151
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Tabrez S, Ahmad M. Cytochrome P450 system as potential biomarkers of certain toxicants: comparison between plant and animal models. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:2977-2987. [PMID: 22773083 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2765-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In present study, we measured the activities of some selected cytochrome P450 isozymes like ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD), pentoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (PROD), and N-nitrosodimethylamine demethylase (NDMA-d) treating experimental rats with different environmental toxicants, namely trichloroethylene (TCE), heavy metal mixture, and ethyl alcohol individually or in combination and by exposing the Allium cepa bulbs to increasing concentration of TCE for 48 h. In animal system, NDMA-d activity displayed a remarkable amplification by 4.2-fold in the liver of alcohol ingested rats compared with control animals. TCE intake also resulted in a marked increase of around 3.8-fold and 1.2-fold in rats' NDMA-d activity in the liver and kidney, respectively. In onion bulbs, an amazing rise in the activity of test enzymes was recorded in a dose-dependent manner. Among the said enzymes, PROD showed maximum increase up to the extent of 22-fold in comparison with control at 20 ppm of TCE exposure, whereas NDMA-d and EROD showed 11- and 9-fold increase in enzymatic activity, respectively, compared with the control. Based on this study, we conclude and advocate that all the selected isozymes of CYP450 system, viz. PROD, NDMA-d, and EROD can act as potent biomarkers in plant system for assessing the TCE pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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152
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Cadmium induced Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation by disturbing calcium homeostasis in its hepatotoxicity. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e540. [PMID: 23492771 PMCID: PMC3615741 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical targets in the hepatotoxicity of cadmium (Cd). Abnormal mitochondrial dynamics have been increasingly implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction in pathophysiological conditions. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of Cd on mitochondrial dynamics during hepatotoxicity. In the L02 liver cell lines, 12 μM cadmium chloride (CdCl2) exposure induced excessive mitochondrial fragmentation as early as 3 h post-treatment with Cd, which preceded the mitochondrial dysfunction such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) loss and ATP reduction. Concurrent to mitochondrial fragmentation, CdCl2 treatment increased the protein levels of dynamin-related protein (Drp1) and promoted the recruitment of Drp1 into mitochondria. Strikingly, mitochondrial fragmentation also occurred in the liver tissue of rats exposed to CdCl2, accompanied by enhanced recruitment of Drp1 into mitochondria. Moreover, in L02 cells, Drp1 silencing could effectively reverse Cd-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, the increased expression and mitochondrial recruitment of Drp1 were tightly related to the disturbance of calcium homeostasis, which could be prevented by both chelating [Ca2+]i and inhibiting [Ca2+]m uptake. Overall, our study indicated that Cd induced Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation by disturbing calcium homeostasis to promote hepatotoxicity. Manipulation of Drp1 may be the potential avenue for developing novel strategies to protect against cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity.
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153
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Unno K, Yamoto K, Takeuchi K, Kataoka A, Ozaki T, Mochizuki T, Honda K, Miura N, Ikeda M. Acute enhancement of non-rapid eye movement sleep in rats after drinking water contaminated with cadmium chloride. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:205-13. [PMID: 23349044 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal widely used or effused by industries. Serious environmental Cd pollution has been reported over the past two centuries, whereas the mechanisms underlying Cd-mediated diseases are not fully understood. Interestingly, an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) after Cd exposure has been shown. Our group has demonstrated that sleep is triggered via accumulation of ROS during neuronal activities, and we thus hypothesize the involvement of Cd poisoning in sleep-wake irregularities. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of Cd intake (1-100 ppm CdCl₂ in drinking water) on rats by monitoring sleep encephalograms and locomotor activities. The results demonstrated that 100 ppm CdCl₂ administration for 28 h was sufficient to increase non-rapid-eye-movement (non-REM) sleep and reduce locomotor activities during the night (the rat active phase). In contrast, free-running locomotor rhythms under constant dim red light and their re-entrainment to 12:12-h light/dark cycles were intact under chronic (1 month) 100 ppm CdCl₂ administrations, suggesting a limited influence on circadian clock movements at this dosage. The relative amount of oxidized glutathione increased in the brain after the 28-h 100 ppm CdCl₂ administrations similar to the levels in cultured astrocytes receiving H₂O₂ or CdCl₂ in culture medium. Therefore, we propose Cd-induced sleep as a consequence of oxidative stress. As oxidized glutathione is an endogenous sleep substance, we suggest that Cd rapidly induces sleepiness and influences activity performance by occupying intrinsic sleep-inducing mechanisms. In conclusion, we propose increased non-REM sleep during the active phase as an index of acute Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Unno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190, Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
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154
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Thilakchand KR, Mathai RT, Simon P, Ravi RT, Baliga-Rao MP, Baliga MS. Hepatoprotective properties of the Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn): a review. Food Funct 2013; 4:1431-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60237k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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155
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Some bioactive potentials of two biflavanols isolated from Garcinia kola on cadmium-induced alterations of raw U937 cells and U937-derived macrophages. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2013; 6:43-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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156
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Afridi HI, Kazi TG, Brabazon D, Naher S, Talpur FN. Comparative metal distribution in scalp hair of Pakistani and Irish referents and diabetes mellitus patients. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 415:207-14. [PMID: 23123286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The essential metals, chromium (Cr), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn), are necessary for many metabolic processes and their homeostasis is crucial for life. The toxic metals, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), have no beneficial role in human metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of Cd, Cr, Mg, Mn, Pb, and Zn in scalp hair samples of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of both genders, ages ranging from 30 to 50 y, and belong to urban areas of Ireland and Pakistan. For comparison purposes, age matched non-diabetic subjects of both countries were selected as referents. METHODS The concentrations of metals in scalp hair samples were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer and atomic absorption spectrophotometer after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity and accuracy of the methodology were checked by conventional wet-acid-digestion method and using certified reference materials. RESULTS The mean values of Cd and Pb were significantly higher in scalp hair samples of both Pakistani and Irish diabetic patients as compared to referents of both countries (P<0.001). In contrast, lower Cr, Mg, Mn, and Zn (P<0.01) concentrations were detected in scalp hair derived from patients with type 2 diabetes versus healthy subjects of both countries. CONCLUSION This study showed that, increased toxic elements and decreased essential elements are associated with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, these elements may play a role in the development and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Imran Afridi
- Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
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157
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Rizvi SB, Yildirimer L, Ghaderi S, Ramesh B, Seifalian AM, Keshtgar M. A novel POSS-coated quantum dot for biological application. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:3915-27. [PMID: 22915843 PMCID: PMC3418109 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s28577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals that have the potential for
major advancements in the field of nanomedicine through their unique photophysical
properties. They can potentially be used as fluorescent probes for various biomedical
imaging applications, including cancer localization, detection of micrometastasis, image
guided surgery, and targeted drug delivery. Their main limitation is toxicity, which
requires a biologically compatible surface coating to shield the toxic core from the
surrounding environment. However, this leads to an increase in QD size that may lead to
problems of excretion and systemic sequestration. We describe a one pot synthesis,
characterization, and in vitro cytotoxicity of a novel polyhedral oligomeric
silsesquioxane (POSS)-coated CdTe-cored QD using mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) and
D-cysteine as stabilizing agents. Characterization was performed using transmission
electron microscopy Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and photoluminescence
studies. POSS-coated QDs demonstrated high colloidal stability and enhanced photostability
on high degrees of ultraviolet (UV) excitation compared to QDs coated with MSA and
D-cysteine alone (P value < 0.05). In vitro toxicity studies showed
that both POSS and MSA-QDs were significantly less toxic than ionized salts of
Cd+2 and Te−2. Confocal microscopy confirmed high
brightness of POSS-QDs in cells at both 1 and 24 hours, indicating that these QDs are
rapidly taken up by cells and remain photostable in a biological environment. We therefore
conclude that a POSS coating confers biological compatibility, photostability, and
colloidal stability while retaining the small size and unique photophysical properties of
the QDs. The amphiphilic nature of the coating allows solubility in aqueous solutions and
rapid transfer across cell membranes, enabling the use of lower concentrations of the QDs
for an overall reduced toxicity particularly for prolonged live cell and in vivo imaging
applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwat B Rizvi
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, United Kingdom
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158
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Wu KC, Liu JJ, Klaassen CD. Nrf2 activation prevents cadmium-induced acute liver injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 263:14-20. [PMID: 22677785 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in cadmium-induced liver injury. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that up-regulates cytoprotective genes in response to oxidative stress. To investigate the role of Nrf2 in cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity, Nrf2-null mice, wild-type mice, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-knockdown (Keap1-KD) mice with enhanced Nrf2, and Keap1-hepatocyte knockout (Keap1-HKO) mice with maximum Nrf2 activation were treated with cadmium chloride (3.5mg Cd/kg, i.p.). Blood and liver samples were collected 8h thereafter. Cadmium increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, and caused extensive hepatic hemorrhage and necrosis in the Nrf2-null mice. In contrast, Nrf2-enhanced mice had lower serum ALT and LDH activities and less morphological alternations in the livers than wild-type mice. H(2)DCFDA (2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluoresein diacetate) staining of primary hepatocytes isolated from the four genotypes of mice indicated that oxidative stress was higher in Nrf2-null cells, and lower in Nrf2-enhanced cells than in wild-type cells. To further investigate the mechanism of the protective effect of Nrf2, mRNA of metallothionein (MT) and other cytoprotective genes were determined. Cadmium markedly induced MT-1 and MT-2 in livers of all four genotypes of mice. In contrast, genes involved in glutathione synthesis and reducing reactive oxygen species, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gclc), glutathione peroxidase-2 (Gpx2), and sulfiredoxin-1 (Srxn-1) were only induced in Nrf2-enhanced mice, but not in Nrf2-null mice. In conclusion, the present study shows that Nrf2 activation prevents cadmium-induced oxidative stress and liver injury through induction of genes involved in antioxidant defense rather than genes that scavenge Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai C Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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159
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Miura N, Yanagiba Y, Ohtani K, Mita M, Togawa M, Hasegawa T. Diurnal variation of cadmium-induced mortality in mice. J Toxicol Sci 2012; 37:191-6. [PMID: 22293423 DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Circadian timing largely modifies efficacy of many medicinal drugs. This viewpoint has been applied in the clinical medicine, known as chronotherapy. We think this viewpoint should also be introduced into toxicology as "chronotoxicology", however, information about the diurnal variation in toxicant sensitivity is still very scarce. We present here a clear and reproducible diurnal variation of cadmium (Cd)-induced mortality in mice. Male ICR mice kept under standard condition (12 hr light/dark cycle, lights on at 08:00) were injected with CdCl(2) (7.2 mg/kg, one shot) intraperitoneally at different time points in the day (zeitgeber time (ZT) 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 or 20). Survival number was determined at 14 days after injection. Interestingly, mice were sensitive to Cd acute toxicity at ZT8, while tolerant at mid-dark to early-light phase (ZT16, ZT20 and ZT0). Hepatic GSH level showed small daily fluctuation, lowest at ZT8 and highest at ZT20, and this fluctuation was similar to the diurnal variation of Cd sensitivity. In contrast, hepatic metallothionein (MT) level was not significant in these time points, although their level also showed small daily fluctuation. Our results indicated that Cd-induced mortality had clear diurnal variation, and suggested that the hepatic GSH level was one of the important factors for determination of this Cd-induced diurnal mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Miura
- Division of Health Effects Research, Japan National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 6-21-1, Nagao, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8585, Japan.
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160
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CHAKRABORTY S, GOGOI M, KALITA E, DEB P. MULTIFUNCTIONAL, HIGH LUMINESCENT, BIOCOMPATIBLE CdTe QUANTUM DOT FLUOROPHORES FOR BIOIMAGING APPLICATIONS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x11008459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Quantum Dots (QDs) are recently emerging as the alternative to organic fluorescent probes in bio imaging applications. In the present study, CdTe QDs were prepared in aqueous phase using a stable tellurium source in presence of a capping agent capable of stabilizing and regulating its growth in the pH range of 6.0–8.0, such that it is amenable for use in biological systems. The spectroscopic and microstructural studies confirmed the formation of CdTe nanoparticles capped by mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) of average size 2.5 nm with narrow size distribution. These MSA– CdTe QDs have shown tunable fluorescence with high quantum yield, broad absorption and symmetric fluorescence spectra. Of the different QDs emitting varied luminescence, the yellow, orange and red QDs were taken up for further characterization, to assess their potential in bioimaging applications. The cytotoxicity assays in mammalian lymphocytes showed that these QDs have a very high order cell viability and low level of toxicity when incubated with varying QD concentrations (20–130 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- S. CHAKRABORTY
- Department of Physics, Tezpur University (Central University), Tezpur 784028, India
| | - M. GOGOI
- Department of Physics, Tezpur University (Central University), Tezpur 784028, India
| | - E. KALITA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University (Central University), Tezpur 784028, India
| | - P. DEB
- Department of Physics, Tezpur University (Central University), Tezpur 784028, India
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161
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The association between urinary cadmium and frontal T wave axis deviation in the US adults. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2012; 215:406-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Revised: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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162
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McConnachie LA, White CC, Botta D, Zadworny ME, Cox DP, Beyer RP, Hu X, Eaton DL, Gao X, Kavanagh TJ. Heme oxygenase expression as a biomarker of exposure to amphiphilic polymer-coated CdSe/ZnS quantum dots. Nanotoxicology 2012; 7:181-91. [PMID: 22264017 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.648224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Because of their unique optical properties, quantum dots (QDs) have become a preferred system for ultrasensitive detection and imaging. However, since QDs commonly contain Cd and other heavy metals, concerns have been raised regarding their toxicity. QDs are thus commonly synthesised with a ZnS cap structure and/or coated with polymeric stabilisers. We recently synthesised amphiphilic polymer-coated tri-n-octylphosphine oxide - poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-tetradecene (TOPO-PMAT) QDs, which are highly stable in aqueous environments. The effects of these QDs on viability and stress response in five cell lines of mouse and human origins are reported here. Human and mouse macrophages and human kidney cells readily internalised these QDs, resulting in modest toxicity. TOPO-PMAT QD exposure was highly correlated with the induction of the stress response protein heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1). Other stress biomarkers (glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit, NAD(P)H, necrosis) were only moderately affected. HMOX1 may thus be a useful biomarker of TOPO-QDOT QD exposure across cell types and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A McConnachie
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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163
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Prasad BR, O'Connell E, Smith TJ, Gérard VA, Gun'ko YK, Rochev Y. Evaluating the potential of quantum dots for in vitro biological studies: effects on gene expression using microarray analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 906:171-183. [PMID: 22791431 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-953-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots have potential applications in the biomedical field and especially in bioimaging owing to their tunable fluorescent properties. Although many phenotypic studies have been carried out using QDs on different cell lines, only very few of them involved the analysis of the effect of QDs on gene expression. Here, we describe the application of microarray gene expression analysis for studying the differential expression of genes in the cells treated with QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu R Prasad
- National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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164
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Hibiscus sabdariffa extractivities on cadmium—mediated alterations of human U937 cell viability and activation. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 5:33-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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165
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Kyriakou LG, Tzirogiannis KN, Demonakou MD, Kourentzi KT, Mykoniatis MG, Panoutsopoulos GI. Gadolinium chloride pretreatment ameliorates acute cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 29:624-32. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233711430971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a known industrial and environmental pollutant. It causes hepatotoxicity upon acute administration. Features of cadmium-induced acute hepatoxicity encompass necrosis, apoptosis, peliosis and inflammatory infiltration. Gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) may prevent cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity by suppressing Kupffer cells. The effect of GdCl3 pretreatment on a model of acute cadmium-induced liver injury was investigated. Male Wistar rats 4–5 months old were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline followed by cadmium chloride (CdCl2; 6.5 mg/kg) or GdCl3 (10 mg/kg) followed by CdCl2 (6.5 mg/kg; groups I and II, respectively). Rats of both the groups were killed at 9, 12, 16, 24, 48 and 60 h after cadmium intoxication. Liver sections were analyzed for necrosis, apoptosis, peliosis and mitoses. Liver regeneration was also evaluated by tritiated thymidine incorporation into hepatic DNA. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also determined. Hepatic necrosis, hepatocyte and nonparenchymal cell apoptosis and macroscopic and microscopic types of peliosis hepatis were minimized by gadolinium pretreatment. Serum levels of AST and ALT were also greatly diminished in rats of group II. Tritiated thymidine incorporation into hepatic DNA was increased in gadolinium pretreatment rats. Kupffer cell activation was minimal in both the groups of rats. Gadolinium pretreatment attenuates acute cadmium-induced liver injury in young Wistar rats, with mechanisms other than Kupffer cell elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukas G Kyriakou
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical School, Athens University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria D Demonakou
- Histopathology Laboratory, Sismanoglion G.D. Hospital, Marousi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi T Kourentzi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical School, Athens University, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael G Mykoniatis
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical School, Athens University, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios I Panoutsopoulos
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical School, Athens University, Athens, Greece
- Department of Nursing, University of Peloponnese, Orthias Artemidos and Plateon, Sparta, Lakonia, Greece
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166
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Yang L, Cho YS, Sajja HK, Karna P, Yoon TJ, Cao Z. WITHDRAWN: Quantum dot-tumor targeting peptide conjugates for in vivo imaging of siRNA expression constructs delivery and silencing in tumors. Biomaterials 2011:S0142-9612(11)01393-7. [PMID: 22169827 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Yang
- Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
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167
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Plasma aluminum is a risk factor for oxidative stress and inflammation status in hemodialysis patients. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:1309-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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168
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Liu W, Zhang S, Wang L, Qu C, Zhang C, Hong L, Yuan L, Huang Z, Wang Z, Liu S, Jiang G. CdSe quantum dot (QD)-induced morphological and functional impairments to liver in mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24406. [PMID: 21980346 PMCID: PMC3182941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs), as unique nanoparticle probes, have been used in in vivo fluorescence imaging such as cancers. Due to the novel characteristics in fluorescence, QDs represent a family of promising substances to be used in experimental and clinical imaging. Thus far, the toxicity and harmful health effects from exposure (including environmental exposure) to QDs are not recognized, but are largely concerned by the public. To assess the biological effects of QDs, we established a mouse model of acute and chronic exposure to QDs. Results from the present study suggested that QD particles could readily spread into various organs, and liver was the major organ for QD accumulation in mice from both the acute and chronic exposure. QDs caused significant impairments to livers from mice with both acute and chronic QD exposure as reflected by morphological alternation to the hepatic lobules and increased oxidative stress. Moreover, QDs remarkably induced the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with cytotoxicity, as characterized by a significant increase of the malondialdehyde (MDA) level within hepatocytes. However, the increase of the MDA level in response to QD treatment could be partially blunted by the pre-treatment of cells with beta-mercaptoethanol (β-ME). These data suggested ROS played a crucial role in causing oxidative stress-associated cellular damage from QD exposure; nevertheless other unidentified mediators might also be involved in QD-mediated cellular impairments. Importantly, we demonstrated that the hepatoxicity caused by QDs in vivo and in vitro was much greater than that induced by cadmium ions at a similar or even a higher dose. Taken together, the mechanism underlying QD-mediated biological influences might derive from the toxicity of QD particles themselves, and from free cadmium ions liberated from QDs as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shuping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zehao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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169
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Bekheet SHM, Awadalla EA, Salman MM, Hassan MK. Bradykinin potentiating factor isolated from Buthus occitanus venom has a protective effect against cadmium-induced rat liver and kidney damage. Tissue Cell 2011; 43:337-43. [PMID: 21862094 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin and its related peptides are widely distributed in venomous animals, including scorpion. A peptide fraction isolated from the venom of the Egyptian scorpion Buthus occitanus was proved to have a bradykinin-potentiating activity. The aim of the present study was conducted to investigate whether the treatment with bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF) offers more beneficial effects in reversing cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rat liver and kidney. Adult male rats, equally divided into control and two treated groups, 10 animals in each group. group (I) was orally given (1 ml) saline and served as a control group; group (II) of rats was given cadmium chloride (4 mg/kg) alone, once daily an oral dose for 7 successive days; group (III) of rats was given ip injection (1 ml) BPF, once daily a dose for 7 successive days prior to CdCl(2) treatment and on the next 7 successive days with the same dose of cadmium as group II. Both organs were subjected to histopathological analysis with the light microscope. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), asparate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were measured as indicators of the liver function. As parameters of the kidney function, creatinine, uric acid and urea concentrations in serum were determined. Also, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were determined in both tissues. Cd exposure caused a significant decrease or inhibition in the activities of GSH, SOD, and CAT, with significant increase in the level of MDA, in versus to control groups in both liver and kidney. Also, when Cd was treated in co-administration with BPF induced increase or stimulation in the activity of GSH, SOD, and CAT, with significant decrease in the level of MDA when compared to Cd group in both organs. Histopathological changes of liver and kidney were also in accordance with the biochemical findings. Our data showed that Cd treatment induced histopathological alteration in the liver, severe hydropic degeneration in centrolobular zones. Inflammatory cells infiltration around the congested central vein and an obvious injury in some renal tubules. Bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF) administration prevented the histopathological alterations which observed in Cd-groups and both liver and kidney had essentially normal appearance in histopathological examination. In conclusion, BPF markedly ameliorated cadmium-induced liver and kidney tissue damage as evidenced by histological and biochemical examinations and acts as a potent scavenger of free radicals to protect the liver and kidney against the deleterious effect of acute cadmium intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad H M Bekheet
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan, South Valley University, Egypt.
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170
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Cui ZG, Ogawa R, Piao JL, Hamazaki K, Feril LB, Shimomura A, Kondo T, Inadera H. Molecular mechanisms involved in the adaptive response to cadmium-induced apoptosis in human myelomonocytic lymphoma U937 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1687-93. [PMID: 21787858 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We examined the molecular mechanisms involved in the adaptive response to cadmium (Cd)-induced apoptosis in human myelomonocytic lymphoma U937 cells. When U937 cells were treated with 50 μM cadmium chloride (CdCl2) for 12 h, significant apoptosis occurred. This was associated with an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), sustained phosphorylation of JNK, activation of caspase-3, a decrease in Mcl-1 (anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins), and increases in Bim, Noxa and tBid (a pro-apoptotic protein under the Bcl-2 family). No apoptosis occurred when the cells were treated with 1 μM CdCl2 for 72 h. However, pretreatment with low-dose CdCl2 dramatically altered the sensitivity of the cells to 50 μM CdCl2 with inhibition of apoptosis. Concomitantly, there were significant decreases in the generation of intracellular ROS and the activation of JNK. Pretreatment with 1 μM CdCl2 also attenuated the decrease in Mcl-1 and the increases in Bim, Noxa and tBid induced by 50 μM CdCl2. In conclusion, pretreatment with low-dose Cd inhibited apoptosis induced by high-dose Cd. The mechanism involves inhibition of intracellular ROS generation and JNK activation, and modulating the balance between the expression of Mcl-1 and its binding partners, Bim, Noxa and tBid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Guo Cui
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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171
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Spectroscopic and Microscopic Studies on the Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Toxicity Induced by Different Concentrations of Cadmium. J Membr Biol 2011; 241:39-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-011-9361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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172
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Paniagua-Castro N, Escalona-Cardoso G, Hernández-Navarro D, Pérez-Pastén R, Chamorro-Cevallos G. Spirulina (Arthrospira) Protects Against Cadmium-Induced Teratogenic Damage in Mice. J Med Food 2011; 14:398-404. [PMID: 21254891 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Norma Paniagua-Castro
- Department of Physiology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnical Institute, Mexico City, Federal District, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Escalona-Cardoso
- Department of Physiology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnical Institute, Mexico City, Federal District, Mexico
| | - Dolores Hernández-Navarro
- Laboratory of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Pastén
- Department of Pharmacy, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnical Institute, Mexico City, Federal District, Mexico
| | - Germán Chamorro-Cevallos
- Department of Pharmacy, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnical Institute, Mexico City, Federal District, Mexico
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173
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Berrahal AA, Lasram M, El Elj N, Kerkeni A, Gharbi N, El-Fazâa S. Effect of age-dependent exposure to lead on hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2011; 26:68-78. [PMID: 20014231 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lead is known to induce a broad range of physiological, biochemical, and behavioral dysfunctions in laboratory animals and humans. This includes age-specific variations in absorption, retention, and tissue distribution of lead. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to lead (50 mg/L) on liver and kidneys of two different age groups of male rats treated with lead from delivery until puberty period (40 days) and postpuberty period (65 days). For this purpose, the concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), total thiol groups (SH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured in the liver and kidney of rats. Renal function was analyzed by determining creatinine, acid uric, and urea. Plasma activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin were determined spectrophotometrically to evaluate hepatic function. These markers of damage were determined to assess the level of toxicity in these animals. Our results clearly show that the administration of lead produces oxidative damage in liver and kidney, as strongly suggested by the significant increase in TBARS, decrease in total SH, and the alteration of SOD activity. In young lead-exposed animals, lead-induced perturbations on the synthetic function of the liver and the kidney were more pronounced. However, nephropathy is evident for adult lead-exposed animals. It is concluded that lead induces severe hepatic and renal toxicity, which depends on the age of the animals and the target organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alya Annabi Berrahal
- Laboratoire de la Physiologie des Agressions, Effets Métaboliques et Endocriniens, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia
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174
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Morosini V, Bastogne T, Frochot C, Schneider R, François A, Guillemin F, Barberi-Heyob M. Quantum dot–folic acid conjugates as potential photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy of cancer. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:842-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00380h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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175
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Jaeschke H. Toxicant-Induced Liver Injury. MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LIBRARY 2011:641-653. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7107-4_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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176
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Werlin R, Priester JH, Mielke RE, Krämer S, Jackson S, Stoimenov PK, Stucky GD, Cherr GN, Orias E, Holden PA. Biomagnification of cadmium selenide quantum dots in a simple experimental microbial food chain. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 6:65-71. [PMID: 21170041 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2010.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that engineered nanomaterials can be transferred from prey to predator, but the ecological impacts of this are mostly unknown. In particular, it is not known if these materials can be biomagnified-a process in which higher concentrations of materials accumulate in organisms higher up in the food chain. Here, we show that bare CdSe quantum dots that have accumulated in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria can be transferred to and biomagnified in the Tetrahymena thermophila protozoa that prey on the bacteria. Cadmium concentrations in the protozoa predator were approximately five times higher than their bacterial prey. Quantum-dot-treated bacteria were differentially toxic to the protozoa, in that they inhibited their own digestion in the protozoan food vacuoles. Because the protozoa did not lyse, largely intact quantum dots remain available to higher trophic levels. The observed biomagnification from bacterial prey is significant because bacteria are at the base of environmental food webs. Our findings illustrate the potential for biomagnification as an ecological impact of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Werlin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9625, USA
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177
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Yari A, Asadi MH, Bahadoran H, Dashtnavard H, Imani H, Naghii MR. Cadmium toxicity in spermatogenesis and protective effects of L-carnitine in adult male rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010; 137:216-25. [PMID: 20012383 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of cadmium toxicity and the protective effects of L-carnitine on spermatogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rat were evaluated. Animals were subdivided into five groups. Cadmium chloride (1-mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally during 16 days at intervals of 48 h between subsequent treatments. L-carnitine (500 mg/kg b.w., IP) was pretreated in both of control and cadmium-injected rats. Animals were killed on day 17 after the first treatment. The left cauda epididymis was removed and immediately immersed into Hank's balanced salt solution for evaluation of sperm count and viability. Following contamination with cadmium, a decrease in the number and viability of cauda epididymis sperm, the number of cell proliferation, and Johnsen Scores in the seminiferous tubules was observed. Consequently, L-carnitine treatment caused an increase in the number and viability of cauda epididymis sperm, the number of cell proliferation, and Johnsen Scores in the cadmium-induced group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abazar Yari
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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178
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Behpour M, Soltani N, Ghoreishi SM. Simultaneous preconcentration of lead and cadmium ions with methyltrioctylammonium chloride supported on microcrystalline naphthalene and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.1.3.216-220.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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179
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Mao WP, Zhang NN, Zhou FY, Li WX, Liu HY, Feng J, Zhou L, Wei CJ, Pan YB, He ZJ. Cadmium directly induced mitochondrial dysfunction of human embryonic kidney cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 30:920-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327110384286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is the major component of polluted environment, which has numerous undesirable effects on health. Cd could induce apoptosis of HEK293 cells, and the mitochondria may play a key role. However, the mode of action is unclear. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the ability of the Cd to induce dysfunction of mitochondria. We examined the effect of cadmium chloride (1, 5 and 10 μM) on mitochondrial membrane permeability and potential as well as oxidative stress markers in mitochondria isolated from HEK293 cells. We found that Cd could directly increase in permeability and decrease in membrane potential of mitochondria, even resulted in mitochondrial swelling, and that Cd could inhibit the activities of ATPase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), enhanced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO). On the whole, the results show that Cd can directly lead to mitochondrial dysfunction of HEK293 cells, including increased permeability, inhibiting respiration and evoking oxidative stress. Thus, for the first time, this paper makes an overall analysis of Cd-induced changes of structure and function of isolated mitochondria. Our findings may also have general implications in Cd-induced apoptosis by mitochondria pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- WP Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China,
| | - NN Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - FY Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - WX Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - HY Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - J. Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - L. Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - CJ Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - YB Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - ZJ He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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180
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Association between diphenyl diselenide and cadmium chloride attenuates the toxicity of both in tissues of mice in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1736-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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181
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Renugadevi J, Milton Prabu S. Quercetin protects against oxidative stress-related renal dysfunction by cadmium in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:471-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 05/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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182
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Yapar K, Cavuşoğlu K, Oruç E, Yalçin E. Protective role of Ginkgo biloba against hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in uranium-treated mice. J Med Food 2010; 13:179-88. [PMID: 20136453 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective role of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract against uranium (U)-induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice. The mice were randomly divided into six groups, each consisting of six animals: Group I (control) received tap water alone, Group II received U at a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight, Group III received G. biloba at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight, Group IV received G. biloba at a dose of 150 mg/kg of body weight, Group V received G. biloba (50 mg/kg of body weight) and U (5 mg/kg of body weight), and Group VI received G. biloba (150 mg/kg of body weight) and U (5 mg/kg of body weight) by oral gavage for 5 days. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels were determined to assess liver and kidney function, respectively. Also, liver and kidney samples were taken for the determination of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and histopathological changes in liver and kidneys were investigated. The results indicated that there was a significant increase (P < .05) in selected serum parameters. Serum AST, ALT, BUN, and creatinine levels significantly increased in mice treated with U alone when compared to the other groups. Moreover, U-induced oxidative damage caused a significant decrease in GSH levels and a significant increase in MDA levels of liver and kidney tissues. Treatment with G. biloba produced amelioration in biochemical indices of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity according to Group II. Each dose of G. biloba provided significant protection against U-induced toxicity, and its strongest effect was observed at a dose of 150 mg/kg of body weight. In vivo results showed that G. biloba extract is a potent protector against U-induced toxicity, and its protective role is dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kürşad Yapar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Internal Medical Sciences Division, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.
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183
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Dua P, Jeong SH, Lee SE, Hong SW, Kim SY, Lee DK. Evaluation of Toxicity and Gene Expression Changes Triggered by Quantum Dots. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.6.1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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184
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Låg M, Rodionov D, Øvrevik J, Bakke O, Schwarze PE, Refsnes M. Cadmium-induced inflammatory responses in cells relevant for lung toxicity: Expression and release of cytokines in fibroblasts, epithelial cells and macrophages. Toxicol Lett 2010; 193:252-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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185
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Prasad BR, Nikolskaya N, Connolly D, Smith TJ, Byrne SJ, Gérard VA, Gun'ko YK, Rochev Y. Long-term exposure of CdTe quantum dots on PC12 cellular activity and the determination of optimum non-toxic concentrations for biological use. J Nanobiotechnology 2010; 8:7. [PMID: 20338051 PMCID: PMC2856518 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-8-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The unique and tuneable photonic properties of Quantum Dots (QDs) have made them potentially useful tools for imaging biological entities. However, QDs though attractive diagnostic and therapeutic tools, have a major disadvantage due to their inherent cytotoxic nature. The cellular interaction, uptake and resultant toxic influence of CdTe QDs (gelatinised and non-gelatinised Thioglycolic acid (TGA) capped) have been investigated with pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells. In conjunction to their analysis by confocal microscopy, the QD - cell interplay was explored as the QD concentrations were varied over extended (up to 72 hours) co-incubation times. Coupled to this investigation, cell viability, DNA quantification and cell proliferation assays were also performed to compare and contrast the various factors leading to cell stress and ultimately death. Results Thioglycolic acid (TGA) stabilised CdTe QDs (gel and non - gel) were co-incubated with PC12 cells and investigated as to how their presence influenced cell behaviour and function. Cell morphology was analysed as the QD concentrations were varied over co-incubations up to 72 hours. The QDs were found to be excellent fluorophores, illuminating the cytoplasm of the cells and no deleterious effects were witnessed at concentrations of ~10-9 M. Three assays were utilised to probe how individual cell functions (viability, DNA quantification and proliferation) were affected by the presence of the QDs at various concentrations and incubation times. Cell response was found to not only be concentration dependant but also influenced by the surface environment of the QDs. Gelatine capping on the surface acts as a barrier towards the leaking of toxic atoms, thus reducing the negative impact of the QDs. Conclusion This study has shown that under the correct conditions, QDs can be routinely used for the imaging of PC12 cells with minimal adverse effects. We have found that PC12 cells are highly susceptible to an increased concentration range of the QDs, while the gelatine coating acts as a barrier towards enhanced toxicity at higher QD concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu R Prasad
- National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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186
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Adiele RC, Stevens D, Kamunde C. Reciprocal enhancement of uptake and toxicity of cadmium and calcium in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver mitochondria. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 96:319-327. [PMID: 20036780 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The interactive effects of cadmium (Cd) and calcium (Ca) on energy metabolism in rainbow trout liver mitochondria were studied to test the prediction that Ca would protect against Cd-induced mitochondrial liability. Isolated rainbow trout liver mitochondria were energized with malate and glutamate and exposed to increasing concentrations (5-100 microM) of Cd and Ca singly and in combination at 15 degrees C. Accumulation of Cd and Ca in the mitochondria and mitochondrial respiration (oxygen consumption) rates were measured. Additionally, un-energized mitochondria were incubated with low doses (1 microM) of Cd and Ca singly and in combination, with time-course measurements of cation accumulation/binding and oxygen consumption rates. In energized actively phosphorylating mitochondria, the uptake rates of both Cd and Ca were dose-dependent and enhanced when administered concurrently. Upon low-dose incubation, Cd accumulation was rapid and peaked in 5 min, while no appreciable uptake of Ca occurred. Functionally, the resting (state 4, ADP-limited) respiration rate was not affected in the dose-response exposure, but it decreased remarkably on low-dose incubation. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-stimulated respiration (state 3) rate was impaired dose-dependently with maximal inhibitions (at the highest dose, 100 microM) of 32, 64 and 73% for Ca, Cd, and combined exposures, respectively. The combined effects of Ca and Cd suggested synergistic (more than additive) action and partial additivity of effects at low and higher doses of the two cations, respectively. Moreover, on a molar basis, Cd was twice as toxic as Ca to rainbow trout liver mitochondria and when combined, approximately 90% of the effects were attributable to Cd. The coupling efficiency, as measured by respiratory control ratio (RCR) and phosphorylation efficiency, measured as ADP/O ratio, both decreased as the exposure dosage and duration increased. In addition, Cd and Ca exposure decreased mitochondrial proton leak (state 4+ respiration) rates on prolonged exposure possibly by inhibiting processes that generate mitochondrial membrane potential, the force that drives proton leak. Overall these data suggest that the widely accepted theme that Ca and Cd are competitive antagonists does not hold for mitochondrial effects and that Cd and Ca cooperate to impair oxidative phosphorylation in rainbow trout liver mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald C Adiele
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A4P3, Canada
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187
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Abstract
The use of nanoparticles in stem cell research is relatively recent, although very significant in the last 5 years with the publication of about 400 papers. The recent advances in the preparation of some nanomaterials, growing awareness of material science and tissue engineering researchers regarding the potential of stem cells for regenerative medicine, and advances in stem cell biology have contributed towards the boost of this research field in the last few years. Most of the research has been focused in the development of new nanoparticles for stem cell imaging; however, these nanoparticles have several potential applications such as intracellular drug carriers to control stem cell differentiation and biosensors to monitor in real time the intracellular levels of relevant biomolecules/enzymes. This review examines recent advances in the use of nanoparticles for stem cell tracking, differentiation and biosensing. We further discuss their utility and the potential concerns regarding their cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ferreira
- Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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188
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Honda A, Komuro H, Hasegawa T, Seko Y, Shimada A, Nagase H, Hozumi I, Inuzuka T, Hara H, Fujiwara Y, Satoh M. Resistance of metallothionein-III null mice to cadmium-induced acute hepatotoxicity. J Toxicol Sci 2010; 35:209-15. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.35.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Honda
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hiroaki Komuro
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Tatsuya Hasegawa
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Yamanashi Institute of Environmental Sciences
| | - Yoshiyuki Seko
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Yamanashi Institute of Environmental Sciences
| | - Akinori Shimada
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
| | - Hisamitsu Nagase
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Isao Hozumi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Inuzuka
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yasuyuki Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Masahiko Satoh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University
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189
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190
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Andelman T, Gordonov S, Busto G, Moghe PV, Riman RE. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Y(2)O(3) Nanoparticles of Various Morphologies. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2009; 5:263-273. [PMID: 20672046 PMCID: PMC2894361 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-009-9445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As the field of nanotechnology continues to grow, evaluating the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles is important in furthering their application within biomedicine. Here, we report the synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity of nanoparticles of different morphologies of yttrium oxide, a promising material for biological imaging applications. Nanoparticles of spherical, rod-like, and platelet morphologies were synthesized via solvothermal and hydrothermal methods and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), light scattering, surface area analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and zeta potential measurements. Nanoparticles were then tested for cytotoxicity with human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells, with the goal of elucidating nanoparticle characteristics that influence cytotoxicity. Cellular response was different for the different morphologies, with spherical particles exhibiting no cytotoxicity to HFF cells, rod-like particles increasing cell proliferation, and platelet particles markedly cytotoxic. However, due to differences in the nanoparticle chemistry as determined through the characterization techniques, it is difficult to attribute the cytotoxicity responses to the particle morphology. Rather, the cytotoxicity of the platelet sample appears due to the stabilizing ligand, oleylamine, which was present at higher levels in this sample. This study demonstrates the importance of nanoparticle chemistry on in vitro cytotoxicity, and highlights the general importance of thorough nanoparticle characterization as a prerequisite to understanding nanoparticle cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Andelman
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Simon Gordonov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Gabrielle Busto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Prabhas V Moghe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Richard E Riman
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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191
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Okoko T, Awhin EP. Glycine reduces cadmium-induced alterations in the viability and activation of macrophage U937 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 48:536-8. [PMID: 19914328 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of glycine on cadmium-induced alterations on the viability and activation of the cell line U-937. In this experiment, U-937 cells were pre-treated with 16 microM cadmium (as cadmium chloride). These cadmium-treated cells were later incubated with or without glycine (1-16 microM). After 72 h, it was revealed that glycine significantly (P<0.05) reduced the tendency of cadmium to reduce the viability of the cells. U-937 cells were also treated with phorbol, 12-myristate, 13-acetate to enhance their transition to the macrophage form. Thereafter, the cells were treated with cadmium with or without glycine (1-16 microM). Twenty-four hours later, the supernatants of each cell culture were assessed for the production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 (IL-1), nitric oxide (NO), and catalase activity as indices of the activation of macrophages. The results show that glycine significantly (P<0.05) reduced the cadmium-induced production of all the markers of the activation of macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. The findings support the immense antioxidant role of glycine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tebekeme Okoko
- Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, Niger Delta University, PMB 71, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
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192
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Protective role of carnosine in mice with cadmium-induced acute hepatotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:2863-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 08/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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193
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Cao Y, Chen A, Radcliffe J, Dietrich KN, Jones RL, Caldwell K, Rogan WJ. Postnatal cadmium exposure, neurodevelopment, and blood pressure in children at 2, 5, and 7 years of age. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:1580-6. [PMID: 20019909 PMCID: PMC2790513 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse health effects of cadmium in adults are well documented, but little is known about the neuropsychological effects of cadmium in children, and no studies of cadmium and blood pressure in children have been conducted. OBJECTIVE We examined the potential effects of low-level cadmium exposure on intelligence quotient, neuropsychological functions, behavior, and blood pressure among children, using blood cadmium as a measure of exposure. METHODS We used the data from a multicenter randomized clinical trial of lead-exposed children and analyzed blood cadmium concentrations using the whole blood samples collected when children were 2 years of age. We compared neuropsychological and behavioral scores at 2, 5, and 7 years of age by cadmium level and analyzed the relationship between blood cadmium levels at 2 years of age and systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 2, 5, and 7 years of age. RESULTS The average cadmium concentration of these children was 0.21 microg/L, lower than for adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), but comparable to concentrations in children < 3 years of age in NHANES. Except for the California Verbal Learning Test for Children, there were no differences in test scores among children in different cadmium categories. For children with detectable pretreatment blood cadmium, after adjusting for a variety of covariates, general linear model analyses showed that at none of the three age points was the coefficient of cadmium on Mental Development Index or IQ statistically significant. Spline regression analysis suggested that behavioral problem scores at 5 and 7 years of age tended to increase with increasing blood cadmium, but the trend was not significant. We found no significant associations between blood cadmium levels and blood pressure. CONCLUSION We found no significant associations between background blood cadmium levels at 2 years of age and neurodevelopmental end points and blood pressure at 2, 5, and 7 years of age. The neuropsychological or hypertensive effects from longer background exposures to cadmium need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
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194
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Klein S, Zolk O, Fromm M, Schrödl F, Neuhuber W, Kryschi C. Functionalized silicon quantum dots tailored for targeted siRNA delivery. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 387:164-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.06.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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195
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Kataranovski M, Mirkov I, Belij S, Nikolic M, Zolotarevski L, Ciric D, Kataranovski D. Lungs: remote inflammatory target of systemic cadmium administration in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2009; 28:225-231. [PMID: 21784007 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammation is a biological response to cadmium entering the body via the respiratory route. Systemic administration of this metal revealed the lungs as a significant site of its disposition. In this study, the presence of basic indicators of lung inflammation (leukocyte infiltration and activity of cells recovered from lungs by enzyme digestion) was analyzed in the rat model of acute systemic cadmium intoxication. Intraperitoneal administration of both cadmium doses (0.5mg/kg and 1.0mg/kg) resulted in increased numbers of neutrophils. Signs of spontaneous activation of lung cells including the capacity of reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) intracellular content and increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6) production were noted at both cadmium doses. Increased lung cell responsiveness to stimulation in vitro was noted at the higher cadmium dose. The presence of pulmonary inflammatory parameters in rats administered intraperitoneally with cadmium revealed the lungs as remote inflammatory targets of this metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Kataranovski
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research Sinisa Stankovic, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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196
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Cadmium and mitochondria. Mitochondrion 2009; 9:377-84. [PMID: 19706341 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) a pollutant associated with several modern industrial processes, is absorbed in significant quantities from cigarette smoke, water, food and air contaminations. It is known to have numerous undesirable effects on health in both experimental animals and humans, targeting kidney, liver and vascular system. The molecular mechanism accounting for most of the biological effects of Cd are not well-understood and the toxicity targets are largely unidentified. The present review focuses on important recent advances about the effects of cadmium on mitochondria of mammalian cells. Mitochondria are the proverbial powerhouses of the cell, running the fundamental biochemical processes that produce energy from nutrients using oxygen. They are among the key intracellular targets for different stressors including Cd. This review provides new additional informations on the cellular and molecular aspects of the interaction between Cd and cells, emphasizing alterations of mitochondria as important events in Cd cytotoxicity, thus representing an important basis for understanding the mechanisms of cadmium effect on the cells.
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197
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Smalinskiene A, Lesauskaite V, Zitkevicius V, Savickiene N, Savickas A, Ryselis S, Sadauskiene I, Ivanov L. Estimation of the Combined Effect of Eleutherococcus senticosus Extract and Cadmium on Liver Cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1171:314-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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198
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Effects of Tl+ on ion permeability, membrane potential and respiration of isolated rat liver mitochondria. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2009; 41:277-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-009-9225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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199
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Pillai A, Gupta S. Antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation in liver of female rats co-exposed to lead and cadmium: Effects of vitamin E and Mn2+. Free Radic Res 2009; 39:707-12. [PMID: 16036349 DOI: 10.1080/10715760500092444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative status of liver of female rats exposed to lead acetate and cadmium acetate either alone or in combination at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg body wt intraperitoneally for 15 days was studied. After the administration of lead alone, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased in liver, whereas no changes were observed in catalase (CAT) activity, and glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) levels. Cadmium exposure and combined exposure to lead and cadmium led to decrease in GSH content and increased TBARS levels. Moreover, animals exposed to either cadmium alone or in combination with lead showed a decrease in SOD activity and an increase in CAT activity. The in vitro experiments showed that vitamin E failed to restore the antioxidant enzyme activities in metal treated postmitochondrial supernatant fraction of liver. But Mn2+ ions protected the mitochondria from lipid peroxidation and could completely restore Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity following metal intoxication. The results of this study indicate that despite the ability of lead and cadmium to induce oxidative stress the effect in liver is not intensified by combined exposure to both lead and cadmium. The observed changes in various oxidative stress parameters in the liver of rats co-exposed to lead and cadmium may result from an independent effect of lead and cadmium and also from their interaction such as changes in metal accumulation and content of essential elements like Cu, Zn and Fe. These results suggest that when lead and cadmium are present together in similar concentrations, cadmium mediates major effects due to its more reactive nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anilkumar Pillai
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
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200
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Jihen EH, Imed M, Fatima H, Abdelhamid K. Protective effects of selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) on cadmium (Cd) toxicity in the liver of the rat: effects on the oxidative stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:1559-1564. [PMID: 19201025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a very harmful environmental pollutant that transfers between various levels of the food chain. To study the protective effect of Se and Zn on Cd-induced oxidative stress in livers, male rats received either, tap water, Cd, Cd+Zn, Cd+Se or Cd+Zn+Se in their drinking water, for 35 days. The activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the ratio of CuZn SOD to GPx activity, were determined in the liver. Exposure to Cd lowered total SOD, CuZn SOD, GPx and CAT activities, while it increased MDA level and the ratio of CuZn SOD to GPx activity, in the organ studied. With Se or Zn administration during exposure to Cd, only partial corrective effects on Cd-induced oxidative stress in the liver have been observed, while Se and Zn together assured a more efficient protection of the organ against the observed oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- El Heni Jihen
- Département de Biophysique, Faculté de Médecine de Monastir, Unité de Recherche, Eléments Traces, Radicaux Libres, Antioxydants, Pathologies Humaines et Environnement, Tunisie.
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