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Ying W, Wen G, Xu W, Liu H, Ding W, Zheng L, He Y, Yuan H, Yan D, Cui F, Huang J, Zheng B, Wang X. Agrobacterium rhizogenes: paving the road to research and breeding for woody plants. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1196561. [PMID: 38034586 PMCID: PMC10682722 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1196561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Woody plants play a vital role in global ecosystems and serve as valuable resources for various industries and human needs. While many woody plant genomes have been fully sequenced, gene function research and biotechnological breeding advances have lagged behind. As a result, only a limited number of genes have been elucidated, making it difficult to use newer tools such as CRISPR-Cas9 for biotechnological breeding purposes. The use of Agrobacterium rhizogenes as a transformative tool in plant biotechnology has received considerable attention in recent years, particularly in the research field on woody plants. Over the past three decades, numerous woody plants have been effectively transformed using A. rhizogenes-mediated techniques. Some of these transformed plants have successfully regenerated. Recent research on A. rhizogenes-mediated transformation of woody plants has demonstrated its potential for various applications, including gene function analysis, gene expression profiling, gene interaction studies, and gene regulation analysis. The introduction of the Ri plasmid has resulted in the emergence of several Ri phenotypes, such as compact plant types, which can be exploited for Ri breeding purposes. This review paper presents recent advances in A. rhizogenes-mediated basic research and Ri breeding in woody plants. This study highlights various aspects of A. rhizogenes-mediated transformation, its multiple applications in gene function analysis, and the potential of Ri lines as valuable breeding materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangchao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wona Ding
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luqing Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daoliang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fuqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Biswas D, Chakraborty A, Mukherjee S, Ghosh B. Hairy root culture: a potent method for improved secondary metabolite production of Solanaceous plants. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1197555. [PMID: 37731987 PMCID: PMC10507345 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1197555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites synthesized by the Solanaceous plants are of major therapeutic and pharmaceutical importance, many of which are commonly obtained from the roots of these plants. 'Hairy roots', mirroring the same phytochemical pattern of the corresponding root of the parent plant with higher growth rate and productivity, are therefore extensively studied as an effective alternative for the in vitro production of these metabolites. Hairy roots are the transformed roots, generated from the infection site of the wounded plants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. With their fast growth, being free from pathogen and herbicide contamination, genetic stability, and autotrophic nature for plant hormones, hairy roots are considered as useful bioproduction systems for specialized metabolites. Lately, several elicitation methods have been employed to enhance the accumulation of these compounds in the hairy root cultures for both small and large-scale production. Nevertheless, in the latter case, the cultivation of hairy roots in bioreactors should still be optimized. Hairy roots can also be utilized for metabolic engineering of the regulatory genes in the metabolic pathways leading to enhanced production of metabolites. The present study summarizes the updated and modern biotechnological aspects for enhanced production of secondary metabolites in the hairy root cultures of the plants of Solanaceae and their respective importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptesh Biswas
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, India
| | - Avijit Chakraborty
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, India
| | - Swapna Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology, Dinabandhu Andrews College, Kolkata, India
| | - Biswajit Ghosh
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, India
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Kobtrakul K, Rani D, Binalee A, Udomlarp P, Srichai T, De-Eknamkul W, Vimolmangkang S. Elicitation enhances the production of friedelin and epifriedelanol in hairy root cultures of Cannabis sativa L. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1242584. [PMID: 37636107 PMCID: PMC10451078 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1242584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) has a global distribution and social impact, and it is widely used as a medicinal plant, food ingredient, and textile fiber. Its roots have received less attention than other parts, especially the inflorescence, leaves, and shoots. Triterpenoids, including friedelin and epifriedelanol, have been found in hemp roots, and their anti-inflammatory effects have been reported. In this study, the potential enhancement of triterpenoid accumulation in the roots of C. sativa by elicitation was examined. Hairy roots were successfully established, and they contained 2.02-fold higher triterpenoid levels than natural roots. Furthermore, hairy roots treated with 75 μM salicylic acid had 1.95-fold higher friedelin levels (0.963 mg/g DW) and 1.4-fold higher epifriedelanol levels (0.685 mg/g DW) than untreated hairy roots. These results suggested that the elucidation of hairy root cultures using an optimized elicitor could represent an alternative strategy to produce the valuable triterpenoids friedelin and epifriedelanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khwanlada Kobtrakul
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dolly Rani
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Asma Binalee
- Herbal and Phytochemical Testing Laboratory Center (HPTLC), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattarapol Udomlarp
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tatiya Srichai
- Research Cluster for Cannabis and its Natural Substances, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanchai De-Eknamkul
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Herbal and Phytochemical Testing Laboratory Center (HPTLC), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sornkanok Vimolmangkang
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Cluster for Cannabis and its Natural Substances, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Ozyigit II, Dogan I, Hocaoglu-Ozyigit A, Yalcin B, Erdogan A, Yalcin IE, Cabi E, Kaya Y. Production of secondary metabolites using tissue culture-based biotechnological applications. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1132555. [PMID: 37457343 PMCID: PMC10339834 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1132555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants are the sources of many bioactive secondary metabolites which are present in plant organs including leaves, stems, roots, and flowers. Although they provide advantages to the plants in many cases, they are not necessary for metabolisms related to growth, development, and reproduction. They are specific to plant species and are precursor substances, which can be modified for generations of various compounds in different plant species. Secondary metabolites are used in many industries, including dye, food processing and cosmetic industries, and in agricultural control as well as being used as pharmaceutical raw materials by humans. For this reason, the demand is high; therefore, they are needed to be obtained in large volumes and the large productions can be achieved using biotechnological methods in addition to production, being done with classical methods. For this, plant biotechnology can be put in action through using different methods. The most important of these methods include tissue culture and gene transfer. The genetically modified plants are agriculturally more productive and are commercially more effective and are valuable tools for industrial and medical purposes as well as being the sources of many secondary metabolites of therapeutic importance. With plant tissue culture applications, which are also the first step in obtaining transgenic plants with having desirable characteristics, it is possible to produce specific secondary metabolites in large-scale through using whole plants or using specific tissues of these plants in laboratory conditions. Currently, many studies are going on this subject, and some of them receiving attention are found to be taken place in plant biotechnology and having promising applications. In this work, particularly benefits of secondary metabolites, and their productions through tissue culture-based biotechnological applications are discussed using literature with presence of current studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilhan Dogan
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Akyazi Vocational School of Health Services, Sakarya University of Applied Science, Sakarya, Türkiye
| | - Asli Hocaoglu-Ozyigit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Biology Program, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Tekirdag Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Türkiye
| | - Bestenur Yalcin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Aysegul Erdogan
- Application and Research Centre for Testing and Analysis, EGE MATAL, Chromatography and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Ibrahim Ertugrul Yalcin
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Evren Cabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Tekirdag Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Türkiye
| | - Yilmaz Kaya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Türkiye
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Timofejeva L, Singh D. Editorial: Methods and applications of CRISPR technology in plant sciences, 2022. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1207257. [PMID: 37215290 PMCID: PMC10193032 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1207257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ljudmilla Timofejeva
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre of Estonian Rural Research and Knowledge, Jõgeva, Estonia
| | - Davinder Singh
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Wu W, Zhu L, Wang P, Liao Y, Duan L, Lin K, Chen X, Li L, Xu J, Hu H, Xu ZF, Ni J. Transcriptome-Based Construction of the Gibberellin Metabolism and Signaling Pathways in Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla, and Functional Characterization of GA20ox and GA2ox in Regulating Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Adaptations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087051. [PMID: 37108215 PMCID: PMC10138970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are the key regulators controlling plant growth, wood production and the stress responses in perennial woody plants. The role of GA in regulating the above-mentioned processes in Eucalyptus remain largely unclear. There is still a lack of systematic identification and functional characterization of GA-related genes in Eucalyptus. In this study, a total of 59,948 expressed genes were identified from the major vegetative tissues of the E. grandis × E. urophylla using transcriptome sequencing. Then, the key gene families in each step of GA biosynthesis, degradation and signaling were investigated and compared with those of Arabidopsis, rice, and Populus. The expression profile generated using Real-time quantitative PCR showed that most of these genes exhibited diverse expression patterns in different vegetative organs and in response to abiotic stresses. Furthermore, we selectively overexpressed EguGA20ox1, EguGA20ox2 and EguGA2ox1 in both Arabidopsis and Eucalyptus via Agrobacterium tumefaciens or A. rhizogenes-mediated transformation. Though both Arabidopsis EguGA20ox1- and EguGA20ox2-overexpressing (OE) lines exhibited better vegetative growth performance, they were more sensitive to abiotic stress, unlike EguGA2ox1-OE plants, which exhibited enhanced stress resistance. Moreover, overexpression of EguGA20ox in Eucalyptus roots caused significantly accelerated hairy root initiation and elongation and improved root xylem differentiation. Our study provided a comprehensive and systematic study of the genes of the GA metabolism and signaling and identified the role of GA20ox and GA2ox in regulating plant growth, stress tolerance, and xylem development in Eucalyptus; this could benefit molecular breeding for obtaining high-yield and stress-resistant Eucalyptus cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Linhui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuwu Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lanjuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kai Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lijie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiajing Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jun Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Uchida K, Yokota Hirai M. A simple method for creating transgenic pea hairy roots using a Japanese pea cultivar and a Japanese Rhizobium radiobacter strain. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2023; 40:113-116. [PMID: 38213929 PMCID: PMC10777132 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.1219c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum) is an agriculturally important leguminous crop cultivated worldwide. It is also the plant from which phytoalexin was isolated for the first time. Several studies have investigated gene functions using pea hairy root culture systems. However, the procedures for producing hairy roots are relatively complicated and only a few pea cultivars and Rhizobium strains have been used. In this study, we established a simple method for generating transgenic hairy roots using a pea cultivar and a Rhizobium strain available in Japan. The transformation efficiency for the transgenic hairy roots (approximately 14%) was calculated on the basis of GFP fluorescence because the binary vector used in this study carried a GFP cassette as a marker. Furthermore, we confirmed that the production of the phytoalexin (+)-pisatin was induced by a copper dichloride treatment, indicating that this system can be used to characterize the biosynthesis of (+)-pisatin, which is a compound with a unique pterocarpan structure. Interestingly, some of the hairy roots turned into crown galls during the culture period. In summary, our simple method enables the production of transgenic pea hairy roots using biological materials accessible in Japan. The generated hairy roots can be used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying (+)-pisatin biosynthesis as well as hairy root/crown gall formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Uchida
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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Zhang CC, Wang S, Wang YF, Wang HY, Qin M, Dai XY, Yan BB, Guo XZ, Zhou L, Lin HB, Guo LP. [Application of tissue culture technology of medicinal plants in sustainable development of Chinese medicinal resources]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2023; 48:1186-1193. [PMID: 37005802 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20221017.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Chinese medicinal resources are the cornerstone of the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine industry. However, due to the fecundity of species, over-exploitation, and limitations of artificial cultivation, some medicinal plants are depleted and even endangered. Tissue culture, a breakthrough technology in the breeding of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, is not limited by time and space, and can allow the production on an annual basis, which plays an important role in the protection of Chinese medicinal resources. The present study reviewed the applications of tissue culture of medicinal plants in the field of Chinese medicinal resources, including rapid propagation of medicinal plant seedlings, breeding of novel high-yield and high-quality cultivars, construction of a genetic transformation system, and production of secondary metabolites. Meanwhile, the current challenges and suggestions for the future development of this field were also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China Dexing Research and Training Center of Chinese Medical Sciences Dexing 334213, China
| | - Yue-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ming Qin
- Dexing Research and Training Center of Chinese Medical Sciences Dexing 334213, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Dai
- Dexing Research and Training Center of Chinese Medical Sciences Dexing 334213, China
| | - Bin-Bin Yan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China Dexing Research and Training Center of Chinese Medical Sciences Dexing 334213, China
| | - Xiu-Zhi Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Huai-Bin Lin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
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Kong Q, Li J, Wang S, Feng X, Shou H. Combination of Hairy Root and Whole-Plant Transformation Protocols to Achieve Efficient CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing in Soybean. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1017. [PMID: 36903878 PMCID: PMC10005656 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The new gene-editing technology CRISPR/Cas system has been widely used for genome engineering in various organisms. Since the CRISPR/Cas gene-editing system has a certain possibility of low efficiency and the whole plant transformation of soybean is time-consuming and laborious, it is important to evaluate the editing efficiency of designed CRISPR constructs before the stable whole plant transformation process starts. Here, we provide a modified protocol for generating transgenic hairy soybean roots to assess the efficiency of guide RNA (gRNA) sequences of the CRISPR/Cas constructs within 14 days. The cost- and space-effective protocol was first tested in transgenic soybean harboring the GUS reporter gene for the efficiency of different gRNA sequences. Targeted DNA mutations were detected in 71.43-97.62% of the transgenic hairy roots analyzed as evident by GUS staining and DNA sequencing of the target region. Among the four designed gene-editing sites, the highest editing efficiency occurred at the 3' terminal of the GUS gene. In addition to the reporter gene, the protocol was tested for the gene-editing of 26 soybean genes. Among the gRNAs selected for stable transformation, the editing efficiency of hairy root transformation and stable transformation ranged from 5% to 88.8% and 2.7% to 80%, respectively. The editing efficiencies of stable transformation were positively correlated with those of hairy root transformation with a Pearson correlation coefficient (r) of 0.83. Our results demonstrated that soybean hairy root transformation could rapidly assess the efficiency of designed gRNA sequences on genome editing. This method can not only be directly applied to the functional study of root-specific genes, but more importantly, it can be applied to the pre-screening of gRNA in CRISPR/Cas gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shoudong Wang
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 310012, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 310012, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Huixia Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 310012, China
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10
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Fang P, Hu Y, Xia W, Wu X, Sun T, Pandey AK, Ning K, Zhu C, Xu P. Transcriptome Dynamics of Common Bean Roots Exposed to Various Heavy Metals Reveal Valuable Target Genes and Promoters for Genetic Engineering. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:223-233. [PMID: 36547223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the gene regulatory basis of plant response to heavy metals (HMs) is fundamental for the management of food safety and security. However, a comprehensive and comparative view of the plant responses to different HMs is still lacking. Here, we compared root transcriptomes in common bean under 9 HM treatments at 50 μM for three time points each. Cd, Cr, Co, Ni, and Pb caused most severe morphological and/or biochemical retardations. A total of 448 genes were found to be responsive to all nine HMs, which were mostly involved in photosynthesis, oxidization-reduction, and ion binding. Cd and Cu triggered the greatest number of unique differentially expressed genes (DEG)s, which were predominantly related to cellular transport/localization in the former and RNA binding in the latter. Short-term and prolonged HM treatments shaped very different DEG patterns. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified six co-expression modules showing exceptionally high transcripts abundance in specific HM × time scenarios. We experimentally verified the promoter activity of the gene GIP1 and the novel function of XTH23 under Cu/Cd stress. Collectively, the transcriptomic atlas provides valuable resources for better understanding the common and unique mechanisms of plant response to different HMs and offers a mass of candidate target genes/promoters for genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Fang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou310018, P.R. China
| | - Yannan Hu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou310018, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Xia
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou310018, P.R. China
| | - Xinyang Wu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou310018, P.R. China
| | - Ting Sun
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou310018, P.R. China
| | - Arun Kumar Pandey
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou310018, P.R. China
| | - Kang Ning
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou310018, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou310018, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang, Hangzhou310018, P.R. China
| | - Pei Xu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou310018, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang, Hangzhou310018, P.R. China
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11
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Liu X, Li W, Wang M, Cao Y, Zhang T, Hu H, Cheng X, Yan Q. Establishment of hairy root system of transgenic IRT1 brassica campestris L. and preliminary study of its effect on cadmium enrichment. Int J Phytoremediation 2023; 25:1455-1462. [PMID: 36597829 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2164247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is the main heavy metal pollutant in soil. The combination of genetic engineering technology and Rizobium rhizogenes mediated technology can effectively improve the enrichment efficiency of heavy metals in super accumulators and reduce soil heavy metal pollution. In this study, the transgenic hairy root system containing the IRT1 gene of Cd hyperaccumulator-Brassica campestris L. was successfully constructed by the R. rhizogenes mediated method (IRT1 gene come from Arabidopsis thaliana). The hairy roots of each subculture can grow stably within 6 weeks, and IRT1 gene will not be lost within 50 subcultures., which is detected using PCR method. The results of Cd enrichment experiments showed that after treatment with 100 µmol/L Cd for 14 days, the growth state of transgenic IRT1 hairy roots only showed slight browning. Also, the accumulation value of Cd reached 331.61 µg/g and the enrichment efficiency of transgenic IRT1 hairy roots was 13.8% higher than that of wild-type hairy roots. Western blotting results showed that the expression of IRT1 protein in transgenic hairy roots was significantly higher than that of wild-type hairy roots under Cd stress. The above results indicated that the overexpression of IRT1 gene can help B. campestris L. hairy roots to effectively cope with Cd stress and improve its ability to enrich Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Menghua Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Yushen Cao
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Honggang Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyu Cheng
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Yan
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
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12
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Zhou L, Wang Y, Wang P, Wang C, Wang J, Wang X, Cheng H. Highly efficient Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation for gene editing analysis in cotton. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1059404. [PMID: 36643290 PMCID: PMC9832336 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1059404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CRIPSR/Cas9 gene editing system is an effective tool for genome modification in plants. Multiple target sites are usually designed and the effective target sites are selected for editing. Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., hereafter cotton) is allotetraploid and is commonly considered as difficult and inefficient to transform, it is important to select the effective target sites that could result in the ideal transgenic plants with the CRISPR-induced mutations. In this study, Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root method was optimized to detect the feasibility of the target sites designed in cotton phytoene desaturase (GhPDS) gene. A. rhizogenes showed the highest hairy root induction (30%) when the bacteria were cultured until OD600 reached to 0.8. This procedure was successfully applied to induce hairy roots in the other three cultivars (TM-1, Lumian-21, Zhongmian-49) and the mutations were detected in GhPDS induced by CRISPR/Cas9 system. Different degrees of base deletions at two sgRNAs (sgRNA5 and sgRNA10) designed in GhPDS were detected in R15 hairy roots. Furthermore, we obtained an albino transgenic cotton seeding containing CRISPR/Cas9-induced gene editing mutations in sgRNA10. The hairy root transformation system established in this study is sufficient for selecting sgRNAs in cotton, providing a technical basis for functional genomics research of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peilin Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingfen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Hongmei Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
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13
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Liu S, Wang X, Li Q, Peng W, Zhang Z, Chu P, Guo S, Fan Y, Lyu S. AtGCS promoter-driven clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 highly efficiently generates homozygous/biallelic mutations in the transformed roots by Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:952428. [PMID: 36330262 PMCID: PMC9623429 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.952428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated (ARM) transformation is an efficient and powerful tool to generate transgenic roots to study root-related biology. For loss-of-function studies, transgenic-root-induced indel mutations by CRISPR/Cas9 only with homozygous/biallelic mutagenesis can exhibit mutant phenotype(s) (excluding recessive traits). However, a low frequency of homozygous mutants was produced by a constitutive promoter to drive Cas9 expression. Here, we identified a highly efficient Arabidopsis thaliana gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase promoter, termed AtGCSpro, with strong activity in the region where the root meristem will initiate and in the whole roots in broad eudicots species. AtGCSpro achieved higher homozygous/biallelic mutation efficiency than the most widely used CaMV 35S promoter in driving Cas9 expression in soybean, Lotus japonicus, and tomato roots. Using the pAtGCSpro-Cas9 system, the average homozygous/biallelic mutation frequency is 1.7-fold and 8.3-fold higher than the p2 × 35Spro-Cas9 system for single and two target site(s) in the genome, respectively. Our results demonstrate the advantage of the pAtGCSpro-Cas9 system used in ARM transformation, especially its great potential in diploids with multiple-copy genes targeted mutations and polyploid plants with multiplex genome editing. AtGCSpro is conservatively active in various eudicots species, suggesting that AtGCSpro might be applied in a wide range of dicots species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yinglun Fan
- *Correspondence: Yinglun Fan, ; Shanhua Lyu, ;
| | - Shanhua Lyu
- *Correspondence: Yinglun Fan, ; Shanhua Lyu, ;
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14
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Sharma AR, Gajurel G, Ahmed I, Roedel K, Medina-Bolivar F. Induction of the Prenylated Stilbenoids Arachidin-1 and Arachidin-3 and Their Semi-Preparative Separation and Purification from Hairy Root Cultures of Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). Molecules 2022; 27:6118. [PMID: 36144847 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Prenylated stilbenoids such as arachidin-1 and arachidin-3 are stilbene derivatives that exhibit multiple pharmacological activities. We report an elicitation strategy using different combinations of cyclodextrin, hydrogen peroxide, methyl jasmonate and magnesium chloride to increase arachidin-1 and arachidin-3 production in peanut hairy root cultures. The treatment of hairy root cultures with cyclodextrin with hydrogen peroxide selectively enhanced arachidin-1 yield (132.6 ± 20.4 mg/L), which was 1.8-fold higher than arachidin-3. Similarly, cyclodextrin combined with methyl jasmonate selectively enhanced arachidin-3 yield (178.2 ± 6.8 mg/L), which was 5.5-fold higher than arachidin-1. Re-elicitation of the hairy root cultures further increased the levels of arachidin-1 and arachidin-3 by 24% and 42%, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of the culture medium was consecutively fractionated by normal- and reversed-phase column chromatography, followed by semi-preparative HPLC purification on a C18 column to yield arachidin-1 with a recovery rate of 32% and arachidin-3 with a recovery rate of 39%, both at higher than 95% purity. This study provided a sustainable strategy to produce high-purity arachidin-1 and arachidin-3 using hairy root cultures of peanuts combined with column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC.
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15
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Morey KJ, Peebles CAM. Hairy roots: An untapped potential for production of plant products. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:937095. [PMID: 35991443 PMCID: PMC9389236 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.937095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While plants are an abundant source of valuable natural products, it is often challenging to produce those products for commercial application. Often organic synthesis is too expensive for a viable commercial product and the biosynthetic pathways are often so complex that transferring them to a microorganism is not trivial or feasible. For plants not suited to agricultural production of natural products, hairy root cultures offer an attractive option for a production platform which offers genetic and biochemical stability, fast growth, and a hormone free culture media. Advances in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology tools to engineer hairy roots along with bioreactor technology is to a point where commercial application of the technology will soon be realized. We discuss different applications of hairy roots. We also use a case study of the advancements in understanding of the terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots to illustrate the advancements and challenges in pathway discovery and in pathway engineering.
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16
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Jedličková V, Mácová K, Štefková M, Butula J, Staveníková J, Sedláček M, Robert HS. Hairy root transformation system as a tool for CRISPR/Cas9-directed genome editing in oilseed rape ( Brassica napus). Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:919290. [PMID: 35991410 PMCID: PMC9386449 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.919290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our study examined the mutation efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 method for tryptophan aminotransferase BnaTAA1 genes involved in the auxin biosynthesis pathway. We made nine CRISPR/Cas9 constructs with various promoters driving the expression of a Cas9 from Staphylococcus aureus (SaCas9) or a plant-codon-optimized Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (pcoCas9). We developed a fast and efficient system for evaluating the variety and frequency of mutations caused by each construct using Brassica napus hairy roots. We showed that pcoCas9 is more efficient in mutating the targeted loci than SaCas9 and the presence of the NLS signal enhanced the chance of mutagenesis by 25%. The mutations were studied further in regenerated lines, and we determined the BnaTAA1 gene expression and heritability of the gene modifications in transgenic plants. Hairy root transformation combined with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing represents a fast and straightforward system for studying target gene function in the important oilseed crop B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Jedličková
- CEITEC MU – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Mácová
- CEITEC MU – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marie Štefková
- CEITEC MU – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Butula
- CEITEC MU – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jana Staveníková
- CEITEC MU – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marek Sedláček
- CEITEC MU – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Hélène S. Robert
- CEITEC MU – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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17
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Gutierrez-Valdes N, Häkkinen ST, Lemasson C, de Groot J, Ele-Ekouna JP, Guillet M, Cardon F, Ritala A. Improving yield of a recombinant biologic in a Brassica hairy root manufacturing process. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2831-2841. [PMID: 35822204 PMCID: PMC9543041 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hairy root systems have proven to be a viable alternative for recombinant protein production. For recalcitrant proteins, maximizing the productivity of hairy root cultures is essential. The aim of this study was to optimize a Brassica rapa rapa hairy root process for secretion of alpha‐
l‐iduronidase (IDUA), a biologic of medical value. The process was first optimized with hairy roots expressing eGFP. For the biomass optimization, the highest biomass yields were achieved in modified Gamborg B5 culture medium. For the secretion induction, the optimized secretion media was obtained with additives (1.5 g/l PVP + 1 mg/l 2,4‐
d + 20.5 g/l KNO3) resulting in 3.4 fold eGFP secretion when compared to the non‐induced control. These optimized conditions were applied to the IDUA‐expressing hairy root clone, confirming that the highest yields of secreted IDUA occurred when using the defined additive combination. The functionality of the IDUA protein, secreted and intracellular, was confirmed with an enzymatic activity assay. A > 150‐fold increase of the IDUA activity was observed using an optimized secretion medium, compared with a non‐induced medium. We have proven that our B. rapa rapa hairy root system can be harnessed to secrete recalcitrant proteins, illustrating the high potential of hairy roots in plant molecular farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Gutierrez-Valdes
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O.Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Suvi T Häkkinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O.Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Jonas de Groot
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O.Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Anneli Ritala
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O.Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
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18
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Bose R, Sengupta M, Basu D, Jha S. The rolB-transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants exhibit upregulated ARF7 and ARF19 gene expression. Plant Direct 2022; 6:e414. [PMID: 35774625 PMCID: PMC9219009 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium rhizogenes root oncogenic locus B (rolB) is known to induce hairy roots along with triggering several physiological and morphological changes when present as a transgene. However, it is still unknown how this gene triggers these changes within the plant system. In this study, the effect of rolB in-planta, when present as a transgene, was assessed on the gene expression levels of auxin response factors (ARFs)-transcription factors which are key players in auxin-mediated responses. The goal was to uncover Auxin/ARF-driven transcriptional networks potentially active and working selectively, if any, in rolB transgenic background, which might potentially be associated with hairy root development. Hence, the approach involved establishing rolB-transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants, selecting ARFs (NtARFs) for context-relevance using bioinformatics followed by gene expression profiling. It was observed that out of the chosen NtARFs, NtARF7 and NtARF19 exhibited a consistent pattern of gene upregulation across organ types. In order to understand the significance of these selective gene upregulation, ontology-based transcriptional network maps of the differentially and nondifferentially expressed ARFs were constructed, guided by co-expression databases. The network maps suggested that NtARF7-NtARF19 might have major deterministic, underappreciated roles to play in root development in a rolB-transgenic background-as observed by higher number of "root-related" biological processes present as nodes compared to network maps for similarly constructed other non-differentially expressed ARFs. Based on the inferences drawn, it is hypothesized that rolB, when present as a transgene, might drive hairy root development by selective induction of NtARF7 and NtARF19, suggesting a functional link between the two, leading to the specialized and characteristic rolB-associated traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bose
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of CalcuttaKolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Mainak Sengupta
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of CalcuttaKolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Debabrata Basu
- Division of Plant BiologyBose InstituteKolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Sumita Jha
- Department of BotanyUniversity of CalcuttaKolkataWest BengalIndia
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19
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Su Y, Lin C, Zhang J, Hu B, Wang J, Li J, Wang S, Liu R, Li X, Song Z, Wang J. One-Step Regeneration of Hairy Roots to Induce High Tanshinone Plants in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:913985. [PMID: 35668807 PMCID: PMC9163987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.913985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant of Labiatae, which has been widely utilized to treat a variety of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, due to the long growth cycle, low content of active ingredients, and serious quality deterioration of S. miltiorrhiza, the use of biotechnology to improve S. miltiorrhiza to meet the growing demand for clinical applications has become a research hotspot. In this study, a novel one-step hairy root regeneration method was developed, which could rapidly obtain hairy roots and regenerated plants with high tanshinone content. By optimizing the parameters of Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation in S. miltiorrhiza, it was finally established that the explants were infected in Ar.qual (OD600 = 0.6) for 10 min, co-cultured for 3 days, and then screened on the screening medium containing 7.5 mg/l hygromycin, the maximum transformation frequency can reach 73.85%. GFP and PCR detection yielded a total of 9 positive transgenic hairy root lines and 11 positive transgenic regenerated plants. SmGGPPS1 was successfully overexpressed in positive transgenic regenerated plants, according to the results of qRT-PCR. The content of tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone were dramatically enhanced in transgenic regenerated plants and hairy roots by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis. Based on the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of S. miltiorrhiza, this study developed a new method for regenerating plants with transgenic hairy roots. This method provides a foundation for the breeding of S. miltiorrhiza and the sustainable development of medicinal plant resources, as well as provides a useful reference for the application of other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuekai Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Caicai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Bei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Ruihao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Zhenqiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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20
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Nguyen DV, Hoang TTH, Le NT, Tran HT, Nguyen CX, Moon YH, Chu HH, Do PT. An Efficient Hairy Root System for Validation of Plant Transformation Vector and CRISPR/Cas Construct Activities in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.). Front Plant Sci 2022; 12:770062. [PMID: 35222448 PMCID: PMC8874011 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.770062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hairy root induction system has been applied in various plant species as an effective method to study gene expression and function due to its fast-growing and high genetic stability. Recently, these systems have shown to be an effective tool to evaluate activities of CRISPR/Cas9 systems for genome editing. In this study, Rhizobium rhizogenes mediated hairy root induction was optimized to provide an effective tool for validation of plant transformation vector, CRISPR/Cas9 construct activities as well as selection of targeted gRNAs for gene editing in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Under the optimized conditions including OD650 at 0.4 for infection and 5 days of co-cultivation, the highest hairy root induction frequency reached 100% for the cucumber variety Choka F1. This procedure was successfully utilized to overexpress a reporter gene (gus) and induce mutations in two Lotus japonicus ROOTHAIRLESS1 homolog genes CsbHLH66 and CsbHLH82 using CRISPR/Cas9 system. For induced mutation, about 78% of transgenic hairy roots exhibited mutant phenotypes including sparse root hair and root hair-less. The targeted mutations were obtained in individual CsbHLH66, CsbHLH82, or both CsbHLH66 and CsbHLH82 genes by heteroduplex analysis and sequencing. The hairy root transformation system established in this study is sufficient and potential for further research in genome editing of cucumber as well as other cucumis plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doai Van Nguyen
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Trang Thi-Huyen Hoang
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Thu Le
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huyen Thi Tran
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Xuan Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Yong-Hwan Moon
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ha Hoang Chu
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phat Tien Do
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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21
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Nguyen V, Searle IR. An Efficient Root Transformation System for Recalcitrant Vicia sativa. Front Plant Sci 2022; 12:781014. [PMID: 35069639 PMCID: PMC8777216 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.781014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Common vetch (Vicia sativa) is a multi-purpose legume widely used in pasture and crop rotation systems. Vetch seeds have desirable nutritional characteristics and are often used to feed ruminant animals. Although transcriptomes are available for vetch, problems with genetic transformation and plant regeneration hinder functional gene studies in this legume species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a simple, efficient and rapid hairy root transformation system for common vetch to facilitate functional gene analysis. At first, we infected the hypocotyls of 5-day-old in vitro or in vivo, soil-grown seedlings with Rhizobium rhizogenes K599 using a stabbing method and produced transgenic hairy roots after 24 days at 19 and 50% efficiency, respectively. We later improved the hairy root transformation in vitro by infecting different explants (seedling, hypocotyl-epicotyl, and shoot) with R. rhizogenes. We observed hairy root formation at the highest efficiency in shoot and hypocotyl-epicotyl explants with 100 and 93% efficiency, respectively. In both cases, an average of four hairy roots per explant were obtained, and about 73 and 91% of hairy roots from shoot and hypocotyl-epicotyl, respectively, showed stable expression of a co-transformed marker β-glucuronidase (GUS). In summary, we developed a rapid, highly efficient, hairy root transformation method by using R. rhizogenes on vetch explants, which could facilitate functional gene analysis in common vetch.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iain R. Searle
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint International Centre for Agriculture and Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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22
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Sathasivam R, Choi M, Radhakrishnan R, Kwon H, Yoon J, Yang SH, Kim JK, Chung YS, Park SU. Effects of various Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains on hairy root induction and analyses of primary and secondary metabolites in Ocimum basilicum. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:983776. [PMID: 36325544 PMCID: PMC9619037 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.983776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The hairy root (HR) culture system is an excellent alternative strategy to the whole plant system for producing valuable compounds. However, selection of suitable Agrobacterium strain for the successful induction of HR is an essential step for enhanced production of beneficial secondary metabolites. In this study, we examined the transformation efficiency of various A. rhizogenes strains (ATCC 13333, ATCC 15834, A4, R1000, R1200, and R1601) for transgenic HRs induction in Ocimum basilicum. Among the tested strains, the R1601 was found to be one of the most promising strain for mass production of HR in terms of transformation efficiency (94%) and the number and length of HR (8.4 ± 0.52 and 1.68 ± 0.14 cm). The HR induced by the same strain exhibited highest levels of rosmarinic acid level (62.05 ± 4.94 µg/g DW) and total phenolic content (62.3 ± 4.95 µg/g DW). A total of 55 metabolites were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). The PCA and PLS-DA plot of the identified metabolites showed that HR induced by A4 and ATCC 15834 displayed variation in primary and secondary metabolite contents. Analysis of the metabolic pathway identified a total of 56 pathways, among which 35 were found to be impacted. A heat map and hierarchical clustering analysis indicated that HR induced by different Agrobacterium strains exhibited differential metabolites profiles. In conclusion, Agrobacterium strains R1601 is one of the best and most promising strains for inducing mass HR production and enhanced levels of secondary metabolites in O. basilicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaraj Sathasivam
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Minsol Choi
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ramalingam Radhakrishnan
- Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, TN, India
| | - Haejin Kwon
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Yoon
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - So Hwi Yang
- Division of Life Sciences and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yong Suk Chung
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Yong Suk Chung, ; Sang Un Park,
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Yong Suk Chung, ; Sang Un Park,
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23
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Zhou W, Yang S, Zhang Q, Xiao R, Li B, Wang D, Niu J, Wang S, Wang Z. Functional Characterization of Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase Genes ( SNAT1/ 2) in Melatonin Biosynthesis of Hypericum perforatum. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:781717. [PMID: 34950170 PMCID: PMC8688956 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.781717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum is a traditional medicinal plant that contains various secondary metabolites. As an active component in H. perforatum, melatonin plays important role in plant antioxidation, growth, and photoperiod regulation. Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) is the key enzyme involved in the last or penultimate step of phytomelatonin biosynthesis. A total of 48 members of SNAT family were screened and analyzed based on the whole genome data of H. perforatum, and two SNAT genes (HpSNAT1 and HpSNAT2) were functionally verified to be involved in the biosynthesis of melatonin. It was found that HpSNAT1 and HpSNAT2 were highly expressed in the leaves and showed obvious responses to high salt and drought treatment. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that these two proteins were both localized in the chloroplasts by the Arabidopsis protoplasts transient transfection. Overexpression of HpSNAT1 and HpSNAT2 in Arabidopsis (SNAT) and H. perforatum (wild-type) resulted in melatonin content 1.9-2.2-fold and 2.5-4.2-fold higher than that in control groups, respectively. Meanwhile, SNAT-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants showed a stronger ability of root growth and scavenging endogenous reactive oxygen species. In this study, the complete transgenic plants of H. perforatum were obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation for the first time, which laid a significant foundation for further research on the function of key genes in H. perforatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ruyi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Donghao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhezhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
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24
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Gajurel G, Hasan R, Medina-Bolivar F. Antioxidant Assessment of Prenylated Stilbenoid-Rich Extracts from Elicited Hairy Root Cultures of Three Cultivars of Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226778. [PMID: 34833870 PMCID: PMC8621774 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut produces prenylated stilbenoids upon biotic stress. However, the role of these compounds against oxidative stress have not been thoroughly elucidated. To this end, the antioxidant capacity of extracts enriched in prenylated stilbenoids and derivatives was studied. To produce these extracts, hairy root cultures of peanut cultivars Hull, Tifrunner, and Georgia Green were co-treated with methyl jasmonate, cyclodextrin, hydrogen peroxide, and magnesium chloride and then the stilbenoids were extracted from the culture medium. Among the three cultivars, higher levels of the stilbenoid derivatives arachidin-1 and arachidin-6 were detected in cultivar Tifrunner. Upon reaction with 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl, extracts from cultivar Tifrunner showed the highest antioxidant capacity with an IC50 of 6.004 µg/mL. Furthermore, these extracts had significantly higher antioxidant capacity at 6.25 µg/mL and 3.125 µg/mL when compared to extracts from cultivars Hull and Georgia Green. The stilbenoid-rich extracts from peanut hairy roots show high antioxidant capacity and merit further study as potential nutraceuticals to promote human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Gajurel
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA; (G.G.); (R.H.)
- Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
| | - Rokib Hasan
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA; (G.G.); (R.H.)
- Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
| | - Fabricio Medina-Bolivar
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA; (G.G.); (R.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-8706804319
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25
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Yang J, Guo Z, Wang W, Cao X, Yang X. Genome-Wide Characterization of SPL Gene Family in Codonopsis pilosula Reveals the Functions of CpSPL2 and CpSPL10 in Promoting the Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites and Growth of C. pilosula Hairy Root. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101588. [PMID: 34680983 PMCID: PMC8535611 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) transcription factors play critical roles in regulating diverse aspects of plant growth and development, including vegetative phase change, plant architecture, anthocyanin accumulation, lateral root growth, etc. In the present study, 15 SPL genes were identified based on the genome data of Codonopsis pilosula, a well-known medicinal plant. Phylogenetic analysis clustered CpSPLs into eight groups (G1-G8) along with SPLs from Arabidopsis thaliana, Solanum lycopersicum, Oryza sativa and Physcomitrella patens. CpSPLs in the same group share similar gene structure and conserved motif composition. Cis-acting elements responding to light, stress and phytohormone widely exist in their promoter regions. Our qRT-PCR results indicated that 15 CpSPLs were differentially expressed in different tissues (root, stem, leaf, flower and calyx), different developmental periods (1, 2 and 3 months after germination) and various conditions (NaCl, MeJA and ABA treatment). Compared with the control, overexpression of CpSPL2 or CpSPL10 significantly promoted not only the growth of hairy roots, but also the accumulation of total saponins and lobetyolin. Our results established a foundation for further investigation of CpSPLs and provided novel insights into their biological functions. As far as we know, this is the first experimental research on gene function in C. pilosula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (J.Y.); (W.W.)
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zhonglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (J.Y.); (W.W.)
| | - Xiaoyan Cao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (J.Y.); (W.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaozeng Yang
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (X.Y.)
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26
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Bourigault Y, Rodrigues S, Crépin A, Chane A, Taupin L, Bouteiller M, Dupont C, Merieau A, Konto-Ghiorghi Y, Boukerb AM, Turner M, Hamon C, Dufour A, Barbey C, Latour X. Biocontrol of Biofilm Formation: Jamming of Sessile-Associated Rhizobial Communication by Rhodococcal Quorum-Quenching. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158241. [PMID: 34361010 PMCID: PMC8347015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are complex structures formed by a community of microbes adhering to a surface and/or to each other through the secretion of an adhesive and protective matrix. The establishment of these structures requires a coordination of action between microorganisms through powerful communication systems such as quorum-sensing. Therefore, auxiliary bacteria capable of interfering with these means of communication could be used to prevent biofilm formation and development. The phytopathogen Rhizobium rhizogenes, which causes hairy root disease and forms large biofilms in hydroponic crops, and the biocontrol agent Rhodococcus erythropolis R138 were used for this study. Changes in biofilm biovolume and structure, as well as interactions between rhizobia and rhodococci, were monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy with appropriate fluorescent biosensors. We obtained direct visual evidence of an exchange of signals between rhizobia and the jamming of this communication by Rhodococcus within the biofilm. Signaling molecules were characterized as long chain (C14) N-acyl-homoserine lactones. The role of the Qsd quorum-quenching pathway in biofilm alteration was confirmed with an R. erythropolis mutant unable to produce the QsdA lactonase, and by expression of the qsdA gene in a heterologous host, Escherichia coli. Finally, Rhizobium biofilm formation was similarly inhibited by a purified extract of QsdA enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvann Bourigault
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM EA 4312), University of Rouen Normandy, F-27000 Evreux, France; (Y.B.); (A.C.); (M.B.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (Y.K.-G.); (A.M.B.); (C.B.)
- Research Federations NORVEGE Fed4277 & NORSEVE, Normandy University, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Sophie Rodrigues
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, LBCM IUEM, EA 3884, Université de Bretagne-Sud, F-56100 Lorient, France; (S.R.); (L.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Alexandre Crépin
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, F-86073 Poitiers, France;
| | - Andrea Chane
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM EA 4312), University of Rouen Normandy, F-27000 Evreux, France; (Y.B.); (A.C.); (M.B.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (Y.K.-G.); (A.M.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Laure Taupin
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, LBCM IUEM, EA 3884, Université de Bretagne-Sud, F-56100 Lorient, France; (S.R.); (L.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Mathilde Bouteiller
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM EA 4312), University of Rouen Normandy, F-27000 Evreux, France; (Y.B.); (A.C.); (M.B.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (Y.K.-G.); (A.M.B.); (C.B.)
- Research Federations NORVEGE Fed4277 & NORSEVE, Normandy University, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Charly Dupont
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM EA 4312), University of Rouen Normandy, F-27000 Evreux, France; (Y.B.); (A.C.); (M.B.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (Y.K.-G.); (A.M.B.); (C.B.)
- Research Federations NORVEGE Fed4277 & NORSEVE, Normandy University, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Annabelle Merieau
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM EA 4312), University of Rouen Normandy, F-27000 Evreux, France; (Y.B.); (A.C.); (M.B.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (Y.K.-G.); (A.M.B.); (C.B.)
- Research Federations NORVEGE Fed4277 & NORSEVE, Normandy University, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Yoan Konto-Ghiorghi
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM EA 4312), University of Rouen Normandy, F-27000 Evreux, France; (Y.B.); (A.C.); (M.B.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (Y.K.-G.); (A.M.B.); (C.B.)
- Research Federations NORVEGE Fed4277 & NORSEVE, Normandy University, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Amine M. Boukerb
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM EA 4312), University of Rouen Normandy, F-27000 Evreux, France; (Y.B.); (A.C.); (M.B.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (Y.K.-G.); (A.M.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Marie Turner
- Vegenov, F-29250 Saint-Pol-de-Léon, France; (M.T.); (C.H.)
- Biocontrol Consortium, F-75007 Paris, France
| | - Céline Hamon
- Vegenov, F-29250 Saint-Pol-de-Léon, France; (M.T.); (C.H.)
| | - Alain Dufour
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, LBCM IUEM, EA 3884, Université de Bretagne-Sud, F-56100 Lorient, France; (S.R.); (L.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Corinne Barbey
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM EA 4312), University of Rouen Normandy, F-27000 Evreux, France; (Y.B.); (A.C.); (M.B.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (Y.K.-G.); (A.M.B.); (C.B.)
- Research Federations NORVEGE Fed4277 & NORSEVE, Normandy University, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Xavier Latour
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM EA 4312), University of Rouen Normandy, F-27000 Evreux, France; (Y.B.); (A.C.); (M.B.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (Y.K.-G.); (A.M.B.); (C.B.)
- Research Federations NORVEGE Fed4277 & NORSEVE, Normandy University, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Biocontrol Consortium, F-75007 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; +33-235-146-000
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27
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Li C, Wang M. Application of Hairy Root Culture for Bioactive Compounds Production in Medicinal Plants. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:592-608. [PMID: 32416672 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200516155146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are rich sources of natural bioactive compounds used to treat many diseases. With the development of the health industry, the market demands for Chinese medicine have been rapidly increasing in recent years. However, over-utilization of herbal plants would cause serious ecological problems. Therefore, an effective approach should be developed to produce the pharmaceutically important natural drugs. Hairy root culture induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes has been considered to be an effective tool to produce secondary metabolites that are originally biosynthesized in the roots or even in the aerial organs of mature plants. This review aims to summarize current progress on medicinal plant hairy root culture for bioactive compounds production. It presents the stimulating effects of various biotic and abiotic elicitors on the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Synergetic effects by combination of different elicitors or with other strategies are also included. Besides, the transgenic system has promising prospects to increase bioactive compounds content by introducing their biosynthetic or regulatory genes into medicinal plant hairy root. It offers great potential to further increase secondary metabolites yield by the integration of manipulating pathway genes with elicitors and other strategies. Then advances on two valuable pharmaceuticals production in the hairy root cultures are illustrated in detail. Finally, successful production of bioactive compounds by hairy root culture in bioreactors are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caili Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meizhen Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
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28
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Su L, Li S, Qiu H, Wang H, Wang C, He C, Xu M, Zhang Z. Full-Length Transcriptome Analyses of Genes Involved in Triterpenoid Saponin Biosynthesis of Psammosilene tunicoides Hairy Root Cultures With Exogenous Salicylic Acid. Front Genet 2021; 12:657060. [PMID: 33854529 PMCID: PMC8039526 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.657060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpenoid saponins constitute a diverse class of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants. Salicylic acid (SA) is an efficient elicitor for secondary metabolite production, but a transcriptome-wide regulatory network of SA-promoted triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis remains little understood. In the current study, we described the establishment of the hairy root culture system for Psammosilene tunicoides, a triterpenoid saponin-producing medicinal herb in China, using genetic transformation by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Compared to controls, we found that total saponin content was dramatically increased (up to 2.49-fold) by the addition of 5 mg/L SA in hairy roots for 1 day. A combination of single-molecule real-time (SMRT) and next-generation sequencing (Illumina RNA-seq) was generated to analyze the full-length transcriptome data for P. tunicoides, as well as the transcript profiles in treated (8 and 24 h) and non-treated (0 h) groups with 5 mg/L SA in hairy roots. A total of 430,117 circular consensus sequence (CCS) reads, 16,375 unigenes and 4,678 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were obtained. The average length of unigenes (2,776 bp) was much higher in full-length transcriptome than that derived from single RNA-seq (1,457 bp). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in the metabolic process. SA up-regulated the unigenes encoding SA-binding proteins and antioxidant enzymes in comparison with controls. Additionally, we identified 89 full-length transcripts encoding enzymes putatively involved in saponin biosynthesis. The candidate transcription factors (WRKY, NAC) and structural genes (AACT, DXS, SE, CYP72A) might be the key regulators in SA-elicited saponin accumulation. Their expression was further validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). These findings preliminarily elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of SA on triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis in the transcriptomic level, laying a foundation for SA-elicited saponin augmentation in P. tunicoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingye Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shufang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biology Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Hanhan Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biology Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingfeng Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongshen Zhang
- School of Biology Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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Zhou Z, Li Q, Xiao L, Wang Y, Feng J, Bu Q, Xiao Y, Hao K, Guo M, Chen W, Zhang L. Multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of Laccase Genes in Salvia miltiorrhiza Revealed Their Roles in Growth, Development, and Metabolism. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:647768. [PMID: 33815454 PMCID: PMC8014014 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.647768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Laccases are multicopper-containing glycoproteins related to monolignol oxidation and polymerization. These properties indicate that laccases may be involved in the formation of important medicinal phenolic acid compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza such as salvianolic acid B (SAB), which is used for cardiovascular disease treatment. To date, 29 laccases have been found in S. miltiorrhiza (SmLACs), and some of which (SmLAC7 and SmLAC20) have been reported to influence the synthesis of phenolic acids. Because of the functional redundancy of laccase genes, their roles in S. miltiorrhiza are poorly understood. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was used for targeting conserved domains to knockout multiple genes of laccase family in S. miltiorrhiza. The expressions of target laccase genes as well as the phenolic acid biosynthesis key genes decrease dramatically in editing lines. Additionally, the growth and development of hairy roots was significantly retarded in the gene-edited lines. The cross-sections examination of laccase mutant hairy roots showed that the root development was abnormal and the xylem cells in the edited lines became larger and looser than those in the wild type. Additionally, the accumulation of RA as well as SAB was decreased, and the lignin content was nearly undetectable. It suggested that SmLACs play key roles in development and lignin formation in the root of S. miltiorrhiza and they are necessary for phenolic acids biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Biomedical Innovation R&D Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxian Feng
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qitao Bu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meili Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Meili Guo,
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Wansheng Chen,
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Biomedical Innovation R&D Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
- Lei Zhang,
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Abstract
This article comments on: Barba-Espín G, Chen S-T, Agnolet S, Hegelund JN, Stanstrup J, Christensen JH, Müller R, Lütken H. 2020. Ethephon-induced changes in antioxidants and phenolic compounds in anthocyanin-producing black carrot hairy root cultures. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 7030–7045.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Pedreño
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Lorena Almagro
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Barba-Espín G, Chen ST, Agnolet S, Hegelund JN, Stanstrup J, Christensen JH, Müller R, Lütken H. Ethephon-induced changes in antioxidants and phenolic compounds in anthocyanin-producing black carrot hairy root cultures. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:7030-7045. [PMID: 32803264 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hairy root (HR) cultures are quickly evolving as a fundamental research tool and as a bio-based production system for secondary metabolites. In this study, an efficient protocol for establishment and elicitation of anthocyanin-producing HR cultures from black carrot was established. Taproot and hypocotyl explants of four carrot cultivars were transformed using wild-type Rhizobium rhizogenes. HR growth performance on plates was monitored to identify three fast-growing HR lines, two originating from root explants (lines NB-R and 43-R) and one from a hypocotyl explant (line 43-H). The HR biomass accumulated 25- to 30-fold in liquid media over a 4 week period. Nine anthocyanins and 24 hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were identified and monitored using UPLC-PDA-TOF during HR growth. Adding ethephon, an ethylene-releasing compound, to the HR culture substantially increased the anthocyanin content by up to 82% in line 43-R and hydroxycinnamic acid concentrations by >20% in line NB-R. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase increased in the HRs in response to ethephon, which could be related to the functionality and compartmentalization of anthocyanins. These findings present black carrot HR cultures as a platform for the in vitro production of anthocyanins and antioxidants, and provide new insight into the regulation of secondary metabolism in black carrot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Barba-Espín
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
- Department of Fruit Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Shih-Ti Chen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Sara Agnolet
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Josefine Nymark Hegelund
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Jan Stanstrup
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jan H Christensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Renate Müller
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Henrik Lütken
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
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32
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Qiang B, Miao J, Phillips N, Wei K, Gao Y. Recent Advances in the Tissue Culture of American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius). Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000366. [PMID: 32734631 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro tissue culture of medicinal plants is considered as a potential source for plant-derived bioactive secondary metabolites. The in vitro tissue culture of American ginseng has wide commercial applications in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, food, and cosmetic fields with regard to the production of bioactive compounds such as ginsenosides and polysaccharides. This review highlights the recent progress made on different types of tissue culture practices with American ginseng, including callus culture, somatic embryo culture, cell suspension culture, hairy root culture, and adventitious root culture. The tissue culture conditions for inducing ginseng callus, somatic embryos, cell suspension, hairy roots, and adventitious roots were analyzed. In addition, the optimized conditions for increasing the production of ginsenosides and polysaccharides were discussed. This review provides references for the use of modern biotechnology to improve the production of bioactive compounds from American ginseng, as well as references for the development and sustainable utilization of American ginseng resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baobao Qiang
- International Ginseng Institute, School of Agriculture, Middle Tennessee State University, Tennessee, 37132, USA.,Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Miao
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, P. R. China.,Guangxi University of Traditional Medicine, Nanning, 530001, P. R. China
| | - Nate Phillips
- International Ginseng Institute, School of Agriculture, Middle Tennessee State University, Tennessee, 37132, USA
| | - Kunhua Wei
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, P. R. China.,Guangxi University of Traditional Medicine, Nanning, 530001, P. R. China
| | - Ying Gao
- International Ginseng Institute, School of Agriculture, Middle Tennessee State University, Tennessee, 37132, USA
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Liang JW, Li T, Wang RS, Zhou L, Yang Q, Wang S, Guo LP. [Establishment of RNA interfered hairy root system of two CYP450 genes in Arnebia euchroma and its influence]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:3422-3431. [PMID: 32726058 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200506.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, based on the transcriptome database of suspension cells of Arnebia euchroma, we explored two candidate cytochrome P450 enzyme genes that might relate to the shikonin biosynthesis downstream pathway when CYP76B74 sequence was referenced. We constructed interference-type hairy roots of candidate genes and cultured them. We measured the fresh weight, dry weight, total naphthoquinone content, shikonin and its derivatives content and expression levels of key enzyme genes involved in shikonin biosynthesis pathway. The effects of candidate genes on the growth and shikonin production of A. euchroma hairy roots were discussed, and the possible regulatory mechanisms that candidate genes affected shikonin synthesis were discussed. Through local Blast and phylogenetic analysis, two candidate CYP450 genes(CYP76B75 and CYP76B100) with high homology to CYP76B74 in A. euchroma were screened, and corresponding interference hairy roots were constructed. Compared with the control(RNAi-control), the fresh weight of CYP76B75 interfered hairy root(RNAi-CYP76B75) and CYP76B100 interfered hairy root(RNAi-CYP76B100) were significantly reduced, while dry weight were not affected, so the dry rate increased significantly. Except for β-acetoxyisovalerylalkannin, which is high in three groups of hairy roots, the contents of shikonin, deoxyshikonin, acetylshikonin, β,β'-dimethacrylicalkannin, β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin,β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin, isobutyrylshikonin and total naphthoquinones showed a consistent pattern: RNAi-CYP76B75>RNAi-CYP76B100>RNAi-control. Among them, the synthesis of β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin was most significantly promoted by interfering with the expression of CYP76B75. The content of β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin in RNAi-CYP76B75 was 11.7 times that of RNAi-control. RESULTS:: of real-time qPCR analysis showed that compared to RNAi-control, the expression levels of AePGT gene in RNAi-CYP76B75 and RNAi-CYP76B100 were not changed significantly, and the expression levels of CYP76B74 and AeHMGR were up-regulated. In addition, the expression level of CYP76B100 in RNAi-CYP76B75 was down-regulated, whereas in RNAi-CYP76B100, the expression of CYP76B75 was significantly up-regulated. Therefore, this study confirmed that when the expression of CYP76B75 and CYP76B100 were interrupted, the growth of hairy roots were suppressed, but the synthesis of shikonin were promoted. They might increase the shikonin biosynthesis by up-regulating the expression of CYP76B74 in the hairy roots of A. euchroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Wen Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Agricultural Development Engineering Technology of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Agricultural Development Engineering Technology of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Rui-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Quan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Agricultural Development Engineering Technology of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Agricultural Development Engineering Technology of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
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Zhang RQ, Wu XY, Hu TY, Song YD, Gao W, Huang LQ. [Discussion on research idea of quality marker of Salvia miltiorrhiza based on biosynthetic pathway of tanshinone compounds]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:3098-3103. [PMID: 32726017 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200506.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Based on the theory of Q-marker, the hairy root of Salvia miltiorrhiza and S. miltiorrhiza in many provinces were studied. The relative expressions of SmCPS, SmKSL and CYP76AH1 genes in hairy roots were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and the contents of tanshinoneⅡ_A, cryptotanshinone, tanshinoneⅠ, 1,2-dihydrotanshinone, ferruginol and miltiradiene were detected by UPLC and GC-MS, respectively. Statistical analysis shows as fllows: in the hairy root of S. miltiorrhiza, the content of miltiradiene and ferruginol is positively correlated with the content of tanshinone compounds in the downstream, and the relative expression of important genes in the biosynthetic pathway of tanshinone can reflect the content of tanshinone compounds to a certain extent; in many provinces of S. miltiorrhiza, the content of ferruginol and tanshinone compounds can also be found that there is a positive correlation between the contents. Based on the biosynthetic pathway of tanshinone compounds, which is a special index component in S. miltiorrhiza, this study focused on the important relationship between the upstream gene, the middle intermediate compound and the downstream tanshinone compound content of the biosynthetic pathway, and explored the possible research ideas of improving the quality marker system of S. miltiorrhiza, and then provided the possible research ideas for understanding and studying the quality marker of traditional Chinese medicine from the biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qian Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tian-Yuan Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University Beijing 100069, China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ya-di Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University Beijing 100069, China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
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35
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Kwon DY, Kim YB, Kim JK, Park SU. Production of rosmarinic acid and correlated gene expression in hairy root cultures of green and purple basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.). Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:35-43. [PMID: 32687005 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1789990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is an active constituent of Ocimum basilicum. It has been shown that hairy root production (measured as dry weight) improves when green basil (O. basilicum "Cinnamon") is cultured under the light. In contrast, purple basil (O. basilicum "Purpurascens") shows greater hairy root production when cultured under dark conditions. The level of gene expression was highest in hairy roots of green basil under dark conditions for up to 1 week. Transcript levels were highest in hairy roots of purple basil under both dark and light conditions after 2 weeks of culturing. After 3 weeks of culture under light conditions, green basil had accumulated 1.9-fold higher RA content than that of purple basil, which in turn was fivefold higher than that of the natural roots (42.86 µg/mg). Tyrosine aminotransferase showed a higher transcript level when compared to the other phenylpropanoid pathway genes (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, and coenzyme-A ligase) in both dark and light conditions and in all-time regimens. RA accumulation was higher in the cultured hairy roots of green basil than those of purple basil under both light and dark conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Yeon Kwon
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeon Bok Kim
- Department of Medicinal and Industrial Crops, Korea National College of Agriculture & Fisheries, Kongjwipatjwi-Ro, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Desmet S, Dhooghe E, De Keyser E, Quataert P, Eeckhaut T, Van Huylenbroeck J, Geelen D. Segregation of rol Genes in Two Generations of Sinningia speciosa Engineered Through Wild Type Rhizobium rhizogenes. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:859. [PMID: 32676085 PMCID: PMC7333734 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Rhizobium rhizogenes infects and transforms a wide range of plant species. It thereby introduces new genes located on transfer-DNA of the root inducing plasmid (pRi) into the plant genome and one of its abilities is to alter the host root system. Explants from pRi transformed roots from Sinningia speciosa were regenerated to create naturally transgenic Ri lines. The presence of rol and aux genes in the Ri lines was linked with altered growth characteristics: shorter peduncles, wrinkled leaves, delayed flowering and enhanced root growth. The potential of Ri lines for breeding was evaluated through consecutive backcrossing with the original host genotype. The progeny of reciprocal crosses showed non-Mendelian inheritance suggesting partial transmission of the of the aux and rol genes. The typical Ri phenotype observed in the primary Ri line was partially inherited. These results revealed that the Ri phenotype is a complex trait influenced by the genetic background of the Ri line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siel Desmet
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Research, Melle, Belgium
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emmy Dhooghe
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Research, Melle, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Keyser
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Research, Melle, Belgium
| | - Paul Quataert
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Research, Melle, Belgium
| | - Tom Eeckhaut
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Research, Melle, Belgium
| | - Johan Van Huylenbroeck
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Research, Melle, Belgium
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Cao DM, Vu PTB, Hoang MTT, Bui AL, Quach PND. Developing a Sufficient Protocol for the Enhancement of α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity by Urena lobata L. Aeroponic Hairy Roots Using Exogenous Factors, a Precursor, and an Elicitor. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E548. [PMID: 32340249 PMCID: PMC7238967 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aeroponics is considered as a potential method for the culture of herbal plants due to the high growth rate, quantity and quality enhancement of secondary metabolites, and substantial environmental progress associated with this method. The aim of this study was to develop a sufficient protocol for successful Urena lobata hairy root induction by Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834, using a precursor and elicitor to enhance α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (GIA) of aeroponic hairy roots (AHRs) in greenhouse conditions. In this study, we found that the optimized procedure (10 min, Woody plant medium (WPM), 1/25 salt strength) had an outstanding effect with a reduction in the rooting time (RT), promotion of the rooting rate (RR), and increase in the fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) compared with the original procedure (30 min, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, 1/25 salt strength) after 30 days of culture. The highest DW, GIA, flavonoid (FLA) and phenolic (PHEL) contents were observed for individual addition of 10 mM phenylalanine (PA) or 50 mM chitosan (CS) in the late exponential phase (eighth week) with 15 days of elicitation compared to the control AHRs. However, individual treatment was less effective than the combination of the two. Positive correlations among the GIA, FLA and PHEL indicate that AHRs accumulated phenolic compounds, leading to an increase in the GIA by a synergistic effect. In conclusion, the culture of Urena lobata AHRs with PA and CS is an efficient procedure to produce GIA material in greenhouse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Minh Cao
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Biotransformation, University of Sciences, Ho Chi Minh City 7000, Vietnam; (D.M.C.); (P.T.B.V.); (M.T.T.H.); (A.L.B.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 7000, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Thi Bach Vu
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Biotransformation, University of Sciences, Ho Chi Minh City 7000, Vietnam; (D.M.C.); (P.T.B.V.); (M.T.T.H.); (A.L.B.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 7000, Vietnam
| | - Minh Thi Thanh Hoang
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Biotransformation, University of Sciences, Ho Chi Minh City 7000, Vietnam; (D.M.C.); (P.T.B.V.); (M.T.T.H.); (A.L.B.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 7000, Vietnam
| | - Anh Lan Bui
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Biotransformation, University of Sciences, Ho Chi Minh City 7000, Vietnam; (D.M.C.); (P.T.B.V.); (M.T.T.H.); (A.L.B.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 7000, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Ngo Diem Quach
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Biotransformation, University of Sciences, Ho Chi Minh City 7000, Vietnam; (D.M.C.); (P.T.B.V.); (M.T.T.H.); (A.L.B.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 7000, Vietnam
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Gantait S, Mitra M, Chen JT. Biotechnological Interventions for Ginsenosides Production. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040538. [PMID: 32252467 PMCID: PMC7226488 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides are secondary metabolites that belong to the triterpenoid or saponin group. These occupy a unique place in the pharmaceutical sector, associated with the manufacturing of medicines and dietary supplements. These valuable secondary metabolites are predominantly used for the treatment of nervous and cardiac ailments. The conventional approaches for ginsenoside extraction are time-consuming and not feasible, and thus it has paved the way for the development of various biotechnological approaches, which would ameliorate the production and extraction process. This review delineates the biotechnological tools, such as conventional tissue culture, cell suspension culture, protoplast culture, polyploidy, in vitro mutagenesis, hairy root culture, that have been largely implemented for the enhanced production of ginsenosides. The use of bioreactors to scale up ginsenoside yield is also presented. The main aim of this review is to address the unexplored aspects and limitations of these biotechnological tools, so that a platform for the utilization of novel approaches can be established to further increase the production of ginsenosides in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Gantait
- Crop Research Unit (Genetics and Plant Breeding), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India;
| | - Monisha Mitra
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India;
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Tatsumi K, Ichino T, Onishi N, Shimomura K, Yazaki K. Highly efficient method of Lithospermum erythrorhizon transformation using domestic Rhizobium rhizogenes strain A13. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2020; 37:39-46. [PMID: 32362747 PMCID: PMC7193830 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.19.1212a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lithospermum erythrorhizon, a medicinal plant growing in Asian countries, produces shikonin derivatives that are lipophilic secondary metabolites. These red naphthoquinone pigments are traditionally used as a natural drug and a dye in East Asia. In intact L. erythrorhizon plants, shikonin derivatives are produced in the root epidermal cells and secreted into extracellular spaces. The biosynthetic pathway for shikonin derivatives remains incompletely understood and the secretion mechanisms are largely unknown. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying shikonin biosynthesis and transport in L. erythrorhizon cells requires functional analysis of candidate genes using transgenic plants. To date, however, standard transformation methods have not yet been established. This study describes an efficient method for L. erythrorhizon transformation using hairy roots by Rhizobium rhizogenes strain A13, present domestically in Japan. Hairy roots of L. erythrorhizon were generated from explants of the axenic shoots that were infected with R. rhizogenes strain A13. Integration into the genome was assessed by PCR amplifying a transgene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) and by monitoring GFP expression. This method enhanced transformation efficiency 50-70%. Although methods for the systematic stable transformation of L. erythrorhizon plants have not yet been reported, the method described in this study resulted in highly efficient stable transformation using hairy roots. This method enables the functional analysis of L. erythrorhizon genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanade Tatsumi
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takuji Ichino
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Noboru Onishi
- Central Laboratories for Key Technologies, Kirin Holdings Company Limited, 1-13-5 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shimomura
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Yang Y, Hu Y, Yue Y, Pu Y, Yin X, Duan Y, Huang A, Yang Y, Yang Y. Expression profiles of glucosinolate biosynthetic genes in turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa) at different developmental stages and effect of transformed flavin-containing monooxygenase genes on hairy root glucosinolate content. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:1064-1071. [PMID: 31713870 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary metabolites, mainly existing in Brassica vegetables. Their breakdown products have health benefits and contribute to the distinctive taste of these vegetables. Because of their high value, there is a lot of interest in developing breeding strategies to increase the content of beneficial GSLs in Brassica species. GSLs are synthesized from certain amino acids and their biological roles depend largely on the structure of their side chains. Flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMOGS-OX ) genes are involved in the synthesis of these side chains. To better understand GSL biosynthesis, we sequenced the transcriptomes of turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa) tubers at four developmental stages (S1-S4) and determined their GSL content. RESULTS The total GSL content was high at the early stage (S1) of tuber development and increased up to S3, then decreased at S4. We detected 61 differentially expressed genes, including five FMOGS-OX genes, that were related for GSL biosynthesis among the four developmental stages. Most of these genes were highly expressed at stages S1 to S3, but their expression was much lower at S4. We estimated the effect of the five FMOGS-OX genes on GSL content by overexpressing them in turnip hairy roots and found that the amount of aliphatic GSLs increased significantly in the transgenic plants. CONCLUSION The transcriptome data and characterization of genes involved in GSL biosynthesis, particularly the FMOGS-OX genes, will be valuable for improving the yield of beneficial GSLs in turnip and other Brassica crops. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Yang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Plant Germplasm & Genom Ctr, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Plant Germplasm & Genom Ctr, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanling Yue
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yanan Pu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Plant Germplasm & Genom Ctr, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Plant Germplasm & Genom Ctr, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanwen Duan
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Plant Germplasm & Genom Ctr, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aixia Huang
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunqiang Yang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Plant Germplasm & Genom Ctr, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yongping Yang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Plant Germplasm & Genom Ctr, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Fang L, Yang T, Medina-Bolivar F. Production of Prenylated Stilbenoids in Hairy Root Cultures of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and its Wild Relatives A. ipaensis and A. duranensis via an Optimized Elicitation Procedure. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030509. [PMID: 31991643 PMCID: PMC7037846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenylated stilbenoids are phenolic compounds produced in a small number of plants such as peanut (Arachis hypogaea) to counteract biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition to their role in plant defense, they exhibit biological activities with potential application in human health. Whereas non-prenylated stilbenoids such as resveratrol are commercially available, the availability of prenylated stilbenoids is limited. To this end, hairy root cultures of peanut were developed as an elicitor-controlled bioproduction platform for prenylated stilbenoids. An orthogonal array design approach led to the elucidation of an optimized elicitation procedure consisting of co-treatment of the hairy root cultures with 18 g/L methyl-β-cyclodextrin, 125 µM methyl jasmonate, 3 mM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and medium supplementation with additional 1 mM magnesium chloride. After 168-h of elicitor treatment, the combined yield of the prenylated stilbenoids arachidin-1, arachidin-2, arachidin-3 and arachidin-5 reached approximately 750 mg/L (equivalent to 107 mg/g DW). Moreover, hairy root cultures from the wild Arachis species A. duranensis and A. ipaensis were developed and shown to produce prenylated stilbenoids upon elicitor treatment. These wild Arachis hairy root lines may provide a platform to elucidate the biosynthetic origin of prenylated stilbenoids in peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Fang
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA; (L.F.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tianhong Yang
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA; (L.F.); (T.Y.)
- Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| | - Fabricio Medina-Bolivar
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA; (L.F.); (T.Y.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-870-680-4319
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Gampe N, Szakács Z, Darcsi A, Boldizsár I, Szőke É, Kuzovkina I, Kursinszki L, Béni S. Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis of Ononis Hairy Root Cultures. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:622585. [PMID: 33584762 PMCID: PMC7874045 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.622585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hairy root cultures are genetically and biochemically stable, and they regularly possess the same or better biosynthetic capabilities for specialized (secondary) metabolite production compared to the intact plant. Ononis species are well-known herbal remedies in ethnopharmacology and rich sources of isoflavonoids. Besides isoflavones, less prevalent isoflavones and pterocarpans with valuable biological effects can be found in Ononis species as well. As these plants are only collected but not cultivated, biotechnological methods could play a role in the larger-scale extraction of Ononis isoflavonoids. Regarding this information, we aimed to establish Ononis spinosa and Ononis arvensis hairy root cultures (HRCs) and analyze the isoflavonoid profile of hairy root cultures qualitatively and quantitatively, in order to define their capacity to produce biologically valuable isoflavonoids. During the qualitative description, beside isoflavonoids, two new phenolic lactones, namely, bulatlactone 2″-O-β-D-glucoside and ononilactone, were isolated, and their structures were characterized for the first time. Altogether, 29 compounds were identified by the means of UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS. Based on UHPLC-UV-DAD measurements, the isoflavonoid spectrum of the Ononis HRCs differed markedly from wild-grown samples, as they produce a limited range of the scaffolds. The most abundant compounds in the HRCs were medicarpin glucoside and sativanone glucoside. The overall isoflavonoid production of the cultures was comparable to wild-grown O. arvensis and approximately twice as high as in wild-grown O. spinosa samples. As the overall content of wild-grown samples include more isoflavonoid derivatives, the HRCs contain structurally less divergent isoflavonoids but in higher quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Gampe
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szakács
- Spectroscopic Research Department, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Darcsi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Boldizsár
- Natural Bioactive Compounds Group, Institutional Excellence Program, Department of Plant Anatomy, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Inna Kuzovkina
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - László Kursinszki
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Béni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Szabolcs Béni, ;
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Zhang H, Cao Y, Zhang H, Xu Y, Zhou C, Liu W, Zhu R, Shang C, Li J, Shen Z, Guo S, Hu Z, Fu C, Sun D. Efficient Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Homozygous/Biallelic Medicago truncatula Mutants Using a Hairy Root System. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:294. [PMID: 32265954 PMCID: PMC7105802 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the process of acquiring mutants mediated by CRISPR/Cas9, plantlets are often regenerated from both mutated and non-mutated cells in a random manner, which increase the odds of chimeric mutated plant. In general, it's necessary to infect more explants or grow to next generation for the need of generating more biallelic or homozygous mutants. In present study, an efficient way of obtaining biallelic or homozygous mutated lines via fast-growing hairy root system without increasing numbers of infected explants or prolonging sexual propagation generation is reported. The fast growing lateral branches of hair roots are originated deep within the parental root from a small number of founder cells at the periphery, and therefore were employed as a library that classify different editing types in different lateral branches in which the homozygous or biallelic lines were screened. Here, MtPDS was employed in a proof-of-concept experiment to evaluate the efficiency of genome editing with our hairy root system. Homozygous/biallelic mutations were found only 1 of the 20 lines in the 1st generation hairy roots, and 8 lines randomly selected were cultured to obtain their branch roots, homozygous/biallelic mutations were found in 6 of the 8 lines in their branch roots. We also tested the method with MtCOMT gene and got the same result. All of the seedlings regenerated from the homozygous/biallelic hairy root mutation lines of MtPDS displayed albino phenotypes. The entire process from vector design to the recovery of plantlets with homozygous/biallelic mutations took approximately 4.5-6.5 months. The whole process could bring inspiration for efficiently generating homozygous/biallelic mutants through CRISPR/Cas9 system from the hairy root or root system of a chimeric mutated transformants, especially for the rare and endangered plants whose explants sources are very limited or the plants that lack of tissue culture and rapid propagation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Zhang
- Grass and Science Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingping Cao
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Qingdao Tianyun Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanen Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruifen Zhu
- Grass and Science Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chen Shang
- Grass and Science Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jikai Li
- Grass and Science Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhongbao Shen
- Grass and Science Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan Province and Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan Province and Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Chunxiang Fu,
| | - Dequan Sun
- Grass and Science Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Dequan Sun,
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Sarkar MAR, Watanabe S, Suzuki A, Hashimoto F, Anai T. Identification of novel MYB transcription factors involved in the isoflavone biosynthetic pathway by using the combination screening system with agroinfiltration and hairy root transformation. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2019; 36:241-251. [PMID: 31983878 PMCID: PMC6978502 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.19.1025a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soybean isoflavones are functionally important secondary metabolites that are mainly accumulated in seeds. Their biosynthetic processes are regulated coordinately at the transcriptional level; however, screening systems for key transcription factors (TFs) are limited. Here we developed a combination screening system comprising a simple agroinfiltration assay and a robust hairy root transformation assay. First, we screened for candidate MYB TFs that could activate the promoters of the chalcone synthase (CHS) gene GmCHS8 and the isoflavone synthase (IFS) genes GmIFS1 and GmIFS2 in the isoflavone biosynthetic pathway. In the agroinfiltration assay, we co-transformed a LjUbi (Lotus japonicus polyubiquitin gene) promoter-fused MYB gene with target promoter-fused GUS (β-glucuronidase) gene constructs, and identified three genes (GmMYB102, GmMYB280, and GmMYB502) as candidate regulators of isoflavone biosynthesis. We then evaluated the functional regulatory role of identified three MYB genes in isoflavone biosynthesis using hairy roots transformation assay in soybean for the accumulation of isoflavones. Three candidate MYB genes showed an increased accumulation of total isoflavones in hairy root transgenic lines. Accumulation of total isoflavones in the three MYB-overexpressing lines was approximately 2-to 4-folds more than that in the vector control, confirming their possible role to regulate isoflavone biosynthesis. However, the significant accumulation of authentic GmCHS8, GmIFS1, and GmIFS2 transcripts could not be observed except for the GmMYB502-overexpressing line. Therefore, the analysis of isoflavone accumulation in transgenic hairy root was effective for evaluation of transactivation activity of MYB TFs for isoflavone biosynthetic genes. Our results demonstrate a simple and robust system that can potentially identify the function of orphan TFs in diverse plant metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abdur Rauf Sarkar
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Akihiro Suzuki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Fumio Hashimoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Anai
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
- E-mail: Tel & Fax: +81-952-28-8725
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Nourozi E, Hosseini B, Maleki R, Abdollahi Mandoulakani B. Iron oxide nanoparticles: a novel elicitor to enhance anticancer flavonoid production and gene expression in Dracocephalum kotschyi hairy-root cultures. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:6418-6430. [PMID: 31294466 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. is a valuable source of rosmarinic acid (RA) and methoxylated hydroxyflavones (such as xanthomicrol and cirsimaritin) with antioxidative and antiplatelet effects and with antiproliferative potential against various cancer cells. The extensive application of nanotechnology in hairy root cultures is a new sustainable production platform for producing these active constituents. In the present study, hairy roots derived from 4-week-old leaves and Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain ATCC15834 were used to investigate the impact of various concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe NPs) in two elicitation time exposures (24 and 48 h) on growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content (TPC and TFC), and some polyphenols. Gene expression levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) and rosmarinic acid synthase (ras) were also analyzed. RESULTS Iron nanoparticles enhanced biomass accumulation in hairy roots. The treatment time and Fe NP dosage largely improved the activity of antioxidant enzymes, TPC and TFC. The highest RA (1194 μg g-1 FW) content (9.7-fold), compared to controls, was detected with 24 h of exposure to 75 mg L-1 Fe NP, which was consistent with the expression of pal and ras genes under the influence of elicitation. The xanthomicrol, cirsimaritin, and isokaempferide content was increased 11.87, 3.85, and 2.27-fold, respectively. CONCLUSION Stimulation of D. kotschyi hairy roots by Fe NPs led to a significant increase in the induction and production of important pharmaceutical compounds such as rosmarinic acid and xanthomicrol. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Nourozi
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bahman Hosseini
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ramin Maleki
- Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Urmia Branch, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Meng D, Yang Q, Dong B, Song Z, Niu L, Wang L, Cao H, Li H, Fu Y. Development of an efficient root transgenic system for pigeon pea and its application to other important economically plants. Plant Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1804-1813. [PMID: 30803117 PMCID: PMC6686128 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
For non-model plants, functional characterization of genes is still hampered by lack of efficient stable transformation procedures. Here, we report a simple, fast and efficient transformation technique with Agrobacterium rhizogenes for generating stable transgenic roots in living plants to facilitate functional studies in vivo. We showed that injection of A. rhizogenes into stems of various plant species lead to stable transgenic root generation, which can sustain plant growth after the original, non-transgenic roots were cut off. A transformation system was established for pigeon pea, a major woody food crop, after optimizing the selection of A. rhizogenes strains, bacterium concentration, injection position and seedling age. RT-PCR and fluorescence observation indicated a transgenic root induction efficiency of about 39% in pigeon pea. Furthermore, induction of hairy roots was achieved in nine out of twelve tested economically important plants at an efficiency of 15-39%. As proof of concept, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay was applied to test the interaction between CcCIPK14 and CcCBL1/2 in pigeon pea. Additionally, ectopic expression of the bZIP transcription factor MdHY5 from apple confirmed the utility of the transformation technique for engineering anthocyanin synthesis in roots. Taken together, we show that this method allows fast in vivo studies of gene function in a wide range of plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Meng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- The College of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qing Yang
- The College of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Biying Dong
- The College of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhihua Song
- The College of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lili Niu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant EcologyMinistry of EducationNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Litao Wang
- The College of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hongyan Cao
- The College of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hanghang Li
- The College of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yujie Fu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- The College of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant EcologyMinistry of EducationNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
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Bertóti R, Böszörményi A, Alberti Á, Béni S, M-Hamvas M, Szőke É, Vasas G, Gonda S. Variability of Bioactive Glucosinolates, Isothiocyanates and Enzyme Patterns in Horseradish Hairy Root Cultures Initiated from Different Organs. Molecules 2019; 24:E2828. [PMID: 31382520 PMCID: PMC6696319 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Horseradish hairy root cultures are suitable plant tissue organs to study the glucosinolate-myrosinase-isothiocyanate system and also to produce the biologically active isothiocyanates and horseradish peroxidase, widely used in molecular biology. Fifty hairy root clones were isolated after Agrobacterium rhizogenes infection of surface sterilized Armoracia rusticana petioles and leaf blades, from which 21 were viable after antibiotic treatment. Biomass properties (e.g. dry weight %, daily growth index), glucosinolate content (analyzed by liquid chromatography-electronspray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS)), isothiocyanate and nitrile content (analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)), myrosinase (on-gel detection) and horseradish peroxidase enzyme patterns (on-gel detection and spectrophotometry), and morphological features were examined with multi-variable statistical analysis. In addition to the several positive and negative correlations, the most outstanding phenomenon was many parameters of the hairy root clones showed dependence on the organ of origin. Among others, the daily growth index, sinigrin, glucobrassicin, 3-phenylpropionitrile, indole-3-acetonitrile and horseradish peroxidase values showed significantly higher levels in horseradish hairy root cultures initiated from leaf blades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Bertóti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Böszörményi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Alberti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Béni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta M-Hamvas
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasas
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Gonda
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary.
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48
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Cuong DM, Park CH, Bong SJ, Kim NS, Kim JK, Park SU. Enhancement of Glucosinolate Production in Watercress ( Nasturtium officinale) Hairy Roots by Overexpressing Cabbage Transcription Factors. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:4860-4867. [PMID: 30973222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are secondary metabolites that play important roles in plant defense and human health, as their production in plants is enhanced by overexpressing transcription factors. Here, four cabbage transcription factors (IQD1-1, IQD1-2, MYB29-1, and MYB29-2) affecting genes in both aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates biosynthetic pathways and increasing glucosinolates accumulation were overexpressed in watercress. Five IQD1-1, six IQD1-2, five MYB29-1, six MYB29-2, and one GUS hairy root lines were created. The expression of all genes involved in glucosinolates biosynthesis was higher in transgenic lines than in the GUS hairy root line, in agreement with total glucosinolates contents, determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. In transgenic IQD1-1 (1), IQD1-2 (4), MYB29-1 (2), and MYB29-2 (1) hairy root lines, total glucosinolates were 3.39-, 3.04-, 2.58-, and 4.69-fold higher than those in the GUS hairy root lines, respectively. These results suggest a central regulatory function for IQD1-1, IQD1-2, MYB29-1, and MYB29-2 transcription factors in glucosinolates biosynthesis in watercress hairy roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Manh Cuong
- Department of Crop Science , Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134 , Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science , Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134 , Korea
| | - Sun Ju Bong
- Department of Crop Science , Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134 , Korea
| | - Nam Su Kim
- Department of Crop Science , Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134 , Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center , Incheon National University , Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012 , Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science , Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134 , Korea
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49
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Cardon F, Pallisse R, Bardor M, Caron A, Vanier J, Ele Ekouna JP, Lerouge P, Boitel‐Conti M, Guillet M. Brassica rapa hairy root based expression system leads to the production of highly homogenous and reproducible profiles of recombinant human alpha-L-iduronidase. Plant Biotechnol J 2019; 17:505-516. [PMID: 30058762 PMCID: PMC6335068 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Brassica rapa hairy root based expression platform, a turnip hairy root based expression system, is able to produce human complex glycoproteins such as the alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA) with an activity similar to the one produced by Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. In this article, a particular attention has been paid to the N- and O-glycosylation that characterize the alpha-L-iduronidase produced using this hairy root based system. This analysis showed that the recombinant protein is characterized by highly homogeneous post translational profiles enabling a strong batch to batch reproducibility. Indeed, on each of the 6 N-glycosylation sites of the IDUA, a single N-glycan composed of a core Man3 GlcNAc2 carrying one beta(1,2)-xylose and one alpha(1,3)-fucose epitope (M3XFGN2) was identified, highlighting the high homogeneity of the production system. Hydroxylation of proline residues and arabinosylation were identified during O-glycosylation analysis, still with a remarkable reproducibility. This platform is thus positioned as an effective and consistent expression system for the production of human complex therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muriel Bardor
- Laboratoire Glyco‐MEV EA4358UNIROUENNormandie UniversitéRouenFrance
- Institut Universitaire de France (I.U.F.)Paris Cedex 05France
| | | | - Jessica Vanier
- Laboratoire Glyco‐MEV EA4358UNIROUENNormandie UniversitéRouenFrance
| | - Jean Pierre Ele Ekouna
- Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI)Université de Picardie Jules VerneAmiensFrance
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- Laboratoire Glyco‐MEV EA4358UNIROUENNormandie UniversitéRouenFrance
| | - Michèle Boitel‐Conti
- Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI)Université de Picardie Jules VerneAmiensFrance
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50
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Khezerluo M, Hosseini B, Amiri J. Sodium nitroprusside stimulated production of tropane alkaloids and antioxidant enzymes activity in hairy root culture of Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. Acta Biol Hung 2018; 69:437-448. [PMID: 30587015 DOI: 10.1556/018.69.2018.4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. is a herbaceous biennial belonging to the solanaceae family. Hyoscyamine and scopolamine as main tropane alkaloids accumulated in henbane are widely used in medicine to treat diseases such as parkinson's or to calm schizoid patients. Hairy roots media manipulation which uses elicitors to activate defense mechanisms is one of the main strategies for inducing secondary metabolism as well as increasing the production of valuable metabolites. Cotyledon-derived hairy root cultures were transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide donor), was used in various concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 μM) and exposure times (24 and 48 h). Treatment with SNP led to a significant reduction in fresh and dry weight of hairy roots, compared to control cultures. ANOVA results showed that elicitation of hairy root cultures with SNP at different concentrations and exposure times significantly affected the activity of as antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). The highest hyoscyamine and scopolamine production (about 1.2-fold and 1.5-fold increases over the control) was observed at 50 and 100 μM SNP at 48 and 24 hours of exposure time, respectively. This is the first report of SNP elicitation effects on the production of tropane alkaloids in hairy root cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madineh Khezerluo
- Department of Horticultural Science, Urmia University, Urmia 165, Iran
| | - Bahman Hosseini
- Department of Horticultural Science, Urmia University, Urmia 165, Iran
| | - Jafar Amiri
- Department of Horticultural Science, Urmia University, Urmia 165, Iran
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