1801
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Le Gall T, Loizeau D, Picquet E, Carmoy N, Yaouanc JJ, Burel-Deschamps L, Delépine P, Giamarchi P, Jaffrès PA, Lehn P, Montier T. A Novel Cationic Lipophosphoramide with Diunsaturated Lipid Chains: Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties, and Transfection Activities. J Med Chem 2010; 53:1496-508. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900897a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Damien Loizeau
- Laboratoire CEMCA, CNRS UMR 6521, IFR 148 ScInBIoS; Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Erwan Picquet
- Laboratoire CEMCA, CNRS UMR 6521, IFR 148 ScInBIoS; Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | | | - Jean-Jacques Yaouanc
- IBiSA SynNanoVect platform
- Laboratoire CEMCA, CNRS UMR 6521, IFR 148 ScInBIoS; Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Laure Burel-Deschamps
- Laboratoire CEMCA, CNRS UMR 6521, IFR 148 ScInBIoS; Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | | | - Philippe Giamarchi
- Laboratoire CEMCA, CNRS UMR 6521, IFR 148 ScInBIoS; Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Paul-Alain Jaffrès
- IBiSA SynNanoVect platform
- Laboratoire CEMCA, CNRS UMR 6521, IFR 148 ScInBIoS; Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
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1802
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Liu M, Chen J, Cheng YP, Xue YN, Zhuo RX, Huang SW. Novel Poly(amidoamine)s with Pendant Primary Amines as Highly Efficient Gene Delivery Vectors. Macromol Biosci 2010; 10:384-92. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200900265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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1803
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Yu M, Zu SZ, Chen Y, Liu YP, Han BH, Liu Y. Spatially Controllable DNA Condensation by a Water-Soluble Supramolecular Hybrid of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and β-Cyclodextrin-Tethered Ruthenium Complexes. Chemistry 2010; 16:1168-74. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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1804
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A randomly branched poly(hydroxyl-β-amino amide): synthesis and complexation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-009-9379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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1805
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Caminade AM, Hameau A, Majoral JP. Multicharged and/or water-soluble fluorescent dendrimers: properties and uses. Chemistry 2010; 15:9270-85. [PMID: 19718727 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence of water-soluble dendritic compounds can be due to the whole structure or to fluorophores used as core, as peripheral groups, or as branches. Highly sophisticated precisely defined structures with other functional groups usable for material or biological purposes have been synthesised, but many recent examples have shown that dendrimers can be used as versatile platforms for statistically linking various types of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC) CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France.
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1806
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Cheang TY, Wang SM, Hu ZJ, Xing ZH, Chang GQ, Yao C, Liu Y, Zhang H, Xu AW. Calcium carbonate/CaIP6 nanocomposite particles as gene delivery vehicles for human vascular smooth muscle cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm00852d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1807
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Zeng X, Sun YX, Zhang XZ, Zhuo RX. Influential factors associated with biotinylated disulfide containing PEI/avidin bioconjugate mediated gene delivery in HepG2 cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:1933-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c003709e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1808
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Pavan GM, Danani A. The influence of dendron's architecture on the “rigid” and “flexible” behaviour in binding DNA—a modelling study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:13914-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01124j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1809
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Sizovs A, McLendon PM, Srinivasachari S, Reineke TM. Carbohydrate polymers for nonviral nucleic acid delivery. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2010; 296:131-90. [PMID: 21504102 PMCID: PMC4096969 DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates have been investigated and developed as delivery vehicles for shuttling nucleic acids into cells. In this review, we present the state of the art in carbohydrate-based polymeric vehicles for nucleic acid delivery, with the focus on the recent successes in preclinical models, both in vitro and in vivo. Polymeric scaffolds based on the natural polysaccharides chitosan, hyaluronan, pullulan, dextran, and schizophyllan each have unique properties and potential for modification, and these results are discussed with the focus on facile synthetic routes and favorable performance in biological systems. Many of these carbohydrates have been used to develop alternative types of biomaterials for nucleic acid delivery to typical polyplexes, and these novel materials are discussed. Also presented are polymeric vehicles that incorporate copolymerized carbohydrates into polymer backbones based on polyethylenimine and polylysine and their effect on transfection and biocompatibility. Unique scaffolds, such as clusters and polymers based on cyclodextrin (CD), are also discussed, with the focus on recent successes in vivo and in the clinic. These results are presented with the emphasis on the role of carbohydrate and charge on transfection. Use of carbohydrates as molecular recognition ligands for cell-type specific delivery is also briefly reviewed. We contend that carbohydrates have contributed significantly to progress in the field of non-viral DNA delivery, and these new discoveries are impactful for developing new vehicles and materials for treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antons Sizovs
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA24060, USA
| | - Patrick M. McLendon
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA24060, USA
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45228, USA
| | - Sathya Srinivasachari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA24060, USA
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1810
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Wang YQ, Sun YX, Hong XL, Zhang XZ, Zhang GY. Poly(methyl methacrylate)-graft-oligoamines as low cytotoxic and efficient nonviral gene vectors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 6:256-63. [DOI: 10.1039/b915718b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1811
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1812
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Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a specific gene-silencing mechanism triggered by small interfering RNA (siRNA). The application of RNAi in the clinic requires the development of safe and effective delivery systems. Inspired by progress with lipid-based systems in drug delivery, efforts have been dedicated to the development of liposomal siRNA delivery systems. Many of the lipid-based delivery vehicles self-assemble with siRNA through electrostatic interactions with charged amines, generating multi-lamellar lipoplexes with positively charged lipid bilayers separated from one another by sheets of negatively charged siRNA strands. Internalization of lipid-based siRNA delivery systems into cells typically occurs through endocytosis; accordingly, delivery requires materials that can facilitate endosomal escape. The size of the carrier is important as carriers <100 nm in diameter have been reported to have higher accumulation levels in tumours, hepatocytes and inflamed tissue, whereas larger particles tend to be taken up by Kupffer cells or other components of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). To reduce RES uptake and increase circulation time, carriers have been modified on the surface with hydrophilic materials, such as polyethyleneglycol. Herein, we review the molecular and structural parameters of lipid-based siRNA delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schroeder
- Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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1813
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Chen JX, Wang HY, Quan CY, Xu XD, Zhang XZ, Zhuo RX. Amphiphilic cationic lipopeptides with RGD sequences as gene vectors. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:3142-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c003538f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1814
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Unciti-Broceta A, Bacon MN, Bradley M. Strategies for the preparation of synthetic transfection vectors. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2010; 296:15-49. [PMID: 21504099 DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the late 1980s independent work by Felgner and Behr pioneered the use of cationic materials to complex and deliver nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells. Since this time, a vast number of synthetic transfection vectors, which are typically divided into two main "transfectors", have been developed namely: (1) cationic lipids and (2) polycationic polymers. In this chapter the main synthetic approaches used for the synthesis of these compounds will be reviewed with particular attention paid to: cationic lipids and dendrimers. This review is aimed primarily at the younger audience of doctoral students and non-specialist readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Unciti-Broceta
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, UK.
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1815
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Xiang YZ, Feng ZH, Zhang J, Liao YL, Yu CJ, Yi WJ, Zhu W, Yu XQ. Linear cyclen-based polyamine as a novel and efficient reagent in gene delivery. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:640-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b914877a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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1816
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Posocco P, Fermeglia M, Pricl S. Morphology prediction of block copolymers for drug delivery by mesoscale simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm01301c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1817
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Nault L, Cumbo A, Pretôt RF, Sciotti MA, Shahgaldian P. Cell transfection using layer-by-layer (LbL) coated calixarene-based solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:5581-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b926025k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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1818
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van den Berg JH, Oosterhuis K, Hennink WE, Storm G, van der Aa LJ, Engbersen JF, Haanen JB, Beijnen JH, Schumacher TN, Nuijen B. Shielding the cationic charge of nanoparticle-formulated dermal DNA vaccines is essential for antigen expression and immunogenicity. J Control Release 2010; 141:234-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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1819
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Skwarczynski M, Ziora ZM, Coles DJ, Lin IC, Toth I. Thymine, adenine and lipoamino acid based gene delivery systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:3140-2. [DOI: 10.1039/b924371b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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1820
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Fuchs S, Coester C. Protein-based nanoparticles as a drug delivery system: chances, risks, perspectives. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(10)50056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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1821
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Merkel OM, Mintzer MA, Sitterberg J, Bakowsky U, Simanek EE, Kissel T. Triazine dendrimers as nonviral gene delivery systems: effects of molecular structure on biological activity. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:1799-806. [PMID: 19708683 DOI: 10.1021/bc900243r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A family of generation 1, 2, and 3 triazine dendrimers differing in their core flexibility was prepared and evaluated for their ability to accomplish gene transfection. Dendrimers and dendriplexes were analyzed by their physicochemical and biological properties such as condensation of DNA, size, surface charge, morphology of dendriplexes, toxic and hemolytic effects, and ultimately transfection efficiency in L929 and MeWo cells. Flexibility of the backbone was found to play an important role with generation 2 dendrimer displaying higher transfection efficiencies than 25 kDa poly(ethylene imine) or SuperFect at a lower cytotoxicity level. This result is surprising, as PAMAM dendrimers require generations 4 or 5 to become effective transfection reagents. The ability to delineate effects of molecular structure and generation of triazine dendrimers with biological properties provides valuable clues for further modifying this promising class of nonviral delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Philipps-Universitat, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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1822
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Haley J, Geng Y. Role of DNA in condensation and combinative self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009; 46:955-7. [PMID: 20107662 DOI: 10.1039/b921404f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We reveal the vital role of DNA topology and conformation in directing the combinative self-assembly and condensation pathway and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Haley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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1823
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Santhiya D, Dias RS, Shome A, Das PK, Miguel MG, Lindman B, Maiti S. Role of linker groups between hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties of cationic surfactants on oligonucleotide-surfactant interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:13770-13775. [PMID: 19681626 DOI: 10.1021/la901546t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between DNA and amino-acid-based surfactants with different linker groups was investigated by gel electrophoresis, ethidium bromide exclusion assays, circular dichroism, and melting temperature determinations. The studies showed that the strength of the interaction between the oligonucleotides and the surfactants is highly dependent on the linker of the surfactant. For ester surfactants, no significant interaction was observed for surfactant-to-DNA charge ratios up to 12. On the other hand, amide surfactants were shown to interact strongly with the oligonucleotides; these surfactants could displace up to 75% of the ethidium bromide molecules bound to the DNA and induced significant changes in the circular dichroism spectra. When comparing the headgroups of the surfactants, it was observed that surfactants with more hydrophobic headgroups (proline vs alanine) interacted more strongly with the DNA, in good agreement with previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deenan Santhiya
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, CSIR, Mall Road, Delhi 110 007, India
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1824
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Abstract
The cornea is particularly suited to gene therapy. The cornea is readily accessible, normally transparent, and is somewhat sequestrated from the general circulation and the systemic immune system. The principle of genetic therapy for the cornea is to use an appropriate vector system to transfer a gene to the cornea itself, or to the ocular environs, or systemically, so that a transgenic protein will be expressed that will modulate congenital or acquired disease. The protein may be structural such as a collagen, or functionally active such as an enzyme, cytokine or growth factor that may modulate a pathological process. Alternatively, gene expression may be silenced by the use of modalities such as antisense oligonucleotides. Interestingly, despite a very considerable amount of work in animal models, clinical translation directed to gene therapy of the human cornea has been minimal. This is in contrast to gene therapy for monogenic inherited diseases of the retina, where promising early results of clinical trials for Leber's congenital amaurosis have already been published and a number of other trials are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keryn A Williams
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia.
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1825
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Delehanty JB, Boeneman K, Bradburne CE, Robertson K, Medintz IL. Quantum dots: a powerful tool for understanding the intricacies of nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:1091-112. [PMID: 19691443 DOI: 10.1517/17425240903167934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery (NMDD) is an emerging research area that seeks to address many of the pharmacokinetic issues encountered with traditional systemically administered drug therapies. Although the field is still in its infancy, recent research has already highlighted the potential for improved drug delivery and targeted therapeutics; however, the real promise lies in combining drug therapy with diagnostic imaging, nucleic acid delivery/gene therapy and/or biosensing applications all in one engineered nanoparticle vector. In this review, the authors discuss the unique contributions that luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) offer for NMDD, how they can function as a powerful nanoscale platform to understand this process at its most basic level, and even provide drug-related properties in certain circumstances. Selected examples from the current literature are utilized to describe both their potential and the contributions they have already made towards the design and implementation of NMDD vectors. Important related issues such as QD biofunctionalization and toxicity are also discussed. The paper concludes with a perspective of how this field can be expected to develop in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Delehanty
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, SW Washington, DC 20375, USA
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1826
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Liu M, Chen J, Xue YN, Liu WM, Zhuo RX, Huang SW. Poly(β-aminoester)s with Pendant Primary Amines for Efficient Gene Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:2317-23. [DOI: 10.1021/bc900317m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Xi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Wen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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1827
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Polycationic Amphiphilic Cyclodextrins for Gene Delivery: Synthesis and Effect of Structural Modifications on Plasmid DNA Complex Stability, Cytotoxicity, and Gene Expression. Chemistry 2009; 15:12871-88. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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1828
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Li Y, Zhu Y, Xia K, Sheng R, Jia L, Hou X, Xu Y, Cao A. Dendritic poly(L-lysine)-b-Poly(L-lactide)-b-dendritic poly(L-lysine) amphiphilic gene delivery vectors: roles of PLL dendritic generation and enhanced transgene efficacies via termini modification. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:2284-93. [PMID: 19586045 DOI: 10.1021/bm900456x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As an effort to prepare new efficient gene delivery vectors, we have recently developed and reported an amphiphilic dendritic poly(L-lysine)-b-poly(L-lactide)-b-dendritic poly(L-lysine) D(2)-PLLA-D(2) with two-generation PLL dendrons and a PLLA block. In this work, we continued to explore the roles of dendritic PLL generation in DNA binding and intracellular delivery of gene, and a new series of amphiphilic dendritic poly(L-lysine)-b-poly(L-lactide)-b-dendritic poly(L-lysine)s D(n)-PLLA-D(n) (n = 3-5) were synthesized and were structurally characterized. Furthermore, plasmid DNA binding affinity for these cationic amphiphiles was examined by agarose gel electrophoresis and fluorescence titration assay in pure water and PBS buffer solution containing 150 mM NaCl (pH = 7.4), respectively. By dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), the interaction and complexation in between were investigated, concerning the DNA/vector polyplex particle morphologies and zeta potentials. Utilizing a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell-line SMMC-7721, cell toxicity, and gene transfection in vitro were explored. To further improve transgene efficiency for these synthetic cationic amphiphiles as gene delivery vectors, new structural DE(n)-PLLA-DE(n) (n = 2-3) were prepared through an amino termini modification of the D(n)-PLLA-D(n) (n = 2-3) with less toxic 4,7,10,13-tetraazatridecanoic acids, and gene transfection with these DE(n)-PLLA-DE(n) (n = 2-3) was examined with an alternative human gastric carcinoma cell-line HGC-27. As a result, the high plasmid DNA binding affinity, low cytotoxicity, and much enhanced transgene efficacy suggest a new possible clue to design effective synthetic gene delivery vectors with amphiphilic skeleton and less toxic polyamine building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Laboratory for Polymer Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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1829
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Liu L, Zhang H, Meng X, Yin J, Li D, Liu C. Dinuclear metal(II) complexes of polybenzimidazole ligands as carriers for DNA delivery. Biomaterials 2009; 31:1380-91. [PMID: 19906419 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A metal-based nonviral carrier for DNA-transfer in gene therapy was synthesized and characterized. The strong intermolecular pi-pi contacts are common in the observed dinuclear Cu(2+) and Co(2+) complexes of polybenzimidazole ligands. The affinity assays indicated that the strong binding of the complexes to DNA is driven by both electrostatic attractions between the complexes and DNA and the intercalation of the ligands between DNA base pairs. The typical in vitro studies showed that micromolar doses of each complex tested can efficiently and rapidly condense free DNA, either in linear or circular state, from solutions into well defined and globular nanoparticles with varied sizes. Therefore, the formation and dissociation of the DNA condensates were explored in detail under different conditions, indicating that the sizes of DNA condensates can be regulated by changing both doses and incubation time for the different dinuclear complexes. Since the intermolecular pi-pi interactions in the DNA-bound complexes may be a key force to drive DNA condensation, we propose a new DNA condensation model that is essentially distinct from that proposed for the most studied multivalent cationic reagents used in DNA condensation. The cellular uptake experiments successfully performed with the DNA condensates including plasmid pGL3 control vector that strongly expresses luciferase in many types of mammalian cells, as well as cytotoxicity evaluation, demonstrated the potentiality of the dinuclear metal(II) complexes as a new nonviral gene carrier. Finally, the dinuclear Co(2+) complexes of polybenzimidazole ligands are suggested to be the most potential nonviral gene carriers that are not impacted by serum proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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1830
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Nemoto Y, Borovkov A, Zhou YM, Takewa Y, Tatsumi E, Nakayama Y. Impact of Molecular Weight in Four-Branched Star Vectors with Narrow Molecular Weight Distribution on Gene Delivery Efficiency. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:2293-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bc900283h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Nemoto
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Artificial Organs, Advanced Medical Engineering Center, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Division of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, and Development Department, Chemical Products Development Department, Bridgestone Company
| | - Alexey Borovkov
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Artificial Organs, Advanced Medical Engineering Center, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Division of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, and Development Department, Chemical Products Development Department, Bridgestone Company
| | - Yue-Min Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Artificial Organs, Advanced Medical Engineering Center, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Division of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, and Development Department, Chemical Products Development Department, Bridgestone Company
| | - Yoshiaki Takewa
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Artificial Organs, Advanced Medical Engineering Center, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Division of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, and Development Department, Chemical Products Development Department, Bridgestone Company
| | - Eisuke Tatsumi
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Artificial Organs, Advanced Medical Engineering Center, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Division of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, and Development Department, Chemical Products Development Department, Bridgestone Company
| | - Yasuhide Nakayama
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Artificial Organs, Advanced Medical Engineering Center, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Division of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, and Development Department, Chemical Products Development Department, Bridgestone Company
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1831
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Korolev N, Berezhnoy NV, Eom KD, Tam JP, Nordenskiöld L. A universal description for the experimental behavior of salt-(in)dependent oligocation-induced DNA condensation. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37:7137-50. [PMID: 19773427 PMCID: PMC2790876 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a systematic study of the condensation of plasmid DNA by oligocations with variation of the charge, Z, from +3 to +31. The oligocations include a series of synthetic linear epsilon-oligo(l-lysines), (denoted epsilonKn, n = 3-10, 31; n is the number of lysines equal to the ligand charge) and branched alpha-substituted homologues of epsilonK10: epsilonYK10, epsilonLK10 (Z = +10); epsilonRK10, epsilonYRK10 and epsilonLYRK10 (Z = +20). Data were obtained by light scattering, UV absorption monitored precipitation assay and isothermal titration calorimetry in a wide range concentrations of DNA and monovalent salt (KCl, C(KCl)). The dependence of EC(50) (ligand concentration at the midpoint of DNA condensation) on C(KCl) shows the existence of a salt-independent regime at low C(KCl) and a salt-dependent regime with a steep rise of EC(50) with increase of C(KCl). Increase of the ligand charge shifts the transition from the salt-independent to salt-dependent regime to higher C(KCl). A novel and simple relationship describing the EC(50) dependence on DNA concentration, charge of the ligand and the salt-dependent dissociation constant of the ligand-DNA complex is derived. For the epsilon-oligolysines epsilonK3-epsilonK10, the experimental dependencies of EC(50) on C(KCl) and Z are well-described by an equation with a common set of parameters. Implications from our findings for understanding DNA condensation in chromatin are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Korolev
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | | | | | | | - Lars Nordenskiöld
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
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1832
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Abstract
Neurons in vitro are different from any other cell types in their sensitivity and complexity. Growing, differentiating, transfecting, and recording from single neurons and neuronal networks all present particular challenges. Some of the difficulties arise from the small scale of cellular structures, and have already seen substantial advances due to nanotechnology, particularly highly fluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles. Other issues have less obvious solutions, but the complex and often surprising way that novel nanomaterials react with cells have suggested some revolutionary approaches. We review some of the ways nanomaterials and nanostructures can contribute to in vitro neuroscience, with a particular focus on emphasizing techniques that are widely accessible to many laboratories and on providing references to protocols and methods. The issues of nanotoxicology of greatest interest to cultured neurons are discussed. Finally, we present some future trends and challenges in nano-neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Cooper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4 Canada.
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1833
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Ahmed M, Deng Z, Liu S, Lafrenie R, Kumar A, Narain R. Cationic Glyconanoparticles: Their Complexation with DNA, Cellular Uptake, and Transfection Efficiencies. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:2169-76. [DOI: 10.1021/bc900350c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marya Ahmed
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G6, Canada, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, 935, Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 2C6, Canada, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China, and Regional Cancer Program of the Hospital, 41 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhicheng Deng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G6, Canada, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, 935, Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 2C6, Canada, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China, and Regional Cancer Program of the Hospital, 41 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shiyong Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G6, Canada, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, 935, Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 2C6, Canada, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China, and Regional Cancer Program of the Hospital, 41 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Lafrenie
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G6, Canada, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, 935, Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 2C6, Canada, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China, and Regional Cancer Program of the Hospital, 41 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aseem Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G6, Canada, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, 935, Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 2C6, Canada, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China, and Regional Cancer Program of the Hospital, 41 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G6, Canada, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, 935, Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 2C6, Canada, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China, and Regional Cancer Program of the Hospital, 41 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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1834
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Maslov MA, Morosova NG, Senan IM, Serebrennikova GA. Synthesis of cationic lipid transfection agents with O,O- or N,O-acetal linkages. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009; 35:696-700. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162009050148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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1835
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Ou M, Kim TI, Yockman JW, Borden BA, Bull DA, Kim SW. Polymer transfected primary myoblasts mediated efficient gene expression and angiogenic proliferation. J Control Release 2009; 142:61-9. [PMID: 19818372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the in vitro gene expression efficiency and therapeutic effectiveness of polymer mediated transfection of primary myoblasts. Autologous primary myoblast transplantation may improve the function of infarcted myocardium via myogenesis. In addition, primary myoblasts can carry exogenous angiogenic genes that encode angiogenic factors to promote therapeutic angiogenesis. Viral vectors have limited clinical application due to the induction of inflammatory reactions, tumorigenic mutations and genome integration. To overcome these problems, two new biodegradable poly(disulfide amine)s, poly(cystaminebisacryamide-diaminohexane) [poly(CBA-DAH)] and poly(cystaminebisacryamide-diaminohexane-arginine) [poly(CBA-DAH-R)], were synthesized as polymer carriers for gene delivery. In this study, primary myoblasts were isolated and purified from rat skeletal muscles. Based on an optimized polymer mediated transfection procedure using a luciferase assay and confocal microscopy, these two poly(disulfide amine)s induced up to 16-fold higher luciferase expression and much higher green fluorescence protein expression than branched poy(ethylenimine) (bPEI, 25kDa) in primary myoblasts. By flow cytometry, poly(CBA-DAH) and poly(CBA-DAH-R) promote rates of cellular uptake of florescence-labeled polymer/pDNA complexes of 97% and 99%, respectively, which are rates higher than that of bPEI 25kDa (87%). Both poly(disulfide amine)s were much less cytotoxic than bPEI 25kDa. The in vitro time-course and co-culture experiments verified that polymer engineered primary myoblasts have the ability to stimulate endothelial proliferation. These data confirmed that poly(disulfide amine)s are the safe and feasible polymeric gene carriers to transfect VEGF(165) into primary myoblasts. Polymer engineered primary myoblasts have potential for therapeutic application in the treatment of ischemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ou
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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1836
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Haley J, Kabiru P, Geng Y. Effect of clustered peptide binding on DNA condensation. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2009; 6:249-55. [PMID: 20024087 DOI: 10.1039/b908873c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
DNA condensation in-vitro has been studied as a model system to reveal common principles underlying gene packaging in biology, and as the critical first step towards the development of non-viral gene delivery vectors. In this study, we use a bio-inspired approach, where small DNA-binding peptides are controllably clustered by an amphiphilic block copolymer scaffold, to reveal the effect of clustered peptide binding on the energetics, size, shape and physical properties of DNA condensation in-vitro. This provides insights into the general architectural effect of gene-binding proteins on DNA condensation process. Moreover, the versatility afforded by regulating the clustering density and composition of peptides may provide a novel design platform for gene delivery applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Haley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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1837
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Ahmed M, Deng Z, Narain R. Study of transfection efficiencies of cationic glyconanoparticles of different sizes in human cell line. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2009; 1:1980-1987. [PMID: 20355823 DOI: 10.1021/am900357x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The growing attention toward the synthesis and uses of gold nanoparticles for biomedical applications is based on their biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, and unique optical and electronic properties. Recently, the gold nanoparticles are also found to induce the size-dependent interactions with living tissues. It has been found that gold nanoparticles of different sizes are uptaken by the cells in vitro and by the organs of living specimens in vivo at different rates. Herein, we report the use of gold nanoparticles of different sizes as a gene delivery agent. The gold nanoparticles of 10, 40, and 100 nm diameter were surface functionalized with cationic glycopolymer, and their biocompatibility under physiological conditions was investigated. The stable nanoparticles were then complexed with enhanced cyanine fluorescence protein plasmid (pECFP) and their transfection efficiencies in Hela cell line were studied. It was found that gold nanoparticles of 40 nm core diameter exhibit highest transfection efficiencies compared to the other sizes of nanoparticles studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
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1838
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Convenient synthesis of polycationic amphiphiles by the Fukuyama reaction. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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1839
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Liu J, Stace-Naughton A, Brinker CJ. Silica nanoparticle supported lipid bilayers for gene delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:5100-2. [PMID: 20448959 DOI: 10.1039/b911472f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticle supported cationic lipids can effectively bind plasmid DNAs and transfect mammalian cells with an efficiency that depends on both the particle size and lipid composition; here the gene delivery and expression process has been confirmed by confocal fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juewen Liu
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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1840
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van Dijk M, Rijkers DTS, Liskamp RMJ, van Nostrum CF, Hennink WE. Synthesis and Applications of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Polymers via Click Chemistry Methodologies. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:2001-16. [DOI: 10.1021/bc900087a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten van Dijk
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk T. S. Rijkers
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob M. J. Liskamp
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelus F. van Nostrum
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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1841
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Ou M, Xu R, Kim SH, Bull DA, Kim SW. A family of bioreducible poly(disulfide amine)s for gene delivery. Biomaterials 2009; 30:5804-14. [PMID: 19615739 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A family of bioreducible poly(disulfide amine)s, which differ in the length of polymethylene spacer [-(CH(2))(n)-] in the main chain and the side chain, has been synthesized. These bioreducible poly(disulfide amine)s exhibit local environment specific degradability and are associated with lower cytotoxicity than branched poly(ethylenimine) (bPEI, 25 kDa). These cationic polymers also show higher buffering capacity and protonation degree than bPEI, facilitating the endosomal escape of carried genetic materials. The transfection efficiency of these agents is oligomethylene length dependent. Poly(cystaminebisacrylamide-spermine) [poly(CBA-SP)], poly(cystaminebisacrylamide-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-propanediamine) [poly(CBA-APPD)], and poly(cyxtaminebisacrylamide-bis(3-aminopropyl)-ethylenediamine) [ploy(CBA-APED)] with longer propylene [-(CH(2))(3)-] side spacer, demonstrate higher transfection efficacy than the counterpart poly(cystaminebisacrylamide-bis(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-propanediamine) [poly(CBA-AEPD)] and poly(cystaminebisacrylamide-triethylenetetramine) [poly(CBA-TETA)], which have shorter ethylene [-(CH(2))(2)-] side spacer. The poly(CBA-SP), poly(CBA-APPD), poly(CBA-APED) with the main chain spacer of -(CH(2))(4)-, -(CH(2))(3)-, -(CH(2))(2)- demonstrate similar transfection efficiency, indicating the length of polymer main chain spacer has less influence on transfection efficiency. However, with the same short ethylene [-(CH(2))(2)-] side spacer, poly(CBA-AEPD), with the longer main chain oligomethylene units [-(CH(2))(3)-], showed relatively higher transfection efficiency than poly(CBA-TETA), having shorter main chain oligomethylene units [-(CH(2))(2)-]. Of these polymeric carriers, poly(CBA-SP) demonstrated the highest transfection in the C2C12 cell line, while poly(CBA-APED) showed the highest transfection in the HeLa cell line. All of these agents showed greater transfection activity than commercialized bPEI 25 kDa. The poly(disulfide amine)s are promising safe and efficient non-viral vectors for gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ou
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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1842
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Srinivas R, Samanta S, Chaudhuri A. Cationic amphiphiles: promising carriers of genetic materials in gene therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:3326-38. [PMID: 20449052 DOI: 10.1039/b813869a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The clinical success of gene therapy critically depends on the use of efficient and safe gene delivery reagents. The present tutorial review is aimed at inspiring young researchers and students to take up the unsolved challenges in using cationic amphiphiles as safe gene transfer reagents. The review highlights important structure-activity studies in the field to date including the use of cationic amphiphiles for receptor specific targeted gene therapy and for delivery of siRNAs in the emerging field of RNA interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramishetti Srinivas
- Division of Lipid Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 607, India
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1843
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Wang CF, Lin YX, Jiang T, He F, Zhuo RX. Polyethylenimine-grafted polycarbonates as biodegradable polycations for gene delivery. Biomaterials 2009; 30:4824-32. [PMID: 19539366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Polycations as one of non-viral vectors have gained increasing attentions. In this paper, polyethylenimine(PEI)-grafted polycarbonates (PMAC-g-PEIx) were synthesized as a kind of biodegradable polycations for gene delivery. Backbone polymer, poly(5-methyl-5-allyloxycarbonyl-trimethylene carbonate) (PMAC), was synthesized in bulk catalyzed by immobilized porcine pancreas lipase (IPPL). Then, PMAC-O, the allyl epoxidation product of PMAC, was further modified by PEIx with low molecular weight (x = 423, 800 and 1800). The MWs of PMAC-g-PEIx, measured by GPC-MALLS, were 81,900, 179,900 and 200,600 g/mol with polydispersities of 1.2, 1.4 and 1.7, respectively. PMAC-g-PEIx could form positively charged nano-sized particles (30-90 nm) with pDNA, and all the three PAMC-g-PEIx/DNA polyplexes had similar buffer capabilities. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the PAMC-g-PEIx showed much low cytotoxicity and enhanced transfection efficiency could be found in comparison with PEI25K in 293T cells. Furthermore, pre-incubation of PMAC-g-PEI1800 showed a weakening binding capacity with DNA. The biodegradability of PMAC-g-PEIx can facilitate the efficient release of pDNA from polyplexes and reduce cell cytotoxicity. These results suggested that PMAC-g-PEIx would be a promising non-viral biodegradable vector for gene delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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1844
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Layman JM, Ramirez SM, Green MD, Long TE. Influence of Polycation Molecular Weight on Poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-Mediated DNA Delivery In Vitro. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1244-52. [DOI: 10.1021/bm9000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Layman
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Sean M. Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Matthew D. Green
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Timothy E. Long
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
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1845
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Mintzer MA, Merkel OM, Kissel T, Simanek EE. Polycationic triazine-based dendrimers: effect of peripheral groups on transfection efficiency. NEW J CHEM 2009; 33:1918-1925. [PMID: 19960102 PMCID: PMC2786084 DOI: 10.1039/b908735d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A panel of eight, second generation triazine dendrimers differing in the number of amines, guanidines, hydroxyls and aliphatic groups on the periphery was synthesized and assayed for gene transfer in an attempt to correlate the effects of surface functionality on transfection efficiency. The physicochemical and biological properties of the dendrimers and dendriplexes, such as condensation of DNA, size, surface charge and morphology of dendriplexes, toxicity and ultimately transfection efficiency in MeWo cells, were analyzed. The results from an ethidium bromide exclusion assay showed that the complexation efficiency of the dendrimers with DNA is moderately affected by surface groups. Increasing the number of surface amines, reducing the number of surface hydroxyl groups, or replacing the amine moiety with guanidines all help strengthen the complex formed. Results from dynamic light scattering and zeta potential analyses indicate that the smallest particles correlate with complexes that exhibit the highest zeta potentials. Cytotoxicity was low for all compounds, particularly for the G2-5 dendrimer containing alkyl groups on the periphery, indicating the benefit of incorporating such neutral functionality onto the surface of the triazine dendrimers. Within this panel, the highest transfection efficiency was observed for the dendrimers that formed the smallest complexes, suggesting that this physicochemical property is an accurate predictor for determining which dendrimers will show high transfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A. Mintzer
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA
| | - Olivia M. Merkel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Phillipps-Universität Marburg, Ketzerbach 63, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kissel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Phillipps-Universität Marburg, Ketzerbach 63, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Eric E. Simanek
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA
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1846
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1847
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Bhattacharya S, Bajaj A. Advances in gene delivery through molecular design of cationic lipids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:4632-56. [DOI: 10.1039/b900666b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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