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Zhao Y, Yang A, Tu P, Hu Z. Anti-tumor effects of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Chin Med 2017; 12:26. [PMID: 28919922 PMCID: PMC5596864 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-017-0149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the incidence of cancer has been on the rise due to increasing exposure to various carcinogenic factors in recent years, cancer has gradually become the first killer to the health of human beings. A growing attention has been paid to anti-cancer effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with low toxicity and good efficacy. As a kind of TCM, Periplaneta americana (P. americana) has a good effect on clinical application, and its anti-tumor effects has been increasingly well studied. In this review, the research progress on the anti-tumor effects of P. americana was summarized. The main mechanisms of its anti-tumor effects include suppression of tumor cell growth, induction of cell cycle arrest and tumor cell apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, enhancement of immunity, and reversal of tumor drug resistance. This review aims to provide an overview of the research on anti-tumor effects of P. americana and aids in its further application as an anti-tumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Ailin Yang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029 China
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Chien MH, Chow JM, Lee WJ, Chen HY, Tan P, Wen YC, Lin YW, Hsiao PC, Yang SF. Tricetin Induces Apoptosis of Human Leukemic HL-60 Cells through a Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Activation Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081667. [PMID: 28758971 PMCID: PMC5578057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tricetin is a dietary flavonoid with cytostatic properties and antimetastatic activities in various solid tumors. The anticancer effect of tricetin in nonsolid tumors remains unclear. Herein, the molecular mechanisms by which tricetin exerts its anticancer effects on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells were investigated. Results showed that tricetin inhibited cell viability in various types of AML cell lines. Tricetin induced morphological features of apoptosis such as chromatin condensation and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, and significantly activated proapoptotic signaling including caspase-8, -9, and -3 activation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in HL-60 AML cells. Of note, tricetin-induced cell growth inhibition was dramatically reversed by a pan caspase and caspase-8- and -9-specific inhibitors, suggesting that this compound mainly acts through a caspase-dependent pathway. Moreover, treatment of HL-60 cells with tricetin induced sustained activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and inhibition of ERK and JNK by their specific inhibitors respectively promoted and abolished tricetin-induced cell apoptosis. Dichlorofluorescein (DCF) staining showed that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were higher in tricetin-treated HL-60 cells compared to the control group. Moreover, an ROS scavenger, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), reversed tricetin-induced JNK activation and subsequent cell apoptosis. In conclusion, our results indicated that tricetin induced cell death of leukemic HL-60 cells through induction of intracellular oxidative stress following activation of a JNK-mediated apoptosis pathway. A combination of tricetin and an ERK inhibitor may be a better strategy to enhance the anticancer activities of tricetin in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
| | - Jyh-Ming Chow
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Yu Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Peng Tan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ching Wen
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Ching Hsiao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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103
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Salehi F, Behboudi H, Kavoosi G, Ardestani SK. Monitoring ZEO apoptotic potential in 2D and 3D cell cultures and associated spectroscopic evidence on mode of interaction with DNA. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2553. [PMID: 28566685 PMCID: PMC5451462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognizing new anticancer compounds to improve Breast cancer treatment seems crucial. Essential oil of Zataria Multiflora (ZEO) is a secondary metabolite with some biological properties, yet underlying cellular and molecular anticancer properties of ZEO is unclear. GC/MS analysis revealed that carvacrol is the major ingredient of the essential oil. ZEO increasingly suppressed viability in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and T47D Breast cancer cells while nontoxic to L929 normal cells in monolayer cell cultures (2D), whereas MDA-MB-231 multicellular spheroids (3D) were more resistant to inhibition. ZEO significantly induced cell apoptosis confirmed by fluorescent staining, flow cytometry analysis and DNA fragmentation in MDA-MB-231 2D and 3D cell cultures. ZEO increased ROS generation and subsequent loss of ΔΨm, caspase 3 activation and DNA damage which consequently caused G1 and G2/M cell cycle arrest in a dose- and time-dependent manner in 2D. S phase arrest occurred in cell spheroids therefore ZEO possible DNA interaction with gDNA was investigated and revealed ZEO binds DNA via intercalation. Altogether, these data corroborate anticancer properties of ZEO and suggest that cell culture format (2D monolayer vs. 3D spheroid) plays a critical role in drug response and provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying ZEO cytotoxicity effect on Breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Salehi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Behboudi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sussan K Ardestani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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104
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Emerging Cytotoxic Alkaloids in the Battle against Cancer: Overview of Molecular Mechanisms. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020250. [PMID: 28208712 PMCID: PMC6155614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Considered as the second deadliest disease globally, cancer has captured the attention of researchers who have been trying with perseverance to decode its hidden aspects, to find new prognosis methods, and to develop better and more effective treatments. Plants have continuously offered an excess of unique secondary metabolites with remarkable biological applications. Alkaloids, one of the most abundant metabolites, constitute a large conglomerate of basic heterocyclic nitrogen-containing natural compounds which are normally produced by plants as toxic substances. Out of the 27,000 different alkaloids, more than 17,000 have displayed diversified pharmacological properties including anticancer activities. These metabolites have been classified either according to their chemical structures or their taxonomic origin. None of the researched alkaloids have been classified according to their molecular mechanism of action against cancer. In fact, only a fraction of the tremendous number of anticancer alkaloids has been copiously mentioned in journals. Here, we aim to provide a summary of the literature on some of the promising anticancer alkaloids that have not been well discussed previously and to classify them according to their molecular mechanisms of action. This review will provide a better understanding of the anticancer mechanisms of these promising natural products that are a rich reservoir for drug discovery.
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105
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Karimian H, Arya A, Fadaeinasab M, Razavi M, Hajrezaei M, Karim Khan A, Mohd Ali H, Abdulla MA, Noordin MI. Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. activates intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in breast cancer cells associated with S phase cell cycle arrest via involvement of p21/p27 in vitro and in vivo. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:337-350. [PMID: 28203057 PMCID: PMC5293364 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s121518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticancer potential of Kelussia odoratissima. Several in vitro and in vivo biological assays were applied to explore the direct effect of an extract and bioactive compound of this plant against breast cancer cells and its possible mechanism of action. Materials and methods K. odoratissima methanol extract (KME) was prepared, and MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity. To identify the cytotoxic compound, a bioassay-guided investigation was performed on methanol extract. 8-Hydroxy-ar-turmerone was isolated as a bioactive compound. In vivo study was performed in the breast cancer rat model. LA7 cell line was used to induce the breast tumor. Histopathological and expression changes of PCNA, Bcl-2, Bax, p27 and p21 and caspase-3 were examined. The induction of apoptosis was tested using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) assay. To confirm the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, caspase-7 and caspase-9 assays were utilized. In addition, cell cycle arrest was evaluated. Results Our results demonstrated that K. odoratissima has an obvious effect on the arrest of proliferation of cancer cells. It induced apoptosis, transduced the cell death signals, decreased the threshold of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), upregulated Bax and downregulated Bcl-2. Conclusion This study demonstrated that K. odoratissima exhibits antitumor activity against breast cancer cells via cell death and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Karimian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
| | - Aditya Arya
- School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya
| | | | - Mahboubeh Razavi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
| | - Maryam Hajrezaei
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
| | - Ataul Karim Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
| | | | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
| | - Mohamad Ibrahim Noordin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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106
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Abbaspour Babaei M, Zaman Huri H, Kamalidehghan B, Yeap SK, Ahmadipour F. Apoptotic induction and inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway in human prostatic cancer PC3 cells by natural compound 2,2'-oxybis (4-allyl-1-methoxybenzene), biseugenol B, from Litsea costalis: an in vitro study. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:277-294. [PMID: 28138251 PMCID: PMC5237594 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s102894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Litsea is considered as an evergreen genus distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia; this genus belongs to the large family of Lauraceae. In this study, the cell-death metabolism of biseugenol B was investigated. Nuclear condensation, cell permeability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and release of cytochrome c have been detected in human prostate cancer cell line (PC3) treated with biseugenol B by high content screening (HCS). Fluorescent analysis was conducted to examine the reactive oxygen species formation. To determine the mechanism of cell death, the levels of Bcl-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 proteins, Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) protein and anti-apoptosis heat-shock protein 70 were tested by applying reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Bioluminescent assays were also performed to assess the level of caspases such as 3/7, 8 and 9 during treatment. Furthermore, the involvement of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) was examined by Western blot and HCS. Biseugenol B showed significant cytotoxicity toward PC3 with no toxicity toward normal prostate cells (RWPE-1), which indicates that biseugenol B has qualities that induce apoptosis in tumor cells. The treatment of PC3 cells with biseugenol B provoked apoptosis with cell-death-transducing signals. Downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax regulated the MMP, which in turn caused the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytosol. The release of cytochrome c activated caspase-9, which consequently activated caspase-3/7 with the cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase protein, thereby resulting in apoptosis alteration. Involvement of an extrinsic apoptosis pathway was exhibited by the increase in caspase-8, while the increase in caspase-3/7 and caspase-9 demonstrated involvement of an intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Meanwhile, no significant increase was observed in caspases 3/7, 8 or 9 in normal prostate cells (RWPE-1) after treatment with biseugenol B. Prevention of NF-κB translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus occurred in PC3 after treatment with biseugenol B. The results of our study reveal that biseugenol B triggers the apoptosis of PC3 cells via intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways and inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that biseugenol B is a potentially useful agent for prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hasniza Zaman Huri
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Clinical Investigation Centre (CIC), University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Behnam Kamalidehghan
- Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Genetics Department, National Institute for Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia; Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadipour
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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107
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Silva-Oliveira RJ, Lopes GF, Camargos LF, Ribeiro AM, Santos FVD, Severino RP, Severino VGP, Terezan AP, Thomé RG, Santos HBD, Reis RM, Ribeiro RIMDA. Tapirira guianensis Aubl. Extracts Inhibit Proliferation and Migration of Oral Cancer Cells Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1839. [PMID: 27834805 PMCID: PMC5133839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer of the head and neck is a group of upper aerodigestive tract neoplasms in which aggressive treatments may cause harmful side effects to the patient. In the last decade, investigations on natural compounds have been particularly successful in the field of anticancer drug research. Our aim is to evaluate the antitumor effect of Tapirira guianensis Aubl. extracts on a panel of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines. Analysis of secondary metabolites classes in fractions of T. guianensis was performed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Mutagenicity effect was evaluated by Ames mutagenicity assay. The cytotoxic effect, and migration and invasion inhibition were measured. Additionally, the expression level of apoptosis-related molecules (PARP, Caspases 3, and Fas) and MMP-2 was detected using Western blot. Heterogeneous cytotoxicity response was observed for all fractions, which showed migration inhibition, reduced matrix degradation, and decreased cell invasion ability. Expression levels of MMP-2 decreased in all fractions, and particularly in the hexane fraction. Furthermore, overexpression of FAS and caspase-3, and increase of cleaved PARP indicates possible apoptosis extrinsic pathway activation. Antiproliferative activity of T. guianensis extract in HNSCC cells lines suggests the possibility of developing an anticancer agent or an additive with synergic activities associated with conventional anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Francine Lopes
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Federal University of São João del Rei-CCO/UFSJ, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Fernando Camargos
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Federal University of São João del Rei-CCO/UFSJ, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maciel Ribeiro
- Medical School, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Vieira Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Federal University of São João del Rei-CCO/UFSJ, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil.
| | - Richele Priscila Severino
- Special Academic Unit of Physics and Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Catalão 75704-020, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Paula Terezan
- Special Academic Unit of Physics and Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Catalão 75704-020, Brazil.
| | - Ralph Gruppi Thomé
- Laboratory of Tissue Processing, Federal University of São João del Rei-CCO/UFSJ, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil.
| | - Hélio Batista Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Tissue Processing, Federal University of São João del Rei-CCO/UFSJ, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil.
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil.
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Health Sciences School, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.
- 3ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.
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108
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Antiproliferative and Antiangiogenic Effects of Punica granatum Juice (PGJ) in Multiple Myeloma (MM). Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100611. [PMID: 27706074 PMCID: PMC5083999 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal B-cell malignancy characterized by an accumulation of clonal plasma cells (PC) in the bone marrow (BM) leading to bone destruction and BM failure. Despite recent advances in pharmacological therapy, MM remains a largely incurable pathology. Therefore, novel effective and less toxic agents are urgently necessary. In the last few years, pomegranate has been studied for its potential therapeutic properties including treatment and prevention of cancer. Pomegranate juice (PGJ) contains a number of potential active compounds including organic acids, vitamins, sugars, and phenolic components that are all responsible of the pro-apoptotic effects observed in tumor cell line. The aim of present investigation is to assess the antiproliferative and antiangiogenic potential of the PGJ in human multiple myeloma cell lines. Our data demonstrate the anti-proliferative potential of PGJ in MM cells; its ability to induce G0/G1 cell cycle block and its anti-angiogenic effects. Interestingly, sequential combination of bortezomib/PGJ improved the cytotoxic effect of the proteosome inhibitor. We investigated the effect of PGJ on angiogenesis and cell migration/invasion. Interestingly, we observed an inhibitory effect on the tube formation, microvessel outgrowth aorting ring and decreased cell migration and invasion as showed by wound-healing and transwell assays, respectively. Analysis of angiogenic genes expression in endothelial cells confirmed the anti-angiogenic properties of pomegranate. Therefore, PGJ administration could represent a good tool in order to identify novel therapeutic strategies for MM treatment, exploiting its anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic effects. Finally, the present research supports the evidence that PGJ could play a key role of a future therapeutic approach for treatment of MM in order to optimize the pharmacological effect of bortezomib, especially as adjuvant after treatment.
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109
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Alfaifi MY. Kanahia Laniflora Methanolic Extract Suppressed Proliferation of Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer A549 Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:4755-4759. [PMID: 27893208 PMCID: PMC5454628 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2016.17.10.4755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. In certain countries such as United States of America, it is the leading cause of related cancer mortality among both men and women. Natural products play an important role in overcoming the limitations of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative and apoptotic activities of Kanahia laniflora methanolic extract against human non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549). Methods: Sulforhodamine B colorimetric assays were used to determine the inhibitory effects of a leaf methanolic extract against A549 cells. Results: The extract showed strong cytotoxic activity against A549 cells with an IC50 value of 0.13 μg/ml compared to 0.21 μg/ml for doxorubicin. The extract also significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic cells to 49.7% as compared to 1.4% and 47.4% for control and doxorubicin respectively. Conclusion: These results showed, for the first time, that a methanolic extract of Kanahia laniflora leaves can inhibit the proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549). Further attention to its potential as a new effective anticancer agent is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yahya Alfaifi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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110
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Chen J, Lu X, Lu C, Wang C, Xu H, Xu X, Gou H, Zhu B, Du W. 13-Methyl-palmatrubine induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in A549 cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2526-2534. [PMID: 27633656 PMCID: PMC5055195 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Corydalis yanhusuo, a well-known herbaceous plant, is commonly used in the treatment of inflammation, injury and pain. One natural agent isolated from Corydalis yanhusuo, 13-methyl-palmatrubine, was found to have a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells as reported in published studies. In the present study, we synthesized a potential anti-lung tumor agent, 13-methyl-palmatrubine and analyzed its activity. 13-Methyl-palmatrubine exhibited a cytotoxic effect on a panel of cancer cell lines in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Among all the tested cancer cell lines, lung cancer A549 cells were most sensitive to 13-methyl-palmatrubine treatment. Meanwhile 13-methyl-palmatrubine showed less cytotoxicity in human normal cells. Our investigation revealed that 13-methyl-palmatrubine induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, 13-methyl-palmatrubine treatment caused activation of P38 and JNK pathways and blocked the EGFR pathway. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that 13-methyl-palmatrubine inhibited the growth of A549 cells mediated by blocking of the EGFR signaling pathway and activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of 13-methyl-palmatrubine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, RuiJin Hospital, JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xingang Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, HuaDong Hospital, FuDan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Chenghua Lu
- Department of Respiration, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chunying Wang
- Department of Oncology, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Haizhu Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, HuaDong Hospital, FuDan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, HuaDong Hospital, FuDan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Haixin Gou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, HuaDong Hospital, FuDan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, HuaDong Hospital, FuDan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Wangchun Du
- Clinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
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111
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An Aqueous Extract of Tuberaria lignosa Inhibits Cell Growth, Alters the Cell Cycle Profile, and Induces Apoptosis of NCI-H460 Tumor Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050595. [PMID: 27164073 PMCID: PMC6273798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberaria lignosa (Sweet) Samp. is found in European regions, and has antioxidant properties due to its composition in ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds. Given its traditional use and antioxidant properties, the tumor cell growth inhibitory potential of aqueous extracts from T. lignosa (prepared by infusion and decoction) was investigated in three human tumor cell lines: MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), NCI-H460 (non-small cell lung cancer), and HCT-15 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma). Both extracts inhibited the growth of these cell lines; the most potent one being the T. lignosa extract obtained by infusion in the NCI-H460 cells (GI50 of approximately 50 μg/mL). Further assays were carried out with this extract in NCI-H460 cells. At 100 μg/mL or 150 μg/mL it caused an increase in the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase and a decrease of cells in S phase of the cell cycle. Additionally, these concentrations caused an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells. In agreement, a decrease in total poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and pro-caspase 3 levels was found. In conclusion, the T. lignosa extract obtained by infusion was more potent in NCI-H460 cells, altering the cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis. This work highlights the importance of T. lignosa as a source of bioactive compounds with tumor cell growth inhibitory potential.
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112
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In silico identification of anti-cancer compounds and plants from traditional Chinese medicine database. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25462. [PMID: 27145869 PMCID: PMC4857115 DOI: 10.1038/srep25462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a constant demand to develop new, effective, and affordable anti-cancer drugs. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a valuable and alternative resource for identifying novel anti-cancer agents. In this study, we aim to identify the anti-cancer compounds and plants from the TCM database by using cheminformatics. We first predicted 5278 anti-cancer compounds from TCM database. The top 346 compounds were highly potent active in the 60 cell lines test. Similarity analysis revealed that 75% of the 5278 compounds are highly similar to the approved anti-cancer drugs. Based on the predicted anti-cancer compounds, we identified 57 anti-cancer plants by activity enrichment. The identified plants are widely distributed in 46 genera and 28 families, which broadens the scope of the anti-cancer drug screening. Finally, we constructed a network of predicted anti-cancer plants and approved drugs based on the above results. The network highlighted the supportive role of the predicted plant in the development of anti-cancer drug and suggested different molecular anti-cancer mechanisms of the plants. Our study suggests that the predicted compounds and plants from TCM database offer an attractive starting point and a broader scope to mine for potential anti-cancer agents.
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113
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Kim BJ, Hong C. Role of transient receptor potential melastatin type 7 channel in gastric cancer. Integr Med Res 2016; 5:124-130. [PMID: 28462107 PMCID: PMC5381434 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are a family of ion channels, which are responsible for a wide array of cellular functions. In particular, TRP melastatin type (TRPM) 7 is expressed everywhere and permeable to divalent cations such as Mg2+ and Ca2+. It contains a channel and a kinase domain. Recent studies indicate that activation of TRPM7 plays an important role in the growth and survival of gastric cancer cells. In this review, we describe and discuss the findings of recent studies that have provided novel insights of the relation between TRPM7 and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.,Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Chansik Hong
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Activities of Methanolic Subfractions of Scrophularia oxysepala against Human Breast Cancer Cell Line. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:8540640. [PMID: 27034697 PMCID: PMC4789403 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8540640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Herbs have played a positive role in medicine for thousands of years. In the current study, we investigated the cytotoxicity effects of Scrophularia oxysepala methanolic subfractions and the underlying mechanism responsible for cell death in human breast carcinoma (MCF-7 cells) and mouse fibrosarcoma (WEHI-164 cells). From 60% and 80% methanolic fractions, four subfractions (Fa, Fb, Fc, and Fd), yielded from size exclusion by Sephadex-LH20 column chromatography, were chosen. MTT assay revealed that all subfractions significantly reduced cell viability after 24 h and 36 h in a dose-dependent manner; it is worth noting that Fa and Fb subfractions had the highest cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 52.9 and 61.2 μg/mL in MCF-7 at 24 h, respectively. ELISA, TUNEL, and DNA fragmentation assay revealed that antiproliferative effects of all subfractions were associated with apoptosis on cancer cells, without any significant effect on L929 normal cells. qRT-PCR data showed that, after 24 h treatment with IC50 concentrations of the subfractions, caspase-3 expression was increased in cancer cells while the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased. S. oxysepala methanolic subfractions induce apoptosis in MCF-7 and WEHI-164 cells and could be considered as a source of natural anticancer agents.
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Gao H, Liu Y, Li K, Wu T, Peng J, Jing F. Hispidulin induces mitochondrial apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells by targeting extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:1115-1132. [PMID: 27158398 PMCID: PMC4846955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents a heterogeneous group of hematological neoplasms with marked heterogeneity in response to both standard therapy and survival. Hispidulin, a flavonoid compound that is anactive ingredient in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Salvia plebeia R. Br, has recently been reported to have anantitumor effect against solid tumors in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of hispidulin on the human leukemia cell line in vitro and the underlying mechanisms of its actions on these cells. Our results showed that hispidulin inhibits AML cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and induces cell apoptosis throughan intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Our results also revealed that hispidulin treatment significantly inhibits extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) expression in both tested AML cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, and that the overexpression of EMMPRIN protein markedly attenuates hispidulin-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, our results strongly indicated that the modulating effect of hispidulin on EMMPRIN is correlated with its inhibitory effect on both the Akt and STAT3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Qingdao University Medical CollegeQingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Yongji Liu
- Qingdao Hiser Medical CenterQingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Kan Li
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityShandong 250021, China
| | - Tianhui Wu
- Qingdao 5th People’s HospitalQingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Jianjun Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal UniversityChongqing 401331, China
| | - Fanbo Jing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, Shandong 266003, China
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In vitro cytotoxic screening of 31 crude extracts of Thai herbs on a chondrosarcoma cell line and primary chondrocytes and apoptotic effects of selected extracts. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 52:434-44. [PMID: 26857828 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-one dichloromethane and methanol crude extracts of 16 herb species used in Thai traditional folk medicine were studied for their cytotoxic activities on the SW 1353 chondrosarcoma cell line and primary chondrocytes. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) cell viability assay and flow cytometric method were used as screening tools for cytotoxicity testing. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was measured and reported for each crude extract. Apoptosis, necrosis, and cell viability were measured by flow cytometry at IC50. Two out of 31 herbal extracts, methanol extracts of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis and Ficus thailandica C.C. Berg & S. Gardner, showed potent anticancer activity. They demonstrated high apoptosis induction activity in SW 1353 cells but had less effect on percentage of viability and necrosis of normal chondrocyte cells. Cytotoxic screening and apoptosis assays suggest the potential anticancer activity of some plants used in Thai traditional medicine and provide information concerning their direct effects.
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Golshan A, Hassanzadeh S, Mojdekanloo M, Tayarani-Najaran Z. Effects of Biebersteinia multifida hydro-ethanol extract on proliferation and apoptosis of human prostate cancer and human embryonic kidney cells. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2016; 6:671-677. [PMID: 28078247 PMCID: PMC5206924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Biebersteinia (Geraniaceae) has a history of use in traditional medicine in some countries including Iran. In the present study, cytotoxic and apoptogenic properties of hydro-ethanol extract of B. multifidi was investigated on human prostate cancer cell lines (PC3 and DU 145) and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBS at 37ºC in a humidified atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO2. The root of the plant was macerated with EtOH 70%. Cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract of B. multifida was assessed using alamarBlue® assay after 48 hr of treatment. Apoptotic cells were stained with propidium iodide (PI) and detected by flow cytometry (sub-G1 peak). RESULTS B.multifidi had cytotoxic effect on malignant cells and normal HEK293 cells in a dose-dependent manner and significantly decreased the cell viability (IC50 values were between 199.2 and 302.9 µg/ml). B. multifida increased the sub-G1 peak in flow cytometry histogram of treated PC3 cells compared to control showing the induction of apoptosis and DNA fragmentation. CONCLUSION Due to cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of B. multifida, the plant is suggested for further phytochemical analysis and mechanistic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Golshan
- Medicinal Plants & Natural Products Research Center (MPNPRC), North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Samira Hassanzadeh
- Pharmacological Research Centre of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Pharmacological Research Centre of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +98513 8823255, Fax: +98513 8823251,
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Ji YZ, Geng L, Zhou HB, Wei HC, Chen HD. Chinese herbal medicine Yougui Pill reduces exogenous glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in anterior pituitary cells. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1962-1968. [PMID: 28197193 PMCID: PMC5270435 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.197138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term glucocorticoid use may result in sustained suppression of one or more secreted components from the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, and often results in apoptosis. Yougui Pill (YGP), a 10-component traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been shown to be clinically effective for glucocorticoid-induced suppression of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. However, the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that YGP would exert an anti-apoptosis effect on dexamethasone-treated anterior pituitary cells. In vivo experiments showed that YGP significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells, down-regulated mRNA expression of cytochrome c, caspase-3, and caspase-9, and up-regulated mRNA expression of Bcl-2. These findings suggest that YGP reduced glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in rat anterior pituitary cells by regulating the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhi Ji
- Department of Dermatology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jinlin Province, China
| | - Long Geng
- Department of Dermatology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hong-Bo Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hua-Chen Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- Department of Dermatology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Pei S, Yang X, Wang H, Zhang H, Zhou B, Zhang D, Lin D. Plantamajoside, a potential anti-tumor herbal medicine inhibits breast cancer growth and pulmonary metastasis by decreasing the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -2. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:965. [PMID: 26674531 PMCID: PMC4682252 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the major cause of death in breast cancers. MMPs play a key role in tumor microenvironment that facilitates metastasis. The existing researches suggest that the high expression of gelatinase A and B (MMP2 and MMP9) promote the metastasis of breast cancer. Therefore, gelatinase inhibitor can effectively suppress tumor metastasis. However, at present, there is no dramatically effective gelatinase inhibitor against breast cancer. METHODS We screened gelatinase inhibitor among Chinese herbal medicine by molecular docking technology; investigated the proliferation, migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line and 4T1 mouse breast cancer cell line in response to the treatment with the screened inhibitor by wound assay, invasion assay and gelatin zymography; then further examined the effects of inhibitor on allograft mammary tumors of mice by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We successfully screened an Chinese herbal medicine-Plantamajoside(PMS)-which can reduce the gelatinase activity of MMP9 and MMP2. In vitro, PMS can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line and 4T1 mouse breast cancer cell line by decreasing MMP9 and MMP2 activity. In vivo, oral administration of PMS to the mice bearing 4T1 cells induced tumors resulted in significant reduction in allograft tumor volume and weights, significant decrease in microvascular density and significant lower lung metastasis rate. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that as a promising anti-cancer agent, PMS may inhibit growth and metastasis of breast cancer by inhibiting the activity of MMP9 and MMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Pei
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xu Yang
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Huanan Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Bin Zhou
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Di Zhang
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Degui Lin
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Bach DH, Kim SH, Hong JY, Park HJ, Oh DC, Lee SK. Salternamide A Suppresses Hypoxia-Induced Accumulation of HIF-1α and Induces Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6962-76. [PMID: 26610526 PMCID: PMC4663561 DOI: 10.3390/md13116962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is an essential regulator of the cellular response to low oxygen concentrations, activating a broad range of genes that provide adaptive responses to oxygen deprivation. HIF-1α is overexpressed in various cancers and therefore represents a considerable chemotherapeutic target. Salternamide A (SA), a novel small molecule that is isolated from a halophilic Streptomyces sp., is a potent cytotoxic agent against a variety of human cancer cell lines. However, the mechanisms by which SA inhibits tumor growth remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrate that SA efficiently inhibits the hypoxia-induced accumulation of HIF-1α in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in various human cancer cells. In addition, SA suppresses the upstream signaling of HIF-1α, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, p42/p44 MAPK, and STAT3 signaling under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, we found that SA induces cell death by stimulating G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. Taken together, SA was identified as a novel small molecule HIF-1α inhibitor from marine natural products and is potentially a leading candidate in the development of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc-Hiep Bach
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Seong-Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Ji-Young Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Hyen Joo Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
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121
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Liu B, Yuan B, Zhang L, Mu W, Wang C. ROS/p38/p53/Puma signaling pathway is involved in emodin-induced apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cells. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:15413-15422. [PMID: 26629030 PMCID: PMC4658919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Emodin was found effective in suppressing proliferation of cancer cells including colorectal cancer (CRC), but the mechanisms were still unclear. This study was aimed to investigate the possible mechanism of emodin's anti-CRC effects. METHODS Two most frequently used CRC cell lines, SW480 and SW620, were investigated in this study. Serially diluted emodin solutions were used to incubate CRC cells. siRNAs were used to silence the expressions of p38 and Puma respectively. Intracellular ROS production was detected by DCFH-DA staining; proliferation and apoptosis of CRC cells were assessed by MTT assay and Hoechst staining respectively. Western blotting was applied to evaluate the activation of p38/p53/Puma signaling. RESULTS Both in SW480 and SW620 cells, emodin inhibited proliferation by inducing ROS-mediated apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. The p38/p53/Puma signaling was also activated after emodin incubation in a concentration-dependent manner. The ROS scavenger NAC, p38 silencing and Puma silencing impaired the anti-proliferation and apoptosis- inducing effects of emodin. CONCLUSIONS emodin inhibited proliferation of human CRC cells by inducing cell apoptosis by activating ROS/p38/p53/Puma signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baorong Liu
- Second Division of Department of General Surgery, Xi’an Central HospitalShaanxi, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Second Division of Department of General Surgery, Xi’an Central HospitalShaanxi, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxi, China
| | - Weimin Mu
- Second Division of Department of General Surgery, Xi’an Central HospitalShaanxi, China
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Second Division of Department of General Surgery, Xi’an Central HospitalShaanxi, China
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Tripathy D, Choudhary A, Banerjee UC, Singh IP, Chatterjee A. Induction of Apoptosis and Reduction of Endogenous Glutathione Level by the Ethyl-Acetate Soluble Fraction of the Methanol Extract of the Roots of Potentilla fulgens in Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135890. [PMID: 26284809 PMCID: PMC4540452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Potentilla fulgens root traditionally used as a folk remedy in Meghalaya, India. However, systematic evaluation of its anticancer efficacy was limited. We investigated the anticancer potentials of the various extracts prepared by partitioning of the methanol extract of the root with the aim to discover major contributing factors from the most effective fractions. Methanol extract of P. fulgens roots (PRE) was prepared by maceration which was subsequently fractionated into hexane, ethyl-acetate (EA) and n-butanol soluble fractions. Various assays (clonogenic assay, Flow cytometry analysis, western blot, semiquantitative RT-PCR and the level of endogenous glutathione) were used to evaluate different parameters, such as Cell survivability, PARP-1 proteolysis, expression pattern of anti-apoptotic and γ-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase heavy subunit (GCSC) genes in both MCF-7 and U87 cancer cell lines. Since the EA-fraction showed most efficient growth inhibitory effect, it was further purified and a total of nine compounds and some monomeric and dimeric flavan-3-ols were identified and characterized. Three compounds viz., epicatechin (EC), gallic acid (GA) and ursolic acid (UA) were taken on the basis of their higher yield and 10 μg/ml of each was mixed together. The concentration used in this study for PRE, EA- and Hex-fraction was 100 μg/ml, which was higher than the IC50 value. Apoptotic cell death in the PRE, EA-fraction and EC+GA+UA treated cancer cell cultures was significantly greater than in normal cells due to suppression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 following treatment. Depletion of glutathione by downregulating GCSC was also observed. Induction of apoptosis and lowering the level of glutathione are considered to be positive activity for an anticancer agent. Therefore, modulation of GSH concentration in tumor cells by PRE and its EA-fraction opened up the possibility of a new therapeutic approach because these plant products are not harmful to normal cells and may regulate the tumor cellular response to different anticancer treatments. Thus, it would be interesting to examine efficacy of these plant products or EA-fraction in human cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Tripathy
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya-793022, India
| | - Alka Choudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Uttam Chand Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Inder Pal Singh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Anupam Chatterjee
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya-793022, India
- * E-mail:
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Ethanolic Extracts of Pluchea indica Induce Apoptosis and Antiproliferation Effects in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells. Molecules 2015; 20:11508-23. [PMID: 26111179 PMCID: PMC6272159 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200611508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluchea indica is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of lumbago, ulcer, tuberculosis and inflammation. The anti-cancer activities and the underlying molecular mechanisms of the ethanolic extracts of P. indica root (PIRE) were characterized in the present study. PIRE strongly inhibited the viability of the human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (NPC-TW 01 and NPC-TW 04) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Migration of cancer cells was also suppressed by PIRE. In addition, PIRE significantly increased the occurrence of the cells in sub-G1 phase and the extent of DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent manner, which indicates that PIRE significantly increased apoptosis in NPC cells. The apoptotic process triggered by PIRE involved up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax protein and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, consequently increasing the ratios of Bax/Bcl-2 protein levels. Moreover, the p53 protein was up-regulated by PIRE in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, PIRE could induce the apoptosis-signaling pathway in NPC cells by activation of p53 and by regulation of apoptosis-related proteins.
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Antioxidant and proapoptotic activities of Sclerocarya birrea [(A. Rich.) Hochst.] methanolic root extract on the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:561589. [PMID: 26075245 PMCID: PMC4449889 DOI: 10.1155/2015/561589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to characterize the in vitro antioxidant activity and the apoptotic potential of S. birrea methanolic root extract (MRE). Among four tested extracts, obtained with different solvents, MRE showed the highest content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins together with antioxidant activities tested with superoxide, nitric oxide, ABTS, and beta-carotene bleaching assays. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect of MRE was evaluated on the hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2. In these cells, MRE treatment induced apoptosis and generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxic effect promoted by MRE was prevented by pretreatment of HepG2 cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), suggesting that oxidative stress was pivotal in MRE-mediated cell death. Moreover, we showed that the MRE treatment induced the mitochondrial membrane depolarization and the cytochrome c release from mitochondria into the cytosol. It suggests that the apoptosis occurred in a mitochondrial-dependent pathway. Interestingly, MRE showed a sensibly lower cytotoxicity, associated with a low increase of ROS, in normal human dermal fibroblasts compared to HepG2 cells. It is suggested that the methanolic root extract of S. Birrea is able to selectively increase intracellular ROS levels in cancer cells, promoting cell death.
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Hong JY, Chung HJ, Bae SY, Trung TN, Bae K, Lee SK. Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis by Physcion, an Anthraquinone Isolated From Rhubarb (Rhizomes of Rheum tanguticum), in MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells. J Cancer Prev 2015; 19:273-8. [PMID: 25574462 PMCID: PMC4285958 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2014.19.4.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Physcion is an anthraquinone from rhubarb (rhizomes of Rheum tanguticum) and has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antifungal, and anti-cancer activities. However, the growth inhibitory activity against human cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms have been poorly determined. This study was designed to investigate the anti-proliferative activity of physcion by induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cell line. Methods: MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with physcion, and the anti-proliferative activity was evaluated by the sulforhodamine B assay. The mechanisms of action for the growth inhibitory activity of physcion were evaluated by flow cytometry for cell cycle distribution, and by Western blot for the assessment of potential target proteins. Results: Physcion showed a significant anti-proliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that physcion markedly induced the accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase and the increase of cell population in the sub-G1 phase. The G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by physcion was associated with the down-regulation of Cyclin D1, Cyclin A, CDK4, CDK2, c-Myc and phosphorylated Rb protein expressions. The increase of sub-G1 peak by physcion was closely correlated with the induction of apoptosis, which was confirmed by the induction of cleaved poly-(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase, activation of Caspases, and suppression of Bid and Bcl-2 expression. Conclusions: The induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis might be one of the plausible mechanisms of actions for the anti-proliferative activity of physcion in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwa-Jin Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song Yi Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Trinh Nam Trung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - KiHwan Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Sineh Sepehr K, Baradaran B, Mazandarani M, Yousefi B, Abdollahpour Alitappeh M, Khori V. Growth-Inhibitory and Apoptosis-Inducing Effects of Punica granatum L. var. spinosa (Apple Punice) on Fibrosarcoma Cell Lines. Adv Pharm Bull 2014; 4:583-90. [PMID: 25671193 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2014.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Punica granatum L. var. granatum (Pomegranate), an herbaceous plant found in Iran, The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects, induction of apoptosis, and the mechanism of cell death of ethanol extract from Punica granatum L. var. spinosa on the mouse fibrosarcoma cell line, WEHI-164. METHODS Various parts of the herbs were extracted from fruit using ethanol as the solvent, and the cytotoxicity and cell viability of the ethanolic extract were determined by the MTT assay. To determine whether necrosis or apoptosis is the predominant cause of cell death, cell death detection was performed using the ELISA method. The induction of apoptosis was confirmed using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase- (TdT-) mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Moreover, a sensitive immunoblotting technique was used to examine the production of Caspase-3 and Bcl2 proteins. RESULTS Our findings suggested that the ethalonic extract of Punica granatum L. var. spinosa altered cell morphology, decreased cell viability, suppressed cell proliferation and induced cell death in a time- and dose-dependent manner in WEHI-164 cells (IC50 = 229.024μg/ml), when compared to a chemotherapeutic anticancer drug, Toxol (Vesper Pharmaceuticals), with increased nucleosome production from apoptotic cells. Induction of apoptosis by the plant extract was proved by the decrease of pro-Caspase-3 and Bcl2 proteins and quantitatively confirmed by Immunoblotting analysis. CONCLUSION The results obtained from the present study have demonstrated the growth-inhibitory effect of Ethanol Extracts from Punica granatum L. var. spinosa, and clearly showed that apoptosis was the major mechanism of in-vitro cell death induced by the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushan Sineh Sepehr
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Khori
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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