1701
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Oelker AM, Berlin JA, Wathier M, Grinstaff MW. Synthesis and characterization of dendron cross-linked PEG hydrogels as corneal adhesives. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1658-65. [PMID: 21417379 PMCID: PMC3878822 DOI: 10.1021/bm200039s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In pursuit of a wound-specific corneal adhesive, hydrogels formed by the reaction of propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, or 2-oxoethyl succinate-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with a peptide-based dendritic cross-linker (Lys(3)Cys(4)) were characterized. These macromers react within minutes of mixing to form transparent and elastic hydrogels with in vitro degradation times that range from hours to months based on the type of bonds formed during the cross-linking reaction, either thiazolidine or pseudoproline. The mechanical properties of these materials, determined via parallel plate rheology, were dependent on the polymer concentration, as was the hydrogel adhesive strength, which was determined by lap shear adhesive testing. In addition, these hydrogels were efficacious in closing ex vivo 4.1 mm central corneal lacerations: wounds closed with these hydrogel adhesives were able to withstand intraocular pressure values equivalent to, or in excess of, those obtained by closing the wounds with suturing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason A. Berlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michel Wathier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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1702
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Park SA, Jang E, Koh WG, Kim B. Development of analytic microdevices for the detection of phenol using polymer hydrogel particles containing enzyme–QD conjugates. Talanta 2011; 84:1000-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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1703
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Hawkins AM, Milbrandt TA, Puleo DA, Hilt JZ. Synthesis and analysis of degradation, mechanical and toxicity properties of poly(β-amino ester) degradable hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:1956-64. [PMID: 21252001 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable hydrogels have been studied extensively in recent years for biomedical applications, including tissue engineering and drug delivery, due to their tunable properties and similarities to natural soft tissue. In this work, two poly(β-amino ester) biodegradable hydrogel systems were synthesised and studied in vitro. Different degradation profiles were observed, ranging from 7 h to 4 months, and the compressive modulus was shown to decrease as degradation proceeded. MTT cytotoxicity analysis was used to analyze the cellular response to the degradation products, and the hydrogel systems exhibited similar toxicity to poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) degradation products. Finally, cell attachment was studied by seeding pluripotent mesenchymal cells directly onto the hydrogel surfaces followed by a live/dead assay and fluorescent imaging. Cells showed significant viability at 24h (98%) and slightly lower, but still substantial viability, at 48 h (72%). These hydrogels exhibited a range of properties and favorable cellular responses, all which indicate that these materials could be viable materials for tissue regeneration and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Hawkins
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40506, USA
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1704
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Tan H, Rubin JP, Marra KG. Direct synthesis of biodegradable polysaccharide derivative hydrogels through aqueous Diels-Alder chemistry. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:905-11. [PMID: 21520481 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A robust synthetic strategy where polysaccharide derivative precursors react through aqueous Diels-Alder chemistry without the involvement of catalysts and coupling reagents, allowing for the direct encapsulation of positive and negative proteins within biodegradable hydrogels. The results demonstrated that the aqueous Diels-Alder chemistry provides an extremely selective reaction and proceeds with high efficiency for polysaccharide bioconjugation. This synthetic approach uniquely allows for the direct fabrication of biologically functionalized gels with ideal structures, which provides a competitive alternative to conventional conjugation techniques such as click chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Tan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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1705
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Yoon JA, Bencherif SA, Aksak B, Kim EK, Kowalewski T, Oh JK, Matyjaszewski K. Thermoresponsive hydrogel scaffolds with tailored hydrophilic pores. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:128-36. [PMID: 21162088 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive hydrogels with efficient water-release channels were prepared by incorporating star-shaped macromolecular pore precursors, with degradable disulfide crosslinked cores and hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) arms, into the gel network. The gel framework exhibiting lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. The incorporation of degradable star macromolecules (dSM) was facilitated by growing the gel from ATRP initiator sites contained within their cores. Following the formation of the gel, the dSM cores were degraded, yielding uniform pores lined with hydrophilic PEO chains. The effect of hydrophilic pores on thermoresponsive hydrogel performances was studied by comparing hydrogels containing hydrophilic pores with analogous hydrogels with neutral pores or with pore-free controls. Dye absorption/release experiments pointed to the suitability of newly synthesized hydrogels as controlled-release media, for example, for drug delivery. Cell culture experiments confirmed their nontoxicity and biocompatibility (cell viability >98%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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1706
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Hutson CB, Nichol JW, Aubin H, Bae H, Yamanlar S, Al-Haque S, Koshy ST, Khademhosseini A. Synthesis and characterization of tunable poly(ethylene glycol): gelatin methacrylate composite hydrogels. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:1713-23. [PMID: 21306293 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels are popular for cell culture and tissue-engineering applications because they are nontoxic and exhibit favorable hydration and nutrient transport properties. However, cells cannot adhere to, remodel, proliferate within, or degrade PEG hydrogels. Methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), derived from denatured collagen, yields an enzymatically degradable, photocrosslinkable hydrogel that cells can degrade, adhere to and spread within. To combine the desirable features of each of these materials we synthesized PEG-GelMA composite hydrogels, hypothesizing that copolymerization would enable adjustable cell binding, mechanical, and degradation properties. The addition of GelMA to PEG resulted in a composite hydrogel that exhibited tunable mechanical and biological profiles. Adding GelMA (5%-15% w/v) to PEG (5% and 10% w/v) proportionally increased fibroblast surface binding and spreading as compared to PEG hydrogels (p<0.05). Encapsulated fibroblasts were also able to form 3D cellular networks 7 days after photoencapsulation only within composite hydrogels as compared to PEG alone. Additionally, PEG-GelMA hydrogels displayed tunable enzymatic degradation and stiffness profiles. PEG-GelMA composite hydrogels show great promise as tunable, cell-responsive hydrogels for 3D cell culture and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che B Hutson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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1707
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Li X, Tsutsui Y, Matsunaga T, Shibayama M, Chung UI, Sakai T. Precise Control and Prediction of Hydrogel Degradation Behavior. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2004234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takuro Matsunaga
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibayama
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Ung-il Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takamasa Sakai
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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1708
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Helgeson ME, Chapin SC, Doyle PS. Hydrogel microparticles from lithographic processes: novel materials for fundamental and applied colloid science. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 16:106-117. [PMID: 21516212 PMCID: PMC3079890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years there has been a surge in methods to synthesize geometrically and chemically complex microparticles. Analogous to atoms, the concept of a "periodic table" of particles has emerged and continues to be expanded upon. Complementing the natural intellectual curiosity that drives the creation of increasingly intricate particles is the pull from applications that take advantage of such high-value materials. Complex particles are now being used in fields ranging from diagnostics and catalysis to self-assembly and rheology, where material composition and microstructure are closely linked with particle function. This is especially true of polymer hydrogels, which offer an attractive and broad class of base materials for synthesis. Lithography affords the ability to engineer particle properties a priori and leads to the production of homogenous ensembles of particles. This review summarizes recent advances in synthesizing hydrogel microparticles using lithographic processes and highlight a number of emerging applications. We discuss advantages and limitations of current strategies, and conclude with an outlook on future trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Helgeson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139
| | - Stephen C. Chapin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139
| | - Patrick S. Doyle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139
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1709
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Seidi A, Ramalingam M, Elloumi-Hannachi I, Ostrovidov S, Khademhosseini A. Gradient biomaterials for soft-to-hard interface tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:1441-51. [PMID: 21232635 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interface tissue engineering (ITE) is a rapidly developing field that aims to fabricate biological tissue alternates with the goal of repairing or regenerating the functions of diseased or damaged zones at the interface of different tissue types (also called "interface tissues"). Notable examples of the interface tissues in the human body include ligament-to-bone, tendon-to-bone and cartilage-to-bone. Engineering interface tissues is a complex process, which requires a combination of specialized biomaterials with spatially organized material composition, cell types and signaling molecules. Therefore, the use of conventional biomaterials (monophasic or composites) for ITE has certain limitations to help stimulate the tissue integration or recreating the structural organization at the junction of different tissue types. The advancement of micro- and nanotechnologies enable us to develop systems with gradients in biomaterials properties that encourage the differentiation of multiple cell phenotypes and subsequent tissue development. In this review we discuss recent developments in the fabrication of gradient biomaterials for controlling cellular behavior such as migration, differentiation and heterotypic interactions. Moreover, we give an overview of potential uses of gradient biomaterials in engineering interface tissues such as soft tissues (e.g. cartilage) to hard tissues (e.g. bone), with illustrated experimental examples. We also address fundamentals of interface tissue organization, various gradient biomaterials used in ITE, micro- and nanotechnologies employed for the fabrication of those gradients, and certain challenges that must be met in order for ITE to reach its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Seidi
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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1710
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Tailoring thermoresponsive microbeads in supercritical carbon dioxide for biomedical applications. J Supercrit Fluids 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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1711
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Synthesis of highly substituted amide hyaluronan derivatives with tailored degree of substitution and their crosslinking via click chemistry. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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1712
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Patel A, Mequanint K. Synthesis and characterization of polyurethane-block-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels and their surface modification to promote cell affinity. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911511398713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Physically crosslinked hydrogels based on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and polyurethane macroiniferter (PUMI) were prepared. The synthesis of polyurethane- block-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PU-b-PHEMA) was verified by spectroscopic analyses. Due to the low fibronectin adsorption from culture media, cell attachment on PU-b-PHEMA surface was poor compared with the PUMI control. To improve the cell affinity of PU-b-PHEMA, fibronectin was conjugated via surface hydroxyl groups. These biomimetic PU-b-PHEMA hydrogel surfaces were tested for tissue engineering applications. A short-term cell culture study revealed that, compared with the unmodified PU-b-PHEMA, fibronectin-conjugated PU-b-PHEMA hydrogel showed more uniform and dense cell attachment and spreading, indicating a potential use for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpesh Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Kibret Mequanint
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada,
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1713
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Wang H, Hansen MB, Löwik DWPM, van Hest JCM, Li Y, Jansen JA, Leeuwenburgh SCG. Oppositely charged gelatin nanospheres as building blocks for injectable and biodegradable gels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:H119-24. [PMID: 21394793 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201003908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanan Wang
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, The Netherlands
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1714
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Schexnailder PJ, Gaharwar AK, Bartlett RL, Seal BL, Schmidt G. Tuning cell adhesion by incorporation of charged silicate nanoparticles as cross-linkers to polyethylene oxide. Macromol Biosci 2011; 10:1416-23. [PMID: 20602416 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Controlling cell adhesion on a biomaterial surface is associated with the long-term efficacy of an implanted material. Here we connect the material properties of nanocomposite films made from PEO physically cross-linked with layered silicate nanoparticles (Laponite) to cellular adhesion. Fibroblast cells do not adhere to pure PEO, but they attach to silicate containing nanocomposites. Under aqueous conditions, the films swell and the degree of swelling depends on the nanocomposite composition and film structure. Higher PEO compositions do not support cell proliferation due to little exposed silicate surfaces. Higher silicate compositions do allow significant cell proliferation and spreading. These bio-nanocomposites have potential for the development of biomedical materials that can control cellular adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Schexnailder
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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1715
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Fang J, Zhang X, Cai Y, Wei Y. Small Globular Protein Motif Forms Particulate Hydrogel under Various pH Conditions. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1578-84. [DOI: 10.1021/bm101571r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Yuguang Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Yinan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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1716
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Raof NA, Raja WK, Castracane J, Xie Y. Bioengineering embryonic stem cell microenvironments for exploring inhibitory effects on metastatic breast cancer cells. Biomaterials 2011; 32:4130-9. [PMID: 21411140 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The recreation of an in vitro microenvironment to understand and manipulate the proliferation and migration of invasive breast cancer cells may allow one to put a halt to their metastasis capacity. Invasive cancer cells have been linked to embryonic stem (ES) cells as they possess certain similar characteristics and gene signatures. Embryonic microenvironments have the potential to reprogram cancer cells into a less invasive phenotype and help elucidate tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this study, we explored the feasibility of reconstructing embryonic microenvironments using mouse ES cells cultured in alginate hydrogel and investigated the interactions of ES cells and highly invasive breast cancer cells in 2D, 2&1/2D, and 3D cultures. Results showed that mouse ES cells inhibited the growth and tumor spheroid formation of breast cancer cells. The mouse ES cell microenvironment was further constructed and optimized in 3D alginate hydrogel microbeads, and co-cultured with breast cancer cells. Migration analysis displayed a significant reduction in the average velocity and trajectory of breast cancer cell locomotion compared to control, suggesting that bioengineered mouse ES cell microenvironments inhibited the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. This study may act as a platform to open up new options to understand and harness tumor cell plasticity and develop therapeutics for metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurazhani Abdul Raof
- The College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York (SUNY), 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
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1717
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Huang GY, Zhou LH, Zhang QC, Chen YM, Sun W, Xu F, Lu TJ. Microfluidic hydrogels for tissue engineering. Biofabrication 2011; 3:012001. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/3/1/012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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1718
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Xing Y, Cheng E, Yang Y, Chen P, Zhang T, Sun Y, Yang Z, Liu D. Self-assembled DNA hydrogels with designable thermal and enzymatic responsiveness. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:1117-21. [PMID: 21181766 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201003343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzheng Xing
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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1719
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He J, Du Y, Guo Y, Hancock MJ, Wang B, Shin H, Wu J, Li D, Khademhosseini A. Microfluidic synthesis of composite cross-gradient materials for investigating cell-biomaterial interactions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:175-85. [PMID: 20721897 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Combinatorial material synthesis is a powerful approach for creating composite material libraries for the high-throughput screening of cell-material interactions. Although current combinatorial screening platforms have been tremendously successful in identifying target (termed "hit") materials from composite material libraries, new material synthesis approaches are needed to further optimize the concentrations and blending ratios of the component materials. Here we employed a microfluidic platform to rapidly synthesize composite materials containing cross-gradients of gelatin and chitosan for investigating cell-biomaterial interactions. The microfluidic synthesis of the cross-gradient was optimized experimentally and theoretically to produce quantitatively controllable variations in the concentrations and blending ratios of the two components. The anisotropic chemical compositions of the gelatin/chitosan cross-gradients were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry. The three-dimensional (3D) porous gelatin/chitosan cross-gradient materials were shown to regulate the cellular morphology and proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in a gradient-dependent manner. We envision that our microfluidic cross-gradient platform may accelerate the material development processes involved in a wide range of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang He
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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1720
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Rossi F, Santoro M, Casalini T, Perale G. Synthesis and characterization of lanthanum bonded agar-carbomer hydrogel: a promising tool for biomedical research. J RARE EARTH 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0721(10)60442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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1721
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Santoro M, Marchetti P, Rossi F, Perale G, Castiglione F, Mele A, Masi M. Smart Approach To Evaluate Drug Diffusivity in Injectable Agar−Carbomer Hydrogels for Drug Delivery. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:2503-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1111394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Santoro
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - P. Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - F. Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - G. Perale
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - F. Castiglione
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Mele
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - M. Masi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
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1722
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Gulfam M, Lee JM, Chung BG. Two-phase bioreactor system for cell-laden hydrogel assembly. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:466-72. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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1723
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Influence of physical properties of biomaterials on cellular behavior. Pharm Res 2011; 28:1422-30. [PMID: 21331474 PMCID: PMC3099000 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose In this study, we evaluated the effect of hydrogel structural properties on proliferation and biosynthesis activity of encapsulated chondrocytes. Methods Hydrogels with varying structural and mechanical properties were prepared by photopolymerizing PEGDA precursors having MWs of 3.4 kDa, 6 kDa, 10 kDa, and 20 kDa and were characterized for their swelling ratio, network structure, morphology, and mechanical properties. The effect of hydrogel structural properties on the cellular activity of encapsulated chondrocytes was studied over four weeks. Results Varying the molecular weight of PEGDA precursors exhibited a significant effect on the structural and mechanical properties of the hydrogels. Large mesh size was found to support cell proliferation. However, extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation varied with the precursor molecular weight. Both PEGDA 6 kDa and 10 kDa hydrogels supported GAG accumulation, while PEGDA 10 kDa and 20KDa hydrogels supported collagen accumulation. Chondrocytes cultured in PEGDA 10 kDa hydrogels expressed a relative increase in collagen type II and aggrecan expression while maintaining low collagen type I expression. Conclusions Increasing mesh size of the hydrogels resulted in an increase in cellular proliferation exhibiting the strong correlation between mesh size and cell growth, while mesh size had a differential effect on ECM accumulation and expression of cartilage specific markers. Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11095-011-0378-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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1724
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Dos Reis G, Fenili F, Gianfelice A, Bongiorno G, Marchesi D, Scopelliti PE, Borgonovo A, Podestà A, Indrieri M, Ranucci E, Ferruti P, Lenardi C, Milani P. Direct microfabrication of topographical and chemical cues for the guided growth of neural cell networks on polyamidoamine hydrogels. Macromol Biosci 2011; 10:842-52. [PMID: 20437406 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200900410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cell patterning is an important tool for organizing cells in surfaces and to reproduce in a simple way the tissue hierarchy and complexity of pluri-cellular life. The control of cell growth, proliferation and differentiation on solid surfaces is consequently important for prosthetics, biosensors, cell-based arrays, stem cell therapy and cell-based drug discovery concepts. We present a new electron beam lithography method for the direct and simultaneous fabrication of sub-micron topographical and chemical patterns, on a biocompatible and biodegradable PAA hydrogel. The localized e-beam modification of a hydrogel surface makes the pattern able to adsorb proteins in contrast with the anti-fouling surface. By also exploiting the selective attachment, growth and differentiation of PC12 cells, we fabricated a neural network of single cells connected by neuritis extending along microchannels. E-beam microlithography on PAA hydrogels opens up the opportunity of producing multifunctional microdevices incorporating complex topographies, allowing precise control of the growth and organization of individual cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Dos Reis
- European School of Molecular Medicine - SEMM, IFOM-IEO campus, Via Adamello, 16 20139 Milan, Italy
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1725
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Jabbari E. Bioconjugation of hydrogels for tissue engineering. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 22:655-60. [PMID: 21306888 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Success of tissue engineered constructs in regenerative medicine is limited by the lack of cellmatrix interactions to guide devleopment of the seeded cells into the desired tissue. This review highlights the most exciting developments in bioconjugation of synthetic hydrogels targeted to tissue engineering. Application of conjugation techniques has resulted in the synthesis of novel biomimetic cell-responsive hydrogels to control the cascade of cell migration, adhesion, survival, differentiation, and maturation to the desired lineage concurrent with matrix remodeling. The future outlook includes developing conjugated patterned hydrogel matrices, developing novel hydrogel matrices to support self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic and adult stem cells, and merging 3D printing with bioconjugation to fabricate hydrogels with anatomical arrangement of cells and biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaiel Jabbari
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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1726
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Functionalizable and nonfouling zwitterionic carboxybetaine hydrogels with a carboxybetaine dimethacrylate crosslinker. Biomaterials 2011; 32:961-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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1727
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Preparation and Evaluation of Hydrogel-Composites from Methacrylated Hyaluronic Acid, Alginate, and Gelatin for Tissue Engineering. Int J Artif Organs 2011; 34:93-102. [DOI: 10.5301/ijao.2011.6397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are three-dimensional water-insoluble hydrophilic natural or synthetic polymer networks made up of crosslinked water-soluble polymers. The purpose of this study was to develop and directly compare photo crosslinked hydrogels on the basis of pure gelatin, alginate and hyaluronic acid as well as their blends. The functionalization of starting materials with methacrylate moieties was evaluated by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Hydrogels were prepared from methacrylates by photo cross-linking using UV light. The effect of changing the hydrogel composition was quantified through examination of hydrogel swelling behavior and rheological properties. In addition, the viability and adhesion of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCM) seeded onto the hydrogels was examined by in vivo imaging of NRCM-mediated scaffold contraction as well as by histological evaluation after immunostaining. Biological testing showed good biocompatibility and cell survival in the presence of all materials discussed. Adhesion of cells could only be observed in the presence of gelatin. Blends of gelatin, alginate and hyaluronic acid are promising candidates for the generation of non-toxic, biocompatible hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering. Variation of individual compound ratios in the blends can be used for a precise control of mechanical properties and may allow wide-ranging uses in various tissue engineering applications with different mechanical requirements.
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1728
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Du R, Xu Y, Luo Y, Zhang X, Zhang J. Synthesis of conducting polymer hydrogels with 2D building blocks and their potential-dependent gel–sol transitions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:6287-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc10915d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1729
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Bird SP, Baker LA. Biologically modified hydrogels for chemical and biochemical analysis. Analyst 2011; 136:3410-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00871k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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1730
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Du M, Song W, Cui Y, Yang Y, Li J. Fabrication and biological application of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA)/alginate (ALG) hydrogel as scaffolds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02869j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1731
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Pritchard CD, O'Shea TM, Siegwart DJ, Calo E, Anderson DG, Reynolds FM, Thomas JA, Slotkin JR, Woodard EJ, Langer R. An injectable thiol-acrylate poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel for sustained release of methylprednisolone sodium succinate. Biomaterials 2011; 32:587-97. [PMID: 20880573 PMCID: PMC4070531 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Clinically available injectable hydrogels face technical challenges associated with swelling after injection and toxicity from unreacted constituents that impede their performance as surgical biomaterials. To overcome these challenges, we developed a system where chemical gelation was controlled by a conjugate Michael addition between thiol and acrylate in aqueous media, with 97% monomer conversion and 6 wt.% sol fraction. The hydrogel exhibited syneresis on equilibration, reducing to 59.7% of its initial volume. It had mechanical properties similar to soft human tissue with an elastic modulus of 189.8 kPa. Furthermore, a mesh size of 6.9 nm resulted in sustained release of methylprednisolone sodium succinate with a loading efficiency of 2 mg/mL. Functionalization with 50 μg/mL of an oligolysine peptide resulted in attachment of freshly isolated murine mesenchymal stem cells. The rational design of the physical, chemical and biological properties of the hydrogel makes it a potentially promising candidate for injectable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Pritchard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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1732
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Cytocompatible Hydrogel Composed of Phospholipid Polymers for Regulation of Cell Functions. POLYMERS IN NANOMEDICINE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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1733
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An Z, Qiu Q, Liu G. Synthesis of architecturally well-defined nanogels via RAFT polymerization for potential bioapplications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:12424-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13955j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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1734
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Chen FM, An Y, Zhang R, Zhang M. New insights into and novel applications of release technology for periodontal reconstructive therapies. J Control Release 2011; 149:92-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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1735
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Li X, Li J, Gao Y, Kuang Y, Shi J, Xu B. Molecular nanofibers of olsalazine form supramolecular hydrogels for reductive release of an anti-inflammatory agent. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:17707-9. [PMID: 21121607 PMCID: PMC3238101 DOI: 10.1021/ja109269v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation of tripeptide derivatives with olsalazine, a clinically used anti-inflammatory prodrug, yields small molecules that self-assemble in water to form supramolecular hydrogels that undergo a gel-to-sol phase transition upon reduction, resulting in the controlled release of 5-aminosalicylic acid as the anti-inflammatory agent. This methodology will ultimately lead to new biomaterials for site-specific drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Li
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Jiayang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Yi Kuang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02454, USA
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1736
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Adams DJ. Dipeptide and tripeptide conjugates as low-molecular-weight hydrogelators. Macromol Biosci 2010; 11:160-73. [PMID: 21080382 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptide and tripeptide conjugates are receiving significant current interest as LMWG, driven by the accessibility of these materials, their relatively low cost and also the large number of examples that successfully form hydrogels. Their behaviour can easily modified by changes in the amino acids or the aromatic end groups chosen. The assembly process has been relatively well described for a small subset of these gelators, giving a good idea of the behaviour of these molecules and allowing an understanding of the conditions under which assembly will occur. Here, we critically review the literature in this area and consider the importance of gelator choice and method of assembly on the outcome of the gelation. We also discuss the applications of these hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave J Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L697ZD, UK.
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1737
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Sant S, Hancock MJ, Donnelly JP, Iyer D, Khademhosseini A. BIOMIMETIC GRADIENT HYDROGELS FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING. CAN J CHEM ENG 2010; 88:899-911. [PMID: 21874065 DOI: 10.1002/cjce.20411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
During tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis, cells experience various signals in their environments, including gradients of physical and chemical cues. Spatial and temporal gradients regulate various cell behaviours such as proliferation, migration, and differentiation during development, inflammation, wound healing, and cancer. One of the goals of functional tissue engineering is to create microenvironments that mimic the cellular and tissue complexity found in vivo by incorporating physical, chemical, temporal, and spatial gradients within engineered three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds. Hydrogels are ideal materials for 3D tissue scaffolds that mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM). Various techniques from material science, microscale engineering, and microfluidics are used to synthesise biomimetic hydrogels with encapsulated cells and tailored microenvironments. In particular, a host of methods exist to incorporate micrometer to centimetre scale chemical and physical gradients within hydrogels to mimic the cellular cues found in vivo. In this review, we draw on specific biological examples to motivate hydrogel gradients as tools for studying cell-material interactions. We provide a brief overview of techniques to generate gradient hydrogels and showcase their use to study particular cell behaviours in two-dimensional (2D) and 3D environments. We conclude by summarizing the current and future trends in gradient hydrogels and cell-material interactions in context with the long-term goals of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Sant
- Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139
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1738
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Xiao L, Liu C, Zhu J, Pochan DJ, Jia X. Hybrid, elastomeric hydrogels crosslinked by multifunctional block copolymer micelles. SOFT MATTER 2010; 6:5293-5297. [PMID: 21278815 PMCID: PMC3027150 DOI: 10.1039/c0sm00511h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphlic block copolymers consisting of hydrophilic, poly(acrylic acid) randomly decorated with acrylate groups and hydrophobic, rubbery poly(n-butyl acrylate) self-assembled into well-defined micelles with an average diameter of ~21 nm. Radical polymerization of acrylamide in the presence of the crosslinkable micelles gave rise to hybrid, elastomeric hydrogels whose mechancial properties can be readily tuned by varying the BCM concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xinqiao Jia
- Corresponding author: Prof. Xinqiao Jia, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 201 DuPont Hall, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA. Phone: 302-831-6553, Fax: 302-831-4545,
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1739
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Tan R, Feng Q, Jin H, Li J, Yu X, She Z, Wang M, Liu H. Structure and biocompatibility of an injectable bone regeneration composite. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2010; 22:1861-79. [PMID: 20979688 DOI: 10.1163/092050610x528561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With the development of minimally invasive techniques, injectable materials have become one of the major hotspots in the biomaterial field. We have developed an injectable bone regeneration composite (IBRC) using calcium alginate hydrogel as matrix to carry nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen particles. In this work, we evaluated the homogeneity of IBRC by dry/wet weight ratio test. The results showed that the structural homogeneity was determined by controlling the molar ratios of trisodium phosphate to calcium sulfate rather than alginate concentration in the studied ranges. Pore sizes of wet IBRC samples were characterized by thermoporometry. The pore properties of dried IBRC were tested by mercury porosimetry. Average pore size and porosity of dried IBRC declined with increasing alginate concentration. In contrast, surprisingly, pore size of wet homogeneous IBRC increased with increasing alginate concentration. Meanwhile, the swelling ratio did not increase with varying alginate concentration, but the swelling degree increased with increasing alginate concentration. In vitro cell culture showed that IBRC had no obvious cytotoxic effect on the rat bone mesenchymal stem cells. The morphology and viability of cells were also related to MR value. IBRC had good histocompatibility with a mild short-term inflammatory response in rat dorsum muscle. In addition, the excellent ability of IBRC to promote bone healing was confirmed by 5-mm-diameter cranial defects using histological analysis and bone mineral density measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongwei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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1740
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Yan C, Altunbas A, Yucel T, Nagarkar RP, Schneider JP, Pochan DJ. Injectable solid hydrogel: mechanism of shear-thinning and immediate recovery of injectable β-hairpin peptide hydrogels. SOFT MATTER 2010; 6:5143-5156. [PMID: 21566690 PMCID: PMC3091287 DOI: 10.1039/c0sm00642d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
β-Hairpin peptide-based hydrogels are a class of injectable hydrogel solids with significant potential use in injectable therapies. β-hairpin peptide hydrogels can be injected as preformed solids, because the solid gel can shear-thin and consequently flow under a proper shear stress but immediately recover back into a solid on removal of the stress. In this work, hydrogel behavior during and after flow was studied in order to facilitate fundamental understanding of how the gels flow during shear-thinning and how they quickly recover mechanically and morphologically relative to their original, pre-flow properties. While all studied β-hairpin hydrogels shear-thin and recover, the duration of shear and the strain rate affected both the gel stiffness immediately recovered after flow and the ultimate stiffness obtained after complete rehealing of the gel. Results of structural analysis during flow were related to bulk rheological behavior and indicated gel network fracture into large (>200 nm) hydrogel domains during flow. After cessation of flow the large hydrogel domains are immediately percolated which immediately reforms the solid hydrogel. The underlying mechanisms of the gel shear-thinning and healing processes are discussed relative to other shear-responsive networks like colloidal gels and micellar solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congqi Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Aysegul Altunbas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Tuna Yucel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Radhika P. Nagarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Joel P. Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Darrin J. Pochan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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1741
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Dickinson LE, Kusuma S, Gerecht S. Reconstructing the differentiation niche of embryonic stem cells using biomaterials. Macromol Biosci 2010; 11:36-49. [PMID: 20967797 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical cues and topographical architecture of the extracellular environment extensively influence ES cell fate. The microenvironment surrounding the developing embryo presents these instructive cues in a complex and interactive manner in order to guide cell fate decisions. Current stem cell research aims to reconstruct this multifaceted embryonic niche to recapitulate development in vitro. This review focuses on 2D and 3D differentiation niches created from natural and synthetic biomaterials to guide the differentiation of ES cells toward specific lineages. Biomaterials engineered to present specific physical constraints are also reviewed for their role in differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Dickinson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
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1742
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Sui X, van Ingen L, Hempenius MA, Vancso GJ. Preparation of a Rapidly Forming Poly(ferrocenylsilane)-Poly(ethylene glycol)-based Hydrogel by a Thiol-Michael Addition Click Reaction. Macromol Rapid Commun 2010; 31:2059-63. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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1743
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Matteini P, Ratto F, Rossi F, Centi S, Dei L, Pini R. Chitosan films doped with gold nanorods as laser-activatable hybrid bioadhesives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:4313-4316. [PMID: 20734385 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201002228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Matteini
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.
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1744
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Carr L, Cheng G, Xue H, Jiang S. Engineering the polymer backbone to strengthen nonfouling sulfobetaine hydrogels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:14793-14798. [PMID: 20731337 DOI: 10.1021/la1028004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that molecularly engineering the chemical structure of a monomer can lead to hydrogels with improved mechanical strength. In this case, hydrogels from zwitterionic sulfobetaine methacrylate monomers were compared to sulfobetaine vinylimidazole (pSBVI) hydrogels. We show that the introduction of the vinylimidazole backbone improves the tensile and compressive mechanical properties of the sulfobetaine hydrogel by an order of magnitude over the same properties of a methacrylate hydrogel. Zwitterionic groups have been shown to create surface coating materials with ultralow fouling properties, and we demonstrate here that the presence of the imidazole group does not compromise the nonfouling properties attributed to the zwitterionic sulfobetaine: surfaces coated with pSBVI exhibited exceptionally low nonspecific protein adsorption, and cell adhesion was reduced by 97% relative to low-fouling poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Carr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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1745
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Hwang CM, Sant S, Masaeli M, Kachouie NN, Zamanian B, Lee SH, Khademhosseini A. Fabrication of three-dimensional porous cell-laden hydrogel for tissue engineering. Biofabrication 2010; 2:035003. [PMID: 20823504 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/2/3/035003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
For tissue engineering applications, scaffolds should be porous to enable rapid nutrient and oxygen transfer while providing a three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment for the encapsulated cells. This dual characteristic can be achieved by fabrication of porous hydrogels that contain encapsulated cells. In this work, we developed a simple method that allows cell encapsulation and pore generation inside alginate hydrogels simultaneously. Gelatin beads of 150-300 microm diameter were used as a sacrificial porogen for generating pores within cell-laden hydrogels. Gelation of gelatin at low temperature (4 degrees C) was used to form beads without chemical crosslinking and their subsequent dissolution after cell encapsulation led to generation of pores within cell-laden hydrogels. The pore size and porosity of the scaffolds were controlled by the gelatin bead size and their volume ratio, respectively. Fabricated hydrogels were characterized for their internal microarchitecture, mechanical properties and permeability. Hydrogels exhibited a high degree of porosity with increasing gelatin bead content in contrast to nonporous alginate hydrogel. Furthermore, permeability increased by two to three orders while compressive modulus decreased with increasing porosity of the scaffolds. Application of these scaffolds for tissue engineering was tested by encapsulation of hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2). All the scaffolds showed similar cell viability; however, cell proliferation was enhanced under porous conditions. Furthermore, porous alginate hydrogels resulted in formation of larger spheroids and higher albumin secretion compared to nonporous conditions. These data suggest that porous alginate hydrogels may have provided a better environment for cell proliferation and albumin production. This may be due to the enhanced mass transfer of nutrients, oxygen and waste removal, which is potentially beneficial for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Mo Hwang
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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1746
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Yan C, Pochan DJ. Rheological properties of peptide-based hydrogels for biomedical and other applications. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:3528-40. [PMID: 20422104 PMCID: PMC3104857 DOI: 10.1039/b919449p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 528] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-based hydrogels are an important class of biomaterials finding use in food industry and potential use in tissue engineering, drug delivery and microfluidics. A primary experimental method to explore the physical properties of these hydrogels is rheology. A fundamental understanding of peptide hydrogel mechanical properties and underlying molecular mechanisms is crucial for determining whether these biomaterials are potentially suitable for biotechnological uses. In this critical review, we cover the literature containing rheological characterization of the physical properties of peptide and polypeptide-based hydrogels including hydrogel bulk mechanical properties, gelation mechanisms, and the behavior of hydrogels during and after flow (219 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Congqi Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delaware Institute of Biotechnology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Darrin J. Pochan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delaware Institute of Biotechnology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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1747
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Tan R, Feng Q, She Z, Wang M, Jin H, Li J, Yu X. In vitro and in vivo degradation of an injectable bone repair composite. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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1748
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Chan V, Zorlutuna P, Jeong JH, Kong H, Bashir R. Three-dimensional photopatterning of hydrogels using stereolithography for long-term cell encapsulation. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:2062-2070. [PMID: 20603661 DOI: 10.1039/c004285d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cell-encapsulated hydrogels with complex three-dimensional (3D) structures were fabricated from photopolymerizable poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) using modified 'top-down' and 'bottoms-up' versions of a commercially available stereolithography apparatus (SLA). Swelling and mechanical properties were measured for PEGDA hydrogels with molecular weights (M(w)) ranging from 700 to 10 000 Daltons (Da). Long-term viability of encapsulated NIH/3T3 cells was quantitatively evaluated using an MTS assay and shown to improve over 14 days by increasing the M(w) of the hydrogels. Addition of adhesive RGDS peptide sequences resulted in increased cell viability, proliferation, and spreading compared to pristine PEG hydrogels of the same M(w). Spatial 3D layer-by-layer cell patterning was successfully demonstrated, and the feasibility of depositing multiple cell types and material compositions into distinct layers was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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1749
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Kloxin AM, Kloxin CJ, Bowman CN, Anseth KS. Mechanical properties of cellularly responsive hydrogels and their experimental determination. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:3484-94. [PMID: 20473984 PMCID: PMC3890982 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200904179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are increasingly employed as multidimensional cell culture platforms often with a necessity that they respond to or control the cellular environment. Specifically, synthetic hydrogels, such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based gels, are frequently utilized for probing the microenvironment's influence on cell function, as the gel properties can be precisely controlled in space and time. Synthetically tunable parameters, such as monomer structure and concentration, facilitate initial gel property control, while incorporation of responsive degradable units enables cell- and/or user-directed degradation. Such responsive gel systems are complex with dynamic changes occurring over multiple time-scales, and cells encapsulated in these synthetic hydrogels often experience and dictate local property changes profoundly different from those in the bulk material. Consequently, advances in bulk and local measurement techniques are needed to monitor property evolution quantatively and understand its effect on cell function. Here, recent progress in cell-responsive PEG hydrogel synthesis and mechanical property characterization is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- AM Kloxin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | | | | | - KS Anseth
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
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1750
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Geckil H, Xu F, Zhang X, Moon S, Demirci U. Engineering hydrogels as extracellular matrix mimics. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:469-84. [PMID: 20394538 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 589] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex cellular environment consisting of proteins, proteoglycans, and other soluble molecules. ECM provides structural support to mammalian cells and a regulatory milieu with a variety of important cell functions, including assembling cells into various tissues and organs, regulating growth and cell-cell communication. Developing a tailored in vitro cell culture environment that mimics the intricate and organized nanoscale meshwork of native ECM is desirable. Recent studies have shown the potential of hydrogels to mimic native ECM. Such an engineered native-like ECM is more likely to provide cells with rational cues for diagnostic and therapeutic studies. The research for novel biomaterials has led to an extension of the scope and techniques used to fabricate biomimetic hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. In this article, we detail the progress of the current state-of-the-art engineering methods to create cell-encapsulating hydrogel tissue constructs as well as their applications in in vitro models in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikmet Geckil
- Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, 65 Landsdowne St., #267, 02139 Cambridge, MA, USA
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