101
|
Purification and identification of novel alkaline pectinase PNs31 from Bacillus subtilis CBS31 and its immobilization for bioindustrial applications. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
102
|
Budtova T, Aguilera DA, Beluns S, Berglund L, Chartier C, Espinosa E, Gaidukovs S, Klimek-Kopyra A, Kmita A, Lachowicz D, Liebner F, Platnieks O, Rodríguez A, Tinoco Navarro LK, Zou F, Buwalda SJ. Biorefinery Approach for Aerogels. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2779. [PMID: 33255498 PMCID: PMC7760295 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the International Energy Agency, biorefinery is "the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable bio-based products (chemicals, materials) and bioenergy (fuels, power, heat)". In this review, we survey how the biorefinery approach can be applied to highly porous and nanostructured materials, namely aerogels. Historically, aerogels were first developed using inorganic matter. Subsequently, synthetic polymers were also employed. At the beginning of the 21st century, new aerogels were created based on biomass. Which sources of biomass can be used to make aerogels and how? This review answers these questions, paying special attention to bio-aerogels' environmental and biomedical applications. The article is a result of fruitful exchanges in the frame of the European project COST Action "CA 18125 AERoGELS: Advanced Engineering and Research of aeroGels for Environment and Life Sciences".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Budtova
- MINES ParisTech, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), PSL Research University, UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France; (D.A.A.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Daniel Antonio Aguilera
- MINES ParisTech, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), PSL Research University, UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France; (D.A.A.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Sergejs Beluns
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University, P.Valdena 3/7, LV, 1048 Riga, Latvia; (S.B.); (S.G.); (O.P.)
| | - Linn Berglund
- Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden;
| | - Coraline Chartier
- MINES ParisTech, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), PSL Research University, UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France; (D.A.A.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Eduardo Espinosa
- Bioagres Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (E.E.); (A.R.)
| | - Sergejs Gaidukovs
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University, P.Valdena 3/7, LV, 1048 Riga, Latvia; (S.B.); (S.G.); (O.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra
- Department of Agroecology and Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture, Aleja Mickieiwcza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Angelika Kmita
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (D.L.)
| | - Dorota Lachowicz
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (D.L.)
| | - Falk Liebner
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria;
| | - Oskars Platnieks
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University, P.Valdena 3/7, LV, 1048 Riga, Latvia; (S.B.); (S.G.); (O.P.)
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez
- Bioagres Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (E.E.); (A.R.)
| | - Lizeth Katherine Tinoco Navarro
- CEITEC-VUT Central European Institute of Technology—Brno university of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno-Královo Pole, Czech Republic;
| | - Fangxin Zou
- MINES ParisTech, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), PSL Research University, UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France; (D.A.A.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Sytze J. Buwalda
- MINES ParisTech, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), PSL Research University, UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France; (D.A.A.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Spirulina maxima Derived Pectin Nanoparticles Enhance the Immunomodulation, Stress Tolerance, and Wound Healing in Zebrafish. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110556. [PMID: 33171870 PMCID: PMC7695216 DOI: 10.3390/md18110556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Spirulina maxima derived pectin nanoparticles (SmPNPs) were synthesized and multiple biological effects were investigated using in vitro and in vivo models. SmPNPs were not toxic to Raw 264.7 cells and zebrafish embryos up to 1 mg/mL and 200 µg/mL, respectively. SmPNPs upregulated Il 10, Cat, Sod 2, Def 1, Def 2, and Muc 1 in Raw 264.7 cells and tlr2, tlr4b, tlr5b, il1β, tnfα, cxcl8a, cxcl18b, ccl34a.4, ccl34b.4, muc5.1, muc5.2, muc5.3, hamp, cstd, hsp70, cat, and sod1 in the larvae and adult zebrafish, suggesting immunomodulatory activity. Exposure of larvae to SmPNPs followed by challenge with pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila resulted a two-fold reduction of reactive oxygen species, indicating reduced oxidative stress compared to that in the control group. The cumulative percent survival of larvae exposed to SmPNPs (50 µg/mL) and adults fed diet supplemented with SmPNPs (4%) was 53.3% and 76.7%, respectively. Topical application of SmPNPs on adult zebrafish showed a higher wound healing percentage (48.9%) compared to that in the vehicle treated group (38.8%). Upregulated wound healing markers (tgfβ1, timp2b, mmp9, tnfα, il1β,ccl34a.4, and ccl34b.4), enhanced wound closure, and restored pigmentation indicated wound healing properties of SmPNPs. Overall, results uncover the multiple bioactivities of SmPNPs, which could be a promising biocompatible candidate for broad range of aquatic and human therapies.
Collapse
|
104
|
Presentato A, Piacenza E, Scurria A, Albanese L, Zabini F, Meneguzzo F, Nuzzo D, Pagliaro M, Martino DC, Alduina R, Ciriminna R. A New Water-Soluble Bactericidal Agent for the Treatment of Infections Caused by Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090586. [PMID: 32911640 PMCID: PMC7558503 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapefruit and lemon pectin obtained from the respective waste citrus peels via hydrodynamic cavitation in water only are powerful, broad-scope antimicrobials against Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. Dubbed IntegroPectin, these pectic polymers functionalized with citrus flavonoids and terpenes show superior antimicrobial activity when compared to commercial citrus pectin. Similar to commercial pectin, lemon IntegroPectin determined ca. 3-log reduction in Staphylococcus aureus cells, while an enhanced activity of commercial citrus pectin was detected in the case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells with a minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 15 mg mL−1. Although grapefruit and lemon IntegroPectin share equal MBC in the case of P. aeruginosa cells, grapefruit IntegroPectin shows boosted activity upon exposure of S. aureus cells with a 40 mg mL−1 biopolymer concentration affording complete killing of the bacterial cells. Insights into the mechanism of action of these biocompatible antimicrobials and their effect on bacterial cells, at the morphological level, were obtained indirectly through Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and directly through scanning electron microscopy. In the era of antimicrobial resistance, these results are of great societal and sanitary relevance since citrus IntegroPectin biomaterials are also devoid of cytotoxic activity, as already shown for lemon IntegroPectin, opening the route to the development of new medical treatments of polymicrobial infections unlikely to develop drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Presentato
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (E.P.); (D.C.M.)
| | - Elena Piacenza
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (E.P.); (D.C.M.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Antonino Scurria
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Albanese
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (L.A.); (F.Z.); (F.M.)
| | - Federica Zabini
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (L.A.); (F.Z.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesco Meneguzzo
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (L.A.); (F.Z.); (F.M.)
| | - Domenico Nuzzo
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Mario Pagliaro
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (R.A.)
| | - Delia Chillura Martino
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (E.P.); (D.C.M.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Rosa Alduina
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (E.P.); (D.C.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosaria Ciriminna
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (R.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Xiong Y, Xiong M, Li Y, Qian J, Li Y, Han X, Tan J, Luo Y, Wang Q, Qin C. Chitosan oligosaccharide combined with running benefited the immune status of rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106915. [PMID: 32890793 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) degraded by chitosan, is an easily accessible and biocompatible natural molecule, which can facilitate the immune system. Running is one of the most effective forms of exercise. Persistence in running can effectively improve the body's resistance against pathogens. However, whether the combination of COS and running could benefit immune status still remains to be elucidated. We used Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to explore the combinatory effect of COS and running. The organs and blood of the rats were collected after four weeks and the organ body mass index, biochemical and blood routine examination, cytokines, and T cells in the spleen and blood were detected and analyzed. In the group intragastric administration of COS only, the level of blood lactate dehydrogenase was increased, while the blood creatinine, red blood cells, lymphocytes, and serum TNF were decreased. Furthermore, COS combined with running promoted the development of spleen and lung, the level of lymphocytes, T cell and CD8+ T cell ratio in the blood, and serum TNF level. At the same time, the level of lactate dehydrogenase, serum IL-2, and T cell ratio in spleen were decreased. Therefore, our study indicated that COS combined with running could improve the immune status of rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youming Xiong
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomass Conversion and Utilization, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Meng Xiong
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Jin Qian
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Xu Han
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Jing Tan
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Yanli Luo
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Qiuxiang Wang
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Caiqin Qin
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomass Conversion and Utilization, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Satapathy S, Rout JR, Kerry RG, Thatoi H, Sahoo SL. Biochemical Prospects of Various Microbial Pectinase and Pectin: An Approachable Concept in Pharmaceutical Bioprocessing. Front Nutr 2020; 7:117. [PMID: 32850938 PMCID: PMC7424017 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Both pectin and pectinase are vitally imperative biomolecules in the biotechnological sector. These molecules are a feasible non-toxic contrivance of nature with extensive applicative perception. Understanding pectic substances and their structure, unique depolymerization, and biochemical properties such as a catalytic mechanism and the strong interrelationship among these molecules could immensely enhance their applicability in industries. For instance, gaining knowledge with respect to the versatile molecular heterogeneity of the compounds could be considered as the center of concern to resolve the industrial issues from multiple aspects. In the present review, an effort has been made to orchestrate the fundamental information related to structure, depolymerization characteristics, and classification of pectin as well as the types and biochemical properties of pectinase. Furthermore, various production methods related to the optimization of the product and its significant contribution to the pharmaceutical industry (either pectinase or derived pectic substances) are described in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Satapathy
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Rout George Kerry
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Santi Lata Sahoo
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Kumar P, Kumar V, Kumar R, Pruncu CI. Fabrication and Characterization of Ceftizoxime-Loaded Pectin Nanocarriers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1452. [PMID: 32722333 PMCID: PMC7466626 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ceftizoxime (C13H12N5NaO5S2)is a parenteral, third-generationcephalosporin antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections including ear, nose, and throat infections. In this work, pectin has been used as a nanocarrier for ceftizoxime due to its high biocompatibility and non-toxicity with tunable surface properties. Ceftizoxime-loaded pectin nanocarriers (CPN) were successfully synthesized by the solvent displacement method. Optimization of nanoformulation was done by response surface methodology using Design-Expert software. The optimized formulation examined various in-vitro characterizations such as particle size, morphology, and FTIR studies. TEM results revealed irregular shape nanoparticles within the range of 29-110 nm. The in-vitro drug release using the dialysis method was performed after 24h where nanoformulation showed sustained drug release. Drug-loaded nanoparticles revealed good antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Bacilluspolymyxa, Enterobacteraerogenes, andPseudomonasaeruginosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, India;
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India;
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India;
| | - Catalin Iulian Pruncu
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd., London SW7 2AZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Abstract
The objective of the present study is the valorization of natural resources and the recycling of vegetal wastes by converting them into novel plasmonic bio-active hybrids. Thus, a “green” approach was used to design pectin-coated bio-nanosilver. Silver nanoparticles were generated from two common garden herbs (Mentha piperita and Amaranthus retroflexus), and pectin was extracted from lemon peels. The samples were characterized by the following methods: Ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)–Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and zeta potential measurements. Microscopic investigations revealed the spherical shape and the nano-scale size of the prepared biohybrids. Their bioperformances were checked in terms of antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The developed plasmonic materials exhibited a strong ability to scavenge short-life (96.1% ÷ 98.7%) and long-life (39.1% ÷ 91%) free radicals. Microbiological analyses demonstrated an impressive antibacterial effectiveness of pectin-based hybrids against Escherichia coli. The results are promising, and the obtained biomaterials could be used in many bio-applications, especially as antioxidant and antimicrobial biocoatings.
Collapse
|
109
|
Zhang T, Shuai M, Ma P, Huang J, Sun C, Yao X, Chen Z, Min X, Yan S. Purification, chemical analysis and antioxidative activity of polysaccharides from pH-modified citrus pectin after dialyzation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
110
|
Review of Evidence Available on Hesperidin-Rich Products as Potential Tools against COVID-19 and Hydrodynamic Cavitation-Based Extraction as a Method of Increasing Their Production. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8050549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on recent computational and experimental studies, hesperidin, a bioactive flavonoid abundant in citrus peel, stands out for its high binding affinity to the main cellular receptors of SARS-CoV-2, outperforming drugs already recommended for clinical trials. Thus, it is very promising for prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19, along with other coexistent flavonoids such as naringin, which could help restraining the proinflammatory overreaction of the immune system. Controlled hydrodynamic cavitation processes showed the highest speed, effectiveness and efficiency in the integral and green aqueous extraction of flavonoids, essential oils and pectin from citrus peel waste. After freeze-drying, the extracted pectin showed high quality and excellent antioxidant and antibacterial activities, attributed to flavonoids and essential oils adsorbed and concentrated on its surface. This study reviews the recent evidence about hesperidin as a promising molecule, and proposes a feasible and affordable process based on hydrodynamic cavitation for the integral aqueous extraction of citrus peel waste resulting in hesperidin-rich products, either aqueous extracts or pectin tablets. The uptake of this process on a relevant scale is urged, in order to achieve large-scale production and distribution of hesperidin-rich products. Meanwhile, experimental and clinical studies could determine the effective doses either for therapeutic and preventive purposes.
Collapse
|
111
|
Khotimchenko M. Pectin polymers for colon-targeted antitumor drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:S0141-8130(20)33147-0. [PMID: 32387365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of malignant tumors is always associated with the severe side effects negatively affecting all organs and systems in human body. One of the approaches for reduction of the toxic influence and enhancement of the antitumor drug administration efficiency is supposed to be the use of the biopolymer delivery systems. Pectins are considered the most promising components for colon targeted drug dosage forms as they are stable in the changing gastrointestinal media and easily degraded by pectinases produced by colonic microflora. A various range of the pectin-containing delivery systems were developed contributing higher concentration of the active drug molecules in particular site inside intestine and their lower blood level resulting in lowered risk of the severe side effects. This review discusses the various forms of the pectin-based materials such as hydrogels, tablets and pellets, films, microspheres, microsponges, nanoparticles, etc. as drug delivery device and attempted to report the vast literature available on pectin biopolymers in drug delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Khotimchenko
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Ayax-10, Russki island, Vladivostok 690920, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Sanchez-Ballester NM, Bataille B, Benabbas R, Alonso B, Soulairol I. Development of alginate esters as novel multifunctional excipients for direct compression. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 240:116280. [PMID: 32475564 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Methyl ester derivatives of alginic acid have been evaluated as potential multifunctional excipients for pharmaceutical direct compression. The use of alginic acid as an excipient in tablet formulation is limited because of certain drawbacks such as low tablet hardness and poor compressibility. The objective of this work is to improve these properties through esterification of alginic acid, chemical modification commonly used for enhancing the functionality of tableting excipients. It has been observed that the degree of methylation (DM) has a profitable impact in the physico-chemical and mechanical properties of the obtained materials. In general, an increase in the degree of methylation yielded tablets with higher tensile strength and better compressibility. Furthermore, modified alginates exhibited extended disintegration times compared to native alginic acid due to the introduced hydrophobicity. Finally, the functional versatility of the modified alginates as disintegrating and filling/binding agents was tested by formulating them with microcrystalline cellulose and lactose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernard Bataille
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Rihab Benabbas
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Alonso
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Ian Soulairol
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, Nimes, France
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Chekunkov YV, Minzanova ST, Khabibullina AV, Arkhipova DM, Mironova LG, Nemtarev AV, Khamatgalimov AR, Gubaidullin AT, Milyukov VA. New complexes of pectic polysaccharides with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-2801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
114
|
Chauhan SS, Shetty AB, Hatami E, Chowdhury P, Yallapu MM. Pectin-Tannic Acid Nano-Complexes Promote the Delivery and Bioactivity of Drugs in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E285. [PMID: 32235765 PMCID: PMC7151099 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PanCa) is a lethal disease. Conventional chemotherapies for PanCa offer severe systemic toxicities. Thus, the development of a successful nanomedicine-based therapeutic regimen with augmented therapeutic efficacy is highly sought. Naturally occurring pectin and modified pectin-based drug delivery systems exhibit remarkable self-targeting ability via galactose residues to various cancer cells. Herein, we developed and used an innovative approach of highly stable nanocomplexes based on modified pectin and tannic acid (MPT-NCs). The nanocomplex formation was enabled by strong intermolecular interactions between pectin and tannic acid under very mild conditions. These nanocomplexes were characterized by particle size and morphology (DLS, TEM, and SEM), FT-IR spectroscopy, and zeta potential measurements. Additionally, MPT-NCs were capable of encapsulating anticancer drugs (5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, and irinotecan) through tannic acid binding. The in vitro bioactivity of these drug MPT-NCs were evaluated in pancreatic cancer adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines (HPAF-II and PANC-1). A dose-dependent internalization of nanocomplexes was evident from microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. Both proliferation and colony formation assays indicated the anticancer potential of pectin drug nanocomplexes against PDAC cells compared to that of free drug treatments. Together, the pectin-based nanocomplexes could be a reliable and efficient drug delivery strategy for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet S Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Advait B Shetty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Elham Hatami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Pallabita Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Efficacy of Jackfruit365™ Green Jackfruit Flour Fortified Diet on Pegfilgrastim to Prevent Chemotherapy-Induced Leukopenia, Irrespective of Tumor Type or Drugs Used-A Retrospective Study. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020218. [PMID: 32024271 PMCID: PMC7072368 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-Induced Leukopenia (CIL) is associated with increased mortality and economic burden on patients. This study was conducted to evaluate whether inclusion of green jackfruit flour in regular diet of those patients receiving chemotherapy, could prevent CIL. This was a retrospective study conducted among a group of patients undergoing chemotherapy for solid tumors at Renai Medicity Hospital, Palarivattom, Cochin, Kerala, India, since June 2018. The study group comprised of 50 consecutive subjects, who were supplemented with green jackfruit flour diet in their regular diet and further followed up prospectively. The control group was retrospective with 50 subjects prior to June 2018, with no diet supplements. Those who received less than three cycles were excluded from either arm. The mean age of the participants in study group and control group were 53.16 ± 11.06 and 56.96 ± 12.16 years respectively. In the study group, six patients out of 37, and 20 patients out of 50 in the control group, developed CIL. They received 38 and 105 vials of filgrastim respectively. After excluding those cycles in study group patients, where green jackfruit flour was not taken, the mean number of cycles in which CIL developed (p = 0.00) and number of vials of filgrastim taken per cycle (p = 0.00) were significantly different from control group and no patient in the study group developed CIL. Inclusion of green jackfruit flour as a dietary intervention prevents chemotherapy-induced leukopenia in patients undergoing chemotherapy along with pegfilgrastim.
Collapse
|
116
|
Karpova EA, Kukushkina TA, Shaldaeva TM, Pshenichkina YA. Biological active compounds and antioxidant activity of plants from the collection of Central Siberian Botanical Garden. II. Lamiaceae. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20202400033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The contents of the major groups of biologically active compounds (catechins, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, pectin, and carotenoids) and total antioxidants (TA) in the leaves and the flowers of Agastahe rugosa_(Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Kuntze, Betonica officinalis L., Dracocephalum nutans L., Mentha caucasica Gand., Nepeta grandiflora M. Bieb., Origanum vulgare L., Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae), collected during the flowering period of 2019 in “Collections of living plants indoors and outdoors” USU 440534 of Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, Novosibirsk, were studied. The concentrations of constituent majority were higher in leaves compared to flowers. In the leaves, maximums of catechins (15.60 mg-g-1, B. officinalis), flavonoids (61.5 mg-g-1, S. baicalensis), saponins (178.5 mg-g-1, D. nutans), and protopectin (106.0 mg g-1, B. officinalis) were revealed. In the flowers, maximums of tannins (247.4 mg g-1, O. vulgare) and pectin (16.31 mg g-1, S. baicalensis) were found. Maximum of total antioxidant contents (TAC) (6.21 mgg-1) was detected in the leaves of O. vulgare. Positive correlations between TAC and the content of tannins and flavonoids were revealed. The results confirm health benefits of the studied species and contribute to the knowledge of the distribution of saponins and pectins in the Lamiaceae.
Collapse
|
117
|
Elnour AAM, Mirghani MES, Kabbashi NA, Alam MZ, Musa KH. Active Fractions of Methanol Crude Obtained from Acacia seyal gum: Antioxidant Capacity, using FTIR Analysis. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2019. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v2i2.915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is on Acacia seyal gum (ASG), which is an exudate from Talha tree. It provides a rich source of polyphenolics compounds that are used traditionally in folk medicine. The study aims to determine the antioxidant capacity (AC) and functional groups of ASG and Prebio-T-commercial (PTC) samples. The methanol crude extracts of both ASG and PTC have fractioned into chloroform (CHF), hexane (HF), acetone (AF) and methanol (MF) using solvent-solvent portion. Both ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays for each fraction examined. Crude methanol extracts (CME) and its active compositions also analysed carefully using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique. The findings presented a wide variety of functional groups provided by the FTIR spectra (eights bands approximately. Regarding cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), the methanol crude extracts values are 888.6�4.57 mg TE/100g extract, for PTC as compared to 474.3� 2.23 mg TE/100g of extract for ASG. However, both methanol and acetone fractions revealed significantly (p = 0.05) high FRAP values ranged between 599.8�7.5 and 741.8�5.8 mg TE/100g fraction; for PTC and ASG, respectively. While CUPRAC showed insignificant (p = 0.05) same values 356.1�2.62 mg TE/100g of fraction; for MF of both PTC and ASG respectively. Therefore, in this study, methanolic fractions (MFs) are found to be more effective than acetone fractions (AFs), except for CHF and HF. Finally, the antioxidant activity of the active fraction has provided some evidence regarding its functional groups which may have used in traditional medicine.
Collapse
|
118
|
Martău GA, Mihai M, Vodnar DC. The Use of Chitosan, Alginate, and Pectin in the Biomedical and Food Sector-Biocompatibility, Bioadhesiveness, and Biodegradability. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1837. [PMID: 31717269 PMCID: PMC6918388 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, biopolymers as intelligent and active biopolymer systems in the food and pharmaceutical industry are of considerable interest in their use. With this association in view, biopolymers such as chitosan, alginate, pectin, cellulose, agarose, guar gum, agar, carrageenan, gelatin, dextran, xanthan, and other polymers have received significant attention in recent years due to their abundance and natural availability. Furthermore, their versatile properties such as non-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and flexibility offer significant functionalities with multifunctional applications. The purpose of this review is to summarize the most compatible biopolymers such as chitosan, alginate, and pectin, which are used for application in food, biotechnological processes, and biomedical applications. Therefore, chitosan, alginate, and pectin are biopolymers (used in the food industry as a stabilizing, thickening, capsular agent, and packaging) with great potential for future developments. Moreover, this review highlights their characteristics, with a particular focus on their potential for biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioadhesiveness, and their limitations on certain factors in the human gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe Adrian Martău
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3–5, 400372 Cluj–Napoca, Romania; (G.A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Mihaela Mihai
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3–5, 400372 Cluj–Napoca, Romania; (G.A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3–5, 400372 Cluj–Napoca, Romania; (G.A.M.); (M.M.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3–5, 400372 Cluj–Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Edirisinghe SL, Dananjaya SHS, Nikapitiya C, Liyanage TD, Lee KA, Oh C, Kang DH, De Zoysa M. Novel pectin isolated from Spirulina maxima enhances the disease resistance and immune responses in zebrafish against Edwardsiella piscicida and Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:558-565. [PMID: 31546036 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the enhanced disease resistance and positive immunomodulation of novel pectin isolated from Spirulina maxima (SmP) in zebrafish model. Zebrafish larvae exposed to SmP had significantly (p < 0.05) higher cumulative percent survival (CPS) at 25 (44.0%) and 50 μg/mL (67.0%) against Edwardsiella piscicida compared to the control. However, upon Aeromonas hydrophila challenge, SmP exposed larvae at 50 μg/mL had slightly higher CPS (33.3%) compared to control group (26.7%). SmP supplemented zebrafish exhibited the higher CPS against E. piscicida (93.3%) and A. hydrophila (60.0%) during the early stage of post-infection (<18 hpi). qRT-PCR results demonstrated that exposing (larvae) and feeding (adults) of SmP, drive the modulation of a wide array of immune response genes. In SmP exposed larvae, up-regulation of the antimicrobial enzyme (lyz: 3.5-fold), mucin (muc5.1: 2.84, muc5.2: 2.11 and muc5.3: 2.40-fold), pro-inflammatory cytokines (il1β: 1.79-fold) and anti-oxidants (cat: 2.87 and sod1: 1.82-fold) were identified. In SmP fed adult zebrafish (gut) showed >2-fold induced pro-inflammatory cytokine (il1β) and chemokines (cxcl18b, ccl34a.4 and ccl34b.4). Overall results confirmed the positive modulation of innate immune responses in larval stage and it could be the main reason for developing disease resistance against E. piscicida and A. hydrophila. Thus, non-toxic, natural and biodegradable SmP could be considered as the potential immunomodulatory agent for sustainable aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Edirisinghe
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - S H S Dananjaya
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamilani Nikapitiya
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - T D Liyanage
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ah Lee
- Jeju Marine Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63349, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhong Oh
- Jeju Marine Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63349, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kang
- Jeju Marine Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63349, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63349, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Rahman MS, Choi YS, Kim YK, Park C, Yoo JC. Production of Novel Polygalacturonase from Bacillus paralicheniformis CBS32 and Application to Depolymerization of Ramie Fiber. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091525. [PMID: 31546870 PMCID: PMC6780255 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygalacturonase (EC. 3.2.1.15) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes the alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds between galacturonic acid. In this study, an alkaline polygalacturonase producer Bacillus paralicheniformis CBS32 was isolated from kimchi (conventional Korean fermented food). The 16S rRNA sequence analysis of the isolated strain revealed that it was 99.92% identical to B. paralicheniformis KJ 16LBMN01000156. The polygalacturonase from B. paralicheniformis CBS32 was named PN32, and the purified PN32 showed a 16.8% yield and a 33-fold purity compared to the crude broth. The molecular mass, 110 kDa, was determined by SDS-PAGE, and the active band was confirmed by zymography analysis. The N-terminal amino acid sequence residues of PN32 were determined to be Gly–Val–Lys–Glu–Val–X–Gln–Thr–Phe. In the sequence comparison, PN32 was suggested as a novel polygalacturonase, since the sequence was not matched with the previous reports. In an application study, enzymatic depolymerization of ramie was performed for fiber degumming, and the result showed that the PN32 had a 28% higher depolymerization compared to the commercial pectinase. Overall, based on the results, PN32 has high potential for industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Saifur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Yoon Seok Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Young Kyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20, Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Korea.
| | - Jin Cheol Yoo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Cernencu AI, Lungu A, Stancu IC, Serafim A, Heggset E, Syverud K, Iovu H. Bioinspired 3D printable pectin-nanocellulose ink formulations. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 220:12-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
122
|
Kim H, Yoo HY, Park N, Kim H, Lee J, Baek Y, Lee T, Oh JM, Cho J, Park C. Enhanced l-Lysine into 1,5-Diaminopentane Conversion via Statistical Optimization of Whole-Cell Decarboxylation System. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1372. [PMID: 31434281 PMCID: PMC6723696 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The global lysine companies in the feed industry have steadily built their production facilities due to the high demand for l-lysine in animal farms, and in recent years there have been excessive supply problems and the world market price of l-lysine has fallen. In this study, the conversion of 1,5-diaminopentane (DAP) by decarboxylation of l-lysine was strategically chosen to enhance the value of lysine. The decarboxylation is enzymatically accessible, and Hafnia alvei, which is the producer of l-lysine decarboxylase, was applied as a whole-cell form. In the designed whole-cell biocatalytic system, the major four reaction factors were selected by fundamental investigation and then statistical optimization was performed to estimate the optimum condition. The predicted conversion was assessed at about 94.6% at the optimum conditions (125.1 mM l-lysine and 71.5 g/L acetone concentration at 35.2 °C for 8.4 h). Under the determined conditions, DAP conversions by using analytical, feed and industrial crude l-lysine were found to be 98.3%, 92.5% and 72.4%, respectively. These results could be suggested to solve the problem of excessive supplied lysine and also to provide guidance for improved enzymatic conversion by statistical optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Hah Young Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Nohseong Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Haeun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Jongwha Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Yesol Baek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Oh
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Jaehoon Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
- Green Materials and Process R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), ChonAn 31056, Korea
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Zhang Y, Pan X, Ran S, Wang K. Purification, structural elucidation and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro of polysaccharides from Smilax china L. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:233-243. [PMID: 31376447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Smilax china L. is a traditional Chinese medicine mainly used for the treatment of pelvic inflammation. Polysaccharide might be one of the anti-inflammatory components of Smilax china L. Based on this hypothesis, this work aimed at extraction, purification and structural elucidation of Smilax china L. polysaccharides and their preliminary anti-inflammatory effects were also studied. Two polysaccharides named SCLP1 (Smilax china L. polysaccharide 1, 42.1kDa) and SCLP3-2 (Smilax china L. polysaccharide 3-2, 16.8kDa) were for the first time purified from Smilax china L. The structures of SCLP1 and SCLP3-2 were elucidated by chemical and spectral analysis. The results revealed that SCLP1 was a neutral polysaccharide composed of glucose and mannose (54.5:1.0). Its backbone was 1,4‑linked α‑Glcp interspersed with 1,2‑linked α‑Glcp and Manp; the branches were 1,6‑linked α-Glcp and terminated with α‑Glcp. SCLP3-2 was composed of galacturonic acid, arabinose, galactose and rhamnose (23.3:2.1:1.7:1.0) and was a pectin-type polysaccharide with an α‑1,4‑linked homogalacturonan backbone which was partially methyl-esterified and slightly acetylated. The side chains consisted of α‑Rhap, β‑Galp and α‑Araf. SCLP1 and SCLP3-2 could inhibit the production of NO, IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells via NF-κB and MAPKs (ERK1/2, JNK) pathways, indicating that they possessed a potential anti-inflammatory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Xianglin Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Siqi Ran
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Hu M, Liu Y, Wang L, Wang J, Li L, Wu C. Purification, Characterization of Two Polysaccharides from Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine and Their Anti-Inflammatory Effects on Mucus Secretion of Airway Epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143553. [PMID: 31330806 PMCID: PMC6678706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Alumine (PRPCA) is an important traditional processed herbal medicine mainly used for treating phlegm in China for more than 2000 years. In our previous studies, extraction optimization, characterization, and bioactivities of total polysaccharides from PRPCA were investigated. In this study, further purification of these polysaccharides was performed. Two polysaccharides named neutral fraction of total polysaccharides-II (TPN-II) and acidic fraction of total polysaccharides-II (TPA-II) were obtained by gradient ion-exchange chromatography followed by gel-permeation chromatography. Results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis in the present study showed that TPN-II had a tight structure with a rough and uneven surface, while TPA-II had a relative homogeneous surface and a loose structure. Further studies indicated that TPN-II was a homosaccharide mainly composed by glucose with a molecular weight of 8.0 kDa. TPA-II was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose in a molar ratio of 2.1, 2.3, 1.7, 10.6, 2.6, 14.2, and 2.5, with a molecular weight of 1250 kDa. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results indicated that α and β form glycoside bonds existed in TPN-II and TPA-II, and TPN-II was composed of α-glucopyranose. In addition, both purified polysaccharides have significant anti-inflammatory effects on mucus secretion of human airway epithelial NCI-H292 cells without cytotoxicity. Compared with TPN-II, TPA-II exhibited more significant anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced airway inflammation by regulating levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and inhibiting mucus secretion. The results suggest that polysaccharides from PRPCA could be explored as therapeutic agents in treating inflammation and over secretion of mucus in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meibian Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jiaolong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Yuan Y, Zhang XY, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Zhou YF, Gao J. A Novel PL9 Pectate Lyase from Paenibacillus polymyxa KF-1: Cloning, Expression, and Its Application in Pectin Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3060. [PMID: 31234557 PMCID: PMC6627557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectate lyases play an important role in pectin degradation, and therefore are highly useful in the food and textile industries. Here, we report on the cloning of an alkaline pectate lyase gene (pppel9a) from Paenibacillus polymyxa KF-1. The full-length gene (1350 bp) encodes for a 449-residue protein that belongs to the polysaccharide lyase family 9 (PL9). Recombinant PpPel9a produced in Escherichia coli was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity in a single step using Ni2+-NTA affinity chromatography. The enzyme activity of PpPel9a (apparent molecular weight of 45.3 kDa) was found to be optimal at pH 10.0 and 40 °C, with substrate preference for homogalacturonan type (HG) pectins vis-à-vis rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) type pectins. Using HG-type pectins as substrate, PpPel9a showed greater activity with de-esterified HGs. In addition, PpPel9a was active against water-soluble pectins isolated from different plants. Using this lyase, we degraded citrus pectin, purified fractions using Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-sepharose column chromatography, and characterized the main fraction MCP-0.3. High-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the molecular mass of citrus pectin (~230.2 kDa) was reduced to ~24 kDa upon degradation. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS) and monosaccharide composition analyses demonstrated that PpPel9a worked as an endo-pectate lyase, which acted primarily on the HG domain of citrus pectin. In vitro testing showed that the degradation product MCP-0.3 significantly promotes the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. rhamnosus. In this regard, the enzyme has potential in the preparation of pharmacologically active pectin products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yi-Fa Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Juan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Bohn T. Carotenoids and Markers of Oxidative Stress in Human Observational Studies and Intervention Trials: Implications for Chronic Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E179. [PMID: 31213029 PMCID: PMC6616644 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids include C30, C40 and C50 terpenoid-based molecules, many of which constitute coloured pigments. However, >1100 of these are known to occur in nature and only about a dozen are known to play a role in our daily diet. Carotenoids have received much attention due to their proposed health benefits, including reducing the incidence of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Many of these diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation co-occurring with oxidative stress, characterized by, for example, enhanced plasma F2-isoprostane concentrations, malondialdehyde, and 8-hydroxyguanosine. Though carotenoids can act as direct antioxidants, quenching, for example, singlet oxygen and peroxide radicals, an important biological function appears to rest also in the activation of the body's own antioxidant defence system, related to superoxide-dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-peroxidase expression, likely due to the interaction with transcription factors, such as nuclear-factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2). Though mostly based on small-scale and observational studies which do not allow for drawing conclusions regarding causality, several supplementation trials with isolated carotenoids or food items suggest positive health effects. However, negative effects have also been reported, especially regarding beta-carotene for smokers. This review is aimed at summarizing the results from human observational studies/intervention trials targeting carotenoids in relation to chronic diseases characterized by oxidative stress and markers thereof.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Bohn
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg.
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Thakur S, Chaudhary J, Kumar V, Thakur VK. Progress in pectin based hydrogels for water purification: Trends and challenges. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 238:210-223. [PMID: 30851560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Pectin is one of the finest natural polymer which has drawn great attention because of its applications in different fields. Due to the quintessential structure of pectin, it can be transformed into variety of useful products. It can be utilized as a blend in many polymers to make a mixture or a composite material. Owing to considerable collection in chemical conformation and cross-linking mechanism, different pectin based hydrogels have been prepared for different characteristics in pharmaceutical and bio-medical sites. Inventive properties of hydrogels like volubility, swellability, solvability and hydrophilicity make them better alternative for wastewater treatment. Recently, pectin based hydrogels have demonstrated excellent performance to eliminate various metal ions and dyes from the polluted water. The adsorption characteristics of pectin based hydrogels can be upgraded by using nanoparticles, which prompts to the development of hydrogel nano-composites. In this review article, we have summarized a comprehensive assessment in the direction of using pectin based hydrogels to remove toxic pollutants from aqueous solution. Sodium acrylate-co-N-isopropylacrylamide based pectin hydrogel has demonstrated the maximum adsorption capacities of 265.49, 137.43, 54.86, 53.86, 51.72 and 50.01 mg g-1 for the adsorption of methyl violet, methylene blue, Pb(II), Cu(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) respectively. We have also discussed the pectin structure, properties and applications in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourbh Thakur
- Institute of Materials Science of Kaunas University of Technology, Barsausko 59, LT-51423, Kaunas, Lithuania; School of Chemistry, Shoolini University, Solan, 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Jyoti Chaudhary
- School of Chemistry, Shoolini University, Solan, 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Centre for Bioenergy and Resource Management (CBRM), School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Bedford, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Enhanced Composites and Structures Center, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK; Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India.
| |
Collapse
|