101
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Yan M, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Zhang C, Zhang J, Fan S, Yang Z. Catalytic Hydrolysis Mechanism of Cocaine by Human Carboxylesterase 1: An Orthoester Intermediate Slows Down the Reaction. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224057. [PMID: 31717501 PMCID: PMC6891567 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human carboxylesterase 1 (hCES1) is a major carboxylesterase in the human body and plays important roles in the metabolism of a wide variety of substances, including lipids and drugs, and therefore is attracting more and more attention from areas including lipid metabolism, pharmacokinetics, drug–drug interactions, and prodrug activation. In this work, we studied the catalytic hydrolysis mechanism of hCES1 by the quantum mechanics computation method, using cocaine as a model substrate. Our results support the four-step theory of the esterase catalytic hydrolysis mechanism, in which both the acylation stage and the deacylation stage include two transition states and a tetrahedral intermediate. The roles and cooperation of the catalytic triad, S221, H468, and E354, were also analyzed in this study. Moreover, orthoester intermediates were found in hCES1-catalyzed cocaine hydrolysis reaction, which significantly elevate the free energy barrier and slow down the reaction. Based on this finding, we propose that hCES1 substrates with β-aminocarboxylester structure might form orthoester intermediates in hCES1-catalyzed hydrolysis, and therefore prolong their in vivo half-life. Thus, this study helps to clarify the catalytic mechanism of hCES1 and elucidates important details of its catalytic process, and furthermore, provides important insights into the metabolism of hCES1 substrates and drug designing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maocai Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276800, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (Z.Y.); Tel.: +86-(633)-2983781 (M.Y.); +86-(10)-63165283 (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Jingchang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Shuai Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhaoyong Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (Z.Y.); Tel.: +86-(633)-2983781 (M.Y.); +86-(10)-63165283 (Z.Y.)
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102
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Takahashi M, Takani D, Haba M, Hosokawa M. Investigation of the chiral recognition ability of human carboxylesterase 1 using indomethacin esters. Chirality 2019; 32:73-80. [PMID: 31693270 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daisuke Takani
- Faculty of PhramacyChiba Institute of Science Chiba Japan
| | - Masami Haba
- Faculty of PhramacyChiba Institute of Science Chiba Japan
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103
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Zhou Q, Xiao Q, Zhang Y, Wang X, Xiao Y, Shi D. Pig liver esterases PLE1 and PLE6: heterologous expression, hydrolysis of common antibiotics and pharmacological consequences. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15564. [PMID: 31664043 PMCID: PMC6820543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylesterases, historically referred as non-specific esterases, are ubiquitous hydrolases with high catalytic efficiency. Without exceptions, all mammalian species studied contain multiple forms of carboxylesterases. While having been widely studied in humans and experimental animals, these enzymes remain to be characterized in farm animals. In this study, we showed that pig liver esterase 1 (PLE1) and pig liver esterase 6 (PLE6) were highly active toward amoxicillin (AMO) and ampicillin (AMP), two major antibiotics that are widely used in food-supplements. Mass-spectrometric analysis established that the hydrolysis occurred at the β-lactam amide bond and the hydrolysis drastically decreased or completely eliminated the antibacterial activity. Furthermore, hydrolytic activity and proteomic analysis suggested that trace PLEs existed in pig plasma and contributed little to the hydrolysis of AMO and AMP. These results suggested that carboxylesterases-based hydrolysis determines the therapeutic intensity of these and related antibiotics and the magnitude of the determination occurs in a species-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agricultural, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qiling Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agricultural, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agricultural, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agricultural, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yuncai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agricultural, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Deshi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agricultural, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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104
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Khan AA, Yurkovetskiy L, O'Grady K, Pickard JM, de Pooter R, Antonopoulos DA, Golovkina T, Chervonsky A. Polymorphic Immune Mechanisms Regulate Commensal Repertoire. Cell Rep 2019; 29:541-550.e4. [PMID: 31618625 PMCID: PMC6904226 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental influences (infections and diet) strongly affect a host's microbiota. However, host genetics may influence commensal communities, as suggested by the greater similarity between the microbiomes of identical twins compared to non-identical twins. Variability of human genomes and microbiomes complicates the understanding of polymorphic mechanisms regulating the commensal communities. Whereas animal studies allow genetic modifications, they are sensitive to influences known as "cage" or "legacy" effects. Here, we analyze ex-germ-free mice of various genetic backgrounds, including immunodeficient and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) congenic strains, receiving identical input microbiota. The host's polymorphic mechanisms affect the gut microbiome, and both innate (anti-microbial peptides, complement, pentraxins, and enzymes affecting microbial survival) and adaptive (MHC-dependent and MHC-independent) pathways influence the microbiota. In our experiments, polymorphic mechanisms regulate only a limited number of microbial lineages (independently of their abundance). Our comparative analyses suggest that some microbes may benefit from the specific immune responses that they elicit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly A Khan
- Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Leonid Yurkovetskiy
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kelly O'Grady
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Joseph M Pickard
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Renée de Pooter
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dionysios A Antonopoulos
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Tatyana Golovkina
- Committee on Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Alexander Chervonsky
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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105
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Makhaeva GF, Elkina NA, Shchegolkov EV, Boltneva NP, Lushchekina SV, Serebryakova OG, Rudakova EV, Kovaleva NV, Radchenko EV, Palyulin VA, Burgart YV, Saloutin VI, Bachurin SO, Richardson RJ. Synthesis, molecular docking, and biological evaluation of 3-oxo-2-tolylhydrazinylidene-4,4,4-trifluorobutanoates bearing higher and natural alcohol moieties as new selective carboxylesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 91:103097. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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106
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Mukherjee S, Choi M, Yun JW. Novel regulatory roles of carboxylesterase 3 in lipid metabolism and browning in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:1089-1098. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of carboxylesterase 3 (Ces3) in the lipolysis of adipocytes has been overlooked, as 2 major lipolytic enzymes, hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase, play more powerful roles in lipolysis. In this study, we explored the effects of Ces3 in lipid metabolism by activating and inhibiting, as well as silencing, Ces3-encoding gene in 3T3-L1 cell model. Our results demonstrated that activation of Ces3 increased adipogenesis, and attenuated lipogenesis, whereas it promoted lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. In addition, activated Ces3 led to enhanced expression of core fat browning marker genes and proteins, suggesting that Ces3 may play a pivotal role in fat browning and thermogenesis. In contrast, deficiency of Ces3 nullified the browning effect in white adipocytes, along with decreased adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Interestingly, the expression pattern of adipose triglyceride lipase was in line with Ces3, whereas hormone-sensitive lipase was independently regulated irrespective of Ces3 expression levels, suggesting that Ces3 may play an important and compensatory role in the breakdown of triglycerides in white adipocytes. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence that activation of Ces3 contributes in the browning of white adipocytes, and maintains a balance in lipid metabolism, which could be a potential strategy in fighting against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
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107
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Song PF, Zhu YD, Ma HY, Wang YN, Wang DD, Zou LW, Ge GB, Yang L. Discovery of natural pentacyclic triterpenoids as potent and selective inhibitors against human carboxylesterase 1. Fitoterapia 2019; 137:104199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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108
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Song YQ, Guan XQ, Weng ZM, Wang YQ, Chen J, Jin Q, Fang SQ, Fan B, Cao YF, Hou J, Ge GB. Discovery of a highly specific and efficacious inhibitor of human carboxylesterase 2 by large-scale screening. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:261-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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109
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Di L. The Impact of Carboxylesterases in Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:91-102. [PMID: 30129408 PMCID: PMC6635651 DOI: 10.2174/1389200219666180821094502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carboxylesterases (CES) play a critical role in catalyzing hydrolysis of esters, amides, carbamates and thioesters, as well as bioconverting prodrugs and soft drugs. The unique tissue distribution of CES enzymes provides great opportunities to design prodrugs or soft drugs for tissue targeting. Marked species differences in CES tissue distribution and catalytic activity are particularly challenging in human translation. METHODS Review and summarization of CES fundamentals and applications in drug discovery and development. RESULTS Human CES1 is one of the most highly expressed drug metabolizing enzymes in the liver, while human intestine only expresses CES2. CES enzymes have moderate to high inter-individual variability and exhibit low to no expression in the fetus, but increase substantially during the first few months of life. The CES genes are highly polymorphic and some CES genetic variants show significant influence on metabolism and clinical outcome of certain drugs. Monkeys appear to be more predictive of human pharmacokinetics for CES substrates than other species. Low risk of clinical drug-drug interaction is anticipated for CES, although they should not be overlooked, particularly interaction with alcohols. CES enzymes are moderately inducible through a number of transcription factors and can be repressed by inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION Although significant advances have been made in our understanding of CESs, in vitro - in vivo extrapolation of clearance is still in its infancy and further exploration is needed. In vitro and in vivo tools are continuously being developed to characterize CES substrates and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Di
- Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, CT 06354, United States
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110
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Song YQ, Weng ZM, Dou TY, Finel M, Wang YQ, Ding LL, Jin Q, Wang DD, Fang SQ, Cao YF, Hou J, Ge GB. Inhibition of human carboxylesterases by magnolol: Kinetic analyses and mechanism. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:339-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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111
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Briand E, Thomsen R, Linnet K, Rasmussen HB, Brunak S, Taboureau O. Combined Ensemble Docking and Machine Learning in Identification of Therapeutic Agents with Potential Inhibitory Effect on Human CES1. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152747. [PMID: 31362390 PMCID: PMC6696021 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human carboxylesterase 1 (CES1), responsible for the biotransformation of many diverse therapeutic agents, may contribute to the occurrence of adverse drug reactions and therapeutic failure through drug interactions. The present study is designed to address the issue of potential drug interactions resulting from the inhibition of CES1. Based on an ensemble of 10 crystal structures complexed with different ligands and a set of 294 known CES1 ligands, we used docking (Autodock Vina) and machine learning methodologies (LDA, QDA and multilayer perceptron), considering the different energy terms from the scoring function to assess the best combination to enable the identification of CES1 inhibitors. The protocol was then applied on a library of 1114 FDA-approved drugs and eight drugs were selected for in vitro CES1 inhibition. An inhibition effect was observed for diltiazem (IC50 = 13.9 µM). Three others drugs (benztropine, iloprost and treprostinil), exhibited a weak CES1 inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 298.2 µM, 366.8 µM and 391.6 µM respectively. In conclusion, the binding site of CES1 is relatively flexible and can adapt its conformation to different types of ligands. Combining ensemble docking and machine learning approaches improves the prediction of CES1 inhibitors compared to a docking study using only one crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Briand
- INSERM U1133, CNRS UMR 8251, Unit of functional and adaptive biology, Université de Paris, Paris 75013, France
| | - Ragnar Thomsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kristian Linnet
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Berg Rasmussen
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Olivier Taboureau
- INSERM U1133, CNRS UMR 8251, Unit of functional and adaptive biology, Université de Paris, Paris 75013, France.
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112
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Mizoi K, Takahashi M, Sakai S, Ogihara T, Haba M, Hosokawa M. Structure-activity relationship of atorvastatin derivatives for metabolic activation by hydrolases. Xenobiotica 2019; 50:261-269. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1625083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Mizoi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masato Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sachiko Sakai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuo Ogihara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masami Haba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Hosokawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
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113
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Hetrick KJ, Aguilar Ramos MA, Raines RT. Terbium(III) Luminescence-Based Assay for Esterase Activity. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8615-8621. [PMID: 31247727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Esterases catalyze the hydrolysis of esters to form a carboxylic acid and alcohol. These enzymes play a key role in both the detoxification of xenobiotic compounds and the metabolism of drugs and prodrugs. Numerous fluorogenic probes have been developed to monitor esterase activity. Most are based on an aromatic alcohol, and the others are based on an aromatic acid. These restrictions leave unexplored the specificity of esterases for aliphatic esters. Here, we report on the use of esters of thiopheneacetic acid coupled with the luminescence of terbium(III) as the basis for a continuous assay of esterase activity. This probe allows for a wide variation of the alcohol moiety and the detection of its hydrolysis at submicromolar concentrations. The assay verifies steady-state kinetic parameters for catalysis by pig liver esterase from either initial rates or the integration of progress curves, and its utility is evident with unpurified esterases in bacterial and human cell lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenton J Hetrick
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| | - Miguel A Aguilar Ramos
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Ronald T Raines
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
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114
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Makhaeva GF, Rudakova EV, Kovaleva NV, Lushchekina SV, Boltneva NP, Proshin AN, Shchegolkov EV, Burgart YV, Saloutin VI. Cholinesterase and carboxylesterase inhibitors as pharmacological agents. Russ Chem Bull 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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115
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Yahata M, Ishii Y, Nakagawa T, Watanabe T, Bando K. Species differences in metabolism of a new antiepileptic drug candidate, DSP-0565 [2-(2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)acetamide]. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2019; 40:165-175. [PMID: 30924154 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of DSP-0565 [2-(2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)acetamide], an antiepileptic drug candidate, was investigated in rats, dogs, and humans. In human hepatocytes, [14 C]DSP-0565 was primarily metabolized via amide bond hydrolysis to (2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)acetic acid (M8), while in rat and dog hepatocytes, it was primarily metabolized via both hydrolysis to M8 and hydroxylation at the benzene ring or the benzyl site to oxidized metabolites. After single oral administration of [14 C]DSP-0565 to rats and dogs, the major radioactivity fraction was recovered in the urine (71-72% of dose) with a much smaller fraction recovered in feces (23-25% of dose). As primary metabolites in their excreta, M8, oxidized metabolites, and glucuronide of DSP-0565 were detected. The contribution of metabolic pathways was estimated from metabolite profiles in their excreta: the major metabolic pathway was oxidation (57-62%) and the next highest was the hydrolysis pathway (23-33%). These results suggest that there are marked species differences in the metabolic pathways of DSP-0565 between humans and animals. Finally, DSP-0565 human oral clearance (CL/F) was predicted using in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) with/without animal scaling factors (SF, in vivo intrinsic clearance/in vitro intrinsic clearance). The SF improved the underestimation of IVIVE (fold error = 0.22), but the prediction was overestimated (fold error = 2.4-3.3). In contrast, the use of SF for hydrolysis pathway was the most accurate for the prediction (fold error = 1.0-1.4). Our findings suggest that understanding of species differences in metabolic pathways between humans and animals is important for predicting human metabolic clearance when using animal SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yahata
- Preclinical Research Unit, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishii
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakagawa
- Preclinical Research Unit, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Watanabe
- Preclinical Research Unit, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Bando
- Preclinical Research Unit, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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116
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Xu J, Qiu JC, Ji X, Guo HL, Wang X, Zhang B, Wang T, Chen F. Potential Pharmacokinetic Herb-Drug Interactions: Have we Overlooked the Importance of Human Carboxylesterases 1 and 2? Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:130-137. [PMID: 29600756 DOI: 10.2174/1389200219666180330124050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Herbal products have grown steadily across the globe and have increasingly been incorporated
into western medicine for healthcare aims, thereby causing potential pharmacokinetic Herb-drug Interactions
(HDIs) through the inhibition or induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Human Carboxylesterases
1 (CES1) and 2 (CES2) metabolize endogenous and exogenous chemicals including many important therapeutic
medications. The growing number of CES substrate drugs also underscores the importance of the enzymes. Herein,
we summarized those potential inhibitors and inducers coming from herbal constituents toward CES1 and CES2. We
also reviewed the reported HDI studies focusing on herbal products and therapeutic agents metabolized by CES1 or
CES2.
Methods:
We searched in PubMed for manuscript published in English after Jan 1, 2000 combining terms “carboxylesterase
1”, “carboxylesterase 2”, “inhibitor”, “inducer”, “herb-drug interaction”, “inhibitory”, and “herbal supplement”.
We also searched specific websites including FDA and EMA. The data of screened papers were analyzed and
summarized.
Results:
The results showed that more than 50 natural inhibitors of CES1 or CES2, including phenolic chemicals,
triterpenoids, and tanshinones were found from herbs, whereas only few inducers of CES1 and CES2 were reported.
Systemic exposure to some commonly used drugs including oseltamivir, irinotecan, and clopidogrel were changed
when they were co-administered with herb products such as goldenseal, black cohosh, ginger, St. John’s Wort, curcumin,
and some Chinese compound formula in animals.
Conclusion:
Nonclinical and clinical studies on HDIs are warranted in the future to provide safety information toward
better clinical outcomes for the combination of herbal products and conventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Chun Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Li Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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117
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Stage C, Dalhoff K, Rasmussen HB, Schow Guski L, Thomsen R, Bjerre D, Ferrero-Miliani L, Busk Madsen M, Jürgens G. The impact of human CES1 genetic variation on enzyme activity assessed by ritalinic acid/methylphenidate ratios. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 125:54-61. [PMID: 30801959 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The present clinical trial investigated the impact of selected SNPs in CES1 on the metabolic activity of the enzyme. For this purpose, we used methylphenidate (MPH) as a pharmacological probe and the d-RA/d-MPH (metabolite/parent drug) ratios as a measure of enzymatic activity. This metabolic ratio (MR) was validated against the AUC ratios (AUCd -RA /AUCd -MPH ). CES1 SNPs from 120 volunteers were identified, and 12 SNPs fulfilling predefined inclusion criteria were analysed separately, comparing the effect of each genotype on the metabolic ratios. The SNP criteria were as follows: presence of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, a minor allele frequency ≥ 0.01 and a clearly interpretable sequencing result in at least 30% of the individuals. Each participant ingested 10 mg of racemic methylphenidate, and blood samples were drawn prior to and 3 hours after drug administration. The SNP analysis confirmed the considerable impact of rs71647871 (G143E) in exon 4 on drug metabolism. In addition, three volunteers with markedly lower median MR, indicating decreased CES1 activity, harboured the same combination of three SNPs in intron 5. The median MR for these SNPs was 8.2 for the minor allele compared to 16.4 for the major alleles (P = 0.04). Hence, one of these or the combination of these SNPs could be of clinical significance considering that the median MR of the G143E group was 5.4. The precise genetic relationship of this finding is currently unknown, as is the clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Stage
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Dalhoff
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Berg Rasmussen
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Louise Schow Guski
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ragnar Thomsen
- Section of Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte Bjerre
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Laura Ferrero-Miliani
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Majbritt Busk Madsen
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Gesche Jürgens
- Clinical Pharmacological Unit, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
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118
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Freyer N, Knöspel F, Damm G, Greuel S, Schneider C, Seehofer D, Stöhr T, Petersen KU, Zeilinger K. Metabolism of remimazolam in primary human hepatocytes during continuous long-term infusion in a 3-D bioreactor system. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:1033-1047. [PMID: 31037028 PMCID: PMC6450186 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s186759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Remimazolam is an ultra-short acting benzodiazepine under development for procedural sedation and general anesthesia. It is hydrolyzed by CES1 to an inactive metabolite (CNS7054). Purpose In this study, the effect of continuous remimazolam exposure on its metabolism and on CES1 expression was investigated in a dynamic 3-D bioreactor culture model inoculated with primary human hepatocytes. Methods Remimazolam was continuously infused into bioreactors for 5 days at a final concentration of 3,000 ng/ml (6.8 µM). In parallel, 2-D cultures were run with cells from the same donors, but with discontinuous exposure to remimazolam. Results Daily measurement of clinical chemistry parameters (glucose, lactate, urea, ammonia, and liver enzymes) in culture supernatants indicated no noxious effect of remimazolam on hepatocyte integrity as compared to untreated controls. Concentrations of remimazolam reached steady-state values of around 250 ng/ml within 8 hours in 3-D bioreactors whereas in 2-D cultures remimazolam concentrations declined to almost zero within the same time frame. Levels of CNS7054 showed an inverse time-course reaching average values of 1,350 ng/ml in perfused 3-D bioreactors resp. 2,800 ng/ml in static 2-D cultures. Analysis of mRNA expression levels of CES1 indicated no changes in gene expression over the culture period. Conclusion The results indicated a stable metabolism of remimazolam during 5 days of continuous exposure to clinically relevant concentrations of the drug. Moreover, there was no evidence for a harmful effect of remimazolam exposure on the integrity and metabolic activity of in vitro cultivated primary human hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Freyer
- Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany,
| | - Fanny Knöspel
- Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany,
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Selina Greuel
- Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany,
| | - Christin Schneider
- Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany,
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Thomas Stöhr
- PAION Deutschland GmbH (Non-clinical development), Aachen 52062, Germany
| | - Karl-Uwe Petersen
- PAION Deutschland GmbH (Non-clinical development), Aachen 52062, Germany
| | - Katrin Zeilinger
- Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany,
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119
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Takahashi M, Uehara T, Nonaka M, Minagawa Y, Yamazaki R, Haba M, Hosokawa M. Synthesis and evaluation of haloperidol ester prodrugs metabolically activated by human carboxylesterase. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 132:125-131. [PMID: 30878380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two types of haloperidol prodrugs in which a chemical modification was carried out on the hydroxyl group or carbonyl group were synthesized, and their metabolic activation abilities were evaluated in a human liver microsome (HLM) solution, a human small intestine microsome (HIM) solution and solutions of human recombinant carboxylesterases (hCESs). The metabolic activation rates of alcohol ester prodrugs in HLM solution were similar to those in hCES2 solution, and haloperidol pentanoate and haloperidol hexanoate showed high metabolic activation rates in the synthesized alcohol ester prodrugs. In addition, haloperidol acetate and haloperidol 2-methylbutanoate were hydrolyzed as slowly as haloperidol decanoate. The results suggested that haloperidol prodrugs with a small chain or a branched chain are useful as prodrugs for sustained release. The metabolic activation rate of the enol ester prodrug in HLM solution was similar to that in hCES1 solution, and the enol ester prodrug was found to behave differently from alcohol ester prodrugs, which were metabolically activated by hCES2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba 288-0025, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Uehara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba 288-0025, Japan
| | - Minori Nonaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba 288-0025, Japan
| | - Yuka Minagawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba 288-0025, Japan
| | - Riona Yamazaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba 288-0025, Japan
| | - Masami Haba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba 288-0025, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Hosokawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba 288-0025, Japan
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120
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Richter M, Boldescu V, Graf D, Streicher F, Dimoglo A, Bartenschlager R, Klein CD. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking of Combretastatin and Colchicine Derivatives and their hCE1-Activated Prodrugs as Antiviral Agents. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:469-483. [PMID: 30605241 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that tubulin can be a host factor for vector-borne flaviviruses like dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV), and inhibitors of tubulin polymerization such as colchicine have been demonstrated to decrease virus replication. However, toxicity limits the application of these compounds. Herein we report prodrugs based on combretastatin and colchicine derivatives that contain an ester cleavage site for human carboxylesterase, a highly abundant enzyme in monocytes and hepatocytes targeted by DENV. Relative to their parent compounds, the cytotoxicity of these prodrugs was reduced by several orders of magnitude. All synthesized prodrugs containing a leucine ester were hydrolyzed by the esterase in vitro. In contrast to previous reports, the phenylglycine esters were not cleaved by human carboxylesterase. The antiviral activity of combretastatin, colchicine, and selected prodrugs against DENV and ZIKV in cell culture was observed at low micromolar and sub-micromolar concentrations. In addition, docking studies were performed to understand the binding mode of the studied compounds to tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Richter
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veaceslav Boldescu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Biopharmaceuticals, Moldova Academy of Sciences, Academiei str. 3, MD2028, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Dominik Graf
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Streicher
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, INF 344, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany), and German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg Partner Site
| | - Christian D Klein
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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121
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Fu Q, Yang K, Hu RX, Du Z, Hu CM, Zhang X. Evaluation of the inhibition of human carboxylesterases (CESs) by the active ingredients from Schisandra chinensis. Xenobiotica 2019; 49:1260-1268. [PMID: 30486721 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1548718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui-Xia Hu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preventive Medicine Education (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin, China
| | - Zuo Du
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cui-Min Hu
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xibo Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
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122
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Zhao YS, Ruan HL, Wang XY, Chen C, Song PF, Lü CW, Zou LW. Catalyst-free visible-light-induced condensation to synthesize bis(indolyl)methanes and biological activity evaluation of them as potent human carboxylesterase 2 inhibitors. RSC Adv 2019; 9:40168-40175. [PMID: 35541371 PMCID: PMC9076199 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08593a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A mild strategy for visible-light-induced synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes was developed using aromatic aldehydes and indole as substrates. This reaction could be performed at room temperature under catalyst- and additive-free conditions to synthesize a series of bis(indolyl)methanes in good to excellent yields. In addition, all synthesized bis(indolyl)methanes together with β-substituted indole derivatives synthesized according to our previous work, were evaluated for their inhibitory effect against human carboxylesterase (CES1 and CES2). Primary structure–activity relationship analysis of all tested compounds showed that the modifications of β-substituted indole at the β-site with another indolyl group led to a significant enhancement of the inhibitory effect on CES2, and the bisindolyl structure is essential for CES2 inhibition. These results demonstrated that these bis(indolyl)methanes are potent and selective CES2 inhibitors, which might be helpful for medicinal chemists to design and develop more potent and selective CES2 inhibitors for biomedical applications. Bis(indolyl)methanes were synthesized by a green protocol. Primary structure–activity relationship analysis showed that the bisindolyl structure is essential for CES2 inhibition.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shu Zhao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Li Ruan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Yang Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Fang Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Wei Lü
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Wei Zou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- People's Republic of China
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123
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Gao Q, Song L, Sun J, Cao HQ, Wang L, Lin H, Tang F. Repellent action and contact toxicity mechanisms of the essential oil extracted from Chinese chive against Plutella xylostella larvae. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 100:e21509. [PMID: 30390324 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Botanical pesticides play increasingly important roles in the control of agricultural pests. In this study, the insecticidal effects, specifically the repellent action and contact toxicity, of the essential oil extracted from Chinese chive (EOC) against Plutella xylostella larvae were confirmed. The mechanisms of repellent's action were studied using electroantennograms (EAGs), and the effects on glutathione S-transferase (GST), carboxylesterase (CarE), and acetyl cholinesterase were investigated after EOC treatments. The EOC affected the EAG results and inhibited the activities of GST and CarE in treated P. xylostella larvae, which could explain its insecticidal effects. And, four pyrazines showed greater repellent activities than that of the EOC, which was confirmed as the main active compounds of EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Gao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Song
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Qun Cao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Likun Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huafeng Lin
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Tang
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
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124
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Neal-Kluever A, Fisher J, Grylack L, Kakiuchi-Kiyota S, Halpern W. Physiology of the Neonatal Gastrointestinal System Relevant to the Disposition of Orally Administered Medications. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 47:296-313. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.084418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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125
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Mortuza TB, Edwards GL, White CA, Patel V, Cummings BS, Bruckner JV. Age Dependency of Blood-Brain Barrier Penetration by cis- and trans-Permethrin in the Rat. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 47:234-237. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.084822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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126
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Waters RC, Hochhaus G. Characterization of a dextran-budesonide prodrug for inhalation therapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 129:58-67. [PMID: 30521945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reducing the dosing frequency of corticosteroids may increase compliance and increase pulmonary targeting. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether a high molecular weight dextran-budesonide conjugate might be suitable for pulmonary slow release of the otherwise fast absorbed budesonide. An array of dextran-spacer-budesonide conjugates was prepared that differed in the molecular weight of dextran (20 kDa or 40 kDa) and the length of the dicarboxylic spacer (succinic, glutaric, and adipic anhydride). The conjugates were characterized for identity by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the degree of dextran-hydroxyl conjugation, purity, and physiological activation (release of budesonide). The 40 kDa dextran-succinate-budesonide conjugate was formulated as a dry powder for pulmonary delivery and characterized for particle size distribution, particle morphology, and aerodynamic particle size. The degree of substitution (grams of budesonide in 100 g of conjugate) ranged from 4 to 10% for all six dextran-spacer-budesonide conjugates. Incubation at 37 °C and pH 7.4 in phosphate buffered saline resulted in release of 25-75% of the conjugated budesonide over an 8-hour period with the rate of release increasing with molecular weight of dextran and the length of the spacer. Modeling of the concentration time profiles of the released budesonide and budesonide-21-hemisucinate in phosphate buffered saline, suggested that budesonide is generated either directly or via the budesonide-21-hemisucinate pre-cursor. Data also suggested that the rate of budesonide generation likely depends on the position of budesonide on the dextran molecule. Spray-drying the 40 kDa dextran-succinate-budesonide produced respirable particles of the conjugate with a mass median aerodynamic particle size (MMAD) of 4 μm. The slow generation of budesonide from the chemical delivery system might further improve the pharmacological profile of budesonide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Waters
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Günther Hochhaus
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America.
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127
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Wang YQ, Weng ZM, Dou TY, Hou J, Wang DD, Ding LL, Zou LW, Yu Y, Chen J, Tang H, Ge GB. Nevadensin is a naturally occurring selective inhibitor of human carboxylesterase 1. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1944-1954. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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128
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Xiao Q, Zhou Q, Yang L, Tian Z, Wang X, Xiao Y, Shi D. Breed Differences in Pig Liver Esterase (PLE) between Tongcheng (Chinese Local Breed) and Large White Pigs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16364. [PMID: 30397234 PMCID: PMC6218520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34695-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human carboxylesterases has been proven to be age and race-related and a sound basis of clinical medication. PLE involve in signal transduction and highly catalyze hydrolysis. Therefore, the expression level of PLE most probably exist age and breed difference and lead to significant differences of pharmacology and physiology. Four age groups of Tongcheng (TC) and Large White (LW) pigs were selected to explore PLE breed and age differences, and it was found that PLE mRNA was most abundant in liver in both breeds. In liver, PLE levels and hydrolytic activities increased with age, and PLE levels (except for 3 month) and the hydrolytic activities were higher in LW than in TC across all age groups. Abundance of PLE isoenzymes was obvious different between breeds and among age groups. The most abundant PLE isoenzyme in LW and TC pigs was PLE-A1 (all age groups) and PLE-B9 (three early age groups) or PLE-G3 (adult groups), respectively. 103 new PLE isoenzymes were found, and 55 high-frequency PLE isoenzymes were accordingly classified into seven categories (A-G). The results of this research provide a necessary basis not only for clinical medication of pigs but also for pig breeding purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiling Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agricultural, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agricultural, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agricultural, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongyuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agricultural, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agricultural, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yuncai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agricultural, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Deshi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agricultural, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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129
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Molecular dynamics/quantum mechanics guided designing of natural products based prodrugs of Epalrestat. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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130
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Hanioka N, Isobe T, Ohkawara S, Ochi S, Tanaka-Kagawa T, Jinno H. Hydrolysis of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in humans, monkeys, dogs, rats, and mice: An in vitro analysis using liver and intestinal microsomes. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 54:237-242. [PMID: 30315871 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer that is rapidly metabolized to mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), an active metabolite, in mammals. In the present study, the hydrolysis of DEHP by the liver and intestinal microsomes of humans, monkeys, dogs, rats, and mice was examined. The kinetics of liver microsomes fit the Michaelis-Menten model for humans, monkeys, and rats, and the Hill model for dogs and mice. Km or S50 values were similar among species, whereas Vmax exhibited species differences of approximately 9-fold. CLint or CLmax values were in the order of mice > dogs > monkeys ≥ rats > humans. Hydrolytic activity towards DEHP was not detected in the intestinal microsomes of humans or dogs. The kinetics of monkeys, rats, and mice followed the Hill model. In comparisons of the liver microsomes of each species, S50 values were similar, while Vmax and CLmax values (mice > rats > monkeys) were considerably lower (approximately 5-25%). These results suggest that hydrolytic activity towards DEHP in the liver and intestines markedly differ among humans and non-rodent and rodent experimental animals, and imply that species differences are closely associated with the toxicity of DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobumitsu Hanioka
- Laboratory of Xenobiotic Metabolism, Department of Life Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan.
| | - Takashi Isobe
- Laboratory of Xenobiotic Metabolism, Department of Life Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Susumu Ohkawara
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Life Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Sadayuki Ochi
- Laboratory of Xenobiotic Metabolism, Department of Life Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Toshiko Tanaka-Kagawa
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Life Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Hideto Jinno
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
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131
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Imai S, Ichikawa T, Sugiyama C, Nonaka K, Yamada T. Contribution of Human Liver and Intestinal Carboxylesterases to the Hydrolysis of Selexipag In Vitro. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:1027-1034. [PMID: 30267780 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In liver microsomes, selexipag (NS-304; ACT-293987) mainly undergoes hydrolytic removal of the sulfonamide moiety by carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) to yield the pharmacologically active metabolite MRE-269 (ACT-333679). However, it is not known how much CES in the liver and intestine contributes to the hydrolysis of selexipag or how selexipag is metabolized in the intestine, including by hydrolysis. To obtain a better understanding of selexipag metabolism in humans, we determined the percentage contribution of CES1 and carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) to the hydrolysis of selexipag and 7 of its analogs with different sulfonamide moieties and evaluated its nonhydrolytic metabolism in human liver microsomes and human intestinal microsomes (HIMS). For selexipag, the percentage contributions of CES1 and CES2 in human liver microsomes were 77.0% and 9.99%, respectively, while the percentage contribution of CES2 in HIMS was 100%. In HIMS, the rate of hydrolysis of selexipag was the lowest among the compounds tested, and no difference between the presence and absence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate was noted. We infer from these results that selexipag is likely to be hydrolyzed by CES2 as well as CES1, and only selexipag itself and the MRE-269 produced by hydrolysis in the intestine would be absorbed after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Imai
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Assessment Department, Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Assessment Department, Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sugiyama
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Assessment Department, Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Nonaka
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Assessment Department, Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Yamada
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Assessment Department, Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
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Lee BY, Lee MC, Jeong CB, Kim HJ, Hagiwara A, Souissi S, Han J, Lee JS. RNA-Seq-based transcriptome profiling and expression of 16 cytochrome P450 genes in the benzo[α]pyrene-exposed estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 28:142-150. [PMID: 30196245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis is one of the most abundant estuarine species and is considered to be an ideal candidate species for ecotoxicological research. An RNA-Seq-based transcriptome was developed from whole bodies of this species. Among 142,442 contigs of the de novo assembly by Trinity, 48,480 open reading frame (ORF) contigs were found using TransDecoder. A total of 17,762 genes were identified by BLAST analysis, which covers about 75% of the annotated genes in the E. affinis genome. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that most annotated sequences were related to metabolism pathways, including xenobiotic biodegradation. Using transcriptome data, we identified putative transcripts related to xenobiotic processing genes including phase I enzymes, phase II enzymes, transporters, and transcription factors. To understand the CYP-mediated detoxification metabolism of xenobiotics, we measured the transcriptional levels of 16 CYPs (within full sequences) of E. affinis in response to benzo[α]pyrene (B[α]P). Most Ea-CYP genes were significantly down- and/or up-regulated (P < 0.05) in response to B[α]P, suggesting that Ea-CYP genes are likely involved in detoxification (mainly in biotransformation of xenobiotics) with particular genes, demonstrating significant upregulation or downregulation compared to others, as shown in other copepod model species (e.g. Tigriopus japonicus and Paracyclopina nana). This study will provide insight into the potential role of E. affinis in response to various toxic or xenobiotic chemicals in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Young Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Min-Chul Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Sami Souissi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Cote d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Oceanologie et de Geosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Human carboxylesterases: a comprehensive review. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:699-712. [PMID: 30245959 PMCID: PMC6146386 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian carboxylesterases (CEs) are key enzymes from the serine hydrolase superfamily. In the human body, two predominant carboxylesterases (CES1 and CES2) have been identified and extensively studied over the past decade. These two enzymes play crucial roles in the metabolism of a wide variety of endogenous esters, ester-containing drugs and environmental toxicants. The key roles of CES in both human health and xenobiotic metabolism arouse great interest in the discovery of potent CES modulators to regulate endobiotic metabolism or to improve the efficacy of ester drugs. This review covers the structural and catalytic features of CES, tissue distributions, biological functions, genetic polymorphisms, substrate specificities and inhibitor properties of CES1 and CES2, as well as the significance and recent progress on the discovery of CES modulators. The information presented here will help pharmacologists explore the relevance of CES to human diseases or to assign the contribution of certain CES in xenobiotic metabolism. It will also facilitate medicinal chemistry efforts to design prodrugs activated by a given CES isoform, or to develop potent and selective modulators of CES for potential biomedical applications.
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Akazawa T, Yoshida S, Ohnishi S, Kanazu T, Kawai M, Takahashi K. Application of Intestinal Epithelial Cells Differentiated from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Studies of Prodrug Hydrolysis and Drug Absorption in the Small Intestine. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1497-1506. [PMID: 30135242 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.083246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell models to investigate intestinal absorption functions, such as those of transporters and metabolic enzymes, are essential for oral drug discovery and development. The purpose of this study was to generate intestinal epithelial cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-IECs) and then clarify whether the functions of hydrolase and transporters in them reflect oral drug absorption in the small intestine. The hiPSC-IECs showed the transport activities of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1), revealed by using their probe substrates ([3H]digoxin, sulfasalazine, and [14C]glycylsarcosine), and the metabolic activities of CYP3A4, CES2, and CES1, which were clarified using their probe substrates (midazolam, irinotecan, and temocapril). The intrinsic clearance by hydrolysis of six ester prodrugs into the active form in hiPSC-IECs was correlated with the plasma exposure (Cmax , AUC, and bioavailability) of the active form after oral administration of these prodrugs to rats. Also, the permeability coefficients of 14 drugs, containing two substrates of P-gp (doxorubicin and [3H]digoxin), one substrate of BCRP (sulfasalazine), and 11 nonsubstrates of transporters (ganciclovir, [14C]mannitol, famotidine, sulpiride, atenolol, furosemide, ranitidine, hydrochlorothiazide, acetaminophen, propranolol, and antipyrine) in hiPSC-IECs were correlated with their values of the fraction of intestinal absorption (Fa) in human clinical studies. These findings suggest that hiPSC-IECs would be a useful cell model to investigate the hydrolysis of ester prodrugs and to predict drug absorption in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Akazawa
- Research Laboratory for Development (T.A., S.Y., S.O., T.K.), Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory (M.K.), and Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory (K.T.), Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinpei Yoshida
- Research Laboratory for Development (T.A., S.Y., S.O., T.K.), Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory (M.K.), and Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory (K.T.), Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ohnishi
- Research Laboratory for Development (T.A., S.Y., S.O., T.K.), Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory (M.K.), and Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory (K.T.), Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takushi Kanazu
- Research Laboratory for Development (T.A., S.Y., S.O., T.K.), Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory (M.K.), and Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory (K.T.), Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawai
- Research Laboratory for Development (T.A., S.Y., S.O., T.K.), Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory (M.K.), and Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory (K.T.), Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Research Laboratory for Development (T.A., S.Y., S.O., T.K.), Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory (M.K.), and Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory (K.T.), Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
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135
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Smith RL, Cohen SM, Fukushima S, Gooderham NJ, Hecht SS, Guengerich FP, Rietjens IMCM, Bastaki M, Harman CL, McGowen MM, Taylor SV. The safety evaluation of food flavouring substances: the role of metabolic studies. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:618-646. [PMID: 30090611 PMCID: PMC6062396 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00254h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety assessment of a flavour substance examines several factors, including metabolic and physiological disposition data. The present article provides an overview of the metabolism and disposition of flavour substances by identifying general applicable principles of metabolism to illustrate how information on metabolic fate is taken into account in their safety evaluation. The metabolism of the majority of flavour substances involves a series both of enzymatic and non-enzymatic biotransformation that often results in products that are more hydrophilic and more readily excretable than their precursors. Flavours can undergo metabolic reactions, such as oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis that alter a functional group relative to the parent compound. The altered functional group may serve as a reaction site for a subsequent metabolic transformation. Metabolic intermediates undergo conjugation with an endogenous agent such as glucuronic acid, sulphate, glutathione, amino acids, or acetate. Such conjugates are typically readily excreted through the kidneys and liver. This paper summarizes the types of metabolic reactions that have been documented for flavour substances that are added to the human food chain, the methodologies available for metabolic studies, and the factors that affect the metabolic fate of a flavour substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Smith
- Molecular Toxicology , Imperial College School of Medicine , London SW7 2AZ , UK
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Dept. of Pathology and Microbiology , University of Nebraska Medical Centre , 983135 Nebraska Medical Centre , Omaha , NE 68198-3135 , USA
| | - Shoji Fukushima
- Japan Bioassay Research Centre , 2445 Hirasawa , Hadano , Kanagawa 257-0015 , Japan
| | - Nigel J Gooderham
- Dept. of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College of Science , Sir Alexander Fleming Building , London SW7 2AZ , UK
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Centre and Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology , University of Minnesota , Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building , 2231 6th St , SE , Minneapolis , MN 55455 , USA
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , 638B Robinson Research Building , 2200 Pierce Avenue , Nashville , Tennessee 37232-0146 , USA
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology , Wageningen University , Tuinlaan 5 , 6703 HE Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - Maria Bastaki
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association , 1101 17th Street , NW Suite 700 , Washington , DC 20036 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1 (202)293-5800
| | - Christie L Harman
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association , 1101 17th Street , NW Suite 700 , Washington , DC 20036 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1 (202)293-5800
| | - Margaret M McGowen
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association , 1101 17th Street , NW Suite 700 , Washington , DC 20036 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1 (202)293-5800
| | - Sean V Taylor
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association , 1101 17th Street , NW Suite 700 , Washington , DC 20036 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1 (202)293-5800
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136
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iPSC-Derived Enterocyte-like Cells for Drug Absorption and Metabolism Studies. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:696-708. [PMID: 29945758 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal cell models have been widely studied and used to evaluate absorption and metabolism of drugs in the small intestine, constituting valuable tools as a first approach to evaluate the behavior of new drugs. However, such cell models might not be able to fully predict the absorption mechanisms and metabolic pathways of the tested compounds. In recent years, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differentiated into enterocyte-like cells have been proposed as more biorelevant intestinal models. In this review, we describe mechanisms underlying the differentiation of iPSCs into enterocyte-like cells, appraise the usefulness of these cells in tridimensional intestinal models, and discuss their suitability to be used in the future for drug screening.
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137
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Li X, Liu C, Zhu X, Wei H, Zhang H, Chen H, Chen G, Yang D, Sun H, Shen Z, Zhang Y, Li W, Yang J, Liu Y, Lai X, Gong Y, Liu X, Li Y, Zhong D, Niu J, Liu B, Ding Y. Evaluation of Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Vicagrel, a Novel P2Y12 Antagonist, in Healthy Chinese Volunteers. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:643. [PMID: 29973877 PMCID: PMC6019484 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vicagrel is a novel anti-platelet drug and hydrolyzed to the same intermediate as clopidogrel via esterase, instead of CYP2C19. Here we report the first clinical trial on the tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of different doses of vicagrel, and comparison with clopidogrel in healthy Chinese volunteers. Methods: This study was conducted in two parts. Study I was a dose-escalating (5-15 mg) study. For each dose, 15 participants were randomized into three groups (total n = 45); nine participants were given vicagrel, three were given clopidogrel, and three were given a placebo. Study II was conducted to assess interactions between vicagrel and aspirin in 15 healthy participants. The plasma concentrations of the metabolites of vicagrel and clopidogrel were determined using a LC-MS/MS method. Platelet aggregation was assessed using the VerifyNow-P2Y12 assay. Results: Vicagrel (5-15 mg per day) dosing for 10 days or addition of aspirin was well tolerated in healthy volunteers. The exposure of the active metabolite increased proportionally across the dose range and was higher (~10-fold) than clopidogrel. The levels of IPA dosing 75 mg clopidogrel were between the responses of 5 mg and 10 mg vicagrel. After a single loading dose of vicagrel (30 mg) and a once-daily maintenance dose (7.5 mg) for 8 days, the maximum inhibition of platelet aggregation was similar to that seen with the combined use of vicagrel and aspirin (100 mg/day). Conclusion: Oral vicagrel demonstrated a favorable safety profile and excellent anti-platelet activity, which could be a promising P2Y12 antagonist as anti-platelet drug and can be further developed in phase II/III studies, and marketing for the unmet medical needs of cardiovascular diseases. The study was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR-IIR-16009260).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Li
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Cai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Haijing Wei
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Guiling Chen
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Deming Yang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Center of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenwei Shen
- First Hospital and Institute of Immunology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Xiaojuan Lai
- Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Yanchun Gong
- Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefang Liu
- Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | | | - Dafang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, First Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yanhua Ding
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin, China
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138
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139
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Sychev DA, Ashraf GM, Svistunov AA, Maksimov ML, Tarasov VV, Chubarev VN, Otdelenov VA, Denisenko NP, Barreto GE, Aliev G. The cytochrome P450 isoenzyme and some new opportunities for the prediction of negative drug interaction in vivo. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:1147-1156. [PMID: 29780235 PMCID: PMC5951216 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s149069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome (CYP) 450 isoenzymes are the basic enzymes involved in Phase I biotransformation. The most important role in biotransformation belongs to CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP1A2. Inhibition and induction of CYP isoenzymes caused by drugs are important and clinically relevant pharmacokinetic mechanisms of drug interaction. Investigation of the activity of CYP isoenzymes by using phenotyping methods (such as the determination of the concentration of specific substrates and metabolites in biological fluids) during drug administration provides the prediction of negative side effects caused by drug interaction. In clinical practice, the process of phenotyping of CYP isoenzymes and some endogenous substrates in the ratio of cortisol to 6β-hydroxycortisol in urine for the evaluation of CYP3A4 activity has been deemed to be a quite promising, safe and minimally invasive method for patients nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrij A Sychev
- Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education Studies, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Maksim L Maksimov
- Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Kazan State Medical Academy, Volga Region, Kazan, Russia
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- GALLY International Biomedical Research Consulting LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA.,School of Health Science and Healthcare Administration, University of Atlanta, Johns Creek, GA, USA.,Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
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140
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Serafini M, Griglio A, Aprile S, Seiti F, Travelli C, Pattarino F, Grosa G, Sorba G, Genazzani AA, Gonzalez-Rodriguez S, Butron L, Devesa I, Fernandez-Carvajal A, Pirali T, Ferrer-Montiel A. Targeting Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) Channel Softly: The Discovery of Passerini Adducts as a Topical Treatment for Inflammatory Skin Disorders. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4436-4455. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Serafini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Alessia Griglio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Silvio Aprile
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Fabio Seiti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Cristina Travelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Franco Pattarino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Grosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sorba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A. Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universitas Miguel Hernandez, Av de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Laura Butron
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universitas Miguel Hernandez, Av de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Isabel Devesa
- AntalGenics, SL. Ed. Quorum III, Parque
Científico UMH, Av de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Asia Fernandez-Carvajal
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universitas Miguel Hernandez, Av de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Tracey Pirali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferrer-Montiel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universitas Miguel Hernandez, Av de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
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141
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Ishizaki Y, Furihata T, Oyama Y, Ohura K, Imai T, Hosokawa M, Akita H, Chiba K. Development of a Caco-2 Cell Line Carrying the Human Intestine-Type CES Expression Profile as a Promising Tool for Ester-Containing Drug Permeability Studies. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:697-706. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Ishizaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Tomomi Furihata
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Yusuke Oyama
- Department of Metabolism-Based Drug Design and Delivery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University
| | - Kayoko Ohura
- Department of Metabolism-Based Drug Design and Delivery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University
| | - Teruko Imai
- Department of Metabolism-Based Drug Design and Delivery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University
| | - Masakiyo Hosokawa
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Institute of Science
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Kan Chiba
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
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142
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Uno Y, Igawa Y, Tanaka M, Ohura K, Hosokawa M, Imai T. Analysis of carboxylesterase 2 transcript variants in cynomolgus macaque liver. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:247-255. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1435927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd, Kainan, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Igawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Shinagawa, Japan
| | - Maori Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ohura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Hosokawa
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Japan
| | - Teruko Imai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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143
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Rautio J, Meanwell NA, Di L, Hageman MJ. The expanding role of prodrugs in contemporary drug design and development. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2018; 17:559-587. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2018.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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144
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Takahashi M, Ogawa T, Kashiwagi H, Fukushima F, Yoshitsugu M, Haba M, Hosokawa M. Chemical synthesis of an indomethacin ester prodrug and its metabolic activation by human carboxylesterase 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:997-1000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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145
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Characterization and structure-activity relationship studies of flavonoids as inhibitors against human carboxylesterase 2. Bioorg Chem 2018; 77:320-329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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146
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Innate differences and colostrum-induced alterations of jejunal mucosal proteins in piglets with intra-uterine growth restriction. Br J Nutr 2018; 119:734-747. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMammalian neonates undergo rapid transitions from a sterile uterine environment with a continuous intravenous supply of nutrients to a microbe-rich environment with intermittent ingesting of colostrum/milk via the gut. Currently, little is known about the colostrum-induced alterations of intestinal mucosal proteins in piglets with intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR). In this study, we sought to investigate the innate differences and effects of colostrum on alterations in small-intestinal proteomes of IUGR piglets. Two IUGR (approximately 0·9 kg) and two normal-birth weight (NBW; approximately 1·3 kg) piglets were obtained from each of six sows at birth. One half (n12; 6 IUGRv. 6 NBW) of the selected newborn piglets were killed to obtain jejunum samples, and the other half (n12; 6 IUGRv. 6 NBW) of the newborn piglets were allowed to suckle colostrum from their own mothers for 24 h before jejunum sample collection. On the basis of proteomic analysis, we identified thirty-one differentially expressed proteins in the jejunal mucosa between IUGR and normal neonates before or after colostrum consumption. The intestinal proteins altered by colostrum feeding play important roles in the following: (1) increasing intestinal integrity, transport of nutrients, energy metabolism, protein synthesis, immune response and, therefore, cell proliferation; and (2) decreasing oxidative stress, and therefore cell apoptosis, in IUGR neonates. However, colostrum only partially ameliorated the inferior status of the jejunal mucosa in IUGR neonates. These findings provide the first evidence in intestinal protein alterations of IUGR neonates in response to colostrum ingestion, and thus render new insights into the mechanisms responsible for impaired growth in IUGR neonates and into new nutritional intervention strategies.
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147
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Da Silva S, Keita ÅV, Mohlin S, Påhlman S, Theodorou V, Påhlman I, Mattson JP, Söderholm JD. A Novel Topical PPARγ Agonist Induces PPARγ Activity in Ulcerative Colitis Mucosa and Prevents and Reverses Inflammation in Induced Colitis Models. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018. [PMID: 29529198 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izx079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) exerts anti-inflammatory effects and is therefore a potential target in ulcerative colitis (UC). A novel PPARγ agonist (AS002) developed for local action was evaluated ex vivo in biopsies from UC patients and in vivo in mice with low-grade dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)- and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. METHODS Colonic biopsies from UC patients (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 6) were incubated with AS002 or rosiglitazone (positive control) to measure mRNA expression of the PPARγ-responsive gene ADIPOPHILIN and protein levels of UC-related cytokines (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). AS002 absorption was determined in the colonic mucosa of UC patients. DSS-colitis mice received PPARγ agonists or vehicle daily by intrarectal administration starting 2 days before induction of colitis (preventive) or from days 3 to 8 (curative). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and cytokine levels in colonic mucosa were determined. In addition, AS002 effects were studied in TNBS colitis. RESULTS AS002 displayed an absorption pattern of a lipophilic drug totally metabolized in the mucosa. AS002 and rosiglitazone increased ADIPOPHILIN mRNA expression (3-fold) and decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-13 levels in human UC biopsies. In DSS, in both preventive and curative treatment and in TNBS colitis, AS002 protected against macroscopic and histological damage and lowered MPO and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-13 levels. CONCLUSIONS AS002 triggers anti-inflammatory PPARγ activity in the human colonic mucosa of UC patients and prevents and reverses colitis in mice. Our data suggest that AS002 has potential for topical maintenance treatment of UC, which warrants further studies in vivo in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Da Silva
- Department of Surgery and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Åsa V Keita
- Department of Surgery and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofie Mohlin
- Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Center at Medicon Village, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sven Påhlman
- Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Center at Medicon Village, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vassilia Theodorou
- Toxalim UMR 1331 INRA/INP/UPS Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jan P Mattson
- Albireo AB, Arvid Wallgrens Backe, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan D Söderholm
- Department of Surgery and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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148
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Abdel-Daim A, Ohura K, Imai T. A novel quantification method for serine hydrolases in cellular expression system using fluorophosphonate-biotin probe. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 114:267-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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149
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De Vitis V, Nakhnoukh C, Pinto A, Contente ML, Barbiroli A, Milani M, Bolognesi M, Molinari F, Gourlay LJ, Romano D. A stereospecific carboxyl esterase from Bacillus coagulans hosting nonlipase activity within a lipase-like fold. FEBS J 2018; 285:903-914. [PMID: 29278448 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microbial carboxylesterases are important biocatalysts that selectively hydrolyze an extensive range of esters. Here, we report the biochemical and structural characterization of an atypical carboxylesterase from Bacillus coagulans (BCE), endowed with high enantioselectivity toward different 1,2-O-isopropylideneglycerol (IPG or solketal) esters. BCE efficiently catalyzes the production of enantiopure (S)-IPG, a chiral building block for the synthesis of β-blockers, glycerophospholipids, and prostaglandins; efficient hydrolysis was observed up to 65 °C. To gain insight into the mechanistic bases of such enantioselectivity, we solved the crystal structures of BCE in apo- and glycerol-bound forms at resolutions of 1.9 and 1.8 Å, respectively. In silico docking studies on the BCE structure confirmed that IPG esters with small acyl chains (≤ C6) were easily accommodated in the active site pocket, indicating that small conformational changes are necessary to accept longer substrates. Furthermore, docking studies suggested that enantioselectivity may be due to an improved stabilization of the tetrahedral reaction intermediate for the S-enantiomer. Contrary to the above functional data implying nonlipolytic functions, BCE displays a lipase-like 3D structure that hosts a "lid" domain capping the main entrance to the active site. In lipases the lid mediates catalysis through interfacial activation, a process that we did not observe for BCE. Overall, we present the functional-structural properties of an atypical carboxyl esterase that has nonlipase-like functions, yet possesses a lipase-like 3D fold. Our data provide original enzymatic information in view of BCE applications as an inexpensive, efficient biocatalyst for the production of enantiopure (S)-IPG. DATABASE Coordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (www.rcsb.org) under accession numbers 5O7G (apo-BCE) and 5OLU (glycerol-bound BCE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio De Vitis
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Martina L Contente
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Milani
- Biophysics Institute, National Research Council c/o, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Biophysics Institute, National Research Council c/o, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Pediatric Research Center "Romeo e Enrica Invernizzi", Cryo Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Louise J Gourlay
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Diego Romano
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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150
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Chen F, Zhang B, Parker RB, Laizure SC. Clinical implications of genetic variation in carboxylesterase drug metabolism. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:131-142. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1420164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert B. Parker
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - S. Casey Laizure
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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