitrogen (C/N) source. A chitosanase which showed molecular weights at 63 kDa was isolated from P. macerans cultured on a squid pens medium. The purified TKU029 chitosanase exhibited optimum activity at 60 °C and pH 7, and was stable at temperatures under 50 °C and pH 3-8. An analysis by MALDI-TOF MS revealed that the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) obtained from the hydrolysis of water-soluble chitosan by TKU029 crude enzyme showed various degrees of polymerization (DP), varying from 3⁻6. The obtained COS enhanced the growth of four lactic acid bacteria strains but exhibited no effect on the growth of E. coli. By specialized growth enhancing effects, the COS produced from hydrolyzing water soluble chitosan with TKU029 chitinolytic enzymes could have potential for use in medicine or nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Thang Doan
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam.
| | - Thi Ngoc Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam.
| | - Van Bon Nguyen
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam.
| | - Anh Dzung Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam.
| | - San-Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
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131
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Qin X, Emich J, Goycoolea FM. Assessment of the Quorum Sensing Inhibition Activity of a Non-Toxic Chitosan in an N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone (AHL)-Based Escherichia coli Biosensor. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E87. [PMID: 30181497 PMCID: PMC6164843 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
New approaches to deal with drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria are urgent. We studied the antibacterial effect of chitosans against an Escherichia coli quorum sensing biosensor reporter strain and selected a non-toxic chitosan to evaluate its quorum sensing (QS) inhibition activity and its effect on bacterial aggregation. To this end, chitosans of varying degree of acetylation (DA) (12 to 69%) and molecular weight (Mw) (29 to 288 kDa) were studied. Only chitosans of low DA (~12%) inhibited bacterial growth, regardless of their Mw. A chitosan with medium degree of polymerization (named MDP) DA30, with experimental DA 42% and Mw 115 kDa was selected for further QS inhibition and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging studies. MDP DA30 chitosan exhibited QS inhibition activity in an inverse dose-dependent manner (≤12.5 µg/mL). SEM images revealed that this chitosan, when added at low concentration (≤30.6 µg/mL), induced substantial bacterial aggregation, whereas at high concentration (234.3 µg/mL), it did not. Aggregation explains the QS inhibition activity as the consequence of retardation of the diffusion of N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Qin
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany.
| | - Jana Emich
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany.
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Münster, Vesaliusweg 12-14, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Francisco M Goycoolea
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany.
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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132
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Pesoa JI, Rico MJ, Rozados VR, Scharovsky OG, Luna JA, Mengatto LN. Paclitaxel delivery system based on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles and chitosan thermo-sensitive gel for mammary adenocarcinoma treatment. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:1494-1502. [PMID: 30182425 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the combination of more than one release system in the same formulation as a useful strategy to achieve paclitaxel delivery in a more sustained and controlled manner. METHODS The present study deals with the preparation of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles loaded with paclitaxel and included in a chitosan thermo-sensitive gelling solution. The microparticles were characterized by their size, shape and drug loading. The formulation was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, in vitro release experiments and was evaluated in mice bearing mammary adenocarcinoma. KEY FINDINGS The formation of paclitaxel crystals in a pharmaceutical formulation reduces its efficacy. In this work, the use of microparticles avoided this phenomenon. Combining more than one delivery system allowed delivering paclitaxel in a more sustained and controlled manner leading to a long-term effect in the site of action. The formulation showed an inhibition in tumour volume of 63.0% in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSIONS One intratumour injection of gelling solution containing the microparticles was at least as efficacious as four intraperitoneal injections of a commercial formulation. In addition, the delivery system was nontoxic, and the treated mice presented the highest percentage of tumour regression and median survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Pesoa
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María J Rico
- Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Viviana R Rozados
- Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina
| | - O Graciela Scharovsky
- Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Julio A Luna
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luciano N Mengatto
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
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133
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Elieh Ali Komi D, Sharma L, Dela Cruz CS. Chitin and Its Effects on Inflammatory and Immune Responses. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018; 54:213-223. [PMID: 28251581 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, a potential allergy-promoting pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), is a linear polymer composed of N-acetylglucosamine residues which are linked by β-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds. Mammalians are potential hosts for chitin-containing protozoa, fungi, arthropods, and nematodes; however, mammalians themselves do not synthetize chitin and thus it is considered as a potential target for recognition by mammalian immune system. Chitin is sensed primarily in the lungs or gut where it activates a variety of innate (eosinophils, macrophages) and adaptive immune cells (IL-4/IL-13 expressing T helper type-2 lymphocytes). Chitin induces cytokine production, leukocyte recruitment, and alternative macrophage activation. Intranasal or intraperitoneal administration of chitin (varying in size, degree of acetylation and purity) to mice has been applied as a routine approach to investigate chitin's priming effects on innate and adaptive immunity. Structural chitin present in microorganisms is actively degraded by host true chitinases, including acidic mammalian chitinases and chitotriosidase into smaller fragments that can be sensed by mammalian receptors such as FIBCD1, NKR-P1, and RegIIIc. Immune recognition of chitin also involves pattern recognition receptors, mainly via TLR-2 and Dectin-1, to activate immune cells to induce cytokine production and creation of an immune network that results in inflammatory and allergic responses. In this review, we will focus on various immunological aspects of the interaction between chitin and host immune system such as sensing, interactions with immune cells, chitinases as chitin degrading enzymes, and immunologic applications of chitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Elieh Ali Komi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, East Azerbayjan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, East Azerbayjan, Iran
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, TACS441D, USA.
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134
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Competitive Biological Activities of Chitosan and Its Derivatives: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. INT J POLYM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/1708172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is obtained from alkaline deacetylation of chitin, and acetamide groups are transformed into primary amino groups during the deacetylation. The diverse biological activities of chitosan and its derivatives are extensively studied that allows to widening the application fields in various sectors especially in biomedical science. The biological properties of chitosan are strongly depending on the solubility in water and other solvents. Deacetylation degree (DDA) and molecular weight (MW) are the most decisive parameters on the bioactivities since the primary amino groups are the key functional groups of chitosan where permits to interact with other molecules. Higher DDA and lower MW of chitosan and chitosan derivatives demonstrated higher antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer capacities. Therefore, the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) with a low polymerization degree are receiving a great attention in medical and pharmaceutical applications as they have higher water solubility and lower viscosity than chitosan. In this review articles, the antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory activities of chitosan and its derivatives are highlighted. The influences of physicochemical parameters of chitosan like DDA and MW on bioactivities are also described.
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135
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Krolicka M, Hinz SWA, Koetsier MJ, Eggink G, van den Broek LAM, Boeriu CG. β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase MthNAG from Myceliophthora thermophila C1, a thermostable enzyme for production of N-acetylglucosamine from chitin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7441-7454. [PMID: 29943052 PMCID: PMC6097783 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thermostable enzymes are a promising alternative for chemical catalysts currently used for the production of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from chitin. In this study, a novel thermostable β-N-acetylglucosaminidase MthNAG was cloned and purified from the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila C1. MthNAG is a protein with a molecular weight of 71 kDa as determined with MALDI-TOF-MS. MthNAG has the highest activity at 50 °C and pH 4.5. The enzyme shows high thermostability above the optimum temperature: at 55 °C (144 h, 75% activity), 60 °C (48 h, 85% activity; half-life 82 h), and 70 °C (24 h, 33% activity; half-life 18 h). MthNAG releases GlcNAc from chitin oligosaccharides (GlcNAc)2–5, p-nitrophenol derivatives of chitin oligosaccharides (GlcNAc)1–3-pNP, and the polymeric substrates swollen chitin and soluble chitosan. The highest activity was detected towards (GlcNAc)2. MthNAG released GlcNAc from the non-reducing end of the substrate. We found that MthNAG and Chitinase Chi1 from M. thermophila C1 synergistically degraded swollen chitin and released GlcNAc in concentration of approximately 130 times higher than when only MthNAG was used. Therefore, chitinase Chi1 and MthNAG have great potential in the industrial production of GlcNAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Krolicka
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Gerrit Eggink
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carmen G Boeriu
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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136
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Kong SZ, Li JC, Li SD, Liao MN, Li CP, Zheng PJ, Guo MH, Tan WX, Zheng ZH, Hu Z. Anti-Aging Effect of Chitosan Oligosaccharide on d-Galactose-Induced Subacute Aging in Mice. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16060181. [PMID: 29794973 PMCID: PMC6025514 DOI: 10.3390/md16060181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a natural polysaccharide with good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is the depolymerized product of chitosan possessing various biological activities. The present study was designed to investigate the possible anti-aging effect of COS on the aging model mouse induced by d-galactose (d-gal) and explore the underlying mechanism. In the experiment, 48 male Kunming mice (KM mice) were randomly divided into the normal group, model group, positive group, and low-medium-high dose polysaccharide groups (300, 600, 1200 mg/kg/day). The results showed that COS, by intragastric gavage after subcutaneous injection of d-gal (250 mg/kg/day) into the neck of mice consecutively for eight weeks, gradually recovered the body weight, the activity of daily living, and organ indices of mice, as well as effectively ameliorated the histological deterioration of the liver and kidney in mice triggered by d-gal. To be specific, COS obviously improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes in liver and kidney of KM mice, including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels when compared with those in model group mice. Furthermore, COS not only elevated the diminished levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM induced by d-gal, but also significantly inhibited the d-gal-caused upregulation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), uric acid (UA) and creatinine (CREA) levels as compared with those of mice in the model group. These results demonstrate that COS has an obvious anti-aging activity in d-gal-induced subacute aging mice, the mechanism of which, to some extent, is associated with enhancing the antioxidant defenses, reducing oxidative stress, and improving the immune function of aging model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Zhi Kong
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Si-Dong Li
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Ming-Neng Liao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Cheng-Peng Li
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Pin-Jin Zheng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Min-Hui Guo
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Wei-Xiang Tan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Zhao-Hui Zheng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Zhang Hu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
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137
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Noda M, Sugimoto S, Hayashi I, Danshiitsoodol N, Fukamachi M, Sugiyama M. A novel structure of exopolysaccharide produced by a plant-derived lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus paracasei IJH-SONE68. J Biochem 2018; 164:87-92. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Noda
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine
| | | | - Ikue Hayashi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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138
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Recombinant batroxobin-coated nonwoven chitosan as hemostatic dressing for initial hemorrhage control. Int J Biol Macromol 2018. [PMID: 29514041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The choice of hemostat is determined by the situation and the degree of hemorrhage. One common hemostat, the nonwoven dressing, is easy to handled and controls severe bleeding on wider wounds. In this study, chitosan-based nonwoven dressings with recombinant batroxobin (rBat) were used as efficacious hemostatic dressing agents. Hemostatic agents need to absorb blood quickly in the early stages of blood coagulation cascade to rapidly and effectively control of excessive hemorrhages. To date, most studies of hemostatic agents focused on a single material and hemostats composed of multiple materials have not been studied sufficiently. Thus, we made a chitosan dressing coated with rBat and investigated the microstructure, mechanical properties, hemostatic efficacy, and clotting properties of the coated dressing. Our results showed that the rBat had a synergetic effect on chitosan that improved blood coagulation. Furthermore, the dressing had excellent bleeding control in an Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat femoral artery hemorrhage model. In conclusion, hemostasis can be improved by combining a chitosan-based nonwoven dressing with other agents, and rBat-coated chitosan-based nonwoven dressings have enormous potential to improve blood coagulation.
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139
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Krolicka M, Hinz SWA, Koetsier MJ, Joosten R, Eggink G, van den Broek LAM, Boeriu CG. Chitinase Chi1 from Myceliophthora thermophila C1, a Thermostable Enzyme for Chitin and Chitosan Depolymerization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1658-1669. [PMID: 29359934 PMCID: PMC5847117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A thermostable Chitinase Chi1 from Myceliophthora thermophila C1 was homologously produced and characterized. Chitinase Chi1 shows high thermostability at 40 °C (>140 h 90% activity), 50 °C (>168 h 90% activity), and 55 °C (half-life 48 h). Chitinase Chi1 has broad substrate specificity and converts chitin, chitosan, modified chitosan, and chitin oligosaccharides. The activity of Chitinase Chi1 is strongly affected by the degree of deacetylation (DDA), molecular weight (Mw), and side chain modification of chitosan. Chitinase Chi1 releases mainly (GlcNAc)2 from insoluble chitin and chito-oligosaccharides with a polymerization degree (DP) ranging from 2 to 12 from chitosan, in a processive way. Chitinase Chi1 shows higher activity toward chitin oligosaccharides (GlcNAc)4-6 than toward (GlcNAc)3 and is inactive for (GlcNAc)2. During hydrolysis, oligosaccharides bind at subsites -2 to +2 in the enzyme's active site. Chitinase Chi1 can be used for chitin valorisation and for production of chitin- and chito-oligosaccharides at industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Krolicka
- Department
of Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rob Joosten
- DuPont
Industrial Biosciences, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Eggink
- Department
of Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen
Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carmen G. Boeriu
- Wageningen
Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- E-mail: . Phone: +31 317 480168
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140
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Zheng J, Cheng G, Li Q, Jiao S, Feng C, Zhao X, Yin H, Du Y, Liu H. Chitin Oligosaccharide Modulates Gut Microbiota and Attenuates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Mice. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16020066. [PMID: 29463060 PMCID: PMC5852494 DOI: 10.3390/md16020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has been proved to be an indispensable link between nutrient excess and metabolic syndrome, and chitin oligosaccharide (NACOS) has displayed therapeutic effects on multiple diseases such as cancer and gastritis. In this study, we aim to confirm whether NACOS can ameliorate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome by rebuilding the structure of the gut microbiota community. Male C57BL/6J mice fed with HFD were treated with NACOS (1 mg/mL) in drinking water for five months. The results indicate that NACOS improved glucose metabolic disorder in HFD-fed mice and suppressed mRNA expression of the protein regulators related to lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, adipocyte differentiation, and inflammation in adipose tissues. Additionally, NACOS inhibited the destruction of the gut barrier in HFD-treated mice. Furthermore, 16S ribosome RNA sequencing of fecal samples demonstrates that NACOS promoted the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria remarkably and decreased the abundance of inflammogenic taxa. In summary, NACOS partly rebuilt the microbial community and improved the metabolic syndrome of HFD-fed mice. These data confirm the preventive effects of NACOS on nutrient excess-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Zheng
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Gong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Qiongyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Siming Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Cui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Heng Yin
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Hongtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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141
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Gupta MR, Thakur K, Khare NK. L-Proline/CeCl 3·7H 2O-NaI mediated stereoselective synthesis of α-2-deoxy glycosides from glucal. Carbohydr Res 2018; 457:51-55. [PMID: 29422121 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glucal with different alcohols can be converted into the corresponding 2-deoxy glycosides without Ferrier rearrangement in high yield by treatment with eco friendly transition metal based catalysts [CuCl3·2H2O-NaI (A) or CeCl3·7H2O-NaI (B)] and chiral amine ligand L-proline at various reaction conditions which were optimized for stereoselectivity. The catalyst CeCl3·7H2O-NaI (B) and ligand L-proline in toluene, was found to be much more efficient and high atom economic for the stereoselective glycosidation of propargyl alcohol with glucal, afforded exclusively α-2-deoxy propargyl glycoside in 98% optimized yield. The ligand L-proline was used for the first time in stereoselective glycosidation of α-2-deoxy glycosides involving glucal and alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul R Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Kratima Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Naveen K Khare
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
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142
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Katano H, Takakuwa M, Hayakawa H, Kimoto H. Determination of Chitin Based on the Colorimetric Assay of Glucosamine in Acidic Hydrolysate. ANAL SCI 2018; 32:701-3. [PMID: 27302593 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A colorimetric method for the glucosamine (GlcN) assay was applied for the determination of chitin, which can be hydrolyzed to produce GlcN. A 10-mg sample was mixed with 10 mL of a 5 mol/L HCl aqueous solution, and the mixture was kept at 100°C for 12 h. Under these conditions, chitin was completely depolymerized and deacetylated to produce GlcN, even when the sample was a crab shell. A 20-μL aliquot of the hydrolysate was mixed with 20 μL of a 5 mol/L NaOH aqueous solution and 200 μL of a 50 mmol/L Na2SiO3, 600 mmol/L Na2MoO4, 1.5 mol/L CH3COOH and 30% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide solution. The mixture was kept at 70°C for 30 min. In the mixture, GlcN reduced the Mo(VI) species to form a blue molybdosilicate anion, which gave an absorbance maximum at around 750 nm. Since N-acetylglucosamine and chitin oligosaccharides could not render the reaction mixture blue, GlcN in the hydrolysate could be assayed colorimetrically with high selectivity. When a standard chitin sample was examined, the GlcN concentration in the hydrolysate was determined to be 0.97 ± 0.02 g/L (as hydrochloride salt), indicating that the sample contained 10.0 ± 0.2 mg chitin (as an N-acetylglucosamine homopolymer). Calcium cation, amino acids, and proteins did not interfere with the GlcN assay. Thus, the proposed method was successfully applied to determine chitin in a crab shell sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Katano
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University
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143
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Zou P, Yuan S, Yang X, Zhai X, Wang J. Chitosan oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization 2–6 induces apoptosis in human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 279:129-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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144
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Halder SK, Mondal KC. Microbial Valorization of Chitinous Bioresources for Chitin Extraction and Production of Chito-Oligomers and N-Acetylglucosamine: Trends, Perspectives and Prospects. Microb Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7140-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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145
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Schubert J, Chanana M. Coating Matters: Review on Colloidal Stability of Nanoparticles with Biocompatible Coatings in Biological Media, Living Cells and Organisms. Curr Med Chem 2018; 25:4553-4586. [PMID: 29852857 PMCID: PMC7040520 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180601101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Within the last two decades, the field of nanomedicine has not developed as successfully as has widely been hoped for. The main reason for this is the immense complexity of the biological systems, including the physico-chemical properties of the biological fluids as well as the biochemistry and the physiology of living systems. The nanoparticles' physicochemical properties are also highly important. These differ profoundly from those of freshly synthesized particles when applied in biological/living systems as recent research in this field reveals. The physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles are predefined by their structural and functional design (core and coating material) and are highly affected by their interaction with the environment (temperature, pH, salt, proteins, cells). Since the coating material is the first part of the particle to come in contact with the environment, it does not only provide biocompatibility, but also defines the behavior (e.g. colloidal stability) and the fate (degradation, excretion, accumulation) of nanoparticles in the living systems. Hence, the coating matters, particularly for a nanoparticle system for biomedical applications, which has to fulfill its task in the complex environment of biological fluids, cells and organisms. In this review, we evaluate the performance of different coating materials for nanoparticles concerning their ability to provide colloidal stability in biological media and living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schubert
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Nanostructured Materials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Dresden, Germany and Department of Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;E-mails: ;
| | - Munish Chanana
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Nanostructured Materials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Dresden, Germany and Department of Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;E-mails: ;
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146
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Kuznetsova VS, Vasilyev AV, Grigoriev TE, Zagoskin YD, Chvalun SN, Buharova TB, Goldshtein DV, Kulakov AA. [The prospects of hydrogels usage as a basis for curable osteoplastic materials]. STOMATOLOGII︠A︡ 2017; 96:68-74. [PMID: 29260770 DOI: 10.17116/stomat201796668-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The article deals with the main types of the polymers used in hydrogel preparation. Their biological, physical and chemical properties was compared. Ways of polymers hardening and prospects of medical application were considered. The prospect of use of chitosan hydrogels activated by osteoinductors as a material for bone augmentation were concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Kuznetsova
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Vasilyev
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia; Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - T B Buharova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - A A Kulakov
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
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147
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Kong SZ, Li DD, Luo H, Li WJ, Huang YM, Li JC, Hu Z, Huang N, Guo MH, Chen Y, Li SD. Anti-photoaging effects of chitosan oligosaccharide in ultraviolet-irradiated hairless mouse skin. Exp Gerontol 2017; 103:27-34. [PMID: 29275159 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skin photoaging (SP) is a premature skin-aging damage after repeated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, mainly characterized by oxidative stress and inflammatory disequilibrium, which makes skin show the typical symptoms of photoaging such as coarse wrinkling, dryness, irregular pigmentation and laxity. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a natural polysaccharide with good humectant property, is the depolymerized product of chitosan with various biological activities, among which the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects have been frequently reported in recent years. However, no existing invivo study indicates whether COS has direct protective effect on UV-induced SP. In the current research, we investigated the potential preventive effect of COS against UV-caused damage in hairless mouse dorsal skin. The data showed that COS, by topical application after each UV-radiation for 10weeks, effectively inhibited the undesirable changes on the skin induced by UV. To be specific, COS obviously alleviated the macroscopic and histopathological damages of mice skin, via mitigating the disrupted collagenous fibers, as well as improving the relative content of type I collagen and the amount of total collagen. Furthermore, COS effectively inhibited the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and markedly improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT), as well as the content of skin hydroxyproline and moisture. These findings demonstrated that this natural polysaccharide attenuated UV-induced SP, at least in part, by virtue of favorable regulation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status, which presumably worked in concert to maintain the morphology and level of dermal collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Zhi Kong
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Dong-Dong Li
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Wen-Jie Li
- Affiliated hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | | | - Ji-Cheng Li
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhang Hu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Na Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Min-Hui Guo
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Si-Dong Li
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
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148
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Ahmadi F, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Ghasemi S, Gholamitabar Tabari M, Pourbagher R, Kazemi S, Alinejad-Mir A. Induction of apoptosis in HeLa cancer cells by an ultrasonic-mediated synthesis of curcumin-loaded chitosan-alginate-STPP nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:8545-8556. [PMID: 29238191 PMCID: PMC5716671 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s146516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural herbal compounds have been widely introduced as an alternative therapeutic approach in cancer therapy. Despite potent anticancer activity of curcumin, its clinical application has been limited because of low water solubility and resulting poor bioavailability. In this study, we designed a novel ultrasonic-assisted method for the synthesis of curcumin-loaded chitosan–alginate–sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (CS-ALG-STPP NPs). Furthermore, antitumor effect of curcumin-loaded NPs was evaluated in vitro. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the properties of NPs. Antitumor activity of curcumin-loaded NPs was assessed by using MTT and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). FE-SEM and AFM data revealed the spherical morphology, and the average size of NPs was <50 nm. In vitro cytotoxicity assay suggested that curcumin-loaded CS-ALG-STPP NPs displayed significant antitumor activity compared with the free curcumin. Gene expression level analyses showed that curcumin NPs significantly increased the apoptotic gene expression. Collectively, our results suggest that curcumin-loaded NPs significantly suppressed proliferation and promoted the induction of apoptosis in human cervical epithelioid carcinoma cancer cells, which might be regarded as an effective alternative strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences
| | - Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center.,Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Shahram Ghasemi
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | | | | | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Alinejad-Mir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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149
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Jiang Y, Fu C, Wu S, Liu G, Guo J, Su Z. Determination of the Deacetylation Degree of Chitooligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15110332. [PMID: 29068401 PMCID: PMC5706022 DOI: 10.3390/md15110332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The methods for determination of chitosan content recommended in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the European Pharmacopoeia are not applicable for evaluation of the extent of deacetylation (deacetylation degree, DD) in chitooligosaccharides (COS). This study explores two different methods for assessment of DD in COS having relatively high and low molecular weights: an acid-base titration with bromocresol green indicator and a first order derivative UV spectrophotometric method for assessment of DD in COS. The accuracy of both methods as a function of molecular weight was also investigated and compared to results obtained using ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Our study demonstrates two simple, fast, widely adaptable, highly precise, accurate, and inexpensive methods for the effective determination of DD in COS, which have the potential for widespread commercial applications in developing country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chuhan Fu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Sihui Wu
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational Technical School, Guangzhou 510663, China.
| | - Guihua Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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150
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Tabata E, Kashimura A, Wakita S, Ohno M, Sakaguchi M, Sugahara Y, Imamura Y, Seki S, Ueda H, Matoska V, Bauer PO, Oyama F. Protease resistance of porcine acidic mammalian chitinase under gastrointestinal conditions implies that chitin-containing organisms can be sustainable dietary resources. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12963. [PMID: 29021549 PMCID: PMC5636921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin, a polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), is a major structural component in chitin-containing organism including crustaceans, insects and fungi. Mammals express two chitinases, chitotriosidase (Chit1) and acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase). Here, we report that pig AMCase is stable in the presence of other digestive proteases and functions as chitinolytic enzyme under the gastrointestinal conditions. Quantification of chitinases expression in pig tissues using quantitative real-time PCR showed that Chit1 mRNA was highly expressed in eyes, whereas the AMCase mRNA was predominantly expressed in stomach at even higher levels than the housekeeping genes. AMCase purified from pig stomach has highest activity at pH of around 2–4 and remains active at up to pH 7.0. It was resistant to robust proteolytic activities of pepsin at pH 2.0 and trypsin and chymotrypsin at pH 7.6. AMCase degraded polymeric chitin substrates including mealworm shells to GlcNAc dimers. Furthermore, we visualized chitin digestion of fly wings by endogenous AMCase and pepsin in stomach extract. Thus, pig AMCase can function as a protease resistant chitin digestive enzyme at broad pH range present in stomach as well as in the intestine. These results indicate that chitin-containing organisms may be a sustainable feed ingredient in pig diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Tabata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Akinori Kashimura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wakita
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Misa Ohno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Yasusato Sugahara
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Yasutada Imamura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Shiro Seki
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ueda
- Department of Integrative Biology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Vaclav Matoska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, Roentgenova 37/2, Prague, 150 00, Czech Republic
| | - Peter O Bauer
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, Roentgenova 37/2, Prague, 150 00, Czech Republic.,Bioinova Ltd., Videnska 1083, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan.
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