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Xie X, Lin H, Zhang X, Song P, He X, Zhong J, Shi J. Overexpression of GDP dissociation inhibitor 1 gene associates with the invasiveness and poor outcomes of colorectal cancer. Bioengineered 2021; 12:5595-5606. [PMID: 34515625 PMCID: PMC8806759 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1967031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) regulates the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of most Rab proteins by inhibiting GDP dissociation. This study evaluated the potential prognostic and predictive value of GDI1 in colorectal cancer (CRC). To address the prognostic power of GDI1, we performed individual and pooled survival analyses on six independent CRC microarray gene expression datasets. GDI1-enriched signatures were also analyzed. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional analyses were employed for survival analysis. An immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was performed to validate the clinical relevance and prognostic significance of the GDI1 protein level in CRC tissue samples. The results revealed that GDI1 mRNA level was significantly linked with the aggressiveness of CRC, which is compatible with gene set enrichment analysis. A meta-analysis and pooled analysis demonstrated that a higher mRNA GDI1 expression was dramatically correlated with a worse survival in a dose-dependent manner in CRC patients. Further IHC analysis validated that the protein expression of GDI1 in both cytoplasm and membrane also significantly impacted the outcome of CRC patients. In CRC patients with stage III, chemotherapy significantly reduced the relative risk of death in low-GDI1 subgroup (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.22; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.09-0.56, p = 0.0003), but not in high-GDI1 subgroup (HR = 0.63; 95% CI 0.35-1.14, p = 0.1137). Therefore, both high mRNA and protein levels of GDI1 were significantly related to poor outcomes in CRC patients. GD11 may serve as a prognostic biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huajiang Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Pengtao Song
- Department of Pathology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiangyi He
- Department of Pathology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiemin Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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102
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Bonde A, Smith DA, Kikano E, Yoest JM, Tirumani SH, Ramaiya NH. Overview of serum and tissue markers in colorectal cancer: a primer for radiologists. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:5521-5535. [PMID: 34415413 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Serum and tissue tumor markers provide crucial information in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of colorectal cancers. Tissue tumor markers are increasingly used for determination of targeted chemotherapy planning based on genotyping of tumor cells. Recently, plasma-based technique of liquid biopsy is being evaluated for providing tumor biomarkers in the management of colorectal cancer. Tumor markers are commonly used in conjunction with imaging during initial staging, treatment determination, response assessment, and determination of recurrence or metastatic disease. Knowledge of tumor markers and their association with radiological findings is thus crucial for radiologists. Additionally, various novel imaging techniques are being evaluated as potential noninvasive imaging biomarkers to predict tumor genotypes, features, and tumor response. We review and discuss the potential role of these newer imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Bonde
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Daniel A Smith
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Elias Kikano
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jennifer M Yoest
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sree H Tirumani
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Nikhil H Ramaiya
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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103
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Solanes-Casado S, Cebrián A, Rodríguez-Remírez M, Mahíllo I, García-García L, Río-Vilariño A, Baños N, de Cárcer G, Monfort-Vengut A, Castellano V, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, García-Foncillas J, Del Puerto-Nevado L. Overcoming PLK1 inhibitor resistance by targeting mevalonate pathway to impair AXL-TWIST axis in colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112347. [PMID: 34700228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
New therapeutic targets are revolutionizing colorectal cancer clinical management, opening new horizons in metastatic patients' outcome. Polo Like Kinase1 (PLK1) inhibitors have high potential as antitumoral agents, however, the emergence of drug resistance is a major challenge for their use in clinical practice. Overcoming this challenge represents a hot topic in current drug discovery research. BI2536-resistant colorectal cancer cell lines HT29R, RKOR, SW837R and HCT116R, were generated in vitro and validated by IG50 assays and xenografts models by the T/C ratio. Exons 1 and 2 of PLK1 gene were sequenced by Sanger method. AXL pathway, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Multidrug Resistance (MDR1) were studied by qPCR and western blot in resistant cells. Simvastatin as a re-sensitizer drug was tested in vitro and the drug combination strategies were validated in vitro and in vivo. PLK1 gene mutation R136G was found for RKOR. AXL pathway trough TWIST1 transcription factor was identified as one of the mechanisms involved in HT29R, SW837R and HCT116R lines, inducing EMT and upregulation of MDR1. Simvastatin was able to impair the mechanisms activated by adaptive resistance and its combination with BI2536 re-sensitized resistant cells in vitro and in vivo. Targeting the mevalonate pathway contributes to re-sensitizing BI2536-resistant cells in vitro and in vivo, raising as a new strategy for the clinical management of PLK1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Solanes-Casado
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS - Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arancha Cebrián
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS - Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Ignacio Mahíllo
- Department of Statistics, IIS - Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura García-García
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS - Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anxo Río-Vilariño
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS - Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Baños
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS - Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo de Cárcer
- Cell Cycle & Cancer Biomarkers Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBm) CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Monfort-Vengut
- Cell Cycle & Cancer Biomarkers Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBm) CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Castellano
- Department of Pathology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jesús Fernández-Aceñero
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS - Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Del Puerto-Nevado
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS - Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.
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104
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Zhao X, Cui D, Yan F, Yang L, Huang B. Circ_0007919 exerts an anti-tumor role in colorectal cancer through targeting miR-942-5p/TET1 axis. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 229:153704. [PMID: 34906917 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are key regulators in the development of many cancers. The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanism by which circ_0007919 affected colorectal cancer (CRC) progression.The differentially expressed circRNA was screened out by analyzing the expression profile of circRNAs of CRC tissues. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed for detecting the expressions of circ_0007919, miR-942-5p, and ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) mRNA in CRC tissues and cell lines. Cell growth and migration were assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and scratch assays. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay were conducted to predict and validate the targeted relationships between circ_0007919 and miR-942-5p, as well as between miR-942-5p and TET1 mRNA. Besides, Western blot was conducted for detecting TET1 protein expression in CRC cells. It was revealed that, in CRC tissues and cell lines, circ_0007919 and TET1 expressions were reduced whereas miR-942-5p expression was enhanced. It was also revealed that circ_0007919 overexpression markedly suppressed CRC cell growth and migration. In addition, circ_0007919 could competitively bind with miR-942-5p to increase the expression of miR-942-5p's target gene TET1. Collectively, circ_0007919 inhibits CRC cell growth and migration via regulating the miR-942-5p/TET1 axis. This study helps to better understand the molecular mechanism of CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Dejun Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Liuchan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China.
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105
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Yu J, He Z, He X, Luo Z, Lian L, Wu B, Lan P, Chen H. Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression and Prognosis for MMPs in Human Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:771099. [PMID: 34804973 PMCID: PMC8602079 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.771099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous study implicated that genes of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family play an important role in tumor invasion, neoangiogenesis, and metastasis. However, the diverse expression patterns and prognostic values of 24 MMPs in colorectal cancer are yet to be analyzed. Methods In this study, by integrating public database and our data, we first investigated the expression levels and protein levels of MMPs in patients with colorectal cancer. Then, by using TCGA and GEO datasets, we evaluated the association of MMPs with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Finally, by using the cBioPortal online tool, we analyzed the alterations of MMPs and did the network and pathway analyses for MMPs and their nearby genes. Results We found that, MMP1, MMP3, MMP7, MMP9–MMP12, and MMP14 were consistently upregulated in public dataset and our samples. Whereas, MMP28 was consistently downregulated in public dataset and our samples. In the clinicopathological analyses, upregulated MMP11, MMP14, MMP16, MMP17, MMP19, and MMP23B were significantly associated with a higher tumor stage. In the survival analyses, upregulated MMP11, MMP14, MMP17, and MMP19 were significantly associated with a shorter progression-free survival (PFS) time and a shorter relapse-free (RFS) time. Discussion This study implied that MMP11, MMP14, MMP17, and MMP19 are potential targets of precision therapy for patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanhao Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Lian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baixing Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Ribose Nucleic Acid (RNA) Medicine, Ribose Nucleic Acid (RNA) Biomedical Institute, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,School of Public Health, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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106
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Gutierrez A, Demond H, Brebi P, Ili CG. Novel Methylation Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer Prognosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1722. [PMID: 34827720 PMCID: PMC8615818 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) comprises the third most common cancer worldwide and the second regarding number of deaths. In order to make a correct and early diagnosis to predict metastasis formation, biomarkers are an important tool. Although there are multiple signaling pathways associated with cancer progression, the most recognized are the MAPK pathway, p53 pathway, and TGF-β pathway. These pathways regulate many important functions in the cell, such as cell cycle regulation, proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis formation, among others. Changes in expression in genes belonging to these pathways are drivers of carcinogenesis. Often these expression changes are caused by mutations; however, epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, are increasingly acknowledged to play a role in the deregulation of oncogenic genes. This makes DNA methylation changes an interesting biomarkers in cancer. Among the newly identified biomarkers for CRC metastasis INHBB, SMOC2, BDNF, and TBRG4 are included, all of which are highly deregulated by methylation and closely associated with metastasis. The identification of such biomarkers in metastasis of CRC may allow a better treatment and early identification of cancer formation in order to perform better diagnostics and improve the life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priscilla Brebi
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Laboratory of Integrative Biology (LIBi), Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional (CEMT), Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile; (A.G.); (H.D.)
| | - Carmen Gloria Ili
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Laboratory of Integrative Biology (LIBi), Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional (CEMT), Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile; (A.G.); (H.D.)
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107
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Dang Y, Zhang S, Wang Y, Zhao G, Chen C, Jiang W. State-of-the-Art: Exosomes in Colorectal Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 22:2-17. [PMID: 34758717 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666211110094442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high prevalence and mortality rate, globally. To date, the progression mechanisms of CRC are still elusive. Exosomes (~100 nm in diameter) correspond to a subset of extracellular vesicles formed by an array of cancerous cells and stromal cells. These particular nanovesicles carry and transmit bioactive molecules, like proteins, lipids, and genetic materials, which mediate the crosstalk between cancer cells and the microenvironment. Accumulating evidence has shown the decisive functions of exosomes in the development, metastasis, and therapy resistance of CRC. Furthermore, some recent studies have also revealed the abilities of exosomes to function as either biomarkers or therapeutic targets for CRC. This review focuses on the specific mechanisms of exosomes in regulating CRC progression, and summarizes the potential clinical applications of exosomes in the diagnosis and therapy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing. China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing. China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing. China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing. China
| | - Chuyan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing. China
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108
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Scope of Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215494. [PMID: 34771658 PMCID: PMC8582733 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastrointestinal cancers cause over 2.8 million deaths annually worldwide. Currently, the diagnosis of various gastrointestinal cancer mainly relies on manual interpretation of radiographic images by radiologists and various endoscopic images by endoscopists. Artificial intelligence (AI) may be useful in screening, diagnosing, and treating various cancers by accurately analyzing diagnostic clinical images, identifying therapeutic targets, and processing large datasets. The use of AI in endoscopic procedures is a significant breakthrough in modern medicine. Although the diagnostic accuracy of AI systems has markedly increased, it still needs collaboration with physicians. In the near future, AI-assisted systems will become a vital tool for the management of these cancer patients. Abstract Gastrointestinal cancers are among the leading causes of death worldwide, with over 2.8 million deaths annually. Over the last few decades, advancements in artificial intelligence technologies have led to their application in medicine. The use of artificial intelligence in endoscopic procedures is a significant breakthrough in modern medicine. Currently, the diagnosis of various gastrointestinal cancer relies on the manual interpretation of radiographic images by radiologists and various endoscopic images by endoscopists. This can lead to diagnostic variabilities as it requires concentration and clinical experience in the field. Artificial intelligence using machine or deep learning algorithms can provide automatic and accurate image analysis and thus assist in diagnosis. In the field of gastroenterology, the application of artificial intelligence can be vast from diagnosis, predicting tumor histology, polyp characterization, metastatic potential, prognosis, and treatment response. It can also provide accurate prediction models to determine the need for intervention with computer-aided diagnosis. The number of research studies on artificial intelligence in gastrointestinal cancer has been increasing rapidly over the last decade due to immense interest in the field. This review aims to review the impact, limitations, and future potentials of artificial intelligence in screening, diagnosis, tumor staging, treatment modalities, and prediction models for the prognosis of various gastrointestinal cancers.
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109
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He XS, Zou SY, Yao JL, Yu W, Deng ZY, Wang JR, Gan WJ, Wan S, Yang XQ, Wu H. Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Complement Component 3 as a Potential Predictive Biomarker for Chemotherapy Resistance in Colorectal Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:763652. [PMID: 34722636 PMCID: PMC8554154 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.763652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: 5-fluorouracil- and oxaliplatin-based FOLFOX regimens are mainstay chemotherapeutics for colorectal cancer (CRC) but drug resistance represents a major therapeutic challenge. To improve patient survival, there is a need to identify resistance genes to better understand the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance. Methods: Transcriptomic datasets were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and combined with our own microarray data. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to dissect the functional networks and hub genes associated with FOLFOX resistance and cancer recurrence. We then conducted analysis of prognosis, profiling of tumor infiltrating immune cells, and pathway overrepresentation analysis to comprehensively elucidate the biological impact of the identified hub gene in CRC. Results: WGCNA analysis identified the complement component 3 (C3) gene as the only hub gene associated with both FOLFOX chemotherapy resistance and CRC recurrence after FOLFOX chemotherapy. Subsequent survival analysis confirmed that high C3 expression confers poor progression-free survival, disease-free survival, and recurrence-free survival. Further correlational analysis revealed significant negative association of C3 expression with sensitivity to oxaliplatin, but not 5-fluorouracil. Moreover, in silico analysis of tumor immune cell infiltration suggested the change of C3 expression could affect tumor microenvironment. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed a hyperactivation of pathways contributing to invasion, metastasis, lymph node spread, and oxaliplatin resistance in CRC samples with C3 overexpression. Conclusion: Our results suggest that high C3 expression is a debilitating factor for FOLFOX chemotherapy, especially for oxaliplatin sensitivity, and C3 may represent a novel biomarker for treatment decision of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shun He
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University and The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Yi Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Lu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wangjianfei Yu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Deng
- Department of Pathology, The First People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, China
| | - Jing-Ru Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University and The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Juan Gan
- Department of Pathology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shan Wan
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University and The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University and The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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110
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Mihanfar A, Yousefi B, Ghazizadeh Darband S, Sadighparvar S, Kaviani M, Majidinia M. Melatonin increases 5-flurouracil-mediated apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells through enhancing oxidative stress and downregulating survivin and XIAP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 11:253-261. [PMID: 34631487 PMCID: PMC8494259 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2021.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal human malignancies with a global alarming rate of incidence. The development of resistance against common chemotherapeutics such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) remains a big burden for CRC therapy. Therefore, we investigated the effects of melatonin on the increasing 5-FU- mediated apoptosis and its underlying mechanism in SW-480 CRC cell line.
Methods: The effects of melatonin and 5- FU, alone or in combination, on cell proliferation were evaluated using an MTT assay. Further, Annexin-V Flow cytometry was used for determining the effects of melatonin and 5-FU on the apoptosis of SW-480 cell lines. The expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, pro-caspase-3/activated caspase 3, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (XIAP), and survivin were measured after 48 hours incubation with drugs. Cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were also evaluated.
Results: Melatonin and 5-FU significantly decreased the cell proliferation of SW-480 cells. Combination of 5-FU with melatonin significantly decreased the IC50 value of 5-FU from 100 μM to 50 μM. Moreover, combination therapy increased intracellular levels of ROS and suppressed antioxidant enzymatic activities (P < 0.05). Treatment with either melatonin or 5-FU resulted in the induction of apoptosis in comparison to control (P > 0.05). XIAP and survivin expression levels potently decreased after combination treatment with melatonin and 5-FU (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: We demonstrated that melatonin exerts a reversing effect on the resistance to apoptosis by targeting oxidative stress, XIAP and survivin in CRC cells. Therefore, more studies need for better understanding of underlying mechanisms for beneficial effects of combination of melatonin and 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainaz Mihanfar
- Student Research Community, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Shirin Sadighparvar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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111
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Xia RM, Liu T, Li WG, Xu XQ. RNA-binding protein RBM24 represses colorectal tumourigenesis by stabilising PTEN mRNA. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e383. [PMID: 34709758 PMCID: PMC8506628 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA-binding motif protein 24 (RBM24) functions as a splicing regulator, which is critical for organ development and is dysregulated in human cancers. Here, we aim to uncover the biological function of RBM24 in colorectal tumourigenesis. METHODS Xenograft tumour model, Rbm24 knockout and Apcmin/+ mouse models were utilised. Colorectal cancer cells overexpressing or silencing RBM24 were established. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay was conducted to detect protein-RNA associations. Gene expression was measured by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, or quantitative PCR (qPCR). RESULTS Rbm24-knockout mice developed spontaneous colorectal adenomas with lower expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Immunohistochemical staining for the proliferation markers Ki-67 and pHH3 and BrdU assay showed intestinal hyperplasia in Rbm24-knockout mice compared to wild-type mice. RBM24 expression in colorectal adenoma tissues of Apcmin/+ mouse was downregulated compared with adjacent normal samples and was positively correlated with PTEN expression. In vitro, RBM24 overexpression suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion and increased sensitivity to 5-FU or cisplatin in CRC cells. Mechanistically, RBM24 maintained PTEN mRNA stability by directly binding to the GT-rich region at positions 8101-8251 in the 3'-UTR of PTEN mRNA, prolonging the half-life of PTEN mRNA, thereby increasing PTEN expression. Hence, low expression of RBM24 downregulated PTEN mRNA, causing the activation of PI3K-Akt signalling in CRC cells. Furthermore, RBM24 expression in CRC tissues was lower than adjacent normal samples. RBM24 expression was positively correlated with PTEN expression and negatively correlated with Ki-67 level. CRC patients with high RBM24 expression had a favourable outcome. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, RBM24 expression is markedly lower in colorectal tumours than in para-carcinoma tissues. Rbm24-knockout mice develop spontaneous colorectal adenomas. RBM24 directly binds and stabilises PTEN mRNA, which could cause the suppression of CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, thereby repressing colorectal tumourigenesis. These findings support the tumour-suppressive role of RBM24. Targeting RBM24 holds strong promise for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Mu Xia
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianPeople's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgerySchool of MedicineXiang'an Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wen Gang Li
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgerySchool of MedicineXiang'an Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Qin Xu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianPeople's Republic of China
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Guo S, Zhu KX, Yu WH, Wang T, Li S, Wang YX, Zhang CC, Guo JQ. SH3PXD2A-AS1/miR-330-5p/UBA2 ceRNA network mediates the progression of colorectal cancer through regulating the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1969-1980. [PMID: 33073888 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs have important roles in the occurrence and progression of various cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of lncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) is not well illustrated. Thus, we used bioinformatics methods to find potential lncRNAs associated with CRC progression, and chose SH3PXD2A-AS1 as a candidate for further analysis. The roles of SH3PXD2A-AS1 in CRC cells were determined by CCK-8, transwell invasion, wound healing and flow cytometry assays. Besides, we established the CRC tumor models in nude mice to study the effect of SH3PXD2A-AS1 on the tumor growth. Based on the ceRNA hypothesis, we used miRDB and miRTarBase websites to identify the SH3PXD2A-AS1-related ceRNA regulatory network, and measured the roles of this network in CRC cells. The results revealed that the expression profiles of SH3PXD2A-AS1 from GEO and TCGA databases showed an aberrant high level in CRC tissues compared with colorectal normal tissues. SH3PXD2A-AS1 over-expression was also found in CRC cells. SH3PXD2A-AS1 knockdown inhibited the CRC cellular proliferation, invasion and migration but induced apoptosis. Besides, SH3PXD2A-AS1 knockdown also suppressed the growth of CRC tumors. Furthermore, SH3PXD2A-AS1 could function as a ceRNA of miR-330-5p. Additionally, UBA2 was proved to be a target gene of miR-330-5p. Moreover, SH3PXD2A-AS1 knockdown downregulated UBA2 expression through sponging miR-330-5p to inactivate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the cell growth and promoting apoptosis. Therefore, the SH3PXD2A-AS1/miR-330-5p/UBA2 network could regulate the progression of CRC through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These findings offer new sights for understanding the pathogenesis of CRC and provide potential biomarkers for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Kong-Xi Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wei-Hua Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Teng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yun-Xia Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chen-Chen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jian-Qiang Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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113
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Zhou Q, Ju LL, Ji X, Cao YL, Shao JG, Chen L. Plasma circRNAs as Biomarkers in Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:7325-7337. [PMID: 34584458 PMCID: PMC8464305 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s330228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of cancer are increasing each year. At present, the sensitivity and specificity of the blood biomarkers that were used in clinical practice are low, which make the detection rate of cancer decrease. With advances in bioinformatics and technology, some non-coding RNA as biomarkers can be easily detected through some traditional and new technologies. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs, that is, they do not encode proteins, and have important regulatory functions. CircRNAs can remain stable in bodily fluids, such as in saliva, blood, urine, and especially plasma. The difference in the expression of plasma circRNAs between cancer patients and normal people may suggest that plasma circRNAs may play an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer. In this review, we summarized the clinical effect of plasma circRNAs in several high-incidence cancers. CircRNAs may be effective biomarkers for tumour diagnosis, treatment selection and prognosis evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Ling Ju
- Nantong Institute of Liver Disease, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Li Cao
- Nantong Institute of Liver Disease, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Shao
- Nantong Institute of Liver Disease, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Nantong Institute of Liver Disease, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Evaluation of a Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Panel for the Non-Invasive Detection of Variants in Circulating DNA of Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194487. [PMID: 34640513 PMCID: PMC8509146 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular profiling of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has shown utility for the management of colorectal cancer (CRC). TruSight Tumor 170 (TST170) is a next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel that covers 170 cancer-related genes, including KRAS, which is a key driver gene in CRC. We evaluated the capacity of TST170 to detect gene variants in cfDNA from a retrospective cohort of 20 metastatic CRC patients with known KRAS variants in tumor tissue and in cfDNA previously analyzed by pyrosequencing and BEAMing, respectively. The cfDNA of most of the patients (95%) was successfully sequenced. We frequently detected variants with clinical significance in KRAS (79%, 15/19) and PIK3CA (26%, 5/19) genes. Variants with potential clinical significance were also identified in another 27 cancer genes, such as APC. The type of KRAS variant detected in cfDNA by TST170 showed high concordance with those detected in tumor tissue (77%), and very high concordance with cfDNA analyzed by BEAMing (94%). The variant allele fractions for KRAS obtained in cfDNA by TST170 and BEAMing correlated strongly. This proof-of-principle study indicates that targeted NGS analysis of cfDNA with TST170 could be useful for non-invasive detection of gene variants in metastatic CRC patients, providing an assay that could be easily implemented for detecting somatic alterations in the clinic.
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Stefani C, Miricescu D, Stanescu-Spinu II, Nica RI, Greabu M, Totan AR, Jinga M. Growth Factors, PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis: Where Are We Now? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910260. [PMID: 34638601 PMCID: PMC8508474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a predominant malignancy worldwide, being the fourth most common cause of mortality and morbidity. The CRC incidence in adolescents, young adults, and adult populations is increasing every year. In the pathogenesis of CRC, various factors are involved including diet, sedentary life, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, gut microbiota, diabetes, and genetic mutations. The CRC tumor microenvironment (TME) involves the complex cooperation between tumoral cells with stroma, immune, and endothelial cells. Cytokines and several growth factors (GFs) will sustain CRC cell proliferation, survival, motility, and invasion. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Insulin-like growth factor -1 receptor (IGF-1R), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor -A (VEGF-A) are overexpressed in various human cancers including CRC. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and all the three major subfamilies of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways may be activated by GFs and will further play key roles in CRC development. The main aim of this review is to present the CRC incidence, risk factors, pathogenesis, and the impact of GFs during its development. Moreover, the article describes the relationship between EGF, IGF, VEGF, GFs inhibitors, PI3K/AKT/mTOR-MAPK signaling pathways, and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Stefani
- Department of Family Medicine and Clinical Base, ‘‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 051075 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniela Miricescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.-I.S.-S.); (A.R.T.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.-I.S.-S.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Remus Iulian Nica
- Surgery 2, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 051075 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Maria Greabu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.-I.S.-S.); (A.R.T.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Alexandra Ripszky Totan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.-I.S.-S.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Mariana Jinga
- Department of Gastroenterology, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 051075 Bucharest, Romania;
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Lee CC, Kuo YC, Hu JM, Chang PK, Sun CA, Yang T, Li CW, Chen CY, Lin FH, Hsu CH, Chou YC. MTNR1B polymorphisms with CDKN2A and MGMT methylation status are associated with poor prognosis of colorectal cancer in Taiwan. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:5737-5752. [PMID: 34629798 PMCID: PMC8473598 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i34.5737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying novel colorectal cancer (CRC) prognostic biomarkers is crucial to helping clinicians make appropriate therapy decisions. Melatonin plays a major role in managing the circadian rhythm and exerts oncostatic effects on different kinds of tumours.
AIM To explore the relationship between MTNR1B single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) combined with gene hypermethylation and CRC prognosis.
METHODS A total of 94 CRC tumour tissues were investigated. Genotyping for the four MTNR1B SNPs (rs1387153, rs2166706, rs10830963, and rs1447352) was performed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The relationships between the MTNR1B SNPs and CRC 5-year overall survival (OS) was assessed by calculating hazard ratios with 95%CIs.
RESULTS All SNPs (rs1387153, rs2166706, rs10830963, and rs1447352) were correlated with decreased 5-year OS. In stratified analysis, rs1387153, rs10830963, and rs1447352 risk genotype combined with CDKN2A and MGMT methylation status were associated with 5-year OS. A strong cumulative effect of the four polymorphisms on CRC prognosis was observed. Four haplotypes of MTNR1B SNPs were also associated with the 5-year OS. MTNR1B SNPs combined with CDKN2A and MGMT gene methylation status could be used to predict shorter CRC survival.
CONCLUSION The novel genetic biomarkers combined with epigenetic biomarkers may be predictive tool for CRC prognosis and thus could be used to individualise treatment for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Cheng Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Medical Informatics Office, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Kuo
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Je-Ming Hu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Kai Chang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Sun
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Big Data Research Center, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Tsan Yang
- Department of Health Business Administration, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Wang Li
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yang Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Huang Lin
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiung Hsu
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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117
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Xu J, Pan Y, Liu Y, Na S, Zhou H, Li L, Chen F, Song H. A review of anti-tumour effects of ginsenoside in gastrointestinal cancer. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1292-1301. [PMID: 33836068 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gastrointestinal cancer, one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths in the world, refers to malignant conditions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and other organs. Although conventional therapy has been successful to some extent in cancer treatment, drug resistance and cancer recurrence still limit the therapeutic efficacy. There is increasing evidence indicating that ginsenoside, as a kind of high nutritional value and widely used traditional Chinese medicine, could contribute to the promotion of treatment in GI cancer, which deserves further investigation. KEY FINDINGS Based on previous studies, the possible mechanisms mainly include regulation of autophagy, apoptosis, proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. However, no studies recently have conducted a more in-depth review of the anti-cancer effects of ginsenoside in GI cancer. SUMMARY Therefore, this review will summarise and analyse the latest developments in the anti-tumour effects of ginsenosides in GI cancer, thus may promote further research of the anti-tumour efficacy of ginsenoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yunxia Pan
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Sha Na
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Fengyuan Chen
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Hang Song
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
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Qin YF, Li GM, Wang G, Kong DJ, Wang HD, Zhao YM, Hao JP, Qin H, Sun DQ, Wang H. Identification of Hub Gene TIMP1 and Relative ceRNAs Regulatory Network in Colorectal Cancer. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2021; 17:889-901. [PMID: 34475758 PMCID: PMC8407779 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s321101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to discover the ceRNAs network in the pathophysiological development of human colorectal cancer (CRC) and to screen biomarkers for target therapy and prognosis by using integrated bioinformatics analysis. Methods Data on gene expressions of mRNAs, miRNAs, and circRNAs and clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases, respectively. Differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were identified by using the DESeq2 package of R software. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted using the ClusterProfiler package of R software. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was shown by the STRING website. Survival analysis of hub genes was performed using the survival package in R software. Interactions among hub genes, differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) were used to construct the ceRNAs network. Results A total of 412 DEmRNAs including 82 upregulated and 330 downregulated genes were screened out between 473 CRC and 41 normal samples. Two hundred and sixty DEcircRNAs including 253 upregulated and 7 downregulated genes were altered between 23 CRC and 23 normal samples. One hundred and ninety DEmiRNAs including 82 upregulated and 108 downregulated genes were obtained between 450 CRC and 8 normal samples. A ceRNAs and PPI network were successfully constructed, and TIMP1 associated with prognosis was employed. Conclusion The present study identified a novel circRNAs-miRNAs-mRNA ceRNAs network, which implied that TIMP1 and related miRNAs, circRNAs were potential biomarkers underlying the development of CRC, providing new insights for survival predictions and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Ming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Grace Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - De-Jun Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Da Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Peng Hao
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Qing Sun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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119
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Johnson CH, Golla JP, Dioletis E, Singh S, Ishii M, Charkoftaki G, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Molecular Mechanisms of Alcohol-Induced Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4404. [PMID: 34503214 PMCID: PMC8431530 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) is complex. Approximately, 10% of individuals with CRC have predisposing germline mutations that lead to familial cancer syndromes, whereas most CRC patients have sporadic cancer resulting from a combination of environmental and genetic risk factors. It has become increasingly clear that chronic alcohol consumption is associated with the development of sporadic CRC; however, the exact mechanisms by which alcohol contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis are largely unknown. Several proposed mechanisms from studies in CRC models suggest that alcohol metabolites and/or enzymes associated with alcohol metabolism alter cellular redox balance, cause DNA damage, and epigenetic dysregulation. In addition, alcohol metabolites can cause a dysbiotic colorectal microbiome and intestinal permeability, resulting in bacterial translocation, inflammation, and immunosuppression. All of these effects can increase the risk of developing CRC. This review aims to outline some of the most significant and recent findings on the mechanisms of alcohol in colorectal carcinogenesis. We examine the effect of alcohol on the generation of reactive oxygen species, the development of genotoxic stress, modulation of one-carbon metabolism, disruption of the microbiome, and immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H. Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Jaya Prakash Golla
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Evangelos Dioletis
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Surendra Singh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Momoko Ishii
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - David C. Thompson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
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Mao G, Zhou B, Xu W, Jiao N, Wu Z, Li J, Liu Y. Hsa_circ_0040809 regulates colorectal cancer development by upregulating methyltransferase DNMT1 via targeting miR-515-5p. J Gene Med 2021; 23:e3388. [PMID: 34438465 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are key regulators in the progression of various cancers. Abnormal DNA methylation patterns feature prominently in the regulation of the expression of tumor-related genes. This study is aimed at investigating the molecular mechanism of circ_0040809 affecting colorectal cancer (CRC) progression by regulating DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). METHODS circ_0040809 was selected from the circRNA microarray datasets (GSE142837 and GSE138589). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to examine the expression of circ_0040809, miR-515-5p, and DNMT1 mRNA in paired cancerous and paracancerous tissues of 40 CRC patients, as well as in cell lines. Western blotting was conducted for detecting DNMT1 protein expression in CRC cells. Cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were assessed through CCK-8, Transwell, and flow cytometry assays. Bioinformatics and dual-luciferase gene assay were conducted to predict and verify, respectively, the targeted relationships between circ_0040809 and miR-515-5p, as well as between miR-515-5p and DNMT1 mRNA. RESULTS In CRC tissues and cells, circ_0040809 and DNMT1 expression are markedly increased, whereas miR-515-5p expression is decreased. Also, high circ_0040809 expression is significantly linked to shorter overall survival. Cell function compensation experiments reveal that circ_0040809 silencing inhibits CRC cell proliferation and migration and promotes apoptosis, while circ_0040809 overexpression has the opposite effects. Mechanistically, circ_0040809 competitively binds to miR-515-5p to elevate DNMT1 expression. Rescue assay reveals that overexpressed miR-515-5p partly counteracts the tumor-facilitating impact of circ_0040809. CONCLUSIONS circ_0040809 facilitates CRC cell proliferation and migration, and inhibits apoptosis, through modulating miR-515-5p/DNMT1 axis. Our study implies that targeting circ_0040809 may be a therapy strategy for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Mao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Wuqin Xu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Nanlin Jiao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yinhua Liu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui, China
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Ye GY, Zhang ZZ, Zhu CC, Cong ZJ, Cui Z, Chen L, Zhao G. Long Non-Coding RNA LINC01569 Promotes Proliferation and Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer by miR-381-3p/RAP2A Axis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:727698. [PMID: 34422671 PMCID: PMC8378226 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.727698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) display regulatory function flexibly in tumor onset and developments. Our study aimed to delve into the roles of lncRNA LINC01569 (LINC01569) in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression to study the potential mechanisms. Methods The genetic expression profiles of miR-381-3p and LINC01569 were measured by RT-PCR. The subcellular localization of LINC01569 in CRC cells was identified using subcellular fractionation location. Loss-of-function assays were performed to explore the potential effects of LINC01569 on CRC progression. Dual-luciferase reporter analysis was employed to verify the binding connections among LINC01569, miR-381-3p, and RAP2A. Results LINC01569 expression was distinctly increased in CRC. Curiously, if LINC01569 is removed, CRC cells will not migrate, proliferate, and invade remarkably. Molecular mechanism exploration uncovered that LINC01569 acted as a ceRNA competing with RAP2A to bind with miR-381-3p. Furthermore, rescue experiments corroborated the fact that miR-381-3p suppression reversed the inhibitory actions of LINC01569 knockdown on the expression of RAP2A and CRC progression. Conclusion Overall, our findings indicate that LINC01569 plays a key role in CRC development by means of aiming at the miR-381-3p/RAP2A axis and can be equivalent to an underlying medicinal target to save CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yao Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Chao Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Cong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Liang Y, Wu X, Su Q, Liu Y, Xiao H. Identification and Validation of a Novel Inflammatory Response-Related Gene Signature for the Prognosis of Colon Cancer. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3809-3821. [PMID: 34408464 PMCID: PMC8364916 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s321852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The inflammatory response plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of colon cancer. In this study, we aimed to explore a novel prognostic model for patients with colon cancer (COAD) based on inflammatory response-related genes. Methods Inflammatory response-related genes were obtained from Molecular Signatures database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used for model construction based on TCGA dataset. GSE39582 dataset and qRT-PCR dataset were used for validation. Gene set variation analysis and gene set enrichment analysis were performed to explore the potential regulatory pathways. The immune cell infiltration level was analyzed via CIBERSORT. Immunohistochemistry analysis and experiments were used to explore the function of genes in model. Results In this study, a novel prognostic signature was identified using stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression analysis based on TCGA dataset. The results were subsequently validated in 562 patients from GSE39582 and a qRT-PCR data set from 70 tumor samples. Functional analysis indicated that the tumor microenvironment and immune cell infiltrate were different between high- and low-risk groups. Additionally, IHC results showed that the protein levels of prognostic genes were significantly different between COAD tissues and adjacent non-tumorous tissues, and prognostic genes could regulate the malignant phenotype of COAD cells. Conclusion Overall, the inflammation-related gene signature can be used for prognostic prediction in patients with COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Su
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Lead Time and Prognostic Role of Serum CEA, CA19-9, IL-6, CRP, and YKL-40 after Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153892. [PMID: 34359796 PMCID: PMC8345682 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancer (CRC), 20-50% of patients relapse after curative-intent surgery with or without adjuvant therapy. We investigated the lead times and prognostic value of post-adjuvant (8 months from randomisation to adjuvant treatment) serum CEA, CA19-9, IL-6, CRP, and YKL-40. We included 147 radically resected stage II-IV CRC treated with 24 weeks of adjuvant 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in the phase III LIPSYT-study (ISRCTN98405441). All 147 were included in lead time analysis, but 12 relapsing during adjuvant therapy were excluded from post-adjuvant analysis. Elevated post-adjuvant CEA, IL-6, and CRP were associated with impaired disease-free survival (DFS) with hazard ratio (HR) 5.21 (95% confidence interval 2.32-11.69); 3.72 (1.99-6.95); 2.58 (1.18-5.61), respectively, and elevated IL-6 and CRP with impaired overall survival (OS) HR 3.06 (1.64-5.73); 3.41 (1.55-7.49), respectively. Elevated post-adjuvant IL-6 in CEA-normal patients identified a subgroup with impaired DFS. HR 3.12 (1.38-7.04) and OS, HR 3.20 (1.39-7.37). The lead times between the elevated biomarker and radiological relapse were 7.8 months for CEA and 10.0-53.1 months for CA19-9, IL-6, CRP, and YKL-40, and the lead time for the five combined was 27.3 months. Elevated post-adjuvant CEA, IL-6, and CRP were associated with impaired DFS. The lead time was shortest for CEA.
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Qiu Z, Li Q, Lu Y, Wang Q. Clinical significance and prognostic value of circulating B10 cells in colorectal cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2021; 18:e157-e162. [PMID: 34314570 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B10 cells, a subset of regulatory B cells, can inhibit antitumor response and thus promote tumor development. This study explored the clinical meaning and prognostic value of circulating B10 cells in colorectal cancer (CRC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The proportion of B10 cells in peripheral blood in CRC patients and healthy controls was detected by multicolor flow cytometry. RESULTS The proportion of circulating B10 cells was remarkably elevated in CRC patients compared to normal controls (% of CD19+ B cells; 16.6% (IQR 6.0%) versus 9.0% (IQR 5.7%), p < 0.001). B10 cells proportion was associated with tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage in CRC. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that CRC patients with high B10 cells proportion suffered worse overall survival than those with low B10 cells proportion. Multivariate analysis revealed that the proportion of B10 cells was an independent prognostic indicator for CRC patients. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the proportion of circulating B10 cells is an independent prognostic factor for patients with CRC and thus may help guide the clinical decision in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixun Lu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Lu Y, Zhang Q, Zhang L. CD4 + Memory Stem T Cell in Peripheral Blood: A Promising Immune Index for Early Screening and Auxiliary Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:701738. [PMID: 34327142 PMCID: PMC8313852 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.701738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Colorectal cancer (CRC) lacks obvious symptoms in the early stage of the disease, making it is easy to be misdiagnosed and remain undetected. Here, we explored the role of CD4+ memory stem T cells (TSCM) in peripheral blood in the early screening and auxiliary diagnosis of CRC. Materials and Methods Patients diagnosed with a “colorectal mass” by colonoscopy, at the Dongyang People’s Hospital (Zhejiang, China), between November 2020 and June 2021, were included in this prospective study. Using histopathological results as the gold standard for diagnosis, patients were divided into “CRC group” and “benign tumor group”. Healthy volunteers were recruited as “healthy controls.” Ten-color flow cytometry was used to detect CD4+ T cell subsets, and the results were analyzed using the Kaluza software. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) were detected by the Roche Cobas e 602 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. Results This study involved 33 patients with CRC, 41 patients with colorectal benign tumors, and 49 healthy volunteers. The absolute value and frequency of CD4+ TSCM can clearly distinguish colorectal cancer, benign tumors, and healthy controls. According to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), the absolute value of CD4+ TSCM used to assist in the diagnosis of CRC was 0.758 (sensitivity: 0.612; specificity: 0.788), which is higher than the values for CEA (AUC: 0.707) and CA199 (AUC: 0.552). In early screening, the sensitivity of the absolute value of CD4+ TSCM (sensitivity: 0.612) was significantly higher than that of CEA (sensitivity: 0.333) and CA199 (sensitivity: 0.259). Conclusion CD4+ TSCM in peripheral blood may be a promising immune index for the early screening and auxiliary diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, DongYang People's Hospital, Dongyang, China
| | - Qiaohong Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, DongYang People's Hospital, Dongyang, China
| | - Longyi Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, DongYang People's Hospital, Dongyang, China
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Diener MK, Fichtner‐Feigl S. Biomarkers in colorectal liver metastases: Rising complexity and unknown clinical significance? Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2021; 5:477-483. [PMID: 34337296 PMCID: PMC8316735 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection of the liver is the standard treatment for colorectal liver metastases, but 70% of patients still experience recurrence, resulting in limited survival. Molecular biomarkers promise guidance within the selection process of individualized treatment and provide better prognostic forecasting of recurrence and response to treatment. Presently, most investigated biomarkers include mutations of KRAS, BRAF, TP53, PIK3CA, APC, expression of Ki-67, and microsatellite instability. As some colorectal cancer tumors exhibit more than one molecular target, in line with a rising number of potential biomarkers, the complexity of their clinical implementation is rising steadily. Therefore, it is important to approach new insights into molecular biomarkers with explicit caution to their clinical applicability and significance, as there are contradictory results arising from multiple available studies and meta-analyses. This review helps to shed light on the complexity of promising biomarkers in both the prognosis and diagnosis of colorectal liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus K. Diener
- Department of General and Visceral SurgeryFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Stefan Fichtner‐Feigl
- Department of General and Visceral SurgeryFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg im BreisgauGermany
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Wang J, Li S, Zhang G, Han H. Sevoflurane inhibits malignant progression of colorectal cancer via hsa_circ_0000231-mediated miR-622. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:14. [PMID: 34183076 PMCID: PMC8237491 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-021-00145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Sevoflurane (Sev), a commonly used volatile anesthetic, has been reported to inhibit the process of colorectal cancer (CRC). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are revealed to participate in the pathogenesis of CRC. This study aims to reveal the mechanism of hsa_circ_0000231 in Sev-mediated CRC progression. Methods The expression of hsa_circ_0000231 and microRNA-622 (miR-622) was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Protein level was determined by western blot analysis. Cell proliferation was investigated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), cell colony formation and DNA content quantitation assays. Cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide double staining and caspase 3 activity assays. Cell migration and invasion were investigated by wound-healing and transwell invasion assays, respectively. The putative relationship between hsa_circ_0000231 and miR-622 was predicted by circular RNA Interactome online database, and identified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. The impacts of hsa_circ_0000231 on Sev-mediated tumor formation in vivo were presented by in vivo assay. Results Hsa_circ_0000231 expression was upregulated, while miR-622 was downregulated in CRC tissues and cells compared with control groups. Sev treatment decreased hsa_circ_0000231 expression, but increased miR-622 expression in CRC cells. Sev treatment suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis. Hsa_circ_0000231 overexpression restored Sev-mediated CRC progression in vitro. Additionally, hsa_circ_0000231 acted as a sponge of miR-622, and miR-622 inhibitors reversed the impacts of hsa_circ_0000231 silencing on CRC process. Furthermore, Sev treatment inhibited tumor growth by regulating hsa_circ_0000231 in vivo. Conclusion Hsa_circ_0000231 attenuated Sev-aroused repression impacts on CRC development by sponging miR-622. This findings may provide an appropriate anesthetic protocol for CRC sufferers undergoing surgery. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40709-021-00145-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingpeng Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Chengyang People's Hospital, No.76 Zhengyang Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Shuyuan Li
- Fever Clinic, The Chengyang People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huihua Han
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Chengyang People's Hospital, No.76 Zhengyang Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong Province, China
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Cano-Garrido O, Álamo P, Sánchez-García L, Falgàs A, Sánchez-Chardi A, Serna N, Parladé E, Unzueta U, Roldán M, Voltà-Durán E, Casanova I, Villaverde A, Mangues R, Vázquez E. Biparatopic Protein Nanoparticles for the Precision Therapy of CXCR4 + Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2929. [PMID: 34208189 PMCID: PMC8230831 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulated molecular knowledge about human cancer enables the identification of multiple cell surface markers as highly specific therapeutic targets. A proper tumor targeting could significantly avoid drug exposure of healthy cells, minimizing side effects, but it is also expected to increase the therapeutic index. Specifically, colorectal cancer has a particularly poor prognosis in late stages, being drug targeting an appropriate strategy to substantially improve the therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we have explored the potential of the human albumin-derived peptide, EPI-X4, as a suitable ligand to target colorectal cancer via the cell surface protein CXCR4, a chemokine receptor overexpressed in cancer stem cells. To explore the potential use of this ligand, self-assembling protein nanoparticles have been generated displaying an engineered EPI-X4 version, which conferred a modest CXCR4 targeting and fast and high level of cell apoptosis in tumor CXCR4+ cells, in vitro and in vivo. In addition, when EPI-X4-based building blocks are combined with biologically inert polypeptides containing the CXCR4 ligand T22, the resulting biparatopic nanoparticles show a dramatically improved biodistribution in mouse models of CXCR4+ human cancer, faster cell internalization and enhanced target cell death when compared to the version based on a single ligand. The generation of biparatopic materials opens exciting possibilities in oncotherapies based on high precision drug delivery based on the receptor CXCR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Cano-Garrido
- Nanoligent SL, Edifici EUREKA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Álamo
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Ma Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Contra la Leucemia Josep Carreras, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-García
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aïda Falgàs
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Ma Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Contra la Leucemia Josep Carreras, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-Chardi
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Servei de Microscòpia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Naroa Serna
- Nanoligent SL, Edifici EUREKA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eloi Parladé
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Ma Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Contra la Leucemia Josep Carreras, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Roldán
- Unitat de Microscòpia Confocal i Imatge Cel·lular, Servei de Medicina Genètica i Molecular, Institut Pediàtric de Malalties Rares (IPER), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Voltà-Durán
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isolda Casanova
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Ma Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Contra la Leucemia Josep Carreras, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Mangues
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Ma Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Contra la Leucemia Josep Carreras, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Vázquez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Li M, Zhuang J, Kang D, Chen Y, Song W. Identification of circRNA circ-CSPP1 as a potent driver of colorectal cancer by directly targeting the miR-431/LASP1 axis. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:523-536. [PMID: 34124372 PMCID: PMC8165258 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in cancer biology. The purpose of the current work is to investigate the precise parts of circRNA centrosome and spindle pole-associated protein 1 (circ-CSPP1) in the progression of CRC. Our data showed that circ-CSPP1 was significantly overexpressed in CRC tissues and cells. The knockdown of circ-CSPP1 attenuated cell proliferation, migration, invasion and promoted apoptosis in vitro and weakened tumor growth in vivo. circ-CSPP1 directly targeted miR-431, and circ-CSPP1 knockdown modulated CRC cell progression in vitro via upregulating miR-431. Moreover, LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) was a functional target of miR-431 in modulating CRC cell malignant progression. Furthermore, circ-CSPP1 in CRC cells functioned as a posttranscriptional regulator on LASP1 expression by targeting miR-431. Our present study identified the oncogenic role of circ-CSPP1 in CRC partially by the modulation of the miR-431/LASP1 axis, providing evidence for circ-CSPP1 as a promising biomarker for CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Anorectal Surgery, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Jianbin Zhuang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Anorectal Surgery, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Di Kang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Anorectal Surgery, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Yuzhuo Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Anorectal Surgery, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Weiliang Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Anorectal Surgery, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
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130
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Zhu J, Kong W, Xie Z. Expression and Prognostic Characteristics of Ferroptosis-Related Genes in Colon Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115652. [PMID: 34073365 PMCID: PMC8199073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death, which occurs with iron dependence. Previous studies have showed that ferroptosis plays an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Colon cancer is one of the major morbidities and causes of mortality in the world. This study used RNA-seq and colon cancer clinical data to explore the relationship between ferroptosis-related genes and colon cancer. Based on the fifteen prognostic ferroptosis-related genes, two molecular subgroups of colon cancer were identified. Surprisingly, we also found cluster2 was characterized by lower mutation burden and expression of checkpoint genes, better survival, and higher expression of NOX1. Moreover, cluster2 has fewer BRAF mutations. We also found the expression of NOX1 is related to the status of BRAF. Finally, using 15 ferroptosis-related genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort, we constructed a prognosis model, and this model may be used to predict the prognosis of patients in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Weikaixin Kong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Zhengwei Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
- Correspondence:
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Xu XH, Song W, Li JH, Huang ZQ, Liu YF, Bao Q, Shen ZW. Long Non-coding RNA EBLN3P Regulates UHMK1 Expression by Sponging miR-323a-3p and Promotes Colorectal Cancer Progression. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:651600. [PMID: 34109193 PMCID: PMC8180563 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.651600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Growing studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) can act as crucial roles during the progression of various tumors, including colorectal carcinoma (CRC). We aimed to determine lncRNA endogenous bornavirus-like nucleoprotein (EBLN3P) expression in CRC and examine its influence on tumor behaviors of CRC cells. Materials and Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression levels of EBLN3P and miR-323a-3p in CRC tissues and cell lines. Cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were assessed by Cell Counting Kit 8, colony formation, Transwell assay, wound healing assays, and flow cytometry. Bioinformatics and dual-luciferase assays were used to investigate the interaction between EBLN3P and miR-323a-3p, as well as between miR-323a-3p and U2AF homology motif kinase 1 (UHMK1). Western blot was applied for detecting the expressions of the related proteins. Results: EBLN3P was highly expressed in CRC, and its high expression was distinctly associated with increased tumor size, histology/differentiation and advanced TNM stage, and poor clinical outcome of CRC patients. EBLN3P silencing significantly inhibited the proliferation and metastasis and induced the apoptosis of CRC cells. Mechanistically, overexpression of EBLN3P exhibited tumorigenic effects through downregulating the inhibitory effects of miR-323a-3p on UHMK1 expression. The correlation analysis confirmed the positive or negative association among EBLN3P, miR-323a-3p, and UHMK1. Conclusion: EBLN3P promoted the development of CRC via targeting miR-323a-3p/UHMK1, which provided a new idea for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hao Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Hua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Qi Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Fang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Bao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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132
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Patil AR, Leung MY, Roy S. Identification of Hub Genes in Different Stages of Colorectal Cancer through an Integrated Bioinformatics Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5564. [PMID: 34070979 PMCID: PMC8197092 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer that contributes to cancer-related morbidity. However, the differential expression of genes in different phases of CRC is largely unknown. Moreover, very little is known about the role of stress-survival pathways in CRC. We sought to discover the hub genes and identify their roles in several key pathways, including oxidative stress and apoptosis in the different stages of CRC. To identify the hub genes that may be involved in the different stages of CRC, gene expression datasets were obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) common among the different datasets for each group were obtained using the robust rank aggregation method. Then, gene enrichment analysis was carried out with Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases. Finally, the protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using the Cytoscape software. We identified 40 hub genes and performed enrichment analysis for each group. We also used the Oncomine database to identify the DEGs related to stress-survival and apoptosis pathways involved in different stages of CRC. In conclusion, the hub genes were found to be enriched in several key pathways, including the cell cycle and p53 signaling pathway. Some of the hub genes were also reported in the stress-survival and apoptosis pathways. The hub DEGs revealed from our study may be used as biomarkers and may explain CRC development and progression mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet R. Patil
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (A.R.P.); (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Ming-Ying Leung
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (A.R.P.); (M.-Y.L.)
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Sourav Roy
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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Alharbi A, Bin Dokhi H, Almuhaini G, Alomran F, Masuadi E, Alomran N. Prevalence of colorectal cancer biomarkers and their impact on clinical outcomes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249590. [PMID: 33979337 PMCID: PMC8116043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations are commonly present in colorectal cancer (CRC). We estimated the frequency of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations and assessed their impact on survival and other clinical variables among Saudi patients. Design Retrospective cohort study design. Settings Oncology department of a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We gathered information from 2016 to 2018. Participants Cohort of 248 CRC patients to assess the demographic data, pathological tumour features, response to treatment modalities, disease progression, and metastasis. Statistical analysis used Correlation analysis using the chi-square test. Survival analysis using a Kaplan Meier method. Cox regression analysis to calculate the hazard ratios. Results Demographic data revealed that 84% of patients were diagnosed with CRC above the age of 50 years. Only 27% of patients presented with distant metastasis. KRAS mutations were the most prevalent (49.6%), followed by NRAS mutations (2%) and BRAF mutations (0.4%). Wild type tumours were found among 44.4% of patients. KRAS mutation showed no significant correlation with the site, type, pathological grade, and stage of the tumour. The mean survival time was shorter among patients with KRAS mutations than among patients with wild type KRAS tumours (54.46 vs. 58.02 months). Adjusted analysis showed that the survival time was significantly affected by patients’ age at diagnosis (P = 0.04). Male patients had an increased risk of mortality by 77% (hazard ratio: 1.77). Conclusions Saudi CRC patients had a high frequency of KRAS mutations and a low frequency of BRAF mutations. The KRAS mutation status did not affect the patients’ survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Alharbi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa Bin Dokhi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ghadir Almuhaini
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Sciences and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Futoon Alomran
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Masuadi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alomran
- College of Medicine, Alfarabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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134
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Jiang C, Liu Y, Wen S, Xu C, Gu L. In silico development and clinical validation of novel 8 gene signature based on lipid metabolism related genes in colon adenocarcinoma. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105644. [PMID: 33940186 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in lipid metabolism pathways play a major role in colon carcinogenesis and development. Hence, we conducted a systematic analysis of lipid metabolism-related genes to explore new markers that predict the prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). METHODS The non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) algorithm was applied to identify the molecular subtypes based on lipid metabolism-related genes. A weighted correlation network analysis (WCGNA) was used to identify co-expressed genes, and Lasso multivariate Cox analysis was performed to build a risk prognosis model. A timer database was used to analyze the immune infiltration of the gene signature and the GSCALite database was used for genome-wide analysis of the gene signature. RESULTS TCGA-COAD samples were divided into 3 subtypes based on lipid metabolism-related genes. 2739 genes were identified by WGCNA analysis. Finally, an 8-gene signature (RTN2, FYN, HEYL, FAM69A, FBXL5, HMGN2, LGALS4, STOX1) was constructed that demonstrated good robustness in different datasets, as well as an independent risk factor for colon cancer patients' prognosis. In addition, our model's predictive efficacy overall was higher than that of the other published models, and the 8 genes' expression analysis indicated that RTN2, HEYL, and STOX1 were all expressed highly significantly in COAD, while FAM69A, FBXL5, LGALS4, FYN and HMGN2 were expressed significantly poorly in cancer tissues, which was confirmed in immunohistochemistry. The 8 genes were expressed significantly differently in COAD immune subtypes and correlated with clinical variables. Genome-wide analysis revealed that the STOX1 mutation frequency was the highest, and genome methylation influenced HEYL, FAM69A, and STOX1 gene expression significantly; further, the expression of HEYL and FBXL5 was correlated positively with Copy number variation (CNV) and was regulated significantly by CNV in most cancers. FBXL5 was correlated significantly with austocystin d and bafilomycin and played an important role in anti-tumor and immunotherapy. The HEYL, FYN, FAM69A, and RTN2 genes' expression was associated with the EMT pathway's activation, while LGALS4 and STOX1 were associated significantly with the EMT pathway's inhibition. CONCLUSION This study constructed an 8-gene signature as a novel marker to predict colon cancer patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Siyuan Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Chunjie Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
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135
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Ding C, Shan Z, Li M, Xia Y, Jin Z. Exploration of the Associations of lncRNA Expression Patterns with Tumor Mutation Burden and Prognosis in Colon Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2893-2909. [PMID: 33958876 PMCID: PMC8096447 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s300095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor mutation burden (TMB) is emerging as a new biomarker to monitor the response of cancer patients to immunotherapy. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical in regulating gene expression and play a significant role in cancer-associated immune responses. However, the association between lncRNA expression patterns and TMB levels and survival outcomes remains unknown in colon cancer. Methods In colon cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA), a multi-lncRNAs based classifier for predicting TMB levels was established using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. The association between classifier index and immune-related characteristics of patients was also investigated. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to verify the expression levels of these lncRNAs in normal and CRC cell lines. Results The multi-lncRNAs based classifier had ability to predict TMB level of patients with accuracy (AUC= 0.70), and the general applicability of this classifier was proved in the validation set (AUC= 0.71) and the pooled set (AUC= 0.70). The classifier index was related to three immune checkpoints (PD1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4), the infiltration level of immune cells, and immune response-related score (IFN-γ score, gene expression profiles (GEP) score, cytolytic activity (CYT) score and MHC score). A nomogram, which integrates classifier and some common clinical information, was able to predict the overall survival of colon cancer patients accurately. Conclusion LncRNA expression patterns are associated with TMB, which may serve as a classifier to predict the TMB in colon cancer patients. The nomogram could potentially evaluate survival outcomes and provide a reference to better manage colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zezhi Shan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengcheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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136
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He J, Wu F, Han Z, Hu M, Lin W, Li Y, Cao M. Biomarkers (mRNAs and Non-Coding RNAs) for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer - From the Body Fluid to Tissue Level. Front Oncol 2021; 11:632834. [PMID: 33996548 PMCID: PMC8118670 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.632834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been continuously improved, but the mortality rate continues to be high, especially in advanced patients. CRC patients usually have no obvious symptoms in the early stage and are already in the advanced stage when they are diagnosed. The 5-year survival rate is only 10%. The blood markers currently used to screen for CRC, such as carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9, have low sensitivity and specificity, whereas other methods are invasive or too expensive. As a result, recent research has shifted to the development of minimally invasive or noninvasive biomarkers in the form of body fluid biopsies. Non-coding RNA molecules are composed of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, and circular RNAs, which have important roles in the occurrence and development of diseases and can be utilized for the early diagnosis and prognosis of tumors. In this review, we focus on the latest findings of mRNA-ncRNA as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC, from fluid to tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifeng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeping Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weida Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuguang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingrong Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Banegas-Luna AJ, Peña-García J, Iftene A, Guadagni F, Ferroni P, Scarpato N, Zanzotto FM, Bueno-Crespo A, Pérez-Sánchez H. Towards the Interpretability of Machine Learning Predictions for Medical Applications Targeting Personalised Therapies: A Cancer Case Survey. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4394. [PMID: 33922356 PMCID: PMC8122817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence is providing astonishing results, with medicine being one of its favourite playgrounds. Machine Learning and, in particular, Deep Neural Networks are behind this revolution. Among the most challenging targets of interest in medicine are cancer diagnosis and therapies but, to start this revolution, software tools need to be adapted to cover the new requirements. In this sense, learning tools are becoming a commodity but, to be able to assist doctors on a daily basis, it is essential to fully understand how models can be interpreted. In this survey, we analyse current machine learning models and other in-silico tools as applied to medicine-specifically, to cancer research-and we discuss their interpretability, performance and the input data they are fed with. Artificial neural networks (ANN), logistic regression (LR) and support vector machines (SVM) have been observed to be the preferred models. In addition, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), supported by the rapid development of graphic processing units (GPUs) and high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructures, are gaining importance when image processing is feasible. However, the interpretability of machine learning predictions so that doctors can understand them, trust them and gain useful insights for the clinical practice is still rarely considered, which is a factor that needs to be improved to enhance doctors' predictive capacity and achieve individualised therapies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Jesús Banegas-Luna
- Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (J.P.-G.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Jorge Peña-García
- Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (J.P.-G.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Adrian Iftene
- Faculty of Computer Science, Universitatea Alexandru Ioan Cuza (UAIC), 700505 Jashi, Romania;
| | - Fiorella Guadagni
- Interinstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank (BioBIM), IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (P.F.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Ferroni
- Interinstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank (BioBIM), IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (P.F.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Noemi Scarpato
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fabio Massimo Zanzotto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Impresa “Mario Lucertini”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrés Bueno-Crespo
- Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (J.P.-G.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (J.P.-G.); (A.B.-C.)
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138
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A Review of Colorectal Cancer in Terms of Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Development, Symptoms and Diagnosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092025. [PMID: 33922197 PMCID: PMC8122718 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article contains a concise consideration of genetic and environmental risk factors for colorectal cancer. Known risk factors associated with colorectal cancer include familial and hereditary factors and lifestyle-related and ecological factors. Lifestyle factors are significant because of the potential for improving our understanding of the disease. Physical inactivity, obesity, smoking and alcohol consumption can also be addressed through therapeutic interventions. We also made efforts to systematize available literature and data on epidemiology, diagnosis, type and nature of symptoms and disease stages. Further study of colorectal cancer and progress made globally is crucial to inform future strategies in controlling the disease's burden through population-based preventative initiatives.
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139
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Liu Y, Zhang FJ, Zhao XX, Yang Y, Liang CY, Feng LL, Wan XB, Ding Y, Zhang YW. Development of a Joint Prediction Model Based on Both the Radiomics and Clinical Factors for Predicting the Tumor Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:3235-3246. [PMID: 33880066 PMCID: PMC8053518 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s295317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) has become the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). However, the accuracy of traditional clinical indicators in predicting tumor response is poor. Recently, radiomics based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been regarded as a promising noninvasive assessment method. The present study was conducted to develop a model to predict the pathological response by analyzing the quantitative features of MRI and clinical risk factors, which might predict the therapeutic effects in patients with LARC as accurately as possible before treatment. Patients and Methods A total of 82 patients with LARC were enrolled as the training cohort and internal validation cohort. The pre-CRT MRI after pretreatment was acquired to extract texture features, which was finally selected through the minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) algorithm. A support vector machine (SVM) was used as a classifier to classify different tumor responses. A joint radiomics model combined with clinical risk factors was then developed and evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. External validation was performed with 107 patients from another center to evaluate the applicability of the model. Results Twenty top image texture features were extracted from 6192 extracted-radiomic features. The radiomics model based on high-spatial-resolution T2-weighted imaging (HR-T2WI) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1+C) demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8910 (0.8114–0.9706) and 0.8938 (0.8084–0.9792), respectively. The AUC value rose to 0.9371 (0.8751–0.9997) and 0.9113 (0.8449–0.9776), respectively, when the circumferential resection margin (CRM) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels were incorporated. Clinical usefulness was confirmed in an external validation cohort as well (AUC, 0.6413 and 0.6818). Conclusion Our study indicated that the joint radiomics prediction model combined with clinical risk factors showed good predictive ability regarding the treatment response of tumors as accurately as possible before treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Jiao Zhang
- Shanghai Concord Medical Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Xi Zhao
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yi Liang
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Bo Wan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Wei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
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Dastych M, Hubatka F, Turanek-Knotigova P, Masek J, Kroupa R, Raška M, Turanek J, Prochazka L. Overexpression of CD44v8-10 in Colon Polyps-A Possible Key to Early Diagnosis. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:614281. [PMID: 34257584 PMCID: PMC8262190 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.614281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims: The majority of colorectal cancers arise from detectable adenomatous or serrated lesions. Here we demonstrate how deregulated alternative splicing of CD44 gene in diseased colon mucosa results in downregulation of standard isoform of CD44 gene (CD44s) and upregulation of variant isoform CD44v8-10. Our aim is to show that upregulation of CD44v8-10 isoform is a possible marker of precancerous lesion in human colon. Methods: We analysed pairs of fresh biopsy specimen of large intestine in a cohort of 50 patients. We studied and compared alternative splicing profile of CD44 gene in colon polyps and adjoined healthy colon mucosa. We performed end-point and qRT PCR, western blotting, IHC staining and flow cytometry analyses. Results: We detected more than five-fold overexpression of CD44v8-10 isoform and almost twenty-fold downregulation of standard isoform CD44s in colon polyps compared to adjoined healthy tissue with p = 0.018 and p < 0.001 in a cohort of 50 patients. Our results also show that aberrant splicing of CD44 occurs in both biologically distinct subtypes of colorectal adenoma possibly in ESRP-1 specific manner. Conclusion: 92% of the colon polyp positive patients overexpressed CD44v8-10 isoform in their colon polyps while only 36% of them had positive fecal occult blood test which is currently a standard non-invasive screening technique. Impact: We believe that our results are important for further steps leading to application of CD44v8-10 isoform as a biomarker of colorectal precancerosis in non-invasive detection. Early detection of colon precancerosis means successful prevention of colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Dastych
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Hubatka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.,C2P NEXARS, Campus Science Park, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Turanek-Knotigova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.,C2P NEXARS, Campus Science Park, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Masek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kroupa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Raška
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Turanek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.,C2P NEXARS, Campus Science Park, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomir Prochazka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Liu B, Zhao N, Zhou Y, Lu Y, Chen W, Huang Z, Wang D, Xu Y, Wai Ping Yam J, Cui Y. Circular RNA circ_ABCB10 in cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 518:93-100. [PMID: 33746018 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA), a newly discovered type of endogenous noncoding RNA, has become a focus and hotspot in biological research in recent years. It exists widely and possesses a stable structure, is highly conserved and has cell-specific expression. circRNA is associated with disease occurence in general and cancer specifically due to its role in cell differentiation, proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Recently, circ_ABCB10, an increasingly studied member of the annular RNA family, has attracted considerable attention due to the fact that its expression is upregulated in various tumors, ie, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and glioma, and may be of prognostic value. Molecular regulation and mechanism of circ_ABCB10 action in cancer are reviewed and its potential as a molecular marker and novel target for diagnosis and treatment are explored..
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yuanshi Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yuxuan Lu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Wangming Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Ziyue Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China; Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Block T, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam 999077, China.
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Block T, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam 999077, China.
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China.
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Cai D, He F, Xu X, Xiong F, Zhang L. APC c.4621C>T variant causing Gardner's syndrome in a Han Chinese family may be inherited through maternal mosaicism. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:488. [PMID: 33790997 PMCID: PMC8005673 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gardner's syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disease that is characterized by multiple colorectal polyps combined with extra-colonic presentation (such as osteoma or desmoid tumors) of familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome. Gardner's syndrome is caused by the mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, which is located at 5q21. The aim of the current study was to investigate the APC gene mutations present in a Han Chinese family diagnosed with Gardner's syndrome. The 38-year-old proband presented with clinical symptoms, and was later diagnosed with Gardner's syndrome. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral venous blood of 150 normal controls as well as the family members of the proband. Analysis of the respective APC gene sequences was performed using PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. Pathogenesis associated with the APC mutation was investigated using reverse-transcription quantitative PCR and determined through bioinformatics approaches. Haplotype analysis was performed to identify the genetic source of the mutation(s). In the initial screening for APC variants, the APC c.4621C>T variant was detected in the proband and his son, but was not detected in the proband's affected mother. The mRNA expression changed significantly according to age and the presence of the mutation in the blood of the patients. Haplotype analysis suggested the presence of maternal mosaicism for this mutation. Haplotype analysis revealed that the APC c.4621C>T variant in a patient with Gardner's syndrome was most likely derived from his mother through mosaicism. These results indicate the necessity to verify the possibility of gonadal mosaicism when a proband diagnosed with Gardner's syndrome appears to exhibit a de novo mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decheng Cai
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Fei He
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Fu Xiong
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Leitao Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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143
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Wen C, Feng X, Yuan H, Gong Y, Wang G. Circ_0003266 sponges miR-503-5p to suppress colorectal cancer progression via regulating PDCD4 expression. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:284. [PMID: 33726686 PMCID: PMC7968268 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) feature prominently in tumor progression. However, the biological function and molecular mechanism of circ_0003266 in colorectal cancer (CRC) require further investigation. METHODS Circ_0003266 expression in 46 pairs CRC tissues / adjacent tissues, and CRC cell lines was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR); after circ_0003266 was overexpressed or knocked down in CRC cells, cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were evaluated by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, and Transwell assays, respectively; the interaction among circ_0003266, miR-503-5p, and programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) was confirmed using bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay; PDCD4 protein expression in CRC cells was quantified using Western blot. RESULTS Circ_0003266 was significantly lowly expressed in CRC tissues and cell lines. Circ_0003266 overexpression markedly repressed CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and accelerated the cell apoptosis, but its overexpression promoted the malignant phenotypes of CRC cells. PDCD4 was a direct target of miR-503-5p and circ_0003266 promoted PDCD4 expression by competitively sponging miR-503-5p. CONCLUSION Circ_0003266 suppresses the CRC progression via sponging miR-503-5p and regulating PDCD4 expressions, which suggests that circ_0003266 may serve as a novel target for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wen
- Department of Oncology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, NO.183 Yiling Avenue, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Feng
- Department of Oncology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, NO.183 Yiling Avenue, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, China
| | - Honggang Yuan
- Department of Urology Surgery, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Gong
- Department of Digestive Internal, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, China
| | - Guangsheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, China
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144
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Xi L, Liu Q, Zhang W, Luo L, Song J, Liu R, Wei S, Wang Y. Circular RNA circCSPP1 knockdown attenuates doxorubicin resistance and suppresses tumor progression of colorectal cancer via miR-944/FZD7 axis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:153. [PMID: 33663510 PMCID: PMC7934234 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to play vital roles in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, only a few circRNAs have been experimentally validated and functionally described. In this research, we aimed to reveal the functional mechanism of circCSPP1 in CRC. METHODS 36 DOX sensitive and 36 resistant CRC cases participated in this study. The expression of circCSPP1, miR-944 and FZD7 were detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and the protein levels of FZD7, MRP1, P-gp and LRP were detected by western blot. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, transwell assay, or flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The interaction between miR-944 and circCSPP1 or frizzled-7 (FZD7) was predicted by Starbase 3.0 and verified by the dual luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay and RNA pull down assay. Xenograft tumor assay was performed to examine the effect of circCSPP1 on tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS The expression of circCSPP1 and FZD7 was upregulated while miR-944 expression was downregulated in doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant CRC tissues and cells. CircCSPP1 knockdown significantly downregulated enhanced doxorubicin sensitivity, suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced apoptosis in DOX-resistant CRC cells. Interestingly, we found that circCSPP1 directly downregulated miR-944 expression and miR-944 decreased FZD7 level through targeting to 3' untranslated region (UTR) of FZD7. Furthermore, circCSPP1 mediated DOX-resistant CRC cell progression and doxorubicin sensitivity by regulating miR-944/FZD7 axis. Besides, circCSPP1 downregulation dramatically repressed CRC tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that circCSPP1 knockdown inhibited DOX-resistant CRC cell growth and enhanced doxorubicin sensitivity by miR-944/FZD7 axis, providing a potential target for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Xi
- Department of Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Quanlin Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhengzhou Anorectal Hospital, No. 51, Longhai East Road, Zhengzhou, 450004, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhengzhou Anorectal Hospital, No. 51, Longhai East Road, Zhengzhou, 450004, China
| | - Linshan Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhengzhou Anorectal Hospital, No. 51, Longhai East Road, Zhengzhou, 450004, China
| | - Jingfeng Song
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhengzhou Anorectal Hospital, No. 51, Longhai East Road, Zhengzhou, 450004, China
| | - Ruitao Liu
- Department of Large Intestine, Zhengzhou Anorectal Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shue Wei
- Department of Large Intestine, Zhengzhou Anorectal Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhengzhou Anorectal Hospital, No. 51, Longhai East Road, Zhengzhou, 450004, China
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Zhang Y, Zheng S, Liao N, Huang H, Chen W, Wu Z, Wu D. CircCTNNA1 acts as a ceRNA for miR-363-3p to facilitate the progression of colorectal cancer by promoting CXCL5 expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:7. [PMID: 33640021 PMCID: PMC7913448 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-021-00135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNA) have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). CircCTNNA1 was found to be one of the upregulated circRNAs in CRC. However, there are few studies on circCTNNA1, so it is necessary to carry out further studies. Methods The expression of circCTNNA1, microRNA (miR)-363-3p, and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 5 (CXCL5) was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The protein levels of CXCL5 and metastasis markers were measured using western blot (WB) analysis. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, and invasion were determined by cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and transwell assay. The relationship between miR-363-3p and circCTNNA1 or CXCL5 was evaluated via dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. Animal study was performed to explore the function of circCTNNA1 on CRC tumorigenesis. Results CircCTNNA1 and CXCL5 were highly expressed in CRC. Knockdown of circCTNNA1 could inhibit the proliferation, cell cycle, metastasis, and promote the apoptosis of CRC cells. MiR-363-3p could be sponged by circCTNNA1, and the inhibition effect of circCTNNA1 silencing on CRC progression could be reversed by miR-363-3p inhibitor. Moreover, miR-363-3p could interact with CXCL5, and CXCL5 overexpression also could reverse the suppressive effect of miR-363-3p on CRC progression. Downregulation of circCTNNA1 also could hinder the tumor growth of CRC in vivo. Conclusion CircCTNNA1 enhanced CRC progression via regulating the miR-363-3p/CXCL5 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, 318020, China
| | - Sheng Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650011, China
| | - Nansheng Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, 318020, China
| | - Huifeng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, 318020, China
| | - Wenxiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, 318020, China
| | - Zhenxing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, 318020, China
| | - Deqing Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, No. 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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146
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Liang Y, Su Q, Wu X. Identification and Validation of a Novel Six-Gene Prognostic Signature of Stem Cell Characteristic in Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:571655. [PMID: 33680915 PMCID: PMC7933554 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.571655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells play crucial roles in the development of colon cancer (COAD). This study tried to explore new markers for predicting the prognosis of colon cancer based on stem cell-related genes. In our study, 424 COAD samples from TCGA were divided into three subtypes based on 412 stem cell-related genes; there were significant differences in prognosis, clinical characteristics, and immune scores between these subtypes. 694 genes were screened between subgroups. Subsequently a six-gene signature (DYDC2, MS4A15, MAGEA1, WNT7A, APOD, and SERPINE1) was established. This model had strong robustness and stable predictive performance in cohorts of different platforms. Taken together, the six-gene signature constructed in this study could be used as a novel prognostic marker for COAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Su
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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147
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Whole genome sequencing of metastatic colorectal cancer reveals prior treatment effects and specific metastasis features. Nat Commun 2021; 12:574. [PMID: 33495476 PMCID: PMC7835235 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20887-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to primary colorectal cancer (CRC) little is known about the genomic landscape of metastasized CRC. Here we present whole genome sequencing data of metastases of 429 CRC patients participating in the pan-cancer CPCT-02 study (NCT01855477). Unsupervised clustering using mutational signature patterns highlights three major patient groups characterized by signatures known from primary CRC, signatures associated with received prior treatments, and metastasis-specific signatures. Compared to primary CRC, we identify additional putative (non-coding) driver genes and increased frequencies in driver gene mutations. In addition, we identify specific genes preferentially affected by microsatellite instability. CRC-specific 1kb-10Mb deletions, enriched for common fragile sites, and LINC00672 mutations are associated with response to treatment in general, whereas FBXW7 mutations predict poor response specifically to EGFR-targeted treatment. In conclusion, the genomic landscape of mCRC shows defined changes compared to primary CRC, is affected by prior treatments and contains features with potential clinical relevance.
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148
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Breuer E, Hebeisen M, Schneider MA, Roth L, Pauli C, Frischer-Ordu K, Eden J, Pache B, Steffen T, Hübner M, Villeneuve L, Kepenekian V, Passot G, Gertsch P, Gupta A, Glehen O, Lehmann K. Site of Recurrence and Survival After Surgery for Colorectal Peritoneal Metastasis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:1027-1035. [PMID: 33484560 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimodal treatment, including systemic treatment and surgery, improved the prognosis of peritoneal metastasis (PM). Despite all efforts, recurrence rates remain high, and little data are available about clinical behavior or molecular patterns of PM in comparison to hematogenous metastasis. Here, we aimed to analyze recurrence patterns after multimodal treatment for PM from colorectal cancer. METHODS Patients with colorectal PM undergoing multimodal treatment including systemic chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) between 2005 and 2017 at 4 centers were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS A total of 505 patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC were analyzed. Of the patients, 82.1% received preoperative chemotherapy. Median peritoneal cancer index was 6 (interquartile range = 3-11). Median disease-free and overall survival was 12 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 11 to 14) months and 51 (95% CI = 43 to 62) months, respectively. Disease recurred in 361 (71.5%) patients, presenting as isolated peritoneal recurrence in 24.6%, isolated hematogenous recurrence in 28.3%, and mixed recurrence in 13.9% of patients. Recurrence to the peritoneum was associated with an impaired time from recurrence to death of 21 (95% CI = 18 to 31) months for isolated peritoneal and 22 (95% CI = 16 to 30) months for mixed recurrence, compared with 43 (95% CI = 31 to >121) months for hematogenous recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.27 to 2.53; P = .001; and HR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.61 to 3.79; P < .001). On multiple logistic regression analysis, RAS mutational status (odds ratio [OR] = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.11 to 5.47; P = .03) and positive nodal stage of the primary (OR = 3.88, 95% CI = 1.40 to 11.86; P = .01) were identified as predictive factors for peritoneal recurrence. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the heterogeneity of peritoneal metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer. Recurrent peritoneal metastasis after radical treatment represents a more aggressive subset of metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Breuer
- Department of Surgery & Transplantation, Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Hebeisen
- Department of Biostatistics at Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel André Schneider
- Department of Surgery & Transplantation, Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lilian Roth
- Department of Surgery & Transplantation, Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Pauli
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Frischer-Ordu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janina Eden
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital of St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Basile Pache
- Department of Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Steffen
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital of St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hübner
- Department of Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Villeneuve
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Vahan Kepenekian
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Passot
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Gertsch
- Department of Surgery & Transplantation, Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anurag Gupta
- Department of Surgery & Transplantation, Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Glehen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Kuno Lehmann
- Department of Surgery & Transplantation, Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
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Selection and characterisation of Affimers specific for CEA recognition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:744. [PMID: 33436840 PMCID: PMC7804248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is the only blood based protein biomarker at present, used for preoperative screening of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients to determine the appropriate curative treatments and post-surveillance screening for tumour recurrence. Current diagnostics for CRC detection have several limitations and development of a highly sensitive, specific and rapid diagnostic device is required. The majority of such devices developed to date are antibody-based and suffer from shortcomings including multimeric binding, cost and difficulties in mass production. To circumvent antibody-derived limitations, the present study focused on the development of Affimer proteins as a novel alternative binding reagent for CEA detection. Here, we describe the selection, from a phage display library, of Affimers specific to CEA protein. Characterization of three anti-CEA Affimers reveal that these bind specifically and selectively to protein epitopes of CEA from cell culture lysate and on fixed cells. Kinetic binding analysis by SPR show that the Affimers bind to CEA with high affinity and within the nM range. Therefore, they have substantial potential for used as novel affinity reagents in diagnostic imaging, targeted CRC therapy, affinity purification and biosensor applications.
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Bioinformatics analysis identifies COL1A1, THBS2 and SPP1 as potential predictors of patient prognosis and immunotherapy response in gastric cancer. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227392. [PMID: 33345281 PMCID: PMC7796188 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to use bioinformatics tools to explore pivotal genes associated with the occurrence of gastric cancer (GC) and assess their prognostic significance, and link with clinicopathological parameters. We also investigated the predictive role of COL1A1, THBS2, and SPP1 in immunotherapy. Materials and methods: We identified differential genes (DEGs) that were up- and down-regulated in the three datasets (GSE26942, GSE13911, and GSE118916) and created protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks from the overlapping DEGs. We then investigated the potential functions of the hub genes in cancer prognosis using PPI networks, and explored the influence of such genes in the immune environment. Results: Overall, 268 overlapping DEGs were identified, of which 230 were up-regulated and 38 were down-regulated. CytoHubba selected the top ten hub genes, which included SPP1, TIMP1, SERPINE1, MMP3, COL1A1, BGN, THBS2, CDH2, CXCL8, and THY1. With the exception of SPP1, survival analysis using the Kaplan–Meier database showed that the levels of expression of these genes were associated with overall survival. Genes in the most dominant module explored by MCODE, COL1A1, THBS2, and SPP1, were primarily enriched for two KEGG pathways. Further analysis showed that all three genes could influence clinicopathological parameters and immune microenvironment, and there was a significant correlation between COL1A1, THBS2, SPP1, and PD-L1 expression, thus indicating a potential predictive role for GC response to immunotherapy. Conclusion: ECM–receptor interactions and focal adhesion pathways are of great significance in the progression of GC. COL1A1, THBS2, and SPP1 may help predict immunotherapy response in GC patients.
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