1
|
Htwe YM, Shi P, Zhang D, Li Z, Yu Q, Wang Y. GWAS determined genetic loci associated with callus induction in oil palm tissue culture. Plant Cell Rep 2024; 43:128. [PMID: 38652306 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE GWAS identified six loci at 25 kb downstream of WAK2, a crucial gene for cell wall and callus formation, enabling development of a SNP marker for enhanced callus induction potential. Efficient callus induction is vital for successful oil palm tissue culture, yet identifying genomic loci and markers for early detection of genotypes with high potential of callus induction remains unclear. In this study, immature male inflorescences from 198 oil palm accessions (dura, tenera and pisifera) were used as explants for tissue culture. Callus induction rates were collected at one-, two- and three-months after inoculation (C1, C2 and C3) as phenotypes. Resequencing generated 11,475,258 high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as genotypes. GWAS was then performed, and correlation analysis revealed a positive association of C1 with both C2 (R = 0.81) and C3 (R = 0.50), indicating that C1 could be used as the major phenotype for callus induction rate. Therefore, only significant SNPs (P ≤ 0.05) in C1 were identified to develop markers for screening individuals with high potential of callus induction. Among 21 significant SNPs in C1, LD block analysis revealed six SNPs on chromosome 12 (Chr12) potentially linked to callus formation. Subsequently, 13 SNP markers were identified from these loci and electrophoresis results showed that marker C-12 at locus Chr12_12704856 can be used effectively to distinguish the GG allele, which showed the highest probability (69%) of callus induction. Furthermore, a rapid SNP variant detection method without electrophoresis was established via qPCR-based melting curve analysis. Our findings facilitated marker-assisted selection for specific palms with high potential of callus induction using immature male inflorescence as explant, aiding ortet palm selection in oil palm tissue culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Min Htwe
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Peng Shi
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Zhiying Li
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Qun Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan, China.
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li W, Zhu J, Li J, Jiang Y, Sun J, Xu Y, Pan H, Zhou Y, Zhu J. Research advances of tissue-derived extracellular vesicles in cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:184. [PMID: 38598014 PMCID: PMC11006789 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can mediate cell-to-cell communication and affect various physiological and pathological processes in both parent and recipient cells. Currently, extensive research has focused on the EVs derived from cell cultures and various body fluids. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the EVs derived from tissues. Tissue EVs can reflect the microenvironment of the specific tissue and the cross-talk of communication among different cells, which can provide more accurate and comprehensive information for understanding the development and progression of diseases. METHODS We review the state-of-the-art technologies involved in the isolation and purification of tissue EVs. Then, the latest research progress of tissue EVs in the mechanism of tumor occurrence and development is presented. And finally, the application of tissue EVs in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer is anticipated. RESULTS We evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various tissue processing and EVs isolation methods, and subsequently analyze the significance of protein characterization in determining the purity of tissue EVs. Furthermore, we focus on outlining the importance of EVs derived from tumor and adipose tissues in tumorigenesis and development, as well as their potential applications in early tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. CONCLUSION When isolating and characterizing tissue EVs, the most appropriate protocol needs to be specified based on the characteristics of different tissues. Tissue EVs are valuable in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of tumors, and the potential risks associated with tissue EVs need to be considered as therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyao Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyun Jiang
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuai Sun
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Research Laboratory for Functional Nanomaterial, National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Pan
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Research Laboratory for Functional Nanomaterial, National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Butch E, Prideaux M, Holland M, Phan JT, Trent C, Soon V, Hutchins G, Smith L. The 'bIUreactor': An Open-Source 3D Tissue Research Platform. Ann Biomed Eng 2024:10.1007/s10439-024-03481-5. [PMID: 38532173 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
We developed the open-source bIUreactor research platform for studying 3D structured tissues. The versatile and modular platform allows a researcher to generate 3D tissues, culture them with oxygenated perfusion, and provide cyclic loading, all in their own lab (in laboratorium) for an all in cost of $8,000 including 3D printer, printing resin, and electronics. We achieved this by applying a design philosophy that leverages 3D printing, open-source software and hardware, and practical techniques to produce the following: 1. perfusible 3D tissues, 2. a bioreactor chamber for tissue culture, 3. a module for applying cyclic compression, 4. a peristaltic pump for providing oxygenated perfusion to 3D tissues, 5. motor control units, and 6. open-source code for running the control units. By making it widely available for researchers to investigate 3D tissue models and easy for them to use, we intend for the bIUreactor to democratize 3D tissue research, therefore increasing the pace and scale of biomedical research discoveries using 3D tissue models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Butch
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew Prideaux
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mark Holland
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Justin-Thuy Phan
- Smith BioFab Lab, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cole Trent
- Smith BioFab Lab, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Victor Soon
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gary Hutchins
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lester Smith
- Smith BioFab Lab, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Patel R, Menon J, Kumar S, Nóbrega MB, Patel DA, Sakure AA, Vaja MB. Modern day breeding approaches for improvement of castor. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27048. [PMID: 38463846 PMCID: PMC10920369 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an industrially important oil producing crop belongs to Euphorbiaceae family. Castor oil has unique chemical properties make it industrially important crop. It is a member of monotypic genus even though it has ample amount of variability. Using this variability, conventionally many varieties and hybrids have been developed. But, like other crops, the modern and unconventional methods of crop improvement has not fully explored in castor. This article discusses the use of polyploidy induction, distant/wide hybridization and mutation breeding as tools for generating variety. Modern approaches accelerate the speed of crop breeding as an alternative tool. To achieve this goal, molecular markers are employed in breeding to capture the genetic variability through molecular analysis and population structuring. Allele mining is used to trace the evolution of alleles, identify new haplotypes and produce allele specific markers for use in marker aided selection using Genome wide association studies (GWAS) and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. Plant genetic transformation is a rapid and effective mode of castor improvement is also discussed here. The efforts towards developing stable regeneration protocol provide a wide range of utility like embryo rescue in distant crosses, development of somaclonal variation, haploid development using anther culture and callus development for stable genetic transformation has reviewed in this article. Omics has provided intuitions to the molecular mechanisms of (a)biotic stress management in castor along with dissected out the possible genes for improving the yield. Relating genes to traits offers additional scientific inevitability leading to enhancement and sympathetic mechanisms of yield improvement and several stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rumit Patel
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388110, India
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388110, India
| | - Juned Menon
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388110, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388110, India
| | - Márcia B.M. Nóbrega
- Embrapa Algodão, Rua Oswaldo Cruz, nº 1.143, Centenário, CEP 58428-095, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Dipak A. Patel
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388110, India
| | - Amar A. Sakure
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388110, India
| | - Mahesh B. Vaja
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388110, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Su P, Ding S, Wang D, Kan W, Yuan M, Chen X, Tang C, Hou J, Wu L. Plant morphology, secondary metabolites and chlorophyll fluorescence of Artemisia argyi under different LED environments. Photosynth Res 2024; 159:153-164. [PMID: 37204684 PMCID: PMC10197053 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Different light spectra from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) trigger species-specific adaptive responses in plants. We exposed Artemisia argyi (A. argyi) to four LED spectra: white (the control group), monochromatic red light (R), monochromatic blue light (B), or a mixture of R and B light of photon flux density ratio is 3 (RB), with equivalent photoperiod (14 h) and light intensity (160 μmol s-1 m-2). R light accelerated photomorphogenesis but decreased biomass, while B light significantly increased leaf area and short-term exposure (7 days) to B light increased total phenols and flavonoids. HPLC identified chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, gallic acid, jaceosidin, eupatilin, and taxol compounds, with RB and R light significantly accumulating chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and gallic acid, and B light promoting jaceosidin, eupatilin, and taxol. OJIP measurements showed that B light had the least effect on the effective quantum yield ΦPSII, with higher rETR(II), Fv/Fm, qL and PIabs, followed by RB light. R light led to faster photomorphology but lower biomass than RB and B lights and produced the most inadaptability, as shown by reduced ΦPSII and enlarged ΦNPQ and ΦNO. Overall, short-term B light promoted secondary metabolite production while maintaining effective quantum yield and less energy dissipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Su
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Ding
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Dacheng Wang
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Kan
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Yuan
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Chen
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiguo Tang
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Hou
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lifang Wu
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Zhongke Taihe Experimental Station, Taihe, 236626, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chavan J, Patil P, Patil A, Deshmukh A, Panari P, Mohite A, Lawand P, Yadav P, Bodhe M, Kadam A, Namdas D, Pawar B, Jadhav A, Shekhawat M, Santa-Catarina C. Salacia spp.: recent insights on biotechnological interventions and future perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:200. [PMID: 38326604 PMCID: PMC10850189 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The plants of the genus Salacia L. are the storehouse of several bioactive compounds, and are involved in treating human diseases and disorders. Hitherto, a number of reports have been published on in vitro biotechnology as well as microbial involvement in the improvement of Salacia spp. The present review provides comprehensive insights into biotechnological interventions such as tissue culture for plant propagation, in vitro cultures, and endophytic microbes for up-scaling the secondary metabolites and biological potential of Salacia spp. Other biotechnological interventions such as molecular markers and bio-nanomaterials for up-grading the prospective of Salacia spp. are also considered. The in vitro biotechnology of Salacia spp. is largely focused on plant regeneration, callus culture, cell suspension culture, somatic embryogenesis, and subsequent ex vitro establishment of the in vitro-raised plantlets. The compiled information on tissue cultural strategies, involvement of endophytes, molecular markers, and nanomaterials will assist the advanced research related to in vitro manipulation, domestication, and commercial cultivation of elite clones of Salacia spp. Moreover, the genetic diversity and other molecular-marker based assessments will aid in designing conservation policies as well as support upgrading and breeding initiatives for Salacia spp. KEY POINTS: • Salacia spp. plays a multifaceted role in human health and disease management. • Critical and updated assessment of tissue culture, endophytic microbes, metabolites, molecular markers, and bio-nanomaterials of Salacia spp. • Key shortcomings and future research directions for Salacia biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaykumar Chavan
- Department of Botany, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science (Autonomous), Lead College of Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil University, Satara, 415001, India.
| | - Priyanka Patil
- Department of Botany, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science (Autonomous), Lead College of Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil University, Satara, 415001, India
| | - Avdhoot Patil
- Department of Botany, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science (Autonomous), Lead College of Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil University, Satara, 415001, India
| | - Akshay Deshmukh
- Department of Botany, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science (Autonomous), Lead College of Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil University, Satara, 415001, India
| | - Pallavi Panari
- Department of Botany, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science (Autonomous), Lead College of Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil University, Satara, 415001, India
| | - Ashwini Mohite
- Department of Botany, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science (Autonomous), Lead College of Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil University, Satara, 415001, India
| | - Pramod Lawand
- Department of Botany, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science (Autonomous), Lead College of Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil University, Satara, 415001, India
| | - Pradnya Yadav
- Department of Botany, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science (Autonomous), Lead College of Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil University, Satara, 415001, India
| | - Minal Bodhe
- Department of Botany, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science (Autonomous), Lead College of Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil University, Satara, 415001, India
| | - Abhijit Kadam
- Department of Botany, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science (Autonomous), Lead College of Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil University, Satara, 415001, India
| | - Dada Namdas
- Department of Botany, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science (Autonomous), Lead College of Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil University, Satara, 415001, India
| | - Bandu Pawar
- Department of Microbiology, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science (Autonomous), Lead College of Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil University, Satara, 415001, India
| | - Amol Jadhav
- Department of Microbiology, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science (Autonomous), Lead College of Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil University, Satara, 415001, India
| | - Mahipal Shekhawat
- Plant Biotechnology Unit, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry, 605008, India
| | - Claudette Santa-Catarina
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular E Tecidual (LBCT), Centro de Biociências E Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bhutta N, Nunez-Martinez OF, Mei C, Bräutigam K. Seed Collection in Temperate Trees-Clean, Fast, and Effective Extraction of Populus Seeds for Laboratory Use and Long-term Storage. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e4927. [PMID: 38379829 PMCID: PMC10875353 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Seeds ensure the growth of a new generation of plants and are thus central to maintaining plant populations and ecosystem processes. Nevertheless, much remains to be learned about seed biology and responses of germinated seedlings to environmental challenges. Experiments aiming to close these knowledge gaps critically depend on the availability of healthy, viable seeds. Here, we report a protocol for the collection of seeds from plants in the genus Populus. This genus comprises trees with a wide distribution in temperate forests and with economic relevance, used as scientific models for perennial plants. As seed characteristics can vary drastically between taxonomic groups, protocols need to be tailored carefully. Our protocol takes the delicate nature of Populus seeds into account. It uses P. deltoides as an example and provides a template to optimize bulk seed extraction for other Populus species and plants with similar seed characteristics. The protocol is designed to only use items available in most labs and households and that can be sterilized easily. The unique characteristics of this protocol allow for the fast and effective extraction of high-quality seeds. Here, we report on seed collection, extraction, cleaning, storage, and viability tests. Moreover, extracted seeds are well suited for tissue culture and experiments under sterile conditions. Seed material obtained with this protocol can be used to further our understanding of tree seed biology, seedling performance under climate change, or diversity of forest genetic resources. Key features • Populus species produce seeds that are small, delicate, non-dormant, with plenty of seed hair. Collection of seed material needs to be timed properly. • Processing, seed extraction, seed cleaning, and storage using simple, sterilizable laboratory and household items only. Obtained seeds are pure, high quality, close to 100% viability. • Seeds work well in tissue culture and in experiments under sterile conditions. • Extractability, speed, and seed germination were studied and confirmed for Populus deltoides as an example. • Can also serve as template for bulk seed collection from other Populus species and plant groups that produce delicate seeds (with no or little modifications). Graphical overview.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naima Bhutta
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto
Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Oscar F. Nunez-Martinez
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto
Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University
of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carmen Mei
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto
Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University
of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katharina Bräutigam
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto
Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University
of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Uvelius B, Andersson KE. Early history of skin preservation and transplantation; the role of Carl August Ljunggren. J Med Biogr 2024; 32:82-89. [PMID: 35491684 DOI: 10.1177/09677720221099007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During the late 19th and the early 20th century there was an unprecedented development in medical research. Tissue and cell culture rapidly developed into areas with many contributing scientists. The same is true for tissue transplantation. When these achievements are described afterwards in a historical context and a mainline development is constructed, there are researchers whose pioneering work is forgotten. The present paper attempts to correct this and to present a correct description of the start of tissue preservation and transplantation. We have traced relevant original publications in international journals between 1870 and 1920. The traditional view is that Alexis Carrel was the first He received a Nobel Prize 1912 for his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs. The same year he published an article on human skin storage and transplantation. This was more than a decade later than Carl August Ljunggren (1860-1934) who 1898 published his pioneering but long forgotten work on human skin preservation and transplantation, and with a vision of tissue banks. Our article contains a brief biography of Ljunggren, and further reconstructs the processes that resulted in the lack of awareness today of his achievements. Conclusion: Carl August Ljunggren was the first to preserve human skin in vitro for prolonged periods, followed by transplantation of the specimens to other patients. He was also the first to propose the use of tissue banks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bengt Uvelius
- Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Karl-Erik Andersson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Roshni PT, Rekha PD. Biotechnological interventions for the production of forskolin, an active compound from the medicinal plant, Coleus forskohlii. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2024; 30:213-226. [PMID: 38623169 PMCID: PMC11016037 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Coleus forskohlii, an Indian-origin medicinal plant is the sole natural source of the labdane terpenoid forskolin (C22H34O7), with growing demand. Forskolin emerged as an industrially important bioactive compound, with many therapeutic applications in human health. It has established potential effects in the treatment of various diseases and conditions such as glaucoma, asthma, obesity, allergies, skin conditions and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, clinical trials against different types of cancers are progressing. The mechanism of action of forskolin mainly involves activating adenylyl cyclase and elevating cAMP, thereby regulating different cellular processes. For the extraction of forskolin, tuberous roots of C. forskohlii are used as they contain the highest concentration of this metabolite. Approximately 2500 tonnes of the plant are cultivated annually to produce a yield of 2000-2200 kg ha-1 of dry tubers. The forskolin content of the root is distributed in the range of 0.01-1%, which cannot meet the increasing commercial demands from industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, dietary supplements, food and beverages. Hence, various aspects of micropropagation with different culture methods that employ precursors or elicitors to improve the forskolin content have been explored. Different extraction and analytical methods are also introduced to examine the yield and purity of forskolin. This review discusses the significance, clinical importance, mechanism of action and different approaches used for mass production including tissue culture for the lead compound forskolin to meet market needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pulukkunadu Thekkeveedu Roshni
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018 India
| | - Punchappady Devasya Rekha
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018 India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu X, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Ma T, Guo Y, Wu X, Guo Y, Cheng X. Considerations in engineering viral vectors for genome editing in plants. Virology 2024; 589:109922. [PMID: 37924727 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses have been engineered to express proteins and induce gene silencing for decades. Recently, plant viruses have also been used to deliver components into plant cells for genome editing, a technique called virus-induced genome editing (VIGE). Although more than a dozen plant viruses have been engineered into VIGE vectors and VIGE has been successfully accomplished in some plant species, application of VIGE to crops that are difficult to tissue culture and/or have low regeneration efficiency is still tough. This paper discusses factors to consider for an ideal VIGE vector, including insertion capacity for foreign DNA, vertical transmission ability, expression level of the target gene, stability of foreign DNA insertion, and biosafety. We also proposed a step-by-step schedule for excavating the suitable viral vector for VIGE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xue Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Tingshuai Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yating Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yushuang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, Guizhou, PR China.
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lampejo AO, Hodges NA, Rozenblum M, Murfee WL. Time-Lapse Observation of Cell Dynamics During Angiogenesis Using the Rat Mesentery Culture Model. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2711:63-75. [PMID: 37776449 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3429-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability to track cells and their interactions with other cells during physiological processes offers a powerful tool for scientific discovery. An ex vivo model that enables real-time investigation of cell migration during angiogenesis in adult microvascular networks would enable observation of endothelial cell dynamics during capillary sprouting. Angiogenesis is defined as the growth of new blood vessels from existing ones and involves multiple cell types including endothelial cells, pericytes, and interstitial cells. The incorporation of these cell types in a physiologically relevant environment, however, represents a challenge for biomimetic model development. Recently, our laboratory has developed the rat mesentery culture model, which enables investigation of angiogenesis in an intact tissue. The objective of this chapter is to detail a protocol for tracking cellular dynamics during angiogenesis using the rat mesentery tissue culture model. The method involves harvesting mesentery tissues from adult SD-EGFP rats, culturing them in MEM + 10% fetal bovine serum, and imaging network regions over the time course of angiogenesis. In example applications, time-lapse comparison of microvascular networks in cultured tissues confirmed dramatic increases in GFP-positive capillary sprouting and GFP-positive segment density. Additionally, tracking of individual capillary sprout extensions revealed their ability to "jump" by disconnecting from one vessel segment and reconnecting to another segment in the network. GFP-positive sprouts were also capable of undergoing subsequent regression. The representative results support the use of the rat mesentery culture model for identifying and tracking cellular dynamics during angiogenesis in intact microvascular networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arinola O Lampejo
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas A Hodges
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maximillian Rozenblum
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Walter L Murfee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Miller JM, Meki MM, El-Baz AS, Giridharan GA, Mohamed TMA. Culturing Cardiac Tissue Slices Under Continuous Physiological Mechanical Stretches. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2803:61-74. [PMID: 38676885 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3846-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Testing drugs in vivo and in vitro have been essential elements for the discovery of new therapeutics. Due to the recent advances in in vitro cell culture models, such as human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and 3D multicell type organoid culture methods, the detection of adverse cardiac events prior to human clinical trials has improved. However, there are still numerous therapeutics whose adverse cardiac effects are not detected until human trials due to the inability of these cell cultures to fully model the complex multicellular organization of an intact human myocardium. Cardiac tissue slices are a possible alternative solution. Myocardial slices are a 300-micron thin snapshot of the myocardium, capturing a section of the adult heart in a 1 × 1 cm section. Using a culture method that incorporates essential nutrients and electrical stimulation, tissue slices can be maintained in culture for 6 days with full viability and functionality. With the addition of mechanical stimulation and humoral cues, tissue slices can be cultured for 12 days. Here we provide detailed methods for how to culture cardiac tissue slices under continuous mechanical stimulation in the cardiac tissue culture model (CTCM) device. The CTCM incorporates four essential factors for maintaining tissue slices in culture for 12 days: mechanical stimulation, electrical stimulation, nutrients, and humoral cues. The CTCM can also be used to model disease conditions, such as overstretch-induced cardiac hypertrophy. The versatility of the CTCM illustrates its potential to be a medium-throughput screening platform for personalized drug testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Miller
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mostafa M Meki
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ayman S El-Baz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Tamer M A Mohamed
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Surgery Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu J, Liu L, Li Y, Cai Z, Zhang H. Concordance of bone culture and deep tissue culture during the operation of diabetic foot osteomyelitis and clinical characteristics of patients. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2023; 49:2579-2588. [PMID: 37561150 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-023-02342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively analyze the concordance of bacterial culture between bone tissue and deep soft tissue in diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) patients and clinical characteristics of patients. METHODS This study collected samples from 155 patients with suspected DFO (who required amputation after clinical evaluation). Bacterial culture and drug susceptibility tests were performed on the patients' deep soft tissue and bone tissue, and the consistency between the two was compared. In addition, the differences among DFO patients with different degrees of infection were compared classified by the PEDIS classifications. RESULTS Among the 155 patients diagnosed with DFO, the positive rate of bone culture was 78.7% (122/155). This study cultured 162 strains, including 73 Gram-positive bacteria, 83 Gram-negative bacteria, and 6 fungi. Staphylococcus aureus (33 strains) was the most common bacteria. The overall agreement between bone culture and tissue culture was 42.8%, with Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacteria having the best (64.3%) and least agreements (27.3%), respectively. The drug sensitivity results in bone culture showed that Staphylococcus aureus was the main Gram-positive bacteria. The bacteria were sensitive to linezolid and vancomycin. Proteus mirabilis was the main Gram-negative bacteria. These were more sensitive than biapenem and piperacillin/tazobactam. Fungi were more sensitive to voriconazole and itraconazole. CONCLUSION The culture results of deep soft tissues near the bone cannot accurately represent the true pathogen of DFO. For DFO patients, bone culture should be taken as much as possible, and appropriate antibiotics should be selected according to the drug susceptibility results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Yantao Li
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Zixin Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Huifeng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Aparicio GI, Monje PV. Human Schwann Cells in vitro I. Nerve Tissue Processing, Pre-degeneration, Isolation, and Culturing of Primary Cells. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4748. [PMID: 38023787 PMCID: PMC10665635 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents versatile protocols to prepare primary human Schwann cell (hSC) cultures from mature peripheral nervous system tissues, including fascicles from long spinal nerves, nerve roots, and ganglia. This protocol starts with a description of nerve tissue procurement, handling, and dissection to obtain tissue sections suitable for hSC isolation and culturing. A description follows on how to disintegrate the nerve tissue by delayed enzymatic dissociation, plate the initial cell suspensions on a two-dimensional substrate, and culture the primary hSCs. Each section contains detailed procedures, technical notes, and background information to aid investigators in understanding and managing all steps. Some general recommendations are made to optimize the recovery, growth, and purity of the hSC cultures irrespective of the tissue source. These recommendations include: (1) pre-culturing epineurium- and perineurium-free nerve fascicles under conditions of adherence or suspension depending on the size of the explants to facilitate the release of proliferative, in vitro-activated hSCs; (2) plating the initial cell suspensions as individual droplets on a laminin-coated substrate to expedite cell adhesion and thereby increase the recovery of viable cells; and (3) culturing the fascicles (pre-degeneration step) and the cells derived therefrom in mitogen- and serum-supplemented medium to accelerate hSC dedifferentiation and promote mitogenesis before and after tissue dissociation, respectively. The hSC cultures obtained as suggested in this protocol are suitable for assorted basic and translational research applications. With the appropriate adaptations, donor-relevant hSC cultures can be prepared using fresh or postmortem tissue biospecimens of a wide range of types and sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela I. Aparicio
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Paula V. Monje
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dittfeld C, Winkelkotte M, Scheer A, Voigt E, Schmieder F, Behrens S, Jannasch A, Matschke K, Sonntag F, Tugtekin SM. Challenges of aortic valve tissue culture - maintenance of viability and extracellular matrix in the pulsatile dynamic microphysiological system. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:60. [PMID: 37770970 PMCID: PMC10538250 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) causes an increasing health burden in the 21st century due to aging population. The complex pathophysiology remains to be understood to develop novel prevention and treatment strategies. Microphysiological systems (MPSs), also known as organ-on-chip or lab-on-a-chip systems, proved promising in bridging in vitro and in vivo approaches by applying integer AV tissue and modelling biomechanical microenvironment. This study introduces a novel MPS comprising different micropumps in conjunction with a tissue-incubation-chamber (TIC) for long-term porcine and human AV incubation (pAV, hAV). RESULTS Tissue cultures in two different MPS setups were compared and validated by a bimodal viability analysis and extracellular matrix transformation assessment. The MPS-TIC conjunction proved applicable for incubation periods of 14-26 days. An increased metabolic rate was detected for pulsatile dynamic MPS culture compared to static condition indicated by increased LDH intensity. ECM changes such as an increase of collagen fibre content in line with tissue contraction and mass reduction, also observed in early CAVD, were detected in MPS-TIC culture, as well as an increase of collagen fibre content. Glycosaminoglycans remained stable, no significant alterations of α-SMA or CD31 epitopes and no accumulation of calciumhydroxyapatite were observed after 14 days of incubation. CONCLUSIONS The presented ex vivo MPS allows long-term AV tissue incubation and will be adopted for future investigation of CAVD pathophysiology, also implementing human tissues. The bimodal viability assessment and ECM analyses approve reliability of ex vivo CAVD investigation and comparability of parallel tissue segments with different treatment strategies regarding the AV (patho)physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Dittfeld
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, Fetscherstr. 76, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Winkelkotte
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, Fetscherstr. 76, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Scheer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, Fetscherstr. 76, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Emmely Voigt
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, Fetscherstr. 76, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Schmieder
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Behrens
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anett Jannasch
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, Fetscherstr. 76, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Matschke
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, Fetscherstr. 76, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Sonntag
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sems-Malte Tugtekin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, Fetscherstr. 76, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mosa KA, Ahmed AE, Hazem Y, Kanawati IS, Abdullah A, Hernandez-Sori L, Ali MA, Vendrame W. Insights into cryopreservation, recovery and genetic stability of medicinal plant tissues. Fitoterapia 2023; 169:105555. [PMID: 37295757 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several plant secondary metabolites are used in the production of different pharmaceuticals based on their biological activities. The conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants is important for the industrial production of plant-based medicines. Different cryopreservation methods are used for long-term culture preservation, which allows fast regeneration of the preserved plant material with the maintenance of its primary original traits. These methods could ensure the sustainable indefinite supply of plant tissues for theoretically unlimited periods of time, and have gained considerable attention in recent years. It is important to assess the recovery rate and the genetic stability of the recovered plant tissues after cryopreservation because cryopreservation efficiency differs among plant tissues and species. This review lays particular emphasis on the pharmaceutical applications of plant secondary metabolites that are produced through tissue culture approaches, highlighting the methods used for their cryopreservation, as well as their recovery and genetic stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kareem A Mosa
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amro E Ahmed
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yousef Hazem
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Israa S Kanawati
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amenah Abdullah
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lazaro Hernandez-Sori
- Laboratory for Plant Breeding and Conservation of Genetic Resources, Bioplant Center, University of Ciego de Ávila, 69450 Ciego de Ávila, Cuba
| | - Muna A Ali
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wagner Vendrame
- Environmental Horticulture Department, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ozyigit II, Dogan I, Hocaoglu-Ozyigit A, Yalcin B, Erdogan A, Yalcin IE, Cabi E, Kaya Y. Production of secondary metabolites using tissue culture-based biotechnological applications. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1132555. [PMID: 37457343 PMCID: PMC10339834 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1132555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants are the sources of many bioactive secondary metabolites which are present in plant organs including leaves, stems, roots, and flowers. Although they provide advantages to the plants in many cases, they are not necessary for metabolisms related to growth, development, and reproduction. They are specific to plant species and are precursor substances, which can be modified for generations of various compounds in different plant species. Secondary metabolites are used in many industries, including dye, food processing and cosmetic industries, and in agricultural control as well as being used as pharmaceutical raw materials by humans. For this reason, the demand is high; therefore, they are needed to be obtained in large volumes and the large productions can be achieved using biotechnological methods in addition to production, being done with classical methods. For this, plant biotechnology can be put in action through using different methods. The most important of these methods include tissue culture and gene transfer. The genetically modified plants are agriculturally more productive and are commercially more effective and are valuable tools for industrial and medical purposes as well as being the sources of many secondary metabolites of therapeutic importance. With plant tissue culture applications, which are also the first step in obtaining transgenic plants with having desirable characteristics, it is possible to produce specific secondary metabolites in large-scale through using whole plants or using specific tissues of these plants in laboratory conditions. Currently, many studies are going on this subject, and some of them receiving attention are found to be taken place in plant biotechnology and having promising applications. In this work, particularly benefits of secondary metabolites, and their productions through tissue culture-based biotechnological applications are discussed using literature with presence of current studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilhan Dogan
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Akyazi Vocational School of Health Services, Sakarya University of Applied Science, Sakarya, Türkiye
| | - Asli Hocaoglu-Ozyigit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Biology Program, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Tekirdag Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Türkiye
| | - Bestenur Yalcin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Aysegul Erdogan
- Application and Research Centre for Testing and Analysis, EGE MATAL, Chromatography and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Ibrahim Ertugrul Yalcin
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Evren Cabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Tekirdag Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Türkiye
| | - Yilmaz Kaya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Trenkwalder K, Erichsen S, Weisemann F, Augat P, Militz M, von Rüden C, Hentschel T, Hackl S. The value of sonication in the differential diagnosis of septic and aseptic femoral and tibial shaft nonunion in comparison to conventional tissue culture and histopathology: a prospective multicenter clinical study. J Orthop Traumatol 2023; 24:25. [PMID: 37308767 DOI: 10.1186/s10195-023-00708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Septic and aseptic nonunion require different therapeutic strategies. However, differential diagnosis is challenging, as low-grade infections and biofilm-bound bacteria often remain undetected. Therefore, the examination of biofilm on implants by sonication and the evaluation of its value for differentiating between femoral or tibial shaft septic and aseptic nonunion in comparison to tissue culture and histopathology was the focus of this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Osteosynthesis material for sonication and tissue samples for long-term culture and histopathologic examination from 53 patients with aseptic nonunion, 42 with septic nonunion and 32 with regular healed fractures were obtained during surgery. Sonication fluid was concentrated by membrane filtration and colony-forming units (CFU) were quantified after aerobic and anaerobic incubation. CFU cut-off values for differentiating between septic and aseptic nonunion or regular healers were determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. The performances of the different diagnostic methods were calculated using cross-tabulation. RESULTS The cut-off value for differentiating between septic and aseptic nonunion was ≥ 13.6 CFU/10 ml sonication fluid. With a sensitivity of 52% and a specificity of 93%, the diagnostic performance of membrane filtration was lower than that of tissue culture (69%, 96%) but higher than that of histopathology (14%, 87%). Considering two criteria for infection diagnosis, the sensitivity was similar for one tissue culture with the same pathogen in broth-cultured sonication fluid and two positive tissue cultures (55%). The combination of tissue culture and membrane-filtrated sonication fluid had a sensitivity of 50%, which increased up to 62% when using a lower CFU cut-off determined from regular healers. Furthermore, membrane filtration demonstrated a significantly higher polymicrobial detection rate compared to tissue culture and sonication fluid broth culture. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a multimodal approach for the differential diagnosis of nonunion, with sonication demonstrating substantial usefulness. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 2 Trial registration DRKS00014657 (date of registration: 2018/04/26).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Trenkwalder
- Institute for Biomechanics, BG Unfallklinik Murnau, Professor-Küntscher-Str. 8, 82418, Murnau am Staffelsee, Germany
- Institute for Biomechanics, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sandra Erichsen
- Institute for Biomechanics, BG Unfallklinik Murnau, Professor-Küntscher-Str. 8, 82418, Murnau am Staffelsee, Germany
- Institute for Biomechanics, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ferdinand Weisemann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Murnau, Professor-Küntscher-Str. 8, 82418, Murnau am Staffelsee, Germany
| | - Peter Augat
- Institute for Biomechanics, BG Unfallklinik Murnau, Professor-Küntscher-Str. 8, 82418, Murnau am Staffelsee, Germany
- Institute for Biomechanics, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Matthias Militz
- Department of Trauma Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Murnau, Professor-Küntscher-Str. 8, 82418, Murnau am Staffelsee, Germany
| | - Christian von Rüden
- Institute for Biomechanics, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Trauma Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Murnau, Professor-Küntscher-Str. 8, 82418, Murnau am Staffelsee, Germany
| | - Tobias Hentschel
- Department of Trauma Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Murnau, Professor-Küntscher-Str. 8, 82418, Murnau am Staffelsee, Germany
| | - Simon Hackl
- Institute for Biomechanics, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
- Department of Trauma Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Murnau, Professor-Küntscher-Str. 8, 82418, Murnau am Staffelsee, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tiwari S, Acharya P, Solanki B, Sharma AK, Rawat S. A review on efforts for improvement in medicinally important chemical constituents in Aconitum through biotechnological interventions. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:190. [PMID: 37193333 PMCID: PMC10183062 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Aconitum belongs to the family Ranunculaceae, is endowed with more than 350 species on the earth. Medicinally important aconitine type of diterpenoid alkaloids are the characteristic compounds in most of the Aconitum species. The present review endeavored the major research carried out in the field of genetic resource characterization, pharmacological properties, phytochemistry, major factors influencing quantity, biosynthetic pathways and processing methods for recovery of active ingredients, variety improvement, propagation methods, and important metabolite production through cell/organ culture of various Aconitum species. More than 450 derivatives of aconitine-type C19 and C20-diterpenoid alkaloids along with a few other non-alkaloidal compounds, such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and fatty acids, have been identified in the genus. A few Aconitum species and their common diterpenoid alkaloid compounds are also well characterized for analgesic, inflammatory and cytotoxic properties. However, the different isolated compound needs to be validated for supporting other traditional therapeutical uses of the plant species. Aconitine alkaloids shared common biosynthesis pathway, but their diversification mechanism remains unexplored in the genus. Furthermore, the process needs to be developed on secondary metabolite recovery, mass-scale propagation methods, and agro-technologies for maintaining the quality of products. Many species are losing their existence in nature due to over-exploitation or anthropogenic factors; thus, temporal monitoring of the population status in its habitat, and suitable management programs for ascertaining conservation needs to be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sekhar Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, P. P. Savani University, Surat, Gujarat India
| | - Puja Acharya
- Sikkim Regional Centre, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Pangthang, Gangtok, Sikkim India
| | - Bharat Solanki
- Department of Biochemistry, M. B. Patel Science College, Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat India
| | - Anish Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, P. P. Savani University, Surat, Gujarat India
| | - Sandeep Rawat
- Sikkim Regional Centre, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Pangthang, Gangtok, Sikkim India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mohammadi MA, Wai MH, Rizwan HM, Qarluq AQ, Xu M, Wang L, Cheng Y, Aslam M, Zheng P, Wang X, Zhang W, Qin Y. Advances in micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis, somatic hybridizations, genetic transformation and cryopreservation for Passiflora improvement. Plant Methods 2023; 19:50. [PMID: 37231431 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Passion fruit is an essential commercial plant in the tropics and subtropics, which has lately seen a rise in demand for high-quality fruits and large-scale production. Generally, different species of passion fruit (Passiflora sp.) are propagated by sexual reproduction. However, asexual reproduction, such as stem cuttings, grafting, or tissue culture, is also available and advantageous in many instances. Recent research on passion fruit has concentrated on improving and establishing methodologies for embryogenesis, clonal proliferation via (somatic embryos), homozygote regeneration (by anther culture), germplasm preservation (via cryopreservation), and genetic transformation. These developments have resulted in potentially new directions for asexual propagation. Even though effective embryo culture and cryogenics are now available, however the limited frequency of embryogenic callus transformation to ex-vitro seedlings still restricts the substantial clonal replication of passion fruit. Here, in this review the advancement related to biotechnological approaches and the current understanding of Passiflora tissue culture. In vitro culture, organogenesis, cryopreservation, breeding, and productivity of Passiflora will significantly improve with novel propagation approaches, which could be applied to a wider range of germplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aqa Mohammadi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Horticulture, College of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Pingtan Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Alberoni University, Kapisa, 1254, Afghanistan
| | - Myat Hnin Wai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Horticulture, College of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | | | | | - Mengjie Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Horticulture, College of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Horticulture, College of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Horticulture, College of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Mohammad Aslam
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Horticulture, College of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Horticulture, College of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Institute of Horticultural Research, Nanning Investigation Station of South Subtropical Fruit Trees, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Xinluo Breeding Center for Excellent Germplasms, Longyan, 361000, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Horticulture, College of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Pingtan Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tosoratti E, Bonato A, Kessel B, Weber P, Zenobi-Wong M. Shape-defining alginate shells as semi-permeable culture chambers for soft cell-laden hydrogels. Biofabrication 2023; 15. [PMID: 37080211 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acced0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Soft hydrogels have a porous structure that promotes viability and growth of resident cells. However, due to their low structural stability, these materials are fragile and difficult to culture in vitro. Here we present a novel approach for the 3D culture of such materials, where a shape-defining, semi-permeable hydrogel shell is used to provide mechanical stability. These thin hydrogel shells enclose and stabilize the soft materials while still permitting gas and nutrient exchange. Custom alginate-shaped shells were prepared using a thermosetting, ion-eluting hydrogel mold. In a second step, the hydrogel shells were filled with cell-laden infill materials. As an example of the versatility of this technique, materials previously not available for tissue engineering, such as non-annealed microgels or low crosslinked and mechanically unstable hydrogels, were used for tissue culture. Primary human chondrocytes were cultured using this platform, to evaluate its potential for cartilage tissue engineering. To prove the scalability of this technique, anatomically-shaped ears were cultured for 3 weeks. This novel approach has the potential to radically change the material property requirements in the field of tissue engineering: thanks to the shape definition and stability provided by the hydrogel shells, a wide range of materials previously inaccessible for the manufacture of 3D tissue grafts can be re-evaluated.
.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Bonato
- ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zurich, 8093, SWITZERLAND
| | | | - Patrick Weber
- ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zurich, 8093, SWITZERLAND
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bravo-Vázquez LA, Angulo-Bejarano PI, Bandyopadhyay A, Sharma A, Paul S. Regulatory roles of noncoding RNAs in callus induction and plant cell dedifferentiation. Plant Cell Rep 2023; 42:689-705. [PMID: 36753041 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-02992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant regulatory noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as key modulators of gene expression during callus induction. Their further study may promote the design of innovative plant tissue culture protocols. The use of plants by humans has recently taken on a new and expanding insight due to the advent of genetic engineering technologies. In this context, callus cultures have shown remarkable potential for synthesizing valuable biomolecules, crop improvement, plant micropropagation, and biodiversity preservation. A crucial stage in callus production is the conversion of somatic cells into totipotent cells; compelling evidence indicates that stress factors, transcriptional regulators, and plant hormones can trigger this biological event. Besides, posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression might be essential participants in callus induction. However, research related to the analysis of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that modulate callogenesis and plant cell dedifferentiation in vitro is still at an early stage. During the last decade, some relevant studies have enlightened the fact that different classes of ncRNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in plant cell dedifferentiation through regulating the expression levels of diverse gene targets. Hence, understanding the molecular relevance of these ncRNAs in the aforesaid biological processes might represent a promising source of new biotechnological approaches for callus culture and plant improvement. In this current work, we review the experimental evidence regarding the prospective roles of ncRNAs in callus induction and plant cell dedifferentiation to promote this field of study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Bravo-Vázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Paola Isabel Angulo-Bejarano
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Anindya Bandyopadhyay
- International Rice Research Institute, 4031, Manila, Philippines
- Reliance Industries Ltd., Navi Mumbai, 400701, India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico.
| | - Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Walker TD, Gilkey TW, Trinidad JC, Chung CG, Wang H, Mostaghimi A, Kaffenberger BH. Evaluation of Dundee and ALT-70 predictive models for cellulitis in 56 patients who underwent tissue culture. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:665-668. [PMID: 36273340 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nonpurulent cellulitis lacks a gold standard to distinguish noninfectious sources of inflammation. Two models have been created that evaluate cellulitis. The ALT-70 model was created to reduce the overdiagnosis of cellulitis and provide clinical direction. The Dundee classification was developed to grade the severity of previously diagnosed cases of cellulitis and enhance treatment and clinical outcomes. We analyzed a dataset of 56 patients who were admitted to the OSU Wexner Medical Center with a primary admission diagnosis of cellulitis. Each patient underwent extensive tissue culture sampling to identify potential pathogens. Patients were scored using both models, then evaluated based on the positive tissue culture and skin and soft tissue infection. In both models, we found low sensitivity and specificity to predict patients with positive tissue culture cellulitis. Determination of a gold standard for classification of cellulites is important to improve future diagnosis and risk models. We recommend further study to develop a scalable consensus standard in the diagnosis of nonpurulent cellulitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trent D Walker
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ty W Gilkey
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John Christopher Trinidad
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Catherine G Chung
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Henry Wang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Arash Mostaghimi
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin H Kaffenberger
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- , 1328 Dublin Road, Suite 100, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kahrizi D, Far AF, Chaghakaboodi Z, Khazaei M, Sozmen EU, Dogan H. Stem cell induction and plant regeneration are affected by medium components in maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp). Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4187-4192. [PMID: 36899280 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In medicinal plants, selection, reproduction and preservation of important genotypes are very necessary. Nowadays, using tissue culture and regeneration techniques of medicinal plants under in vitro conditions has been able to proliferate medicinal plants widely, which is much higher than traditional methods of vegetative propagation. Maca (Lepidium meyenii), is an industrial plant whose root is the usable part. Maca has valuable medicinal effects such as sexual enhancement and reproductive power, infertility treatment, improved sperm count and quality, anti-stress, osteoporosis prevention and more. METHODS AND RESULTS This study was conducted to induce callus and regeneration of Maca. First, MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of Kinetin, Naphthaleneacetic acid and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [0.5, 1 and 2 µM respectively] and control were compared for callus induction from root and leaves. After 38 days of incubation, the first callus appeared, after 50 days of callus induction and after 79 days regeneration occurred. The callus induction experiment was performed for the study of the effect of three explants (leaf, stem and root) and seven hormone levels. The regeneration experiment was carried out by studying the effect of three explants (leaf, stem and root) on eight levels of the hormone. The results of data analysis on callus induction showed that the effects of explants, hormones and their interactions on callus induction percentage were highly significant but not significant on callus growth rate. The results of regression analysis showed that explants, hormones and their interactions had no significant effect on regeneration percentage. CONCLUSION Based on our results, the best medium for inducing callus was Hormone 2,4-D [2 µM] and Kinetin [0.5 µM], in which the highest percentage of callus induction was in leaf explants (62%). And the lowest were in stem (30%) and root (27%) explants. According to the comparison of the mean, the best environment for regeneration of the environment was 4 µM 6-Benzylaminopurine 2.5 + Thidiazuron, in which the highest percentage of regeneration was in leaf explant (87%) and stem (69%) and the lowest in root explant (12). %).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danial Kahrizi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Atefeh Fahimi Far
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zeinab Chaghakaboodi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Esra Ucar Sozmen
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Sivas Vocational School, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Turkey
| | - Hulya Dogan
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Yozgat Vocational School, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhai N, Pan X, Zeng M, Xu L. Developmental trajectory of pluripotent stem cell establishment in Arabidopsis callus guided by a quiescent center-related gene network. Development 2023; 150:286991. [PMID: 36762604 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In plant tissue culture, callus formation is induced by a high auxin concentration. Among the three cell layers (the outer, middle and inner cell layers) of the callus, pluripotency acquisition in the middle cell layer is required for the potential ability of the callus to regenerate organs. Here, we reveal the developmental trajectory of middle cell layer initiation and maintenance in callus tissue originating from Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls. The S phase of the cell cycle is essential for the expression of quiescent center-related SCARECROW (SCR), PLETHORA1 (PLT1) and WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX5 (WOX5) genes during the division of callus founder cells to initiate the callus primordium. After callus initiation, SHOOT-ROOT (SHR) proteins move from the inner to the middle cell layer and act together with SCR to promote the expression of PLT1 and WOX5. WOX5 represses the expression of VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN (VND) genes, thereby preventing callus tissue from differentiating into xylem cells. PLT1 and PLT2 directly activate JACKDAW (JKD), which is necessary for pluripotency acquisition in the middle cell layer. We hypothesize that the middle cell layer could have pluripotent stem cell activity and its establishment requires the quiescent center-related SCR-SHR-WOX5-PLT1/2-JKD gene network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuan Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minhuan Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Poulis N, Breitenstein P, Hofstede S, Hoerstrup SP, Emmert MY, Fioretta ES. Multiscale analysis of human tissue engineered matrices for next generation heart valve applications. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:101-114. [PMID: 36638939 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human tissue-engineered matrices (hTEMs) have been proposed as a promising approach for in situ tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs). However, there is still a limited understanding on how ECM composition in hTEMs develops over tissue culture time. Therefore, we performed a longitudinal hTEM assessment by 1) multiscale evaluation of hTEM composition during culture time (2, 4, 6-weeks), using (immuno)histology, biochemical assays, and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); 2) analysis of protein pathways involved in ECM development using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA); and 3) assessment of hTEM mechanical characterization using uniaxial tensile testing. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, TEHVs manufactured using 6-weeks hTEM samples were tested in a pulse duplicator. LC-MS/MS confirmed the tissue culture time-dependent increase in ECM proteins observed in histology and biochemical assays, revealing the most abundant collagens (COL6, COL12), proteoglycans (HSPG2, VCAN), and glycoproteins (FN, TNC). GSEA identified the most represented protein pathways in the hTEM at 2-weeks (mRNA metabolic processes), 4-weeks (ECM production), and 6-weeks (ECM organization and maturation). Uniaxial mechanical testing showed increased stiffness and stress at failure, and reduction in strain over tissue culture time. hTEM-based TEHVs demonstrated promising in vitro performance at both pulmonary and aortic pressure conditions, with symmetric leaflet coaptation and no stenosis. In conclusion, ECM protein abundance and maturation increased over tissue culture time, with consequent improvement of hTEM mechanical characteristics. These findings suggest that longer tissue culture impacts tissue organization, leading to an hTEM that may be suitable for high-pressure applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: It is believed that the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the human tissue engineered matrices (hTEM) may favor tissue engineered heart valve (TEHV) remodeling upon implantation. However, the exact protein composition of the hTEM, and how this impacts tissue mechanical properties, remains unclear. Hence, we developed a reproducible rotation-based tissue culture method to produce hTEM samples. We performed a longitudinal assessment using different analytical techniques and mass spectrometry. Our data provided an in-depth characterization of the hTEM proteome with focus on ECM components, their development, and how they may impact the mechanical properties. Based on these results, we manufactured functional hTEM-based TEHVs at aortic-like condition in vitro. These outcomes pose an important step in translating hTEM-based TEHVs into clinics and in predicting their remodeling potential upon implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Poulis
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - P Breitenstein
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - S Hofstede
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Lengghalde 5, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S P Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Y Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charite (DHZC), Berlin, Germany.
| | - E S Fioretta
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li T, Vazakidou P, Leonards PEG, Damdimopoulos A, Panagiotou EM, Arnelo C, Jansson K, Pettersson K, Papaikonomou K, van Duursen M, Damdimopoulou P. Identification of biomarkers and outcomes of endocrine disruption in human ovarian cortex using In Vitro Models. Toxicology 2023; 485:153425. [PMID: 36621641 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are raising concerns about adverse effects on fertility in women. However, there is a lack of information regarding mechanisms and effects in humans. Our study aims to identify mechanisms of endocrine disruption using two EDCs, diethylstilbestrol (DES) and ketoconazole (KTZ)1. Human ovarian cortical tissue obtained from Caesarean section patients was exposed to 10-9 M - 10-5 M KTZ and 10-10 M - 10-6 M DES in vitro for 6 days. Follicle survival and growth were studied via histology analysis and liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry-based steroid quantification. RNA-sequencing was performed on COV434, KGN, and primary ovarian cells that were exposed for 24 h. Significantly lower unilaminar follicle densities were observed in DES 10-10 M group, whereas low KTZ exposure reduced secondary follicle density. KTZ 10-5 M reduced levels of pregnenolone and progesterone. RNA-sequencing revealed that 445 and 233 differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate < 0.1) altogether in DES and KTZ exposed groups. Gene set variation analysis showed that both chemicals modulated pathways that are important for folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis. We selected stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) for further validation. Up-regulation of both genes in response to KTZ was confirmed by qPCR and in situ RNA hybridization. Further validation with immunofluorescence focused on the expression of SCD in growing follicles in exposed ovarian tissue. In conclusion, SCD may serve as a potential novel human-relevant biomarker of EDC exposure and effects on ovaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Li
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Paraskevi Vazakidou
- Department Environment and Health, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Pim E G Leonards
- Department Environment and Health, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Anastasios Damdimopoulos
- Bioinformatics and Expression Analysis Core Facility, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Eleftheria Maria Panagiotou
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Catarina Arnelo
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kerstin Jansson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karin Pettersson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kiriaki Papaikonomou
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Majorie van Duursen
- Department Environment and Health, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Pauliina Damdimopoulou
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Cartilage resides under a low oxygen tension within articulating joints. The oxygen tension within cartilage of the knee joint has been measured to be between 2% and 5% oxygen. Although the literature has historically termed this level of oxygen as hypoxia, particularly when doing experiments in vitro in this range, this is actually the physiological oxygen tension experienced in vivo and is more accurately termed physioxia. In general, culture of chondrogenic cells under physioxia has demonstrated a donor-dependent beneficial effect on chondrogenesis, with an upregulation in cartilage genes (SOX9, COL2A1, ACAN) and matrix deposition (sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs), collagen II). Physioxia also reduces the expression of hypertrophic markers (COL10A1, MMP13). This chapter will outline the methods for the expansion and differentiation of chondrogenic cells under physioxia using oxygen-controlled incubators and glove box environments, with the typical assays used for qualitative and quantitative assessment of chondrogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Girish Pattappa
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Brandon D Markway
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopaedic Hospital König-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Brian Johnstone
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Harrison P, Hopkins T, Hulme C, McCarthy H, Wright K. Chondrocyte Isolation and Expansion. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2598:9-19. [PMID: 36355281 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2839-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocyte isolation requires a combination of enzymatic and mechanical digestion of cartilaginous tissues in order to release the chondrocytes. Extracted primary chondrocytes will then adhere to standard tissue culture plastics, typically in small clusters, over a period of a few days in monolayer culture. Chondrocyte populations are expanded in a basal medium containing serum, supplemented with ascorbic acid, antibiotics, and sometimes antifungal agents and growth factors. Here we describe the standard research grade and good manufacturing practice (GMP) protocols used for the isolation and expansion of chondrocytes by the Oswestry/Keele University Orthopaedic Research (OsKOR) group and John Charnley GMP and MHRA licensed laboratory, both based at the RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Harrison
- RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK
| | - Timothy Hopkins
- RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Charlotte Hulme
- RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Helen McCarthy
- RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Karina Wright
- RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK. .,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liang Y, Yan X, Xu J, Liu Y, Xie K, Li J, Zhan Q. An efficient transformation method for tannin-containing sorghum. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15066. [PMID: 36935918 PMCID: PMC10022505 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tannins are the main bottlenecks restricting the transformation efficiency of plants. Hongyingzi is a special tannin-containing sorghum cultivar used in brewing. Methods In this study, a highly efficient microprojectile transformation system for tannin-containing sorghum was successfully exploited using immature embryos (IEs) of Hongyingzi as explants. Results Hongyingzi presented two types of calli. Type II calli were found to be the most suitable and effective explants for transformation. After optimization of the geneticin (G418) concentration and tissue culture medium, an average transformation frequency of 27% was achieved. Molecular analyzis showed that all transgenic plants were positive and showed transgenes expression. The inheritance analyzis confirmed that the transgenes could be inherited into the next generation. Thus, we successfully established an efficient transformation system for tannin-containing sorghum and demonstrated the possibility of breaking the restriction imposed by tannins in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- College of Agricultural, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
| | - Xuehui Yan
- College of Agricultural, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- College of Agricultural, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- College of Agricultural, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
| | - Ke Xie
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jieqin Li
- College of Agricultural, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
| | - Qiuwen Zhan
- College of Agricultural, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Becker M, Hensel G. Ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-Mediated Allele Replacement in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Leaves. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2653:199-205. [PMID: 36995628 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3131-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Varietal differences within a species with agronomic importance are often based on minor changes in the genomic sequence. For example, fungus-resistant and fungus-susceptible wheat varieties may vary in only one amino acid. The situation is similar with the reporter genes Gfp and Yfp where two base pairs cause a shift in the emission spectrum from green to yellow. Methods of targeted double-strand break induction now allow this exchange precisely with the simultaneous transfer of the desired repair template. However, these changes rarely lead to a selective advantage that can be used in generating such mutant plants. The protocol presented here allows a corresponding allele replacement at the cellular level using ribonucleoprotein complexes in combination with an appropriate repair template. The efficiencies achieved are comparable to other methods with direct DNA transfer or integration of the corresponding building blocks in the host genome. They are in the range of 35 percent, considering one allele in a diploid organism as barley and using Cas9 RNP complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Becker
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Plant Reproductive Biology, Gatersleben, Germany
- Stilla Technologies, Villejuif, France
| | - Goetz Hensel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Plant Reproductive Biology, Gatersleben, Germany.
- Division of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agriculture Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Centre for Plant Genome Engineering, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Becker M, Hensel G. Ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-Mediated Targeted Mutagenesis in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2653:187-197. [PMID: 36995627 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3131-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The crop species barley is a genetic model for the small grain temperate cereals. Thanks to the availability of whole genome sequence and the development of customizable endonucleases, site-directed genome modification has recently revolutionized genetic engineering. Several platforms have been established in plants, with the most flexible one offered by the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology. In this protocol, commercially available synthetic guide RNAs (gRNAs), Cas enzymes, or custom-generated reagents are used for targeted mutagenesis in barley. The protocol has been successfully used with immature embryo explants to generate site-specific mutations in regenerants. As the double-strand break-inducing reagents are customizable and can be efficiently delivered, pre-assembled ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes allow efficient generation of genome-modified plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Becker
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Plant Reproductive Biology, Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
- Stilla Technologies, Villejuif, France
| | - Goetz Hensel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Plant Reproductive Biology, Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany.
- Division of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agriculture Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Centre for Plant Genome Engineering, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Snedden M, Singh L, Kyathanahalli C, Hirsch E. Toxic effects of trace phenol/guanidine isothiocyanate (P/GI) on cells cultured nearby in covered 96-well plates. BMC Biotechnol 2022; 22:35. [PMID: 36434619 PMCID: PMC9700959 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-022-00766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A mixture of phenol and guanidine isothiocyanate ("P/GI", the principal components of TRIzol™ and similar products) is routinely used to isolate RNA, DNA, and proteins from a single specimen. In time-course experiments of cells grown in tissue culture, replicate wells are often harvested sequentially and compared, with the assumption that in-well lysis and complete aspiration of P/GI has no effect on continuing cultures in nearby wells. METHODS To test this assumption, we investigated morphology and function of RAW 264.7 cells (an immortalized mouse macrophage cell line) cultured in covered 96-well plates for 4, 8, or 24 h at varying distances from a single control well or a well into which P/GI had been deposited and immediately aspirated completely. RESULTS Time- and distance-dependent disruptions resulting from proximity to a single well containing trace residual P/GI were seen in cell morphology (blebbing, cytoplasmic disruption, and accumulation of intracellular vesicles), cell function (pH of culture medium), and expression of genes related to inflammation (Tnfα) and autophagy (Lc3b). There was no transcriptional change in the anti-apoptotic gene Mcl1, nor the pro-apoptotic gene Hrk, nor in P/GI-unexposed control cultures. LPS-stimulated cells incubated near P/GI had lower expression of the cytokine Il6. These effects were seen as early as 4 h of exposure and at a distance of up to 3 well units from the P/GI-exposed well. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to trace residual quantities of P/GI in covered tissue culture plates leads to substantial disruption of cell morphology and function in as little as 4 h, possibly through induction of autophagy but not apoptosis. This phenomenon should be considered when planning time-course experiments in multi-well covered tissue culture plates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Snedden
- grid.240372.00000 0004 0400 4439Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Ave, Suite 1538, Evanston, IL 60201 USA
| | - Lavisha Singh
- grid.240372.00000 0004 0400 4439Department of Statistics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Chandrashekara Kyathanahalli
- grid.240372.00000 0004 0400 4439Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Ave, Suite 1538, Evanston, IL 60201 USA ,grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Emmet Hirsch
- grid.240372.00000 0004 0400 4439Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Ave, Suite 1538, Evanston, IL 60201 USA ,grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
O'Donohue B, Hiti-Bandaralage J, Gleeson M, O'Brien C, Harvey MA, van der Ent A, Pinto Irish K, Mitter N, Hayward A. Tissue culture tools for selenium hyperaccumulator Neptunia amplexicaulis for development in phytoextraction. Nat Prod Bioprospect 2022; 12:28. [PMID: 35927534 PMCID: PMC9352830 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neptunia amplexicaulis is an herbaceous legume endemic to the Richmond area in central Queensland, Australia and is one of the strongest known Selenium hyperaccumulators on earth, showing significant potential to be utilised in Se phytoextraction applications. Here a protocol was established for in vitro micropropagation of Se hyperaccumulator N. amplexicaulis using nodal segments from in vitro-germinated seedlings. Shoot multiplication was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal media supplemented with various concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA) (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 mg L-1) alone or in combination with low levels of Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mg L-1), with 2.0 mg L-1 BA + 0.2 mg L-1 NAA found to be most effective. Elongated shoots were rooted in vitro using NAA, with highest root induction rate of 30% observed at 0.2 mg L-1 NAA. About 95% of the in vitro rooted shoots survived acclimatization. Clonally propagated plantlets were dosed with selenate/selenite solution and assessed for Se tissue concentrations using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and found to retain their ability to hyperaccumulate. The protocol developed for this study has potential to be optimised for generating clonal plants of N. amplexicaulis for use in research and phytoextraction industry applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Billy O'Donohue
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Jayeni Hiti-Bandaralage
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Madeleine Gleeson
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chris O'Brien
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Maggie-Anne Harvey
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Antony van der Ent
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Katherine Pinto Irish
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Neena Mitter
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alice Hayward
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Behera S, Chauhan VBS, Pati K, Bansode V, Nedunchezhiyan M, Verma AK, Monalisa K, Naik PK, Naik SK. Biology and biotechnological aspect of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.): a commercially important tuber crop. Planta 2022; 256:40. [PMID: 35834064 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the economic importance of sweet potato and discusses new varieties, agronomic and cultivation practices, pest and disease control efforts, plant tissue culture protocols, and unexplored research areas involving this plant. Abstract Sweet potato is widely consumed in many countries around the world, including India, South Africa and China. Due to its valuable nutritional composition and highly beneficial bioactive compounds, sweet potato is considered a major tuber crop in India. Based on the volume of production, this plant ranks seventh in the world among all food crops. Sweet potato is considered a "Superfood" by the 'Centre for Science in the Public Interest' (CSPI), USA. This plant is mostly propagated through vegetative propagation using vine cuttings or tubers. However, this process is costly, labour-intensive, and comparatively slow. Conventional propagation methods are not able to supply sufficient disease-free planting materials to farmers to sustain steady tuber production. Therefore, there is an urgent need to use various biotechnological approaches, such as cell, tissue, and organ culture, for the large-scale production of healthy and disease-free planting material for commercial purposes throughout the year. In the last five decades, a number of tissue culture protocols have been developed for the production of in vitro plants through meristem culture, direct adventitious organogenesis, callus culture and somatic embryogenesis. Moreover, little research has been done on synthetic seed technology for the in vitro conservation and propagation of sweet potato. The current review comprehensively describes the biology, i.e., plant phenotypic description, vegetative growth, agronomy and cultivation, pests and diseases, varieties, and conventional methods of propagation, as well as biotechnological implementation, of this tuber crop. Furthermore, the explored and unexplored areas of research in sweet potato using biotechnological approaches have been reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashikanta Behera
- Regional Centre, ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Products and Therapeutics, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, Odisha, 768019, India
| | | | - Kalidas Pati
- Regional Centre, ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India
| | - Venkatraman Bansode
- Regional Centre, ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India
| | - Maniyam Nedunchezhiyan
- Regional Centre, ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Verma
- ICAR- National Research Centre On Seed Spices, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305006, India
| | - Kumari Monalisa
- Department of Botany, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, 753003, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Naik
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Products and Therapeutics, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, Odisha, 768019, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Neuman MG, Seitz HK, Tuma PL, Osna NA, Casey CA, Kharbanda KK, Cohen LB, Malnick SDH, Adhikari R, Mitra R, Dagur RS, Ganesan M, Srinivas C, Madan Kumar A, New-Aaron M, Poluektova L, Thomes PG, Rasineni K, Opris M, Teschke R. Alcohol: basic and translational research; 15th annual Charles Lieber &1st Samuel French satellite symposium. Exp Mol Pathol 2022; 126:104750. [PMID: 35192844 PMCID: PMC9167794 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2022.104750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present review is based on the research presented at the symposium dedicated to the legacy of the two scientists that made important discoveries in the field of alcohol-induced liver damage: Professors C.S. Lieber and S.W. French. The invited speakers described pharmacological, toxicological and patho-physiological effects of alcohol misuse. Moreover, genetic biomarkers determining adverse drug reactions due to interactions between therapeutics used for chronic or infectious diseases and alcohol exposure were discussed. The researchers presented their work in areas of alcohol-induced impairment in lipid protein trafficking and endocytosis, as well as the role of lipids in the development of fatty liver. The researchers showed that alcohol leads to covalent modifications that promote hepatic dysfunction and injury. We concluded that using new advanced techniques and research ideas leads to important discoveries in science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela G Neuman
- In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Helmut K Seitz
- Centre of Liver and Alcohol Diseases, Ethianum Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pamela L Tuma
- The Catholic University of America, Department of Biology, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Natalia A Osna
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Omaha, NE, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Carol A Casey
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Omaha, NE, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Omaha, NE, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lawrence B Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steve D H Malnick
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Kaplan Medical Center, Affiliated Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Raghabendra Adhikari
- The Catholic University of America, Department of Biology, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Ramyajit Mitra
- The Catholic University of America, Department of Biology, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Raghubendra Singh Dagur
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Omaha, NE, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Murali Ganesan
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Omaha, NE, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Chava Srinivas
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Omaha, NE, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Arumugam Madan Kumar
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Omaha, NE, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Moses New-Aaron
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Omaha, NE, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Larisa Poluektova
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Omaha, NE, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Paul G Thomes
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Omaha, NE, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Karuna Rasineni
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Omaha, NE, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mihai Opris
- In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Family Medicine Clinic CAR, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt/ Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
L-lactate acts as a signaling molecule in bovine granulosa cells (GCs). The initiated alterations depend on the transport of L-lactate into the cells via monocarboxylate transporters. In the present study, we further elucidated the intracellular actions of L-lactate and tested whether the PKA signaling pathway is involved. Therefore, we treated cultured bovine GCs with L-lactate and PKA inhibitors H-89 and KT5720, and with an activator of PKA, 6-Bnz-cAMP. L-lactate treatment resulted in decreased estradiol production and downregulation of CYP19A1, FSHR, and LHCGR as well as in the upregulation of the markers of early luteinization PTX3, RGS2, and VNN2. These specific L-lactate effects were almost completely abolished by pre-treatment of the GCs with both inhibitors of PKA signaling. In addition, also the L-lactate-induced upregulation of LDHA and of the monocarboxylate transporters SLC16A1 and SLC16A7 was abolished after PKA inhibition. An activation of the PKA with 6-Bnz-cAMP revealed similar effects on the gene expression like L-lactate alone. In summary, the presented data demonstrate that L-lactate-induced effects on GCs are mediated via PKA signaling thus supporting the role of L-lactate as signaling molecule during the folliculo-luteal transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Baufeld
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Dummerstorf, 18196, Germany
| | - Jens Vanselow
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Dummerstorf, 18196, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim J, Kim JH, Lee HJ, Lee SJ, Lee KH, Lee EH, Baek YJ, Ahn JY, Jeong SJ, Ku NS, Lee SH, Choi JY, Yeom JS. Impact of Valve Culture Positivity on Prognosis in Patients with Infective Endocarditis Who Underwent Valve Surgery. Infect Dis Ther 2022. [PMID: 35489001 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-022-00642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infective endocarditis (IE) is a severe and fatal infection with high in-hospital and overall mortality rates of approximately up to 30%. Valve culture positivity was associated with in-hospital mortality and postoperative complications; however, few studies have analyzed the relationship between valve cultures and overall mortality over a long observation period. This study aimed to compare the association of valve culture positivity with overall mortality in patients with IE who underwent valve surgery. Methods A total of 416 IE patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in South Korea from November 2005 to August 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 202 IE patients who underwent valve surgery and valve culture were enrolled. The primary endpoint was long-term overall mortality. Kaplan–Meier curve and Cox proportional hazards model were used for survival analysis. Results The median follow-up duration was 63 (interquartile range, 38–104) months. Valve cultures were positive in 22 (10.9%) patients. The overall mortality rate was 15.8% (32/202) and was significantly higher in valve culture-positive patients (36.4%, p = 0.011). Positive valve culture [hazard ratio (HR) 3.921, p = 0.002], Charlson Comorbidity Index (HR 1.181, p = 0.004), Coagulase-negative staphylococci (HR 4.233, p = 0.001), new-onset central nervous system complications (HR 3.689, p < 0.001), and new-onset heart failure (HR 4.331, p = 0.001) were significant risk factors for overall mortality. Conclusions Valve culture positivity is a significant risk factor for long-term overall mortality in IE patients who underwent valve surgery. The importance of valve culture positivity needs to be re-evaluated, as the valve culture positivity rate increases with increasing early surgical intervention.
Collapse
|
39
|
Fan Y, Song H, Abbas M, Wang Y, Liu X, Li T, Ma E, Zhu KY, Zhang J. The stability and sequence cleavage preference of dsRNA are key factors differentiating RNAi efficiency between migratory locust and Asian corn borer. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 143:103738. [PMID: 35134534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We compared the stability of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in each of two body fluids (hemolymph, midgut fluid) and in each of two tissues (integument, midgut), and the uptake of dsRNA in each of two cultured tissues (integument, midgut) between the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) and the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis). We further compared the abundance of putative small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) generated from each of two dsRNAs (dsβ-actin, dsEf1α) and the preference of dsRNA cleavages between the two insect species. Our studies showed a rapid degradation of dsRNA in the midgut fluids of both insect species and in O. furnacalis hemolymph. However, dsRNA remained reasonably stable in L. migratoria hemolymph. When nuclease degradation of dsRNA in cultured tissues was inhibited, dsRNA uptake was not significantly different between the two species. We further showed that the silencing efficiency against target genes was consistent with the abundance of putative siRNAs processed from the dsRNA. In addition, O. furnacalis showed a strong preference in cleaving dsRNA when the nucleotide G was in the position of "1" at 5'-end whereas L. migratoria showed broad spectrum in cleavage sites to generate siRNA. Taken together, our study revealed that silencing efficiency of a target gene by RNAi was directly related to the dsRNA degradation by nucleases and the abundance of siRNAs generated from the dsRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Fan
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China; College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Huifang Song
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, China
| | - Mureed Abbas
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Xiaojian Liu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Enbo Ma
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rodrigues PHV, Oliveira EL, Demetrio CA, Ambrosano GB, Piedade SMS. Effects of different light spectra on the slow-grown in vitro storage and quality of banana plantlets cv. Prata Catarina (AAB). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 2022; 150:479-485. [PMID: 35313681 PMCID: PMC8926883 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-022-02280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Continues subculturing of in vitro plant subcultures is essential for commercial micropropagation and tissue culture research. In unusual situations, the subcultures can be delayed, and the slow-growth in vitro storage technic could be applied to reduce the loss of plant material. The present study aimed to evaluate the slow-growth in vitro storage of banana plantlets ('Prata Catarina'; group AAB) under different light spectra. Shoot cultures in MS medium without plant growth regulators were maintained under blue (B), red (R), red plus blue (R2B), and white (CW) light spectra (25 °C ± 2 °C; 50 µmol m-2 s-1) for up to 140 days. The plantlets maintained under the R, CW, and R2B spectra suffered severe root damage and browning after 140 days of in vitro slow-growth storage (SGS). All plantlets maintained under the B spectrum survived after 140 days of in vitro SGS and showed little browning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Hercílio Viegas Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Tissue Culture Ornamental Plants, Crop Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13400-900 Brazil
| | - Emerson Luis Oliveira
- Herminio Ometto Fundation, University of Araras, Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Jd. Universitário, Araras, São Paulo, CEP: 13607-339 Brazil
| | - Christian Aparecido Demetrio
- Laboratory of Tissue Culture Ornamental Plants, Crop Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13400-900 Brazil
| | - Guilherme Bovi Ambrosano
- Laboratory of Tissue Culture Ornamental Plants, Crop Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13400-900 Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria Stefano Piedade
- Statistics Analysis Laboratory, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13400-900 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Suri T. Between Simians and Cell Lines: Rhesus Monkeys, Polio Research, and the Geopolitics of Tissue Culture (1934-1954). J Hist Biol 2022; 55:115-146. [PMID: 35233686 PMCID: PMC8887660 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-022-09666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This essay argues that the racialized geopolitics of the rhesus monkey trade conditioned the trajectory of tissue culture in polio research. Rhesus monkeys from north India were important experimental organisms in the American "war against polio" between the 1930s and 1950s. During this period, the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP) expended considerable effort to secure the nonhuman primate for researchers' changing experimental agendas. The NFIP drew on transnational networks to export hundreds of thousands of rhesus monkeys from colonial and later postcolonial India amid the geopolitical upheavals of World War II, the 1947 Partition, and the Cold War. In this essay, I trace how NFIP officials' anxieties about the geopolitics of the monkey trade configured research imperatives in the war against polio. I show how their anxieties more specifically shaped investment in tissue culture techniques as a possible means of obviating dependence on the market in monkeys. I do so by offering a genealogy of the contingent convergence between the use of rhesus monkeys and HeLa cell cultures in the 1954 Salk vaccine trial evaluation. Through this genealogy, I emphasize the geopolitical dimensions of the search for the "right" experimental organisms, tissues, and cells for the "job" of scientific research. The technical transformation of polio research, I argue, relied on the convergence of disparate, racialized biomedical economies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara Suri
- History Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nizan IEF, Kamaruddin K, Ong PW, Ramli Z, Singh R, Rose RJ, Chan PL. Overexpression of Oil Palm Early Nodulin 93 Protein Gene (EgENOD93) Enhances In Vitro Shoot Regeneration in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:743-757. [PMID: 35107753 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
EgENOD93 was first identified in a cDNA microarray study of oil palm tissue culture where it was highly expressed in leaf explants with embryogenic potential. Functional characterization via an RNA interference study of its orthologue in Medicago truncatula demonstrated a significant role of this gene in somatic embryo formation. In this study, EgENOD93 was overexpressed in the important model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate the embryogenic potential of EgENOD93 transgenic Arabidopsis explants compared to explants from control plants (pMDC140 and WT). Experiments using leaf explants revealed higher numbers of regenerated shoots at day 27 in all the homozygous transgenic Arabidopsis cultures (Tg01, Tg02 and Tg03) compared to controls. The expression level of EgENOD93 in Arabidopsis cultures was quantified using reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The results supported the overexpression of this gene in transgenic Arabidopsis cultures, with 6 and 10 times higher expression of EgENOD93 in callus at Day 9 and Day 20, respectively. Overall, the results support the role of EgENOD93 in the enhancement of shoot regeneration in transgenic Arabidopsis. This together with the previous results observed in oil palm and Medicago truncatula suggests that ENOD93 plays a key role in the induction of somatic embryogenesis. A similarity to early nodulation-like ontogeny is possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Intan Ernieza Farhana Nizan
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Katialisa Kamaruddin
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pei-Wen Ong
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zubaidah Ramli
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rajinder Singh
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ray J Rose
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Pek-Lan Chan
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Mammosphere formation assays are a popular and convenient technique in the study of breast cancer by providing an in vitro mechanism by which to study breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) contribution to tumorigenesis, as well as more closely mimicking the three-dimensional tumor microenvironment. In these assays, BCSCs are stimulated to proliferate in low adherence tissue culture dishes and the resulting mammospheres exhibit activation of stem cell-related signaling pathways. Here we describe the process for generating and analyzing mammospheres under varying conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciera S Singleton
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Leo Li-Ying Chan
- Department of Advanced Technology R&D, Nexcelom Bioscience LLC, Lawrence, MA, USA
| | - Kelsey J McCulley
- Department of Advanced Technology R&D, Nexcelom Bioscience LLC, Lawrence, MA, USA
| | - Sarah L Kessel
- Department of Advanced Technology R&D, Nexcelom Bioscience LLC, Lawrence, MA, USA
| | - Luis Del Valle
- Department of Pathology and Medicine & Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Judy S Crabtree
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Influenza viruses are considered prominent pathogens of humans and animals that are extensively investigated because of public health importance. Plasmid-based reverse genetics is a fundamental tool that facilitates the generation of genetically modified viruses from a cDNA copy. The ability to rescue viruses enables researchers to understand different biological characteristics including IV replication, pathogenesis, and transmission. Furthermore, understanding the biology and ability to manipulate different aspects of the virus can aid in providing a better understanding of the mechanisms of antiviral resistance and development of alternative vaccination strategies. This chapter describes the process of cloning cDNA copies of IAV and IBV RNA segments into a swine polymerase-driven reverse genetics plasmid vector, successful generation of recombinant IVs in swine cells, and propagation of virus in cells or eggs. The swine polymerase reverse genetics system was previously shown to be efficient for de novo rescue of human-, swine-, and avian-origin IAVs and IBV in swine and human origin cell lines utilizing the same protocols discussed in this chapter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Seibert
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniela Rajao
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniel R Perez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The production of recombinant proteins in seed crops has a long history and cereal grains are now one of the platforms in commercial use. Specific advantages include excellent storage properties, a well-developed endomembrane system with a high biosynthetic capacity and well-established cultivation procedures worldwide. However, the production of transgenic cereals is a time-consuming procedure and the lack of efficient transformation systems is still a significant bottleneck. Barley can be transformed at high efficiency but the protocols are genotype-dependent. Wheat is generally more challenging to transform, but considerable progress has been made in enhancing transformation efficiencies and in controlling transgene expression. In this chapter, we describe and discuss standard procedures for generating transgenic barley and wheat for the production of recombinant proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Kapusi
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Stoger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rafiq S, Rather ZA, Bhat RA, Nazki IT, Al-Harbi MS, Banday N, Farooq I, Samra BN, Khan MH, Ahmed AF, Andrabi N. Standardization of in vitro micropropagation procedure of Oriental Lilium Hybrid Cv. 'Ravenna'. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7581-7587. [PMID: 34867062 PMCID: PMC8626302 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Micropropagation protocol of Oriental Hybrid Lilium cv. Ravenna was developed using bulb scale segments (Basal and Tip) as explants. Surface sterilization of healthy bulb scales with carbendazim 200 ppm for 30 min, then 0.1 percent mercuric chloride for 10 min, then 70% ethyl alcohol for 30 s was superior to all other treatments in recording highest culture asepsis (77.08%) and higher explant survival (86.12%). Explant survival was higher in basal segments (88.54%) compared to tip segments (85.52%). Highest culture establishment was recorded in basal scale segments (68.26%) followed by tip scale segments (55.21%). MS medium augmented with 0.50 mgl−1 Naphthalene acetic acid and 2.0 mgl−1. 6-Benzylamino Purine recorded maximum culture establishment (76.17%), highest bulblet number/explant (5.52) with maximum length of shoots (2.20 cm) and number of leaves (3.39). This treatment combination of growth regulators resulted in highest shoot proliferation (83.33%) along with maximum shoot number (2.41explant−1), shoot length (2.35 cm) and leaf number (5.44) of micro shoots during proliferation stage. Rooting of explants was superior with Indole-3-butyric acid compared to Naphthalene acetic acid. Highest rooting of 92.71% along with maximum number of primary roots shoot−1 (12.06), maximum primary root length (3.17 cm) was documented in Murashige and Skoog medium added with Indole-3-butyric acid 1.50 mgl−1 with best ex vitro survival rate (98.96%) of rooted plantlets during primary hardening in perlite + vermiculite (1:1) mixture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Rafiq
- Division of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir-Shalimar, J&K 190025, India
| | - Z A Rather
- Division of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir-Shalimar, J&K 190025, India
| | - Reyaz Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir-Shalimar, J&K 190025, India
| | - I T Nazki
- Division of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir-Shalimar, J&K 190025, India
| | - Mohammad S Al-Harbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neelofar Banday
- Division of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir-Shalimar, J&K 190025, India
| | - Iqra Farooq
- Division of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir-Shalimar, J&K 190025, India
| | - Bassem N Samra
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - M H Khan
- Advanced Research Station for Saffron & Seed Spices, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir-191121, India
| | - Atef F Ahmed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najmah Andrabi
- Division of Vegetable Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir-Shalimar, J&K 190025, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abdelsalam NR, Grad WE, Ghura NS, Khalid AE, Ghareeb RY, Desoky ESM, Rady MM, Al-Yasi HM, Ali EF. Callus induction and regeneration in sugarcane under drought stress. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7432-7442. [PMID: 34867047 PMCID: PMC8626329 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue culture methods are useful in assessing the tolerance of various stresses due to the ease of controlling stress under in vitro conditions. This study aimed to investigate the response of sugarcane genotyps to drought stress using calli as a model system. For inducing sugarcane callus, the medium of Murashige and Skoog (MS) was used with different mannitol concentrations (100, 200, and 300 mM) to measure their effects on callus frequency, the day of callus initiation, embryogenic potential, relative growth rate (RGR), water and proline contents, K+ and Na+ contents, as well as the formation of shoot and roots for three sugarcane genotypes (e.g., GT 54-9, G 84-47, and pH 8013). The RAPD-PCR analysis was carried out using five oligonucleotide primers to identify the genetic variation among sugarcane genotypes. The results indicated that the degree of callus proliferation varied from 70 - 86%. The highest value of callus proliferation, PGR, shoot formation was recorded for the genotype GT 54-9 compared to the other two genotypes (G 84-47 and pH 8013). Calli treated with 100 mM mannitol showed the highest RGR, proline and waer contents for the genotype GT 54-9, while, those treated with 300 mM recorded the lowest values of these parameters for the genotype pH 8013. The genotype G 84-47 collected highest Na+ content, while the genotype pH 8013 collected highest K+ content. The results of this study recommend preference for GT 54-9 genotype, which is considered the most promising genotype, showing more tolerance to drought stress based on all studied traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nader R. Abdelsalam
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Wafaa E. Grad
- Breeding and Genetics Department, Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nabawya S.A. Ghura
- Breeding and Genetics Department, Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Khalid
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Rehab Y. Ghareeb
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed M. Desoky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M. Rady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Hatim M. Al-Yasi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esmat F. Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Di Pauli V, Fontana PD, Lewi DM, Felipe A, Erazzú LE. Optimized somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in elite Argentinian sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) cultivars. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:171. [PMID: 34750689 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Biotechnological breeding of elite sugarcane cultivars is currently limited because of the difficulty of regenerating plants by tissue culture. Here, we report that commercially elite sugarcane genotypes, which are adapted to Argentinian agro-ecological conditions, are capable of being regenerated via indirect somatic embryogenesis. Leaf rolls of five elite genotypes were cultured following two callus induction protocols using different concentrations of 2,4-D as the growth regulator. Embryogenic calluses were regenerated under light conditions. Regenerated plants were subsequently acclimatized in the greenhouse under two acclimatization procedures before being transplanted to the field. Results Four of the five genotypes were able to form somatic embryos following the two induction protocols. The variables related to embryogenic callus production were influenced by the interaction between genotype and culture conditions. For plant regeneration, the embryogenic calluses were further cultured on an IBA-supplemented medium, where we observed a high genotype dependence. Calluses from the four cultivars regenerated a good number of plants. With the procedures described here, we obtained more than 90% of well-acclimatized plants both in the greenhouse and in the field. Conclusions This protocol provides a simple way to regenerate sugarcane plants through indirect somatic embryogenesis. Also, the results confirm that tissue culture ability is highly genotype-dependent in sugarcane. Our findings suggest that these elite cultivars could be good candidates for biotechnological breeding.
Collapse
|
49
|
Asgari-Targhi G, Iranbakhsh A, Oraghi Ardebili Z, Hatami Tooski A. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan encapsulated zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposite and its biological assessment in pepper (Capsicum annuum) as an elicitor for in vitro tissue culture applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:170-182. [PMID: 34425117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology paves the way for introducing nanoscale fertilizers, pesticides, and elicitors. This study intends to address the synthesis of chitosan/zinc oxide nanocomposite (CS-ZnONP) and its biological assessment in in-vitro conditions. The zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were successfully coated with the chitosan (CS) polymer through a cost-effective approach. Transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy assessments proved the surface capping of chitosan polymer on ZnONP. The nanocomposite was more capable of improving growth and biomass than the bare ZnONPs. The application of the nanocomposite increased the concentration of chlorophylls (51%), carotenoids (70%), proline (2-fold), and proteins (about 2-fold). The supplementation of culture medium with the nanomaterials upregulated enzymatic antioxidant biomarkers (catalase and peroxidase). The activity of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme also displayed a similar significant upward trend in response to the nano-supplements. The CS-ZnONP treatment considerably enhanced the accumulation of alkaloids (60.5%) and soluble phenols (40%), implying stimulation in secondary metabolism. The micropropagation test revealed that the CS-ZnONP treatment improved the organogenesis performance. Overall, the nanocomposite can be considered a highly potent biocompatible elicitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Asgari-Targhi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Iranbakhsh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Adel Hatami Tooski
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Calabuig-Serna A, Porcel R, Corral-Martínez P, Seguí-Simarro JM. Anther and Isolated Microspore Culture in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2288:235-50. [PMID: 34270015 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1335-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Eggplant is one of the five important, worldwide-distributed solanaceous crops. The use of anther culture technology to produce pure, 100% homozygous doubled haploid lines for hybrid seed production is possible since 1982, where the first protocol of wide application to different eggplant materials was published. From then on, different improvements and adaptations to different materials have been made. In parallel, protocols to implement isolated microspore culture technology in eggplant have been developed principally in the last decade, which opens the door for a more efficient DH production in this species. In this chapter, two protocols, one for anther and other for isolated microspore culture in eggplant, are described. Some steps and materials are common to both approaches. A detailed description of each step from is provided.
Collapse
|