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Cell-Based Reporter Release Assay to Determine the Activity of Calcium-Dependent Neurotoxins and Neuroactive Pharmaceuticals. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13040247. [PMID: 33808507 PMCID: PMC8066854 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The suitability of a newly developed cell-based functional assay was tested for the detection of the activity of a range of neurotoxins and neuroactive pharmaceuticals which act by stimulation or inhibition of calcium-dependent neurotransmitter release. In this functional assay, a reporter enzyme is released concomitantly with the neurotransmitter from neurosecretory vesicles. The current study showed that the release of a luciferase from a differentiated human neuroblastoma-based reporter cell line (SIMA-hPOMC1-26-GLuc cells) can be stimulated by a carbachol-mediated activation of the Gq-coupled muscarinic-acetylcholine receptor and by the Ca2+-channel forming spider toxin α-latrotoxin. Carbachol-stimulated luciferase release was completely inhibited by the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist atropine and α-latrotoxin-mediated release by the Ca2+-chelator EGTA, demonstrating the specificity of luciferase-release stimulation. SIMA-hPOMC1-26-GLuc cells express mainly L- and N-type and to a lesser extent T-type VGCC on the mRNA and protein level. In accordance with the expression profile a depolarization-stimulated luciferase release by a high K+-buffer was effectively and dose-dependently inhibited by L-type VGCC inhibitors and to a lesser extent by N-type and T-type inhibitors. P/Q- and R-type inhibitors did not affect the K+-stimulated luciferase release. In summary, the newly established cell-based assay may represent a versatile tool to analyze the biological efficiency of a range of neurotoxins and neuroactive pharmaceuticals which mediate their activity by the modulation of calcium-dependent neurotransmitter release.
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Selective Synthesis of N-Acylnortropane Derivatives in Palladium-Catalysed Aminocarbonylation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061813. [PMID: 33807018 PMCID: PMC8004868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aminocarbonylation of various alkenyl and (hetero)aryl iodides was carried out using tropane-based amines of biological importance, such as 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one (nortropinone) and 3α-hydroxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (nortropine) as N-nucleophile. Using iodoalkenes, the two nucleophiles were selectively converted to the corresponding amide in the presence of Pd(OAc)2/2 PPh3 catalysts. In the presence of several iodo(hetero)arenes, the application of the bidentate Xantphos was necessary to produce the target compounds selectively. The new carboxamides of varied structure, formed in palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation reactions, were isolated and fully characterized. In this way, a novel synthetic method has been developed for the producing of N-acylnortropane derivatives of biological importance.
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Rajewski A, Carter-House D, Stajich J, Litt A. Datura genome reveals duplications of psychoactive alkaloid biosynthetic genes and high mutation rate following tissue culture. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:201. [PMID: 33752605 PMCID: PMC7986286 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07489-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Datura stramonium (Jimsonweed) is a medicinally and pharmaceutically important plant in the nightshade family (Solanaceae) known for its production of various toxic, hallucinogenic, and therapeutic tropane alkaloids. Recently, we published a tissue-culture based transformation protocol for D. stramonium that enables more thorough functional genomics studies of this plant. However, the tissue culture process can lead to undesirable phenotypic and genomic consequences independent of the transgene used. Here, we have assembled and annotated a draft genome of D. stramonium with a focus on tropane alkaloid biosynthetic genes. We then use mRNA sequencing and genome resequencing of transformants to characterize changes following tissue culture. RESULTS Our draft assembly conforms to the expected 2 gigabasepair haploid genome size of this plant and achieved a BUSCO score of 94.7% complete, single-copy genes. The repetitive content of the genome is 61%, with Gypsy-type retrotransposons accounting for half of this. Our gene annotation estimates the number of protein-coding genes at 52,149 and shows evidence of duplications in two key alkaloid biosynthetic genes, tropinone reductase I and hyoscyamine 6 β-hydroxylase. Following tissue culture, we detected only 186 differentially expressed genes, but were unable to correlate these changes in expression with either polymorphisms from resequencing or positional effects of transposons. CONCLUSIONS We have assembled, annotated, and characterized the first draft genome for this important model plant species. Using this resource, we show duplications of genes leading to the synthesis of the medicinally important alkaloid, scopolamine. Our results also demonstrate that following tissue culture, mutation rates of transformed plants are quite high (1.16 × 10- 3 mutations per site), but do not have a drastic impact on gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rajewski
- Department of Botany and Plant Science, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 USA
| | - Derreck Carter-House
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 USA
| | - Jason Stajich
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 USA
| | - Amy Litt
- Department of Botany and Plant Science, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 USA
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Qiu F, Yan Y, Zeng J, Huang JP, Zeng L, Zhong W, Lan X, Chen M, Huang SX, Liao Z. Biochemical and Metabolic Insights into Hyoscyamine Dehydrogenase. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yijun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Junlan Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jian-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lingjiang Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiaozhong Lan
- TAAHC-SWU Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, Tibetan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Sheng-Xiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhihua Liao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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105
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Lima DJP, Santana AEG, Birkett MA, Porto RS. Recent progress in the synthesis of homotropane alkaloids adaline, euphococcinine and N-methyleuphococcinine. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:28-41. [PMID: 33488829 PMCID: PMC7801782 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane ring system is present in several insect- and plant-derived alkaloids. (-)-Adaline (1) and (+)-euphococcinine (2), found in secretions of Coccinelid beetles, and (+)-N-methyleuphococcinine (3), isolated from the Colorado blue spruce Picea pungens, are members of this alkaloid family. Their unique bicyclic system with a quaternary stereocenter, and the potent biological activity exerted by these homotropane alkaloids, make them attractive synthetic targets. This work aims briefly to review the chemical ecology of Adalia bipunctata and the recent methodologies to obtain adaline (1), euphococcinine (2), and N-methyleuphococcinine (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimas J P Lima
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072970, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Antonio E G Santana
- Center of Engineering and Agrarian Science, Federal University of Alagoas, 57100-000, Rio Largo, Brazil
| | - Michael A Birkett
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdon
| | - Ricardo S Porto
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072970, Maceió, Brazil
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106
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De-la-Cruz IM, Hallab A, Olivares-Pinto U, Tapia-López R, Velázquez-Márquez S, Piñero D, Oyama K, Usadel B, Núñez-Farfán J. Genomic signatures of the evolution of defence against its natural enemies in the poisonous and medicinal plant Datura stramonium (Solanaceae). Sci Rep 2021; 11:882. [PMID: 33441607 PMCID: PMC7806989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropane alkaloids and terpenoids are widely used in the medicine and pharmaceutic industry and evolved as chemical defenses against herbivores and pathogens in the annual herb Datura stramonium (Solanaceae). Here, we present the first draft genomes of two plants from contrasting environments of D. stramonium. Using these de novo assemblies, along with other previously published genomes from 11 Solanaceae species, we carried out comparative genomic analyses to provide insights on the genome evolution of D. stramonium within the Solanaceae family, and to elucidate adaptive genomic signatures to biotic and abiotic stresses in this plant. We also studied, in detail, the evolution of four genes of D. stramonium-Putrescine N-methyltransferase, Tropinone reductase I, Tropinone reductase II and Hyoscyamine-6S-dioxygenase-involved in the tropane alkaloid biosynthesis. Our analyses revealed that the genomes of D. stramonium show signatures of expansion, physicochemical divergence and/or positive selection on proteins related to the production of tropane alkaloids, terpenoids, and glycoalkaloids as well as on R defensive genes and other important proteins related with biotic and abiotic pressures such as defense against natural enemies and drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M De-la-Cruz
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Hallab
- IBG-4 Bioinformatics, CEPLAS, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Julich, Germany
| | - U Olivares-Pinto
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - R Tapia-López
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S Velázquez-Márquez
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - D Piñero
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - K Oyama
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores and Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus Morelia, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - B Usadel
- IBG-4 Bioinformatics, CEPLAS, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Julich, Germany
- Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Núñez-Farfán
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
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107
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Bisht R, Bhattacharyya A, Shrivastava A, Saxena P. An Overview of the Medicinally Important Plant Type III PKS Derived Polyketides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:746908. [PMID: 34721474 PMCID: PMC8551677 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.746908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce interesting secondary metabolites that are a valuable source of both medicines for human use, along with significant advantages for the manufacturer species. The active compounds which lead to these instrumental effects are generally secondary metabolites produced during various plant growth phases, which provide the host survival advantages while affecting human health inadvertently. Different chemical classes of secondary metabolites are biosynthesized by the plant type III polyketide synthases (PKSs). They are simple homodimeric proteins with the unique mechanistic potential to produce a broad array of secondary metabolites by utilizing simpler starter and extender units. These PKS derived products are majorly the precursors of some important secondary metabolite pathways leading to products such as flavonoids, stilbenes, benzalacetones, chromones, acridones, xanthones, cannabinoids, aliphatic waxes, alkaloids, anthrones, and pyrones. These secondary metabolites have various pharmaceutical, medicinal and industrial applications which make biosynthesizing type III PKSs an important tool for bioengineering purposes. Because of their structural simplicity and ease of manipulation, these enzymes have garnered interest in recent years due to their application in the generation of unnatural natural polyketides and modified products in the search for newer drugs for a variety of health problems. The following review covers the biosynthesis of a variety of type III PKS-derived secondary metabolites, their biological relevance, the associated enzymes, and recent research.
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108
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Gamir J, Minchev Z, Berrio E, García JM, De Lorenzo G, Pozo MJ. Roots drive oligogalacturonide-induced systemic immunity in tomato. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:275-289. [PMID: 33070347 PMCID: PMC7883634 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Oligogalacturonides (OGs) are fragments of pectin released from the plant cell wall during insect or pathogen attack. They can be perceived by the plant as damage signals, triggering local and systemic defence responses. Here, we analyse the dynamics of local and systemic responses to OG perception in tomato roots or shoots, exploring their impact across the plant and their relevance in pathogen resistance. Targeted and untargeted metabolomics and gene expression analysis in plants treated with purified OGs revealed that local responses were transient, while distal responses were stronger and more sustained. Remarkably, changes were more conspicuous in roots, even upon foliar application of the OGs. The treatments differentially activated the synthesis of defence-related hormones and secondary metabolites including flavonoids, alkaloids and lignans, some of them exclusively synthetized in roots. Finally, the biological relevance of the systemic defence responses activated upon OG perception was confirmed, as the treatment induced systemic resistance to Botrytis cinerea. Overall, this study shows the differential regulation of tomato defences upon OGs perception in roots and shoots and reveals the key role of roots in the coordination of the plant responses to damage sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Gamir
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic SystemsEstación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC)GranadaSpain
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie C. DarwinSapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Zhivko Minchev
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic SystemsEstación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC)GranadaSpain
| | - Estefanía Berrio
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic SystemsEstación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC)GranadaSpain
| | - Juan M. García
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic SystemsEstación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC)GranadaSpain
| | - Giulia De Lorenzo
- Present address: Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Group, Plant Physiology Section, Unidad Asociada a la EEZ‐CSIC, Dept Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume ICastellónSpain
| | - Maria J. Pozo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic SystemsEstación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC)GranadaSpain
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109
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Koetz M, Klein-Junior LC, Santos MC, da Silva TA, Toson NSB, Henriques AT. An ultrasound assisted extraction-solid-phase extraction-ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined strategy for atropine determination in Atropa belladonna leaves. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5053. [PMID: 33314218 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Atropine is an antimuscarinic alkaloid identified in Atropa belladonna. In pharmacopeias, percolation is standardized as an extraction method for A. belladonna leaves, along with liquid-liquid extraction as a cleanup procedure and titration as an analytical method for assaying the atropine in the leaves. In this study, a faster, solvent-saving, and more reliable method for quality control of A. belladonna samples was developed. Ultrasound-assisted extraction was proposed and optimized by fractional factorial design followed by Box-Behnken design. For modeling atropine content, the following optimal conditions were established: particle size, 180 μm; percentage methanol in water, 50%; volume of solvent, 15 ml; time of extraction, 60 min; and number of extractions, two. This led to a significant improvement in atropine extraction (P < 0.001). For cleanup, solid-phase extraction was used as an alternative to liquid-liquid extraction, giving similar results, with higher reproducibility. Finally, for the atropine assay, a UPLC method was validated as a substitute for the classic titration method. Taken together, the development of an ultrasound-assisted extraction-solid-phase extraction-UPLC approach allowed the determination of atropine content in A. belladonna leaves in a time- and solvent-saving manner, with high reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Koetz
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Quality Control of Phytomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Klein-Junior
- School of Health Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Marí C Santos
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Quality Control of Phytomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thamires A da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Quality Control of Phytomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natally S B Toson
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Quality Control of Phytomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amélia T Henriques
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Quality Control of Phytomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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110
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Piechowska K, Mizerska-Kowalska M, Zdzisińska B, Cytarska J, Baranowska-Łączkowska A, Jaroch K, Łuczykowski K, Płaziński W, Bojko B, Kruszewski S, Misiura K, Łączkowski KZ. Tropinone-Derived Alkaloids as Potent Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Tyrosinase Inhibition, Mechanism of Action, DFT Calculation, and Molecular Docking Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239050. [PMID: 33260768 PMCID: PMC7731314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of hybrid compounds with tropinone and thiazole rings in the structure was designed and synthesized as potential anticancer agents. They were tested against human multiple myeloma (RPMI 8226), lung carcinoma (A549), breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231), and mouse skin melanoma (B16-F10) cell lines. Toxicity was tested on human normal skin fibroblasts (HSF) and normal colon fibroblasts (CCD-18Co). The growth inhibition mechanism of the most active derivative was analyzed through investigation of its effect on the distribution of cell cycle phases and ability to induce apoptosis and necrosis in RPMI 8226 and A549 cancer cells. The tyrosinase inhibitory potential was assessed, followed by molecular docking studies. Compounds 3a–3h show high anticancer activity against MDA-MB-231 and B16-F10 cell lines with IC50 values of 1.51–3.03 µM. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of the investigated compounds against HSF and CCD-18Co cells was 8–70 times lower than against the cancer cells or no toxicity was shown in our tests, with derivative 3a being particularly successful. The mechanism of action of compound 3a in RPMI 8226 cell was shown to be through induction of cell death through apoptosis. The derivatives show ability to inhibit the tyrosinase activity with a mixed mechanism of inhibition. The final molecular docking results showed for IC50 distinct correlation with experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Piechowska
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.P.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Magdalena Mizerska-Kowalska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.-K.); (B.Z.)
| | - Barbara Zdzisińska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.-K.); (B.Z.)
| | - Joanna Cytarska
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.P.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
| | | | - Karol Jaroch
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.J.); (K.Ł.); (B.B.)
| | - Kamil Łuczykowski
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.J.); (K.Ł.); (B.B.)
| | - Wojciech Płaziński
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.J.); (K.Ł.); (B.B.)
| | - Stefan Kruszewski
- Medical Physics Division, Biophysics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jagiellońska 13, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Konrad Misiura
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.P.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Krzysztof Z. Łączkowski
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.P.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence:
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111
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Alfaro M, Alfaro I, Angel C. Identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease from tropane alkaloids from Schizanthus porrigens: A molecular docking study. Chem Phys Lett 2020; 761:138068. [PMID: 33052144 PMCID: PMC7540197 DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 are needed. The papain-like protease represents an important target for antivirals. We investigated tropane alkaloids from Schizanthus porrigens. By molecular docking and MS simulations we identified two leads. Shizanthine Z has favorable ADME properties and can be considered a lead.
This paper presents identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease from tropane alkaloids from Schizanthus porrigens, using molecular docking method. Binding affinities were compared with those obtained with Lopinavir as a SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibitor. Overall, our findings indicate that Schizanthine Z binds to the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease with relatively high affinity and favorable ADME properties. Therefore, Schizanthine Z may represent an appropriate compound for further evaluation in antiviral assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Alfaro
- Departamento de Química, Campus Andrés Bello, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, Colina el Pino S/N, La Serena, Chile.,Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, Colina el Pino S/N, La Serena, Chile
| | - Ignacio Alfaro
- Departamento de Química, Campus Andrés Bello, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, Colina el Pino S/N, La Serena, Chile.,Centro de Investigación CENBIOEL, La Serena, Chile
| | - Constanza Angel
- Departamento de Química, Campus Andrés Bello, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, Colina el Pino S/N, La Serena, Chile.,Centro de Investigación CENBIOEL, La Serena, Chile
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Brito LSDO, Pinto FDCL, de Filho MOM, Rocha DD, Mendoza MFM, Ayala AP, Bezerra BP, Loiola MIB, Canuto KM, Silveira ER, Pessoa ODL. Tropane alkaloids from the stem bark of Erythroxylum bezerrae. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 178:112458. [PMID: 32888670 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Six previously undescribed tropane alkaloids, designated as erythrobezerrines A-F, were isolated from the EtOH extract from the stem bark of Erythroxylum bezerrae Plowman. Their structures were elucidated based on the interpretation of the NMR and MS data and in some instances, confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds was evaluated against the cancer cell lines L929, PC-3, HCT-116, SNB-19 and NCI-H460, but only erythrobezerrine C showed moderate activity with IC50 values of 3.38 and 5.43 μM for HCT-116 and NCI-H460, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana San de O Brito
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco das Chagas L Pinto
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico M de Filho
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Danilo D Rocha
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda M Mendoza
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Pedro Ayala
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Iracema B Loiola
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Kirley M Canuto
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, R. Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270, 60511-110, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Edilberto R Silveira
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Otilia Deusdenia L Pessoa
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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113
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Thakur A. Wonder drug for healing of second-degree burn and burn pain management. Burns 2020; 46:1725-1726. [PMID: 32980175 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alok Thakur
- Center for Holistic Health, Cross 10, 8-Tapovan Enclave, Dehradun 248008, India.
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114
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Srinivasan P, Smolke CD. Biosynthesis of medicinal tropane alkaloids in yeast. Nature 2020; 585:614-619. [PMID: 32879484 PMCID: PMC7529995 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tropane alkaloids from nightshade plants are neurotransmitter inhibitors that are used for treating neuromuscular disorders and are classified as essential medicines by the World Health Organization1,2. Challenges in global supplies have resulted in frequent shortages of these drugs3,4. Further vulnerabilities in supply chains have been revealed by events such as the Australian wildfires5 and the COVID-19 pandemic6. Rapidly deployable production strategies that are robust to environmental and socioeconomic upheaval7,8 are needed. Here we engineered baker's yeast to produce the medicinal alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopolamine, starting from simple sugars and amino acids. We combined functional genomics to identify a missing pathway enzyme, protein engineering to enable the functional expression of an acyltransferase via trafficking to the vacuole, heterologous transporters to facilitate intracellular routing, and strain optimization to improve titres. Our integrated system positions more than twenty proteins adapted from yeast, bacteria, plants and animals across six sub-cellular locations to recapitulate the spatial organization of tropane alkaloid biosynthesis in plants. Microbial biosynthesis platforms can facilitate the discovery of tropane alkaloid derivatives as new therapeutic agents for neurological disease and, once scaled, enable robust and agile supply of these essential medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina D Smolke
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Maurya VK, Kumar S, Kabir R, Shrivastava G, Shanker K, Nayak D, Khurana A, Manchanda RK, Gadugu S, Kar SK, Verma AK, Saxena SK. Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Belladonna. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3937-3954. [PMID: 32662978 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Belladonna has diverse pharmacotherapeutic properties with a shadowy history of beauty, life, and death. Alkaloids present in belladonna have anti-inflammatory, anticholinergic, antispasmodic, mydriatic, analgesic, anticonvulsant, and antimicrobial activities, which makes it widely applicable for the treatment of various diseases. However, because of its associated toxicity, the medicinal use of belladonna is debatable. Therefore, an evidence-based systematic review was planned to elucidate the pharmacotherapeutic potential of belladonna. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, the Cochrane database, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov using the keywords "belladonna", "belladonna and clinical trials", and "safety and efficacy of belladonna". Articles published from 1965 to 2020 showing the efficacy of belladonna in diverse clinical conditions are included. The quality of evidence was generated using the GRADE approach, and 20 studies involving 2302 patients were included for the systematic review. Our analyses suggest that belladonna treatment appears to be safe and effective in various disease conditions, including acute encephalitis syndrome, urethral stent pain, myocardial ischemia injury, airway obstructions during sleep in infants, climacteric complaints, irritable bowel syndrome, and throbbing headache. However, better understanding of the dosage and the toxicity of tropane alkaloids of belladonna could make it an efficient remedy for treating diverse medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal K. Maurya
- Centre for Advanced Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Swatantra Kumar
- Centre for Advanced Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Russell Kabir
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Gaurav Shrivastava
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Karuna Shanker
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Debadatta Nayak
- CCRH, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India, New Delhi 110058, India
| | - Anil Khurana
- CCRH, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India, New Delhi 110058, India
| | - Raj K Manchanda
- CCRH, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India, New Delhi 110058, India
| | - Srinivasulu Gadugu
- Department of Medicine, JSPS Government Medical College, Hyderabad 500013, India
| | - Sujita K. Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Anoop K. Verma
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Shailendra K. Saxena
- Centre for Advanced Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
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117
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Lichman BR. The scaffold-forming steps of plant alkaloid biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:103-129. [PMID: 32745157 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00031k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids from plants are characterised by structural diversity and bioactivity, and maintain a privileged position in both modern and traditional medicines. In recent years, there have been significant advances in elucidating the biosynthetic origins of plant alkaloids. In this review, I will describe the progress made in determining the metabolic origins of the so-called true alkaloids, specialised metabolites derived from amino acids containing a nitrogen heterocycle. By identifying key biosynthetic steps that feature in the majority of pathways, I highlight the key roles played by modifications to primary metabolism, iminium reactivity and spontaneous reactions in the molecular and evolutionary origins of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Lichman
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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118
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Le V, Quinn TP, Tran T, Venkatesh S. Deep in the Bowel: Highly Interpretable Neural Encoder-Decoder Networks Predict Gut Metabolites from Gut Microbiome. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:256. [PMID: 32689932 PMCID: PMC7370527 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technological advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) and chromatographic assays [e.g., liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)] have made it possible to identify thousands of microbe and metabolite species, and to measure their relative abundance. In this paper, we propose a sparse neural encoder-decoder network to predict metabolite abundances from microbe abundances. RESULTS Using paired data from a cohort of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, we show that our neural encoder-decoder model outperforms linear univariate and multivariate methods in terms of accuracy, sparsity, and stability. Importantly, we show that our neural encoder-decoder model is not simply a black box designed to maximize predictive accuracy. Rather, the network's hidden layer (i.e., the latent space, comprised only of sparsely weighted microbe counts) actually captures key microbe-metabolite relationships that are themselves clinically meaningful. Although this hidden layer is learned without any knowledge of the patient's diagnosis, we show that the learned latent features are structured in a way that predicts IBD and treatment status with high accuracy. CONCLUSIONS By imposing a non-negative weights constraint, the network becomes a directed graph where each downstream node is interpretable as the additive combination of the upstream nodes. Here, the middle layer comprises distinct microbe-metabolite axes that relate key microbial biomarkers with metabolite biomarkers. By pre-processing the microbiome and metabolome data using compositional data analysis methods, we ensure that our proposed multi-omics workflow will generalize to any pair of -omics data. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first application of neural encoder-decoders for the interpretable integration of multi-omics biological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuong Le
- Applied AI Institute, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Truyen Tran
- Applied AI Institute, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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119
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De-la-Cruz IM, Núñez-Farfán J. The complete chloroplast genomes of two Mexican plants of the annual herb Datura stramonium (Solanaceae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2020; 5:2823-2825. [PMID: 33457963 PMCID: PMC7782494 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1789516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The annual herb, Datura stramonium, is a member of the Solanaceae family. In this study, we report the chloroplast genomes of two Mexican plants of D. stramonium. Both chloroplast genomes of D. stramonium (GenBank accessions: MT610896 and MT610897) were assembled as a circular molecule. The genome size of both plants was similar (155,884 bp). The overall GC content was 38.59% for both genomes. Both chloroplast genomes contained 85 protein-coding sequences (CDS), 131 genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 38 tRNA genes. Thirty-nine microsatellites (SSRs) and 42 long tandem repeats were also identified for both genomes. The phylogenetic relationship between D. stramonium and related Solanaceae species revealed four main groups; Nicotiana, Datura, Capsicum, and Solanum clades. This species tree is consistent with other Solanaceae species trees already published.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M De-la-Cruz
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Ecology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Núñez-Farfán
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Ecology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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120
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Chen WN, Yeong KY. Scopolamine, a Toxin-Induced Experimental Model, Used for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:85-93. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200214104331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Scopolamine as a drug is often used to treat motion sickness. Derivatives of scopolamine
have also found applications as antispasmodic drugs among others. In neuroscience-related research, it
is often used to induce cognitive disorders in experimental models as it readily permeates the bloodbrain
barrier. In the context of Alzheimer’s disease, its effects include causing cholinergic dysfunction
and increasing amyloid-β deposition, both of which are hallmarks of the disease. Hence, the application
of scopolamine in Alzheimer’s disease research is proven pivotal but seldom discussed. In this review,
the relationship between scopolamine and Alzheimer’s disease will be delineated through an
overall effect of scopolamine administration and its specific mechanisms of action, discussing mainly
its influences on cholinergic function and amyloid cascade. The validity of scopolamine as a model of
cognitive impairment or neurotoxin model will also be discussed in terms of advantages and limitations
with future insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Win Ning Chen
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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121
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Tan JP, Li X, Chen Y, Rong X, Zhu L, Jiang C, Xiao K, Wang T. Highly stereoselective construction of polycyclic benzofused tropane scaffolds and their latent bioactivities: bifunctional phosphonium salt-enabled cyclodearomatization process. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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122
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Ma XY, Huang JP, Yang J, Liu X, Hu X, Huang SX. Concise and efficient syntheses of methyl 4-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-3-oxobutanoate and hygrine. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2019-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Methyl 4-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-3-oxobutanoate and hygrine are important biosynthetic intermediates for tropane alkaloids. We have developed a concise method to synthesize these two compounds from the key intermediate N-methylpyrrolinium cation. Methyl 4-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-3-oxobutanoate and hygrine were obtained in four and six steps from commercially available 4,4-diethoxybutylamine with overall yields of 42% and 25%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institutes of Higher Education, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, P.R. China
| | - Xingyong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institutes of Higher Education, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, P.R. China
| | - Xinjun Hu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Xiong Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institutes of Higher Education, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, P.R. China
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123
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Qiu F, Zeng J, Wang J, Huang JP, Zhou W, Yang C, Lan X, Chen M, Huang SX, Kai G, Liao Z. Functional genomics analysis reveals two novel genes required for littorine biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1906-1914. [PMID: 31705812 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Some medicinal plants of the Solanaceae produce pharmaceutical tropane alkaloids (TAs), such as hyoscyamine and scopolamine. Littorine is a key biosynthetic intermediate in the hyoscyamine and scopolamine biosynthetic pathways. However, the mechanism underlying littorine formation from the precursors phenyllactate and tropine is not completely understood. Here, we report the elucidation of littorine biosynthesis through a functional genomics approach and functional identification of two novel biosynthesis genes that encode phenyllactate UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT1) and littorine synthase (LS). UGT1 and LS are highly and specifically expressed in Atropa belladonna secondary roots. Suppression of either UGT1 or LS disrupted the biosynthesis of littorine and its TA derivatives (hyoscyamine and scopolamine). Purified His-tagged UGT1 catalysed phenyllactate glycosylation to form phenyllactylglucose. UGT1 and LS co-expression in tobacco leaves led to littorine synthesis if tropine and phenyllactate were added. This identification of UGT1 and LS provides the missing link in littorine biosynthesis. The results pave the way for producing hyoscyamine and scopolamine for medical use by metabolic engineering or synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Junlan Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jian-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, China
| | - Chunxian Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaozhong Lan
- TAAHC-SWU Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, Tibetan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi of Tibet, 860000, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Sheng-Xiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, China
| | - Zhihua Liao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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124
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Seck R, Gassama A, Cojean S, Cavé C. Synthesis and Antimalarial Activity of 1,4-Disubstituted Piperidine Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020299. [PMID: 31940857 PMCID: PMC7024169 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to prepare, at low cost, new compounds active against Plasmodium falciparum, and with a less side-effects, we have designed and synthesized a library of 1,4-disubstituted piperidine derivatives from 4-aminopiperidine derivatives 6. The resulting compound library has been evaluated against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of P. falciparum. The most active molecules—compounds 12d (13.64 nM (3D7)), 13b (4.19 nM (3D7) and 13.30 nM (W2)), and 12a (11.6 nM (W2))—were comparable to chloroquine (22.38 nM (3D7) and 134.12 nM (W2)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokhyatou Seck
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique des Matériaux (LCPM), Université Assane SECK de Ziguinchor, Ziguinchor BP 523, Senegal;
| | - Abdoulaye Gassama
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique des Matériaux (LCPM), Université Assane SECK de Ziguinchor, Ziguinchor BP 523, Senegal;
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Sandrine Cojean
- Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, APHP, 75018 Paris, France;
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS BioCIS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Christian Cavé
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS BioCIS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (C.C.)
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125
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Esteban A, Izquierdo I, García N, Sexmero MJ, Garrido NM, Marcos IS, Sanz F, Jambrina PG, Ortega P, Diez D. Asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of a chiral cyclic nitrone for the synthesis of new tropane alkaloids. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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126
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127
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Wolosewicz K, Podgorska K, Rutkowska E, Lazny R. Synthesis of Dicarbonyl Curcumin Analogues Containing the Tropane Scaffold. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Wolosewicz
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Bialystok; Ciołkowskiego 1K 15-245 Bialystok Poland
| | - Katarzyna Podgorska
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Bialystok; Ciołkowskiego 1K 15-245 Bialystok Poland
| | - Ewelina Rutkowska
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Bialystok; Ciołkowskiego 1K 15-245 Bialystok Poland
| | - Ryszard Lazny
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Bialystok; Ciołkowskiego 1K 15-245 Bialystok Poland
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128
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Piechowska K, Świtalska M, Cytarska J, Jaroch K, Łuczykowski K, Chałupka J, Wietrzyk J, Misiura K, Bojko B, Kruszewski S, Łączkowski KZ. Discovery of tropinone-thiazole derivatives as potent caspase 3/7 activators, and noncompetitive tyrosinase inhibitors with high antiproliferative activity: Rational design, one-pot tricomponent synthesis, and lipophilicity determination. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 175:162-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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129
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Effects of Water Availability in the Soil on Tropane Alkaloid Production in Cultivated Datura stramonium. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9070131. [PMID: 31277288 PMCID: PMC6680536 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9070131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: different Solanaceae and Erythroxylaceae species produce tropane alkaloids. These alkaloids are the starting material in the production of different pharmaceuticals. The commercial demand for tropane alkaloids is covered by extracting them from cultivated plants. Datura stramonium is cultivated under greenhouse conditions as a source of tropane alkaloids. Here we investigate the effect of different levels of water availability in the soil on the production of tropane alkaloids by D. stramonium. Methods: We tested four irrigation levels on the accumulation of tropane alkaloids. We analyzed the profile of tropane alkaloids using an untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method. Results: Using a combination of informatics and manual interpretation of mass spectra, we generated several structure hypotheses for signals in D. stramonium extracts that we assign as putative tropane alkaloids. Quantitation of mass spectrometry signals for our structure hypotheses across different anatomical organs allowed us to identify patterns of tropane alkaloids associated with different levels of irrigation. Furthermore, we identified anatomic partitioning of tropane alkaloid isomers with pharmaceutical applications. Conclusions: Our results show that soil water availability is an effective method for maximizing the production of specific tropane alkaloids for industrial applications.
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