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Gajurel G, Hasan R, Medina-Bolivar F. Antioxidant Assessment of Prenylated Stilbenoid-Rich Extracts from Elicited Hairy Root Cultures of Three Cultivars of Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226778. [PMID: 34833870 PMCID: PMC8621774 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut produces prenylated stilbenoids upon biotic stress. However, the role of these compounds against oxidative stress have not been thoroughly elucidated. To this end, the antioxidant capacity of extracts enriched in prenylated stilbenoids and derivatives was studied. To produce these extracts, hairy root cultures of peanut cultivars Hull, Tifrunner, and Georgia Green were co-treated with methyl jasmonate, cyclodextrin, hydrogen peroxide, and magnesium chloride and then the stilbenoids were extracted from the culture medium. Among the three cultivars, higher levels of the stilbenoid derivatives arachidin-1 and arachidin-6 were detected in cultivar Tifrunner. Upon reaction with 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl, extracts from cultivar Tifrunner showed the highest antioxidant capacity with an IC50 of 6.004 µg/mL. Furthermore, these extracts had significantly higher antioxidant capacity at 6.25 µg/mL and 3.125 µg/mL when compared to extracts from cultivars Hull and Georgia Green. The stilbenoid-rich extracts from peanut hairy roots show high antioxidant capacity and merit further study as potential nutraceuticals to promote human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Gajurel
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA; (G.G.); (R.H.)
- Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
| | - Rokib Hasan
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA; (G.G.); (R.H.)
- Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
| | - Fabricio Medina-Bolivar
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA; (G.G.); (R.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-8706804319
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Fang L, Yang T, Medina-Bolivar F. Production of Prenylated Stilbenoids in Hairy Root Cultures of Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea) and its Wild Relatives A. ipaensis and A. duranensis via an Optimized Elicitation Procedure. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030509. [PMID: 31991643 PMCID: PMC7037846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenylated stilbenoids are phenolic compounds produced in a small number of plants such as peanut (Arachis hypogaea) to counteract biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition to their role in plant defense, they exhibit biological activities with potential application in human health. Whereas non-prenylated stilbenoids such as resveratrol are commercially available, the availability of prenylated stilbenoids is limited. To this end, hairy root cultures of peanut were developed as an elicitor-controlled bioproduction platform for prenylated stilbenoids. An orthogonal array design approach led to the elucidation of an optimized elicitation procedure consisting of co-treatment of the hairy root cultures with 18 g/L methyl-β-cyclodextrin, 125 µM methyl jasmonate, 3 mM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and medium supplementation with additional 1 mM magnesium chloride. After 168-h of elicitor treatment, the combined yield of the prenylated stilbenoids arachidin-1, arachidin-2, arachidin-3 and arachidin-5 reached approximately 750 mg/L (equivalent to 107 mg/g DW). Moreover, hairy root cultures from the wild Arachis species A. duranensis and A. ipaensis were developed and shown to produce prenylated stilbenoids upon elicitor treatment. These wild Arachis hairy root lines may provide a platform to elucidate the biosynthetic origin of prenylated stilbenoids in peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Fang
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA; (L.F.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tianhong Yang
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA; (L.F.); (T.Y.)
- Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| | - Fabricio Medina-Bolivar
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA; (L.F.); (T.Y.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-870-680-4319
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Sobolev V, Walk T, Arias R, Massa A, Lamb M. Inhibition of Aflatoxin Formation in Aspergillus Species by Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea) Seed Stilbenoids in the Course of Peanut-Fungus Interaction. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:6212-6221. [PMID: 31099566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Common soil fungi, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, are opportunistic pathogens that invade preharvest peanut seeds. These fungi often produce carcinogenic aflatoxins that pose a threat to human and animal health through food chains and cause significant economic losses worldwide. Detection of aflatoxins and further processing of crops are mandated to ensure that contaminated agricultural products do not enter food channels. Under favorable conditions, the fungus-challenged peanut seeds produce phytoalexins, structurally related stilbenoids, capable of retarding fungal development. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential influence of peanut phytoalexins on fungal development and aflatoxin formation in the course of peanut-fungus interaction. The present research revealed that during such interaction, aflatoxin formation was completely suppressed in A. flavus and A. parasiticus strains tested, when low concentrations of spores were introduced to wounded preincubated peanuts. In most of the experiments, when fungal spore concentrations were 2 orders of magnitude higher, the spores germinated and produced aflatoxins. Of all experimental seeds that showed fungal growth, 57.7% were aflatoxin-free after 72 h of incubation. The research provided new knowledge on the aflatoxin/phytoalexin formation in the course of peanut-fungus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sobolev
- National Peanut Research Laboratory , Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , P.O. Box 509, Dawson , Georgia 39842 , United States
| | - Travis Walk
- National Peanut Research Laboratory , Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , P.O. Box 509, Dawson , Georgia 39842 , United States
| | - Renee Arias
- National Peanut Research Laboratory , Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , P.O. Box 509, Dawson , Georgia 39842 , United States
| | - Alicia Massa
- National Peanut Research Laboratory , Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , P.O. Box 509, Dawson , Georgia 39842 , United States
| | - Marshall Lamb
- National Peanut Research Laboratory , Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , P.O. Box 509, Dawson , Georgia 39842 , United States
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Yang T, Fang L, Sanders S, Jayanthi S, Rajan G, Podicheti R, Thallapuranam SK, Mockaitis K, Medina-Bolivar F. Stilbenoid prenyltransferases define key steps in the diversification of peanut phytoalexins. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:28-46. [PMID: 29158266 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Defense responses of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) to biotic and abiotic stresses include the synthesis of prenylated stilbenoids. Members of this compound class show several protective activities in human disease studies, and the list of potential therapeutic targets continues to expand. Despite their medical and biological importance, the biosynthetic pathways of prenylated stilbenoids remain to be elucidated, and the genes encoding stilbenoid-specific prenyltransferases have yet to be identified in any plant species. In this study, we combined targeted transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to discover prenyltransferase genes in elicitor-treated peanut hairy root cultures. Transcripts encoding five enzymes were identified, and two of these were functionally characterized in a transient expression system consisting of Agrobacterium-infiltrated leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana We observed that one of these prenyltransferases, AhR4DT-1, catalyzes a key reaction in the biosynthesis of prenylated stilbenoids, in which resveratrol is prenylated at its C-4 position to form arachidin-2, whereas another, AhR3'DT-1, added the prenyl group to C-3' of resveratrol. Each of these prenyltransferases was highly specific for stilbenoid substrates, and we confirmed their subcellular location in the plastid by fluorescence microscopy. Structural analysis of the prenylated stilbenoids suggested that these two prenyltransferase activities represent the first committed steps in the biosynthesis of a large number of prenylated stilbenoids and their derivatives in peanut. In summary, we have identified five candidate prenyltransferases in peanut and confirmed that two of them are stilbenoid-specific, advancing our understanding of this specialized enzyme family and shedding critical light onto the biosynthesis of bioactive stilbenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Yang
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72401; Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72401
| | - Lingling Fang
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72401
| | - Sheri Sanders
- Pervasive Technology Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - Srinivas Jayanthi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 47408
| | - Gayathri Rajan
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - Ram Podicheti
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | | | - Keithanne Mockaitis
- Pervasive Technology Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408; Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - Fabricio Medina-Bolivar
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72401; Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72401.
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