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Welten S, Goossens E, Quax P, Nossent A. The multifactorial nature of microRNAs in vascular remodelling. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 110:6-22. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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102
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Cekaite L, Eide PW, Lind GE, Skotheim RI, Lothe RA. MicroRNAs as growth regulators, their function and biomarker status in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:6476-505. [PMID: 26623728 PMCID: PMC4872728 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is in part regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). This review summarizes the current knowledge of miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC); their role as growth regulators, the mechanisms that regulate the miRNAs themselves and the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers. Although thousands of tissue samples and bodily fluids from CRC patients have been investigated for biomarker potential of miRNAs (>160 papers presented in a comprehensive tables), none single miRNA nor miRNA expression signatures are in clinical use for this disease. More than 500 miRNA-target pairs have been identified in CRC and we discuss how these regulatory nodes interconnect and affect signaling pathways in CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cekaite
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter W. Eide
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro E. Lind
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf I. Skotheim
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild A. Lothe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
Recent investigations have highlighted the importance of the non-coding genome in regions of hypoxia in tumours. Such regions are frequently found in solid tumours, and are associated with worse patient survival and therapy resistance. Hypoxia stabilises the transcription factors, hypoxia inducible factors (HIF1α and HIF2α) which coordinate transcriptomic changes that occur in hypoxia. The changes in gene expression induced by HIF1α and HIF2α contribute to many of the hallmarks of cancer phenotypes and enable tumour growth, survival and invasion in the hypoxic tumour microenvironment. Non-coding RNAs, in particular microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate mRNA stability and translation, and long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which have diverse functions including chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation, are also important in enabling the key hypoxia regulated processes. They have roles in the regulation of metabolism, angiogenesis, autophagy, invasion and metastasis in the hypoxic microenvironment. Furthermore, HIF1α and HIF2α expression and stabilisation are also regulated by both miRNAs and lncRNAs. Here we review the recent developments in the expression, regulation and functions of miRNAs, lncRNAs and other non-coding RNA classes in tumour hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Alan McIntyre
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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104
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Correlation Between Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Evaluation of Extramural Vascular Invasion and Prognostic Parameters of T3 Stage Rectal Cancer. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2016; 40:537-42. [DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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105
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Liu J, Qu CB, Xue YX, Li Z, Wang P, Liu YH. MiR-143 enhances the antitumor activity of shikonin by targeting BAG3 expression in human glioblastoma stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:105-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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106
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. One of the fundamental processes driving the initiation and progression of CRC is the accumulation of a variety of genetic and epigenetic changes in colonic epithelial cells. Over the past decade, major advances have been made in our understanding of cancer epigenetics, particularly regarding aberrant DNA methylation, microRNA (miRNA) and noncoding RNA deregulation, and alterations in histone modification states. Assessment of the colon cancer "epigenome" has revealed that virtually all CRCs have aberrantly methylated genes and altered miRNA expression. The average CRC methylome has hundreds to thousands of abnormally methylated genes and dozens of altered miRNAs. As with gene mutations in the cancer genome, a subset of these epigenetic alterations, called driver events, are presumed to have a functional role in CRC. In addition, the advances in our understanding of epigenetic alterations in CRC have led to these alterations being developed as clinical biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications. Progress in this field suggests that these epigenetic alterations will be commonly used in the near future to direct the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75246-2017, USA
| | - William M. Grady
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ajay Goel
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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107
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Das AV, Pillai RM. Implications of miR cluster 143/145 as universal anti-oncomiRs and their dysregulation during tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:92. [PMID: 26425114 PMCID: PMC4588501 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a multistep process, de-regulated due to the imbalance of oncogenes as well as anti-oncogenes, resulting in disruption of tissue homeostasis. In many cases the effect of oncogenes and anti-oncogenes are mediated by various other molecules such as microRNAs. microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs established to post-transcriptionally regulate more than half of the protein coding genes. miR cluster 143/145 is one such cancer-related microRNA cluster which is down-regulated in most of the cancers and is able to hinder tumorigenesis by targeting tumor-associated genes. The fact that they could sensitize drug-resistant cancer cells by targeting multidrug resistant genes makes them potent tools to target cancer cells. Their low levels precede events which lead to cancer progression and therefore could be considered also as biomarkers to stage the disease. Interestingly, evidence suggests the existence of several in vivo mechanisms by which this cluster is differentially regulated at the molecular level to keep their levels low in cancer. In this review, we summarize the roles of miR cluster 143/145 in cancer, their potential prognostic applications and also their regulation during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani V Das
- Cancer Research Program-9, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud.P.O., Thiruvananthapuram-14, Kerala India
| | - Radhakrishna M Pillai
- Cancer Research Program-9, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud.P.O., Thiruvananthapuram-14, Kerala India
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108
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Overexpression of miRNA-497 inhibits tumor angiogenesis by targeting VEGFR2. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13827. [PMID: 26345385 PMCID: PMC4561885 DOI: 10.1038/srep13827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies reported miR-497 exhibited inhibitory effects in various cancers. However, whether miR-497 is involved in inhibiting angiogenesis, which is critical for tumor growth and metastasis, is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential role of miR-497 in tumor angiogenesis. In this work, cell proliferation and apoptosis analyses were conducted to explore the potential function of miR-497 in HUVECs by using MTT and TUNEL assays. Western blotting (WB) was employed to validate the downstream targets of miR-497. Furthermore, in order to disclose the role of miR-497 on angiogenesis, VEGFR2-luc transgenic mice were treated with miR-497 mimic and applied to monitor tumor angiogenesis and growth by in vivo bioluminescent imaging (BLI). The results demonstrated that overexpression of miR-497 showed inhibitory effects on VEGFR2 activation and downstream Raf/MEK/ERK signal pathways in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, overexpression of miR-497 effectively induced HUVECs apoptosis by targeting VEGFR2 and downstream PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, miR-497 exhibited anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor effects in the VEGFR2-luc breast tumor model proven by BLI, WB and immunohistochemistry analysis. In summary, miR-497 inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth via targeting VEGFR2, indicating miR-497 can be explored as a potential drug candidate for cancer therapy.
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109
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Liu Y, Zhu ST, Wang X, Deng J, Li WH, Zhang P, Liu BS. MiR-100 Inhibits Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion and Enhances Chemosensitivity by Targeting IGFIR. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2015; 15:NP40-8. [PMID: 26306402 DOI: 10.1177/1533034615601281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are highly conserved noncoding RNA that negatively modulate protein expression at a posttranscriptional and/or translational level. MicroRNAs play an important role in the development and progression of human cancers, including osteosarcoma. Recent studies have shown that miR-100 was downregulated in many cancers; however, the role of miR-100 in human osteosarcoma has not been totally elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that the expression of miR-100 was significantly downregulated in human osteosarcoma tissues compared to the adjacent tissues. Enforced expression of miR-100 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of osteosarcoma cells, U-2OS, and MG-63. Additionally, miR-100 also sensitized osteosarcoma cells to cisplatin and promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-100 decreased the expression of insulin-like growth factor I receptor and inhibited PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling. In human clinical specimens, insulin-like growth factor I receptor was inversely correlated with miR-100 in osteosarcoma tissues. Collectively, our results demonstrate that miR-100 is a tumor suppressor microRNA and indicate its potential application for the treatment of osteosarcoma in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shu-Tao Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei-Hua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Bing-Shan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Jafri MA, Zaidi SK, Ansari SA, Al-Qahtani MH, Shay JW. MicroRNAs as potential drug targets for therapeutic intervention in colorectal cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1705-23. [PMID: 26189482 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1069816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (19 - 22 nucleotide), non-protein-coding RNA segments that function as master regulators of hundreds of genes simultaneously in both normal and malignant cells. In colorectal cancer (CRC) miRNAs are deregulated and have critical roles in initiation and progression of CRC by interacting with various oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes including APC, KRAS and p53, or by modulating downstream signal transduction pathways. Numerous promising miRNAs have emerged as potential drug targets for therapeutic intervention and possible candidates for replacement therapy in CRC. AREAS COVERED In this review the authors summarize the available information on miRNAs and their role in CRC. The authors point out specific miRNAs as potential drug targets and those having a significant role in gene activation and gene silencing during the process of CRC development, to highlight their importance as possible therapeutic candidates for the treatment of CRC. EXPERT OPINION Targeting miRNAs provides an emerging opportunity to develop effective miRNA-based replacement therapy or antagonists to alter expression in colon cancer patient tumors. However, the biggest challenge is to overcome obstacles associated with pharmacokinetics, delivery and toxicity in order to translate the potential of miRNAs into efficacious anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alam Jafri
- a 1 King Abdulaziz University, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Kashif Zaidi
- a 1 King Abdulaziz University, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakeel Ahmed Ansari
- a 1 King Abdulaziz University, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jerry W Shay
- a 1 King Abdulaziz University, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,b 2 UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology , Dallas, TX, USA +1 214 648 4201 ; +1 214 648 5814 ;
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111
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Martinez-Balibrea E, Martínez-Cardús A, Ginés A, Ruiz de Porras V, Moutinho C, Layos L, Manzano JL, Bugés C, Bystrup S, Esteller M, Abad A. Tumor-Related Molecular Mechanisms of Oxaliplatin Resistance. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1767-76. [PMID: 26184483 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin was the first platinum drug with proven activity against colorectal tumors, becoming a standard in the management of this malignancy. It is also considered for the treatment of pancreatic and gastric cancers. However, a major reason for treatment failure still is the existence of tumor intrinsic or acquired resistance. Consequently, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the appearance of this phenomenon to find ways of circumventing it and to improve and optimize treatments. This review will be focused on recent discoveries about oxaliplatin tumor-related resistance mechanisms, including alterations in transport, detoxification, DNA damage response and repair, cell death (apoptotic and nonapoptotic), and epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Martinez-Balibrea
- Medical Oncology Service, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Health Sciences Research Institute of the Germans Trias i Pujol Foundation (IGTP). Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Anna Martínez-Cardús
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alba Ginés
- Health Sciences Research Institute of the Germans Trias i Pujol Foundation (IGTP). Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vicenç Ruiz de Porras
- Health Sciences Research Institute of the Germans Trias i Pujol Foundation (IGTP). Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Catia Moutinho
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Layos
- Medical Oncology Service, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José Luis Manzano
- Medical Oncology Service, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Bugés
- Medical Oncology Service, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Health Sciences Research Institute of the Germans Trias i Pujol Foundation (IGTP). Badalona, Catalonia, Spain. Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Oncology Unit, Hospital CIMA Sanitas, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sara Bystrup
- Health Sciences Research Institute of the Germans Trias i Pujol Foundation (IGTP). Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Abad
- Medical Oncology Service, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Health Sciences Research Institute of the Germans Trias i Pujol Foundation (IGTP). Badalona, Catalonia, Spain. Oncology Unit, Hospital CIMA Sanitas, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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112
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Wang L, Shi ZM, Jiang CF, Liu X, Chen QD, Qian X, Li DM, Ge X, Wang XF, Liu LZ, You YP, Liu N, Jiang BH. MiR-143 acts as a tumor suppressor by targeting N-RAS and enhances temozolomide-induced apoptosis in glioma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5416-27. [PMID: 24980823 PMCID: PMC4170647 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic applications of microRNAs (miRNAs) in RAS-driven glioma were valuable, but their specific roles and functions have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we firstly report that miR-143 directly targets the neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (N-RAS) and functions as a tumor-suppressor in glioma. Overexpression of miR-143 decreased the expression of N-RAS, inhibited PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK signaling, and attenuated the accumulation of p65 in nucleus of glioma cells. In human clinical specimens, miR-143 was downregulated where an adverse with N-RAS expression was observed. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-143 decreased glioma cell migration, invasion, tube formation and slowed tumor growth and angiogenesis in a manner associated with N-RAS downregulation in vitro and in vivo. Finally, miR-143 also sensitizes glioma cells to temozolomide (TMZ),the first-line drug for glioma treatment. Taken together, for the first time, our results demonstrate that miR-143 plays a significant role in inactivating the RAS signaling pathway through the inhibition of N-RAS, which may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of glioma and other RAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Zhu-Mei Shi
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Cheng-Fei Jiang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiu-Dan Chen
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Qian
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong-Mei Li
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Ge
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xie-Feng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Yong-Ping You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing-Hua Jiang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
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113
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Gong Y, Ren J, Liu K, Tang LM. Tumor suppressor role of miR-133a in gastric cancer by repressing IGF1R. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:2949-2958. [PMID: 25780292 PMCID: PMC4356914 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i10.2949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the function and mechanism of miR-133a in gastric cancer (GC) and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics of GC.
METHODS: A total of 105 GC patients who underwent surgical resection as primary treatment were selected for this study. Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain (qRT-PCR) was used to examine the expression levels of miR-133a in human GC and adjacent non-tumor tissues, as well as in GC cell lines (SGC-7901, BGC-823, MGC-803, and AGS) and a human gastric mucosal epithelial cell line (GES-1). The biological role of miRNA (miR)-133a was assessed in the GC cell lines using MTT, apoptosis, migration and invasion, and colony formation assays, and xenograft tumorigenesis. qRT-PCR and western blot analyses were used to evaluate the potential target gene expression of miR-133a. Pearson’s correlation was calculated to evaluate the correlation between miR-133a and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) expression. The regulation of IGF1R by miR-133a was verified using the luciferase reporter assay.
RESULTS: In 80% of the 105 GC patients, the mean expression of miR-133a was significantly downregulated in tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues (1.215 ± 0.1477 vs 3.093 ± 0.4104, P < 0.0001). Downregulation of miR-133a was significantly correlated with the degree of differentiation (P = 0.01), local invasion (P = 0.001) and TNM stage (P = 0.02) in GC patients. Compared with a control construct, forced expression of miR-133a in GC cell lines inhibited proliferation (0.4787 ± 0.0219 vs 0.7050 ± 0.0147, P = 0.0013 in SGC-7901 cells; and 0.5448 ± 0.0085 vs 0.7270 ± 0.0084, P = 0.001 in MGC-803 cells); migration (0.6333 ± 0.0233 vs 1.037 ± 0.0584, P = 0.003 in SGC-7901 cells; 0.6126 ± 0.0311 vs 1.024 ± 0.0456, P = 0.0017 in MGC-803 cells); and invasion (0.613 ± 0.0399 vs 1.033 ± 0.0278, P = 0.0013 in SGC-7901 cells; 0.7433 ± 0.0221 vs 1.017 ± 0.0311, P = 0.002 in MGC-803 cells). It also induced apoptosis (18.19% ± 0.2483% vs 5.887% ± 0.3837%, P < 0.0001 in SGC-7901 cells; 22.69% ± 0.7846% vs 9.347% ± 0.3012%, P < 0.0001 in MGC-803 cells). Furthermore, miR-133a inhibited tumor growth and xenograft tumorigenesis of SGC -7901 cells in vivo. In addition, we identified IGF1R as a regulatory target of miR-133a in GC.
CONCLUSION: This study suggests that miR-133a is downregulated in GC and functions as a tumor suppressor in vitro and in vivo partly by repressing IGF1R.
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114
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Weng W, Feng J, Qin H, Ma Y, Goel A. An update on miRNAs as biological and clinical determinants in colorectal cancer: a bench-to-bedside approach. Future Oncol 2015; 11:1791-808. [PMID: 26075447 PMCID: PMC4489702 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinogenesis represents a sequential progression of normal colonic mucosa from adenoma to carcinoma. It has become apparent that miRNA deregulation contributes to the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). These oncogenic or tumor-suppressive miRNAs interact with intracellular signaling networks and lead to alteration of cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis and even response to chemotherapeutic treatments. This article aims to review the cutting edge progress in the discovery of the role of novel mechanisms for miRNAs in the development of CRC. We will also discuss the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. Furthermore, with advancements in RNA delivery technology, it is anticipated that manipulation of miRNAs may offer an alternative therapy for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Weng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Junlan Feng
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yanlei Ma
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research & Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention & Cancer Genomics, Baylor Research Institute & Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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115
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Dai X, Tan C. Combination of microRNA therapeutics with small-molecule anticancer drugs: mechanism of action and co-delivery nanocarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 81:184-97. [PMID: 25281917 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate multiple molecular pathways vital for the hallmarks of cancer with a high degree of biochemical specificity and potency. By restoring tumor suppressive miRNAs or ablating oncomiRs, miRNA-based therapies can sensitize cancer cells to conventional cytotoxins and the molecularly targeted drugs by promoting apoptosis and autophagy, reverting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, suppressing tumor angiogenesis, and downregulating efflux transporters. The development of miRNA-based therapeutics in combination with small-molecule anticancer drugs provides an unprecedented opportunity to counteract chemoresistance and improve treatment outcome in a broad range of human cancers. This review summarizes the mechanisms and advantages for the combination therapies involving miRNAs and small-molecule drugs, as well as the recent advances in the co-delivery nanocarriers for these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dai
- Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Chalet Tan
- Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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Tanaka S, Hosokawa M, Yonezawa T, Hayashi W, Ueda K, Iwakawa S. Induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and down-regulation of miR-200c and miR-141 in oxaliplatin-resistant colorectal cancer cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2014; 38:435-40. [PMID: 25757925 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and changes in the expression of the microRNA-200 (miR-200) family were examined in the human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line SW620 with acquired oxaliplatin (L-OHP) resistance. Two CRC cell lines, SW480, derived from primary CRC, and SW620, derived from lymph node metastasis, which were obtained from the same patient, were used in the present study. L-OHP-resistant SW620 cells were obtained by exposure to L-OHP for 155 d. The concentration of L-OHP was increased to 80 µM in a stepwise manner. The IC50 value of L-OHP was increased 16-fold in L-OHP-resistant SW620 cells, which also displayed mesenchymal cell-like characteristics, such as the down-regulation of E-cadherin and up-regulation of vimentin. However, L-OHP-resistant SW480 cells were not obtained when the concentration of L-OHP was increased in a similar stepwise manner. The expression levels of members of the miR-200 family (miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-429, miR-200c, and miR-141) were significantly higher in SW480 cells than in SW620 cells. The expression levels of miR-200c and miR-141 were significantly lower in L-OHP-resistant SW620 cells than in control SW620 cells. L-OHP-resistant SW620 cells did not exhibit cross-resistance to other anti-cancer drugs used to treat CRC, such as 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, and the active metabolite of irinotecan (SN-38). These results suggest that the down-regulated expression of miR-200c and miR-141 plays a role in selective resistance to L-OHP and EMT in CRC cells during repeated treatments with L-OHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
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117
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Teng Y, Zhang R, Liu C, Zhou L, Wang H, Zhuang W, Huang Y, Hong Z. miR-143 inhibits interleukin-13-induced inflammatory cytokine and mucus production in nasal epithelial cells from allergic rhinitis patients by targeting IL13Rα1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 457:58-64. [PMID: 25529447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common chronic inflammatory condition of the nasal mucosal tissue. The interleukin-13 (IL-13) signaling pathway is of great importance in the pathogenesis of AR. However, how the signaling molecules in this pathway are regulated, particularly through microRNAs (miRNAs), remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the regulatory role and mechanism of miRNA-143 (miR-143) in IL-13-induced inflammatory cytokine and mucus production in nasal epithelial cells (NECs) from AR patients. Our results showed that forced expression of miR-143 significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), eotaxin and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in IL-13-stimulated NECs. Moreover, we confirmed that miR-143 directly targeted and significantly suppressed IL-13 receptor α1 chain (IL13Rα1) gene expression. This study thus suggests that miR-143 regulation of IL-13-induced inflammatory cytokine and mucus production in NECs from AR patients probably partly depends on inhibition of IL13Rα1. Therefore, the IL13Rα1 signaling pathway may be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of AR by miR-143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoshu Teng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ruxin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Chunhui Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wenjie Zhuang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhicong Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Tian S, Su X, Qi L, Jin XH, Hu Y, Wang CL, Ma X, Xia HF. MiR-143 and rat embryo implantation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:708-21. [PMID: 25486623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the role of miR-143 during embryo implantation in rat. METHODS MiR-143 expression in rat early pregnancy was detected by Northern blot. The relation between miR-143 and Lifr predicted and confirmed by bioinformatics method, dual-luciferase activity assay, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The role of miR-143 was detected by MTS, Edu and ranswell chamber assays. RESULTS The expression level of miR-143 on gestation day 5-8 (g.d. 5-8) was higher than on g.d. 3-4 in uteri of pregnant rat. MiR-143 was mainly localized in the superficial stroma/primary decidual zone, luminal and glandular epithelia. The expression of miR-143 was not significantly influenced by pseudopregnancy, but the activation of delayed implantation and experimentally induced decidualization significantly promoted miR-143 expression. Over-expression of miR-143 in human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Knockdown of miR-143 promoted cell proliferation and invasion. The results of recombinant luciferase reporters showed that miR-143 could bind to the 3¢-untranslated region (UTR) of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (Lifr) to inhibit Lifr translation. CONCLUSIONS Uterine miR-143 may be involved in the successful pregnancy, especially during the process of blastocyst implantation through regulating Lifr. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study may have the potential to provide new insights into the understanding of miR-143 function during embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Tian
- Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Xing Su
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Jin
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chun-Ling Wang
- Cadre Ward, China Mei-Tan General Hospital, Beijing 100028, China.
| | - Xu Ma
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Hong-Fei Xia
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
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119
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Okugawa Y, Toiyama Y, Goel A. An update on microRNAs as colorectal cancer biomarkers: where are we and what's next? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 14:999-1021. [PMID: 25163355 PMCID: PMC4374444 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.946907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
miRNAs are abundant classes of small, endogenous non-coding RNAs, which inhibit the expression of target gene via post-transcriptional regulation. In addition to an important functional role miRNAs play in carcinogenesis, emerging evidence has demonstrated their feasibility as robust cancer biomarkers. In particular, the recent discovery of miRNAs in the body fluids provides an attractive opportunity for the development of non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis and predictive response to cancer therapy. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and accumulating data provides a compelling case for the potential exploitation of miRNAs as CRC-biomarkers. This review summarizes the current state of literature in the field, focusing on the clinical relevance of miRNAs as potential biomarkers for CRC treatment and discussing the forthcoming challenges to further advance this exciting field of 'academic research' into 'bedside clinical care' of patients suffering from CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75246-2017, USA
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75246-2017, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Ajay Goel
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75246-2017, USA
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120
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Wei J, Ma Z, Li Y, Zhao B, Wang D, Jin Y, Jin Y. miR-143 inhibits cell proliferation by targeting autophagy-related 2B in non-small cell lung cancer H1299 cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:571-6. [PMID: 25322940 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non‑coding RNAs involved in multiple biological pathways by regulating post-transcriptional gene expression. Previously, autophagy has been reported to suppress the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, how miRNAs regulate autophagy in NSCLC remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the autophagy gene, autophagy-related 2B (ATG2B), was identified as a novel target of miR-143. The overexpression of miR-143 was able to downregulate the expression of atg2b at the transcriptional and translational levels by direct binding to its 3' untranslated region. Cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by the ectopic expression of miR-143 in H1299 cells. Knockdown of ATG2B resulted in a similar phenotype, with the overexpression of miR-143 in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, knockdown of ATG2B and hexokinase 2, a key enzyme in glycolysis and another target of miR-143, co-ordinated to inhibit the proliferation of H1299 cells. The results of the present study demonstrated that miR-143 was a novel and important regulator of autophagy by targeting ATG2B and repression of gene expression in autophagy and high glycolysis had a coordinate effect in H1299 cells. These results suggested that ATG2B may be a new potential therapeutic target for NSCLC. Furthermore, it was implied that interrupting autophagy and glycolysis improves NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Zhongliang Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Botao Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Detao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jin
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Youxin Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
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121
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Chen DL, Wang ZQ, Zeng ZL, Wu WJ, Zhang DS, Luo HY, Wang F, Qiu MZ, Wang DS, Ren C, Wang FH, Chiao LJ, Pelicano H, Huang P, Li YH, Xu RH. Identification of microRNA-214 as a negative regulator of colorectal cancer liver metastasis by way of regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 expression. Hepatology 2014; 60:598-609. [PMID: 24616020 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in the pathology of colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis and investigate their underlying mechanisms. A total of 39 miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed between 16 primary CRC tissues with liver metastases and 16 CRC tissues without liver metastases from 32 patients by Affymetric miRNA microarrays. A panel of eight miRNAs were confirmed to be significantly and differentially expressed between CRC tissues with and without liver metastases through quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis in the 32 patients. In a validated cohort of 99 CRC patients (44 with and 55 without liver metastases), only miR-214 was validated to be significantly down-regulated in CRC with liver metastases, which was associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Ectopic expression of miR-214 suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, tumor growth and liver metastasis in an in vivo xenograft mouse model, whereas miR-214 knockdown promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion in CRC cell lines. Further studies indicated that fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) was a potential target of miR-214. Restoring miR-214 expression in CRC cells decreased endogenous FGFR1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. FGFR1 knockdown mimicked the tumor suppressive effect of miR-214 on CRC cells, while reintroduction of FGFR1 abolished the tumor suppressive effect of miR-214 on CRC cells. Moreover, miR-214 expression levels were inversely correlated with FGFR1 in CRC patients. CONCLUSION Down-regulation of miR-214 expression was correlated with increased FGFR1 expression levels, which may contribute to increased CRC liver metastasis. miR-214 may serve as a potential marker to predict survival, and the miR-214-FGFR1 axis may be a therapeutic target in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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miR-143 inhibits NSCLC cell growth and metastasis by targeting Limk1. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:11973-83. [PMID: 25003638 PMCID: PMC4139824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150711973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have essential roles in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Here, we investigated the roles and mechanisms of miR-143 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). miR-143 was significantly decreased in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-143 suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and inhibited migration and invasion in vitro. Integrated analysis identified LIM domain kinase 1 (Limk1) as a direct and functional target of miR-143. Overexpression of Limk1 attenuated the tumor suppressive effects of miR-143 in NSCLC cells. Moreover, miR-143 was inversely correlated with Limk1 expression in NSCLC tissues. Together, our results highlight the significance of miR-143 and Limk1 in the development and progression of NSCLC.
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123
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Wang X, Wang Y, Lan H, Li J. MiR-195 inhibits the growth and metastasis of NSCLC cells by targeting IGF1R. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8765-70. [PMID: 24874051 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs which act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in multiple human cancers. Accumulating evidence reveals that aberrant expression of miRNAs contributes to the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we identified miR-195 as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC cells, whose expression level was dramatically decreased in both NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-195 suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation and metastasis-related traits in vitro. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) was identified as a direct target of miR-195 in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, restoration of IGF1R remarkably attenuated the tumor suppressive effects of miR-195 on NSCLC cells. Our data suggest that miR-195 may be involved in the carcinogenesis of NSCLC partially by targeting IGF1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Cardiothroracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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124
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Chen Y, Ma C, Zhang W, Chen Z, Ma L. Down regulation of miR-143 is related with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and HPV16 infection in cervical squamous cancer. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:88. [PMID: 24774218 PMCID: PMC4039059 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study is to investigate the role of miR-143 expression in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods The expression level of miR-143 was examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype was detected by HPV genotype detection kit. The expression level of bcl-2 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The positive rate of HPV was 78% in the patients of cervical SCC. The most prevalent genotype was HPV16, with a positive rate of 42%. The expression level of miR-143 was significantly lower in the cervical SCC tissues than that in the normal cervical tissues (Z = −2.180, P = 0.029). Down-regulated miR-143 expression was associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and HPV16 infection in cervical cancer patients. No significant associations were found between the expression levels of miR-143 and age, clinical stage, differentiation or lymph vascular space invasion. And, in cervical SCC patients after treatment with Taxol chemotherapy, the expression level of miR-143 was higher and the positive expression of bcl-2 protein was lower. However, the differences in expression changes of miR-143 and bcl-2 were not statistically significant (miR-143, Z = −0.763, P = 0.446; bcl-2 protein, χ2 = 2.277, P = 0.131). Conclusion Down-regulated miR-143 is related with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and HPV16 infection in cervical SCC, but miR-143 does not participate in the Taxol sensitivity response. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1401279451112150.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cailing Ma
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P,R, China.
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125
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Ye JJ, Cao J. MicroRNAs in colorectal cancer as markers and targets: Recent advances. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:4288-4299. [PMID: 24764666 PMCID: PMC3989964 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i15.4288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are evolutionarily conserved small non-coding RNA molecules encoded by eukaryotic genomic DNA, and function in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via base-pairing with complementary sequences in target mRNAs, resulting in translational repression or degradation of target mRNAs. They represent one of the major types of epigenetic modification and play important roles in all aspects of cellular activities. Altered expression of microRNAs has been found in various human diseases including cancer. Many efforts have been made to discover the characteristic microRNA expression profiles, to understand the roles of aberrantly expressed microRNAs and underlying mechanisms in different cancers. With the application of DNA microarray, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and other molecular biology techniques, increasing evidence has been accumulated which reveal that aberrant microRNAs can be detected not only intracellularly within the cancer cells, but also extracellularly in plasma of patients, postulating the potential of aberrant microRNAs as promising diagnostic/prognostic markers and attracting therapeutic targets. This review is intended to provide the most recent advances in microRNA studies in one of the most common cancers, colorectal cancer, especially the identification of those specifically altered microRNAs in colorectal cancer, validation for their relevance to clinical pathological parameters of patients, functional analyses and potential applications of these microRNAs.
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Chen S, Zhang J, Duan L, Zhang Y, Li C, Liu D, Ouyang C, Lu F, Liu X. Identification of HnRNP M as a novel biomarker for colorectal carcinoma by quantitative proteomics. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 306:G394-403. [PMID: 24381081 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00328.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, and identification of new CRC biomarkers will be helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC. For isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis, fresh CRC and adjacent, colonic adenoma, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and noncancerous colonic epithelial tissue were obtained from patients at the 2nd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China. The function of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M (HnRNP M) during the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of CRC cells in vitro was evaluated. One hundred and twenty-six differentially expressed proteins were identified by iTRAQ analysis. The expression of HnRNP M exhibited progressive changes during the carcinogenic process and was validated by Western blot. The upregulation of HnRNP M correlated with cancer recurrence and regional lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, biological role exploration suggests that HnRNP M positively regulates cell cycle progression, promotes cell growth and invasion in vitro, and increases the colony-forming ability of LS174T cells. The present data demonstrate that the upregulation of HnRNP M is involved in human colorectal epithelial carcinogenesis and may serve as a carcinoma biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuijiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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127
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Josse C, Bouznad N, Geurts P, Irrthum A, Huynh-Thu VA, Servais L, Hego A, Delvenne P, Bours V, Oury C. Identification of a microRNA landscape targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in inflammation-induced colorectal carcinogenesis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 306:G229-43. [PMID: 24464560 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00484.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation can contribute to tumor formation; however, markers that predict progression are still lacking. In the present study, the well-established azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of colitis-associated cancer was used to analyze microRNA (miRNA) modulation accompanying inflammation-induced tumor development and to determine whether inflammation-triggered miRNA alterations affect the expression of genes or pathways involved in cancer. A miRNA microarray experiment was performed to establish miRNA expression profiles in mouse colon at early and late time points during inflammation and/or tumor growth. Chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis were associated with distinct changes in miRNA expression. Nevertheless, prediction algorithms of miRNA-mRNA interactions and computational analyses based on ranked miRNA lists consistently identified putative target genes that play essential roles in tumor growth or that belong to key carcinogenesis-related signaling pathways. We identified PI3K/Akt and the insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) as major pathways being affected in the AOM/DSS model. DSS-induced chronic inflammation downregulates miR-133a and miR-143/145, which is reportedly associated with human colorectal cancer and PI3K/Akt activation. Accordingly, conditioned medium from inflammatory cells decreases the expression of these miRNA in colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells. Overexpression of miR-223, one of the main miRNA showing strong upregulation during AOM/DSS tumor growth, inhibited Akt phosphorylation and IGF-1R expression in these cells. Cell sorting from mouse colons delineated distinct miRNA expression patterns in epithelial and myeloid cells during the periods preceding and spanning tumor growth. Hence, cell-type-specific miRNA dysregulation and subsequent PI3K/Akt activation may be involved in the transition from intestinal inflammation to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Josse
- GIGA-Research, Human Genetics Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Xin C, Zhang H, Liu Z. miR-154 suppresses colorectal cancer cell growth and motility by targeting TLR2. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 387:271-7. [PMID: 24242044 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play critical roles in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). miR-154 acts as a tumor suppressor in several tumors; however, its role in CRC is poorly understood. Herein, we found that miR-154 was decreased in CRC tissues and cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-154 remarkably suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation, migration and invasion in CRC cells. The toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) was found to be a direct target of miR-154 in CRC cells. Inhibition of TLR2 performed similar effects with miR-154 overexpression on CRC cells, and overexpression of TLR2 could significantly reverse the tumor suppressive effects of miR-154 on CRC cells. This study suggests an essential role for miR-154 in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoguang Xin
- Anus-Intestines Department, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, 163000, China
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129
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Zhang JX, Song W, Chen ZH, Wei JH, Liao YJ, Lei J, Hu M, Chen GZ, Liao B, Lu J, Zhao HW, Chen W, He YL, Wang HY, Xie D, Luo JH. Prognostic and predictive value of a microRNA signature in stage II colon cancer: a microRNA expression analysis. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14:1295-306. [PMID: 24239208 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current staging methods do not accurately predict the risk of disease recurrence and benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients who have had surgery for stage II colon cancer. We postulated that expression patterns of multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) could, if combined into a single model, improve postoperative risk stratification and prediction of chemotherapy benefit for these patients. METHOD Using miRNA microarrays, we analysed 40 paired stage II colon cancer tumours and adjacent normal mucosa tissues, and identified 35 miRNAs that were differentially expressed between tumours and normal tissue. Using paraffin-embedded specimens from a further 138 patients with stage II colon cancer, we confirmed differential expression of these miRNAs using qRT-PCR. We then built a six-miRNA-based classifier using the LASSO Cox regression model, based on the association between the expression of every miRNA and the duration of individual patients' disease-free survival. We validated the prognostic and predictive accuracy of this classifier in both the internal testing group of 138 patients, and an external independent group of 460 patients. FINDINGS Using the LASSO model, we built a classifier based on the six miRNAs: miR-21-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-103a-3p, miR-106b-5p, miR-143-5p, and miR-215. Using this tool, we were able to classify patients between those at high risk of disease progression (high-risk group), and those at low risk of disease progression (low-risk group). Disease-free survival was significantly different between these groups in every set of patients. In the initial training group of patients, 5-year disease-free survival was 89% (95% CI 77·3-94·4) for the low-risk group, and 60% (46·3-71·0) for the high-risk group (hazard ratio [HR] 4·24, 95% CI 2·13-8·47; p<0·0001). In the internal testing set of patients, 5-year disease-free survival was 85% (95% CI 74·3-91·8) for the low-risk group, and 57% (42·8-68·5) for the high-risk group (HR 3·63, 1·86-7·01; p<0·0001), and in the independent validation set of patients, was 85% (79·6-89·0) for the low-risk group and 54% (46·4-61·1) for the high-risk group (HR 3·70, 2·56-5·35; p<0·0001). The six-miRNA-based classifier was an independent prognostic factor for, and had better prognostic value than, clinicopathological risk factors and mismatch repair status. In an ad-hoc analysis, the patients in the high-risk group were found to have a favourable response to adjuvant chemotherapy (HR 1·69, 1·17-2·45; p=0·0054). We developed two nomograms for clinical use that integrated the six-miRNA-based classifier and four clinicopathological risk factors to predict which patients might benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery for stage II colon cancer. CONCLUSION Our six-miRNA-based classifier is a reliable prognostic and predictive tool for disease recurrence in patients with stage II colon cancer, and might be able to predict which patients benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. It might facilitate patient counselling and individualise management of patients with this disease. FUNDING Natural Science Foundation of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xing Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Kang H, Kim C, Lee H, Kim W, Lee EK. Post-transcriptional controls by ribonucleoprotein complexes in the acquisition of drug resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:17204-20. [PMID: 23965981 PMCID: PMC3759960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140817204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of drug resistance leads to failure of anti-cancer treatments and therapies. Although several successive chemotherapies are available, along with efforts towards clinical applications of new anti-cancer drugs, it is generally realized that there is a long way to go to treat cancers. Resistance to anti-cancer drugs results from various factors, including genetic as well as epigenetic differences in tumors. Determining the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for the acquisition of drug resistance may be a helpful approach for the development of new therapeutic strategies to overcome treatment failure. Several studies have shown that the acquisition of drug resistance is tightly regulated by post-transcriptional regulators such as RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), which change the stability and translation of mRNAs encoding factors involved in cell survival, proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and drug metabolism. Here, we review our current understanding of ribonucleoprotein complexes, including RBPs and miRNAs, which play critical roles in the acquisition of drug resistance and have potential clinical implications for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoin Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea; E-Mails: (H.K.); (C.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Chongtae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea; E-Mails: (H.K.); (C.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Heejin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea; E-Mails: (H.K.); (C.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (W.K.); (E.K.L.); Tel.: +82-31-219-2513 (W.K.); +82-2-2258-7295 (E.K.L.); Fax: +82-31-219-1610 (W.K.); +82-2-596-4435 (E.K.L.)
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea; E-Mails: (H.K.); (C.K.); (H.L.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (W.K.); (E.K.L.); Tel.: +82-31-219-2513 (W.K.); +82-2-2258-7295 (E.K.L.); Fax: +82-31-219-1610 (W.K.); +82-2-596-4435 (E.K.L.)
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