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Gregson CL, Armstrong DJ, Bowden J, Cooper C, Edwards J, Gittoes NJL, Harvey N, Kanis J, Leyland S, Low R, McCloskey E, Moss K, Parker J, Paskins Z, Poole K, Reid DM, Stone M, Thomson J, Vine N, Compston J. UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Arch Osteoporos 2022; 17:58. [PMID: 35378630 PMCID: PMC8979902 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-022-01061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) has revised the UK guideline for the assessment and management of osteoporosis and the prevention of fragility fractures in postmenopausal women, and men age 50 years and older. Accredited by NICE, this guideline is relevant for all healthcare professionals involved in osteoporosis management. INTRODUCTION The UK National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) first produced a guideline on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in 2008, with updates in 2013 and 2017. This paper presents a major update of the guideline, the scope of which is to review the assessment and management of osteoporosis and the prevention of fragility fractures in postmenopausal women, and men age 50 years and older. METHODS Where available, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and randomised controlled trials were used to provide the evidence base. Conclusions and recommendations were systematically graded according to the strength of the available evidence. RESULTS Review of the evidence and recommendations are provided for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, fracture-risk assessment and intervention thresholds, management of vertebral fractures, non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments, including duration and monitoring of anti-resorptive therapy, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, and models of care for fracture prevention. Recommendations are made for training; service leads and commissioners of healthcare; and for review criteria for audit and quality improvement. CONCLUSION The guideline, which has received accreditation from the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE), provides a comprehensive overview of the assessment and management of osteoporosis for all healthcare professionals involved in its management. This position paper has been endorsed by the International Osteoporosis Foundation and by the European Society for the Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia L Gregson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, Learning and Research Building, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
- Royal United Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK.
| | - David J Armstrong
- Western Health and Social Care Trust (NI), Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, and Visiting Professor, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Jean Bowden
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, Learning and Research Building, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John Edwards
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, and Wolstanton Medical Centre, Newcastle under Lyme, UK
| | - Neil J L Gittoes
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham & University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicholas Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - John Kanis
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia and Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Rebecca Low
- Abingdon and Specialty Doctor in Metabolic Bone Disease, Marcham Road Health Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Eugene McCloskey
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research in Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Katie Moss
- St George's University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jane Parker
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, Learning and Research Building, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Zoe Paskins
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Haywood Academic Rheumatology Centre, Haywood Hospital, Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Kenneth Poole
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Mike Stone
- University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Llandough, UK
| | | | - Nic Vine
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, Learning and Research Building, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Juliet Compston
- University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
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152
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Fogaça LZ, Portella CFS, Ghelman R, Abdala CVM, Schveitzer MC. Mind-Body Therapies From Traditional Chinese Medicine: Evidence Map. Front Public Health 2022; 9:659075. [PMID: 34988045 PMCID: PMC8722380 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.659075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The mind-body therapies of traditional Chinese medicine include several intervention types and combine physical poses with conscious relaxation and breathing techniques. The purpose of this Evidence Map is to describe these different interventions and report related health outcomes. Methods: This evidence map is based on the 3iE Evidence Gap Map methodology. We searched seven electronic databases (BVS, PUBMED, EMBASE, PEDro, ScienceDirect, Web of Sciences, and PschyInfo) from inception to November 2019 and included systematic reviews only. Systematic reviews were analyzed based on AMSTAR 2. We used Tableau to graphically display quality assessment, the number of reviews, outcomes, and effects. Results: The map is based on 116 systematic reviews and 44 meta-analyses. Most of the reviews were published in the last 5 years. The most researched interventions were Tai Chi and Qi Gong. The reviews presented the following quality assessment: 80 high, 43 moderate, 23 low, and 14 critically low. Every 680 distinct outcome effect was classified: 421 as potential positive; 237 as positive; 21 as inconclusive/mixed; one potential negative and none no effect. Positive effects were related to chronic diseases; mental indicators and disorders; vitality, well-being, and quality of life. Potential positive effects were related to balance, mobility, Parkinson's disease, hypertension, joint pain, cognitive performance, and sleep quality. Inconclusive/mixed-effects justify further research, especially in the following areas: Acupressure as Shiatsu and Tuiná for nausea and vomiting; Tai Chi and Qi Gong for acute diseases, prevention of stroke, stroke risk factors, and schizophrenia. Conclusions: The mind-body therapies from traditional Chinese medicine have been applied in different areas and this Evidence Map provides a visualization of valuable information for patients, professionals, and policymakers, to promote evidence-based complementary therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ricardo Ghelman
- Brazilian Academic Consortium for Integrative Health (CABSIn), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen Verônica Mendes Abdala
- BIREME (Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information) - Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO), São Paulo, Brazil
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153
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Nerz C, Kramer-Gmeiner F, Jansen CP, Labudek S, Klenk J, Becker C, Schwenk M. Group-Based and Individually Delivered LiFE: Content Evaluation and Predictors of Training Response – A Dose-Response Analysis. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:637-652. [PMID: 35509348 PMCID: PMC9057901 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s359150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Material and Methods Results Discussion and Conclusion Trial Registration
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Nerz
- Department for Clinical Gerontology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
- Correspondence: Corinna Nerz, Department for Clinical Gerontology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Auerbachstr. 110, Stuttgart, 70376, Germany, Tel +49 711-81010 6070, Fax +49 711 8101 3194, Email
| | | | - Carl-Philipp Jansen
- Department for Clinical Gerontology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Sports and Sports Sciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Labudek
- Network Aging Research (NAR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Klenk
- Department for Clinical Gerontology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- IB University of Health and Social Sciences, Study Centre Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Clemens Becker
- Department for Clinical Gerontology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
- Unit Digitale Geriatrie, Medical Faculty of the University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schwenk
- Network Aging Research (NAR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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154
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Sjöholm H, Hägg S, Nyberg L, Lind J, Kammerlind AS. Exploring possible risk factors for time to first fall and 6-month fall incidence in persons with acute stroke. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221088093. [PMID: 35387151 PMCID: PMC8977710 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221088093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim was to explore how the time to the first fall and 6-month fall incidence relates to rapidly and easily collected data in persons with acute stroke. Methods: Out of consecutively admitted patients with stroke at three stroke units, 284 with at least one follow-up were included in this prospective cohort study. During 6 months following discharge, participants reported falls using a diary and monthly phone calls. Data about participants’ characteristics, functions, and activities were collected during hospital stay and analyzed in relation to time to first fall by Cox regression and fall incidence by negative binomial regression. Results: Use of ⩾9 medications, paresis in arms, paresis in legs (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale), impaired protective reactions in sitting (Postural Reactions Test), and limitations in self-care (Barthel Index) were decisive risk factors for time to first fall. Limitations in mobility (Step Test, 30-s Chair Stand Test) were decisive risk factors for high fall incidence (p < 0.0005). Conclusion: Several easily collected participant characteristics, functions, and activities were identified as risk factors for falls. The findings emphasize the width of assessments that can be used for the identification of individuals at risk for falls and that the risk factors vary in different strata of the population. These results are important when developing multivariate risk models. The risk factors differed in part when analyzing the time to the first fall and 6-month fall incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Sjöholm
- Rehabilitation Center in Jönköping, Region Jönköping County, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Staffan Hägg
- Futurum, Region Jönköping County, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Health, Learning and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Jonas Lind
- Department of Internal Medicine in Jönköping, Region Jönköping County, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofi Kammerlind
- Futurum, Region Jönköping County, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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155
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Flywheel Training in Older Adults—A Systematic Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The process of healthy aging might be reconsidered, based on the nonfatal outcomes of falls in older adults. Flywheel training is a relatively new training method used by different age groups, which enables the muscles to contract at maximum force in minimum time. The study aim was to summarize the relevant literature about the effects of flywheel training in older adults and to determine its efficiency and feasibility. PRISMA guidelines were followed for both the search and analysis. Electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and SPORTDiscuss) yielded 9915 studies, but we have included studies published in English between 2005 and 2021, cross-sectional and pre-post treatments, with older adults (≥60 years) as the sample, where flywheel training was conducted. A total of nine studies have met the pre-defined criteria and entered the systematic review, with a total of 216 participants, both male and female. After analyzing the obtained results, it can be concluded that flywheel training showed physical, neuromuscular, and functional improvements in older adults. However, the review did not reveal an optimal duration, frequency, intensity, or volume. Furthermore, it can be stated that this training method can be considered as an appropriate form of activity in older adults, as a tool for improving overall health.
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156
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Kwon J, Squires H, Franklin M, Lee Y, Young T. Economic evaluation of community-based falls prevention interventions for older populations: a systematic methodological overview of systematic reviews. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:401. [PMID: 35346185 PMCID: PMC8962024 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Falls impose significant health and economic burdens on older people. The volume of falls prevention economic evaluations has increased, the findings from which have been synthesised by systematic reviews (SRs). Such SRs can inform commissioning and design of future evaluations; however, their findings can be misleading and incomplete, dependent on their pre-specified criteria. This study aims to conduct a systematic overview (SO) to: (1) systematically identify SRs of community-based falls prevention economic evaluations; (2) describe the methodology and findings of SRs; (3) critically appraise the methodology of SRs; and (4) suggest commissioning recommendations based on SO findings. Methods The SO followed the PRISMA guideline and the Cochrane guideline on SO, covering 12 databases and grey literature for the period 2003–2020. Eligible studies were SRs with 50% or more included studies that were economic evaluations of community-based falls prevention (against any comparator) for older persons (aged 60 +) or high-risk individuals aged 50–59. Identified SRs’ aims, search strategies and results, extracted data fields, quality assessment methods/results, and commissioning and research recommendations were synthesised. The comprehensiveness of previous SRs’ data synthesis was judged against criteria drawn from literature on falls prevention/public health economic evaluation. Outcomes of general population, lifetime decision models were re-analysed to inform commissioning recommendations. The SO protocol is registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021234379). Results Seven SRs were identified, which extracted 8 to 33 data fields from 44 economic evaluations. Four economic evaluation methodological/reporting quality checklists were used; three SRs narratively synthesised methodological features to varying extent and focus. SRs generally did not appraise decision modelling features, including methods for characterising dynamic complexity of falls risk and intervention need. Their commissioning recommendations were based mainly on cost-per-unit ratios (e.g., incremental cost-effectiveness ratios) and neglected aggregate impact. There is model-based evidence of multifactorial and environmental interventions, home assessment and modification and Tai Chi being cost-effective but also the risk that they exacerbate social inequities of health. Conclusions Current SRs of falls prevention economic evaluations do not holistically inform commissioning and evaluation. Accounting for broader decisional factors and methodological nuances of economic evaluations, particularly decision models, is needed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-07764-2.
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157
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Loonlawong S, Limroongreungrat W, Rattananupong T, Kittipimpanon K, Saisanan Na Ayudhaya W, Jiamjarasrangsi W. Predictive validity of the Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths & Injuries (STEADI) program fall risk screening algorithms among community-dwelling Thai elderly. BMC Med 2022; 20:78. [PMID: 35282818 PMCID: PMC8919544 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02280-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fall risk screening using multiple methods was strongly advised as the initial step for preventing fall. Currently, there is only one such tool which was proposed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for use in its Stopping Elderly Accidents, Death & Injuries (STEADI) program. Its predictive validity outside the US context, however, has never been investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive validity (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of the two-step sequential fall-risk screening algorithm of the STEADI program for Thai elderly in the community. METHODS A 1-year prospective cohort study was conducted during October 2018-December 2019. Study population consisted of 480 individuals aged 65 years or older living in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. The fall risk screening algorithm composed of two serial steps. Step 1 is a screening by the clinician's 3 key questions or the Thai Stay Independent brochure (Thai-SIB) 12 questions. Step 2 is a screening by 3 physical fitness testing tools including Time Up and Go test (TUG), 30-s Chair Stand, and 4-stage balance test. Participants were then followed for their fall incidents. Statistical analyses were conducted by using Cox proportional hazard model. The AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and other relevant predictive validity indices were then estimated. RESULTS The average age of the participants was 73.3 ± 6.51 years (range 65-95 years), and 52.5% of them were female. The screening based on the clinician's 3 key questions in Step 1 had a high AUC (0.845), with the sensitivity and specificity of 93.9% (95% CI 88.8, 92.7) and 75.0% (95% CI 70.0, 79.6), respectively. Appropriate risk categorization however differed slightly from the original STEADI program. CONCLUSIONS With some modification, the fall risk screening algorithm based on the STEADI program was applicable in Thai context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriprapa Loonlawong
- Regional Health Promotion Center 9 Nakhon Ratchasima, Department of Health, 177 Moo.6 Khok Kruat Sub-district, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30280, Thailand
| | - Weerawat Limroongreungrat
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Thanapoom Rattananupong
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kamonrat Kittipimpanon
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Wanvisa Saisanan Na Ayudhaya
- Department of Community Public Health, School of Public Health, Walailak University, 222 Thaiburi Sub-district, Thasala District, 80160, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Wiroj Jiamjarasrangsi
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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158
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Mitchell A, Martin AE. Quantifying the effect of sagittal plane joint angle variability on bipedal fall risk. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262749. [PMID: 35081142 PMCID: PMC8791504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Falls are a major issue for bipeds. For elderly adults, falls can have a negative impact on their quality of life and lead to increased medical costs. Fortunately, interventional methods are effective at reducing falls assuming they are prescribed. For biped robots, falls prevent them from completing required tasks. Thus, it is important to understand what aspects of gait increase fall risk. Gait variability may be associated with increased fall risk; however, previous studies have not investigated the variation in the movement of the legs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of joint angle variability on falling to determine which component(s) of variability were statistically significant. In order to investigate joint angle variability, a physics-based simulation model that captured joint angle variability as a function of time through Fourier series was used. This allowed the magnitude, the frequency mean, and the frequency standard deviation of the variability to be altered. For the values tested, results indicated that the magnitude of the variability had the most significant impact on falling, and specifically that the stance knee flexion variability magnitude was the most significant factor. This suggests that increasing the joint variability magnitude may increase fall risk, particularly if the controller is not able to actively compensate. Altering the variability frequency had little to no effect on falling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Mitchell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Anne E. Martin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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159
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Yuan Y, Li J, Fu P, Jing Z, Wang Y, Zhou C. Association between physical activity and falls among older adults in rural China: are there gender and age related differences? BMC Public Health 2022; 22:356. [PMID: 35183149 PMCID: PMC8858519 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between physical activity (PA) and falls among older adults is inconsistent, and little is known about the gender-specific association between falls and PA. Moreover, age may modify this relationship. This study aimed to test the association between PA and falls and to investigate the gender and age differences in the association among rural older adults. Methods This cross-sectional data were derived from the baseline survey of Shandong Rural Elderly Health Cohort (SREHC). In total, 3,242 rural older adults aged 60 years and above were included in the analysis. PA was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-S). PA levels were classified as low, moderate, elevated and high according to quartiles. Volume of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was categorized into low, moderate, elevated, and high level based on global recommendations. Information on falls was determined from in-person interviews. Falling was defined to participants as ending up on the floor or ground because they were unable to stop themselves. Logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the association between falls and PA. Results Of 3,242 rural older adults, the incidence of falls was 13.1%. In older adults, high levels of PA [odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47–0.90] or MVPA (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.50–0.94) were related to falls. Moderate (OR = 4.84, 95% CI: 1.68–13.94) or high (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.30–0.99) levels of MVPA were associated with falls in older men. But elevated levels of PA were associated with falls (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.42–0.87) in older women. Among older people younger than 75 years, elevated (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.37–0.79) or high (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48–0.98) levels of PA were associated with falls. Conclusions Among Chinese rural older adults, PA and MVPA are associated with falls, and there are gender and age differences. To prevent falls, measures need to account for individuals’ gender and age to encourage rural older adults to participate more actively in PA. We will conduct longitudinal studies to clarify the causal relationship between PA and fall. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12773-1.
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Automatic and Efficient Fall Risk Assessment Based on Machine Learning. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22041557. [PMID: 35214471 PMCID: PMC8875808 DOI: 10.3390/s22041557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Automating fall risk assessment, in an efficient, non-invasive manner, specifically in the elderly population, serves as an efficient means for implementing wide screening of individuals for fall risk and determining their need for participation in fall prevention programs. We present an automated and efficient system for fall risk assessment based on a multi-depth camera human motion tracking system, which captures patients performing the well-known and validated Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Trained machine learning classifiers predict the patient’s 14 scores of the BBS by extracting spatio-temporal features from the captured human motion records. Additionally, we used machine learning tools to develop fall risk predictors that enable reducing the number of BBS tasks required to assess fall risk, from 14 to 4–6 tasks, without compromising the quality and accuracy of the BBS assessment. The reduced battery, termed Efficient-BBS (E-BBS), can be performed by physiotherapists in a traditional setting or deployed using our automated system, allowing an efficient and effective BBS evaluation. We report on a pilot study, run in a major hospital, including accuracy and statistical evaluations. We show the accuracy and confidence levels of the E-BBS, as well as the average number of BBS tasks required to reach the accuracy thresholds. The trained E-BBS system was shown to reduce the number of tasks in the BBS test by approximately 50% while maintaining 97% accuracy. The presented approach enables a wide screening of individuals for fall risk in a manner that does not require significant time or resources from the medical community. Furthermore, the technology and machine learning algorithms can be implemented on other batteries of medical tests and evaluations.
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161
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Crowson MG, Beyea JA, Cottrell J, Karmali F, Lampasona G, Saunders JE, Lewis RF. The predictive power of geographic health care utilization for unintentional fatal fall rates. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:328. [PMID: 35172791 PMCID: PMC8848674 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Falls are the leading cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries among adults over 65 years old. The increase in fall mortality rates is likely multifactorial. With a lack of key drivers identified to explain rising rates of death from falls, accurate predictive modelling can be challenging, hindering evidence-based health resource and policy efforts. The objective of this work is to examine the predictive power of geographic utilization and longitudinal trends in mortality from unintentional falls amongst different demographic and geographic strata. Methods This is a nationwide, retrospective cohort study using the United States Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) database. The exposure was death from an unintentional fall as determined by the CDC. Outcomes included aggregate and trend crude and age-adjusted death rates. Health care utilization, reimbursement, and cost metrics were also compared. Results Over 2001 to 2018, 465,486 total deaths due to unintentional falls were recorded with crude and age-adjusted rates of 8.42 and 7.76 per 100,000 population respectively. Comparing age-adjusted rates, males had a significantly higher age-adjusted death rate (9.89 vs. 6.17; p < 0.00001), but both male and female annual age-adjusted mortality rates are expected to rise (Male: + 0.25 rate/year, R2= 0.98; Female: + 0.22 rate/year, R2= 0.99). There were significant increases in death rates commensurate with increasing age, with the adults aged 85 years or older having the highest aggregate (201.1 per 100,000) and trending death rates (+ 8.75 deaths per 100,000/year, R2= 0.99). Machine learning algorithms using health care utilization data were accurate in predicting geographic age-adjusted death rates. Conclusions Machine learning models have high accuracy in predicting geographic age-adjusted mortality rates from health care utilization data. In the United States from 2001 through 2018, adults aged 85+ years carried the highest death rate from unintentional falls and this rate is forecasted to accelerate. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12731-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gordon Crowson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jason A Beyea
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,ICES Queen's, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Cottrell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Faisal Karmali
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Lampasona
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, l'Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - James E Saunders
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Richard F Lewis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Vonstad EK, Bach K, Vereijken B, Su X, Nilsen JH. Performance of machine learning models in estimation of ground reaction forces during balance exergaming. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2022; 19:18. [PMID: 35152877 PMCID: PMC8842746 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-022-00998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Balance training exercise games (exergames) are a promising tool for reducing fall risk in elderly. Exergames can be used for in-home guided exercise, which greatly increases availability and facilitates independence. Providing biofeedback on weight-shifting during in-home balance exercise improves exercise efficiency, but suitable equipment for measuring weight-shifting is lacking. Exergames often use kinematic data as input for game control. Being able to useg such data to estimate weight-shifting would be a great advantage. Machine learning (ML) models have been shown to perform well in weight-shifting estimation in other settings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the performance of ML models in estimation of weight-shifting during exergaming using kinematic data. Methods Twelve healthy older adults (mean age 72 (± 4.2), 10 F) played a custom exergame that required repeated weight-shifts. Full-body 3D motion capture (3DMoCap) data and standard 2D digital video (2D-DV) was recorded. Weight shifting was directly measured by 3D ground reaction forces (GRF) from force plates, and estimated using a linear regression model, a long-short term memory (LSTM) model and a decision tree model (XGBoost). Performance was evaluated using coefficient of determination (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$F_z$$\end{document}Fz) of 4.3 (2.5), 11.1 (4.5), and 11.0 (4.7) for LSTM, XGBoost and LinReg, respectively. Using 2D-DV data, LSTM and XGBoost achieve mean RMSE (± 1SD) in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$F_z$$\end{document}Fz estimation of 10.7 (9.0) %BW and 19.8 (6.4) %BW, respectively. \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$R^2$$\end{document}R2 was \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$>.77$$\end{document}>.77 using 2D-DV data. For XGBoost, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$R^2$$\end{document}R2 was \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$>.86$$\end{document}>.86 using 3DMoCap data, and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$>.56$$\end{document}>.56 using 2D-DV data. Conclusion This study demonstrates that an LSTM model can estimate 3-dimensional GRF components using 2D kinematic data extracted from standard 2D digital video cameras. The \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$F_y$$\end{document}Fy and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$F_x$$\end{document}Fx components, especially when using 2D-DV data. Weight-shifting performance during exergaming can thus be extracted using kinematic data only, which can enable effective independent in-home balance exergaming.
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Effectiveness of a 12-Week Multi-Component Training Program with and without Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Balance to Prevent Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Study Protocol. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020290. [PMID: 35205156 PMCID: PMC8868777 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Falls in community-dwelling individuals aged over 65 produce serious outcomes such as disability, morbidity, and mortality, as well as high healthcare costs. This research aims to assess whether a multicomponent training programme (McTP) combined with a transcranial direct-current stimulation device (tDCS), Halo Sport, produces improvements in balance and other gait-related parameters. Therefore, this study intends to test the efficacy of adding a tCDS device to an McTP in order to prevent falls in older adults by testing the safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of its implementation in care resources for the elderly. Abstract Approximately one-third of elderly people aged over 65 who live in the community experience falls every year, with the proportion increasing with age. Moreover, of those who fall, about half will fall again in the following year. The falls’ consequences include disability, morbidity, and mortality. Although many external and internal factors lead to falls, balance issues play a major role. Multi-component training programs (McTP) usually combine balance, strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and flexibility, with studies reporting multiple benefits on the health-related quality of life. Halo Sport is a transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) device with promising results for gait performance. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the introduction of a tCDS device to an McTP to prevent falls in older adults. The sample will consist of 46 people aged 65 years or older, randomly assigned to experimental (n = 23) and control (n = 23) groups. The experimental group will perform the McTP while wearing tDCS, and the control group will perform McTP without the device, for three sessions per week over 12 weeks. The main measures will provide information about (1) safety, (2) applicability, (3) balance, (4) number of falls, (5) physical fitness, (6) risk of falling, (7) fear of falling, (8) health-related quality of life, and (9) cognitive function. Among the practical implications of this program, it is intended to provide data on its safety and effectiveness to be implemented in different resources as a tool for the prevention of falls.
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Souto Braz RR, Campos SL, Villela DW, Antonino GB, Araújo Batista PK, Guerino MR, Rodrigues FTM, Pereira Alves KF, Duarte JVT, de Andrade Silva D, Lima DF, da Silva AFF, de Oliveira KCV, dos Santos EKD, Leite WS, de Lucena LC, de Lima Ferreira AP, Monte-Silva K, das Graças Rodrigues de Araújo M, Taiar R. Effectiveness of Whole-Body Vibration Combined with Multicomponent Training on the Risk of Falls and Quality of Life in Elderly Women with Osteoporosis: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020266. [PMID: 35205132 PMCID: PMC8869511 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and the risk of falls increase the risk of fractures and events of falls. Prescriptions and programs for different forms of exercise have different impacts on the risk of falls, and exercises from multiple categories of whole-body vibration can be effective. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of whole-body vibration (WBV) protocol combined with multicomponent training (MCT) in elderly women with osteoporosis and their history of falls. Our proposal is a protocol for a randomized clinical trial, divided into two stages: First, development of a protocol for WVB combined with MCT for elderly women with osteoporosis and a history of falls, under the Guidelines of the American College of Sports Medicine, and following the recommendations of the Standard Protocol Items Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT), and second, a randomized controlled clinical trial following the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). This trial will have implications for the effectiveness of a vibration protocol combined with multicomponent exercise on the risk of falls and quality of life for older women with osteoporosis. We expect that adding full-body vibration to an exercise protocol will decrease the risk of falls and improve participants’ quality of life, as well as their strength, balance, and functional capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúbia Rayanne Souto Braz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (R.R.S.B.); (S.L.C.); (D.W.V.); (G.B.A.); (K.F.P.A.); (K.C.V.d.O.); (E.K.D.d.S.); (A.P.d.L.F.); (K.M.-S.)
| | - Shirley Lima Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (R.R.S.B.); (S.L.C.); (D.W.V.); (G.B.A.); (K.F.P.A.); (K.C.V.d.O.); (E.K.D.d.S.); (A.P.d.L.F.); (K.M.-S.)
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (J.V.T.D.); (D.d.A.S.); (D.F.L.); (A.F.F.d.S.)
- Programa de Pós Graduação de Biologia Aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil;
| | - Débora Wanderley Villela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (R.R.S.B.); (S.L.C.); (D.W.V.); (G.B.A.); (K.F.P.A.); (K.C.V.d.O.); (E.K.D.d.S.); (A.P.d.L.F.); (K.M.-S.)
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (J.V.T.D.); (D.d.A.S.); (D.F.L.); (A.F.F.d.S.)
| | - Gabriel Barreto Antonino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (R.R.S.B.); (S.L.C.); (D.W.V.); (G.B.A.); (K.F.P.A.); (K.C.V.d.O.); (E.K.D.d.S.); (A.P.d.L.F.); (K.M.-S.)
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (J.V.T.D.); (D.d.A.S.); (D.F.L.); (A.F.F.d.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Renato Guerino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Translacional, Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - François Talles Medeiros Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife 50100-010, PE, Brazil;
| | - Kennedy Freitas Pereira Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (R.R.S.B.); (S.L.C.); (D.W.V.); (G.B.A.); (K.F.P.A.); (K.C.V.d.O.); (E.K.D.d.S.); (A.P.d.L.F.); (K.M.-S.)
| | - João Victor Torres Duarte
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (J.V.T.D.); (D.d.A.S.); (D.F.L.); (A.F.F.d.S.)
| | - Diana de Andrade Silva
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (J.V.T.D.); (D.d.A.S.); (D.F.L.); (A.F.F.d.S.)
| | - Daniel Florentino Lima
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (J.V.T.D.); (D.d.A.S.); (D.F.L.); (A.F.F.d.S.)
| | - Arthur Felipe Freire da Silva
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (J.V.T.D.); (D.d.A.S.); (D.F.L.); (A.F.F.d.S.)
| | - Karla Cybele Vieira de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (R.R.S.B.); (S.L.C.); (D.W.V.); (G.B.A.); (K.F.P.A.); (K.C.V.d.O.); (E.K.D.d.S.); (A.P.d.L.F.); (K.M.-S.)
| | - Edy Kattarine Dias dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (R.R.S.B.); (S.L.C.); (D.W.V.); (G.B.A.); (K.F.P.A.); (K.C.V.d.O.); (E.K.D.d.S.); (A.P.d.L.F.); (K.M.-S.)
| | - Wagner Souza Leite
- Programa de Pós Graduação de Biologia Aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil;
| | | | - Ana Paula de Lima Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (R.R.S.B.); (S.L.C.); (D.W.V.); (G.B.A.); (K.F.P.A.); (K.C.V.d.O.); (E.K.D.d.S.); (A.P.d.L.F.); (K.M.-S.)
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (J.V.T.D.); (D.d.A.S.); (D.F.L.); (A.F.F.d.S.)
| | - Kátia Monte-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (R.R.S.B.); (S.L.C.); (D.W.V.); (G.B.A.); (K.F.P.A.); (K.C.V.d.O.); (E.K.D.d.S.); (A.P.d.L.F.); (K.M.-S.)
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (J.V.T.D.); (D.d.A.S.); (D.F.L.); (A.F.F.d.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Rodrigues de Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (R.R.S.B.); (S.L.C.); (D.W.V.); (G.B.A.); (K.F.P.A.); (K.C.V.d.O.); (E.K.D.d.S.); (A.P.d.L.F.); (K.M.-S.)
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (J.V.T.D.); (D.d.A.S.); (D.F.L.); (A.F.F.d.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Redha Taiar
- MATIM, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France;
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165
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Logan PA, Horne JC, Allen F, Armstrong SJ, Clark AB, Conroy S, Darby J, Fox C, Gladman JR, Godfrey M, Gordon AL, Irvine L, Leighton P, McCartney K, Mountain G, Robertson K, Robinson K, Sach TH, Stirling S, Wilson EC, Sims EJ. A multidomain decision support tool to prevent falls in older people: the FinCH cluster RCT. Health Technol Assess 2022; 26:1-136. [PMID: 35125131 DOI: 10.3310/cwib0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls in care home residents are common, unpleasant, costly and difficult to prevent. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Guide to Action for falls prevention in Care Homes (GtACH) programme. DESIGN A multicentre, cluster, parallel, 1 : 1 randomised controlled trial with embedded process evaluation and economic evaluation. Care homes were randomised on a 1 : 1 basis to the GtACH programme or usual care using a secure web-based randomisation service. Research assistants, participating residents and staff informants were blind to allocation at recruitment; research assistants were blind to allocation at follow-up. NHS Digital data were extracted blindly. SETTING Older people's care homes from 10 UK sites. PARTICIPANTS Older care home residents. INTERVENTION The GtACH programme, which includes care home staff training, systematic use of a multidomain decision support tool and implementation of falls prevention actions, compared to usual falls prevention care. OUTCOMES The primary trial outcome was the rate of falls per participating resident occurring during the 90-day period between 91 and 180 days post randomisation. The primary outcome for the cost-effectiveness analysis was the cost per fall averted, and the primary outcome for the cost-utility analysis was the incremental cost per quality adjusted life-year. Secondary outcomes included the rate of falls over days 0-90 and 181-360 post randomisation, activity levels, dependency and fractures. The number of falls per resident was compared between arms using a negative binomial regression model (generalised estimating equation). RESULTS A total of 84 care homes were randomised: 39 to the GtACH arm and 45 to the control arm. A total of 1657 residents consented and provided baseline measures (mean age 85 years, 32% men). GtACH programme training was delivered to 1051 staff (71% of eligible staff) over 146 group sessions. Primary outcome data were available for 630 GtACH participants and 712 control participants. The primary outcome result showed an unadjusted incidence rate ratio of 0.57 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.71; p < 0.01) in favour of the GtACH programme. Falls rates were lower in the GtACH arm in the period 0-90 days. There were no other differences between arms in the secondary outcomes. Care home staff valued the training, systematic strategies and specialist peer support, but the incorporation of the GtACH programme documentation into routine care home practice was limited. No adverse events were recorded. The incremental cost was £20,889.42 per Dementia Specific Quality of Life-based quality-adjusted life-year and £4543.69 per quality-adjusted life-year based on the EuroQol-5 dimensions, five-level version. The mean number of falls was 1.889 (standard deviation 3.662) in the GtACH arm and 2.747 (standard deviation 7.414) in the control arm. Therefore, 0.858 falls were averted. The base-case incremental cost per fall averted was £190.62. CONCLUSION The GtACH programme significantly reduced the falls rate in the study care homes without restricting residents' activity levels or increasing their dependency, and was cost-effective at current thresholds in the NHS. FUTURE WORK Future work should include a broad implementation programme, focusing on scale and sustainability of the GtACH programme. LIMITATIONS A key limitation was the fact that care home staff were not blinded, although risk was small because of the UK statutory requirement to record falls in care homes. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered as ISRCTN34353836. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 26, No. 9. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa A Logan
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Community Rehabilitation Team, Nottingham CityCare Partnership, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jane C Horne
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Frances Allen
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Allan B Clark
- Norwich Clinical Trials Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Simon Conroy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Janet Darby
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chris Fox
- Norwich Clinical Trials Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - John Rf Gladman
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Health Care of the Elderly Directorate, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Maureen Godfrey
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Adam L Gordon
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Medical School, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - Lisa Irvine
- Centre for Research in Public Health and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Paul Leighton
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Karen McCartney
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gail Mountain
- Centre for Applied Dementia Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Kate Robertson
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Katie Robinson
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Health Care of the Elderly Directorate, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tracey H Sach
- Norwich Clinical Trials Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Susan Stirling
- Norwich Clinical Trials Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Erika J Sims
- Norwich Clinical Trials Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Hörauf JA, Nau C, Mühlenfeld N, Verboket RD, Marzi I, Störmann P. Injury Patterns after Falling down Stairs-High Ratio of Traumatic Brain Injury under Alcohol Influence. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030697. [PMID: 35160145 PMCID: PMC8836855 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Falling down a staircase is a common mechanism of injury in patients with severe trauma, but the effect of varying fall height according to the number of steps on injury patterns in these patients has been little studied. In this retrospective study, prospectively collected data from a Level 1 Trauma Center in Germany were analyzed regarding the injury patterns of patients admitted through the trauma room with suspicion of multiple injuries following a fall down a flight of stairs between January 2016 and December 2019. In total 118 patients were examined which where consecutively included in this study. More than 80% of patients suffered a traumatic brain injury, which increased as a function of the number of stairs fallen. Therefore, the likelihood of intracranial hemorrhage increased with higher numbers of fallen stairs. Fall-associated bony injuries were predominantly to the face, skull and the spine. In addition, there was a high coincidence of staircase falls and alcohol intake. Due to a frequent coincidence of staircase falls and alcohol, the (pre-)clinical neurological assessment is complicated. As the height of the fall increases, severe traumatic brain injury should be anticipated and diagnostics to exclude intracranial hemorrhage and spinal injuries should be performed promptly to ensure the best possible patient outcome.
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Spanò B, Lombardi MG, De Tollis M, Szczepanska MA, Ricci C, Manzo A, Giuli S, Polidori L, Griffini IA, Adriano F, Caltagirone C, Annicchiarico R. Effect of Dual-Task Motor-Cognitive Training in Preventing Falls in Vulnerable Elderly Cerebrovascular Patients: A Pilot Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:168. [PMID: 35203932 PMCID: PMC8869774 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Falling is a frequent and major clinical problem among older adults, as well as in patients with chronic cerebrovascular diseases (CVD). At present, sequential (mixed) and simultaneously (dual-task) motor-cognitive trainings are the best approaches to affording patients more autonomy in their everyday motor independence while reducing fall risks and consequences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an advanced and innovative dual-task motor-cognitive rehabilitation program on fall risks in vulnerable older persons with chronic CVD. To this purpose, 26 consecutive older fallers with chronic CVD were recruited, and completed a mixed motor-cognitive or a dual-task motor-cognitive training program. Each patient also underwent two test evaluations to assess balance, gait, fear of falling, and walking performance at pre-and post-intervention. We found that our experimental motor-cognitive dual-task rehabilitation program could be an effective method to improve walking balance, gait, walking speed, and fear of falling, while reducing the risk of falls in older people with chronic CVD. Furthermore, results show that the simultaneous motor-cognitive training is more effective than the sequential motor-cognitive training. Therefore, our study brings innovative data, which can contribute positively to the management of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Spanò
- Technology and Training Methods for Disability Care Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy; (M.G.L.); (M.D.T.); (M.A.S.); (C.R.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (L.P.); (I.A.G.); (F.A.); (C.C.); (R.A.)
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168
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Association between types of leisure-time physical activity and falls in the older adults: a population-based study. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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169
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Pirushi R, Imeraj Z, Veseli D, Bilali V. The Most Common Cardiovascular, Orthopedic, and Neurological Problems in the Elderly and Nursing Care. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.7936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: Health problems of the elderly in addition to purely medical constitute a complex and quite acute social, economic, psychological, and spiritual problem, which are growing unstoppably everywhere in the world. The main purpose of this study is to assess the general health of the elderly, to identify the most common pathologies, and to describe the role and responsibilities of the nurse in the elderly with cardiovascular, neurological, and orthopedic diseases, in all patients in geriatric clinics.
METHODS: The method used during this study was conducted through a questionnaire of the elderly in geriatric centers. The paper includes data on patients during the period April–June, 2020.
RESULTS: Data were observed on 300 elderly persons of whom 100 persons or 33% were female and 200 persons or 67% were male. The mean age of patients was 90 ± 65 years. These elderly people were given information about living conditions, social problems, diseases they had, etc. The most common pathologies of these elderly people studied were cardiovascular problems 25%, orthopedic problems 31%, and neurological problems 43%. We see that women are more predisposed to cardiovascular problems in 66% of cases compared to men in 34% of cases; most predisposed to orthopedic problems are again women in 55% of cases compared to men in 45% of cases and more predisposed to neurological problems are men in 60% of cases and women in 40% of cases, it is significant (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: From the above data, it is noticed that almost all the elderly have a concomitant disease. The role of the nurse should be to focus on the daily monitoring of the patient’s condition, to identify in time the possible risks, and to explain to the patient how to take the therapy, how long to take this therapy, what may be the side effects and how medications should be combined.
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170
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McManus K, Greene BR, Ader LGM, Caulfield B. Development of Data-driven Metrics for Balance Impairment and Fall Risk Assessment in Older Adults. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022; 69:2324-2332. [PMID: 35025734 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3142617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ageing incurs a natural decline of postural control which has been linked to an increased risk of falling. Accurate balance assessment is important in identifying postural instability and informing targeted interventions to prevent falls in older adults. Inertial sensor (IMU) technology offers a low-cost means for objective quantification of human movement. This paper describes two studies carried out to advance the use of IMU-based balance assessments in older adults. Study 1 (N=39) presents the development of two new IMU-derived balance measures. Study 2 (N=248) reports a reliability analysis of IMU postural stability measures and validates the novel balance measures through comparison with clinical scales. We also report a statistical fall risk estimation algorithm based on IMU data captured during static balance assessments alongside a method of improving this fall risk estimate by incorporating standard clinical fall risk factor data. Results suggest that both new balance measures are sensitive to balance deficits captured by the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up and Go test. Results obtained from the fall risk classifier models suggest they are more accurate (67.9%) at estimating fall risk status than a model based on BBS (59.2%). While the accuracies of the reported models are lower than others reported in the literature, the simplicity of the assessment makes it a potentially useful screening tool for balance impairments and falls risk. The algorithms presented in this paper may be suitable for implementation on a smartphone and could facilitate unsupervised assessment in the home.
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171
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Rodrigues F, Domingos C, Monteiro D, Morouço P. A Review on Aging, Sarcopenia, Falls, and Resistance Training in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:874. [PMID: 35055695 PMCID: PMC8775372 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As aging continues to grow in our society, sarcopenia and associated fall risk is considered a public health problem since falling is the third cause of chronic disability. Falls are negatively related to functionality and independence and positively associated with morbidity and mortality. The cost of treatment of secondary injuries related to falls is high. For example, one in ten fall incidents leads to bone fractures and several other comorbidities. As demonstrated by several experimental studies, adopting a more active lifestyle is critical for reducing the number of fall episodes and their consequences. Therefore, it is essential to debate the proven physical exercise methods to reduce falls and fall-related effects. Since muscle mass, muscle strength, bone density, and cartilage function may play significant roles in daily activities, resistance training may positively and significantly affect the elderly. This narrative review aimed to examine current evidence on existing resistance training using resistance machines and bodyweight or low-cost equipment for the elderly and how they are related to falls and fall-related consequences. We provide theoretical links between aging, sarcopenia, and falls linking to resistance training and offer practical suggestions to exercise professionals seeking to promote regular physical exercise to promote quality of life in this population. Exercise programs focusing on strength may significantly influence muscle mass and muscle strength, minimizing functional decline and risk of falling. Resistance training programs should be customized to each elderly according to age, sex, and other fundamental and individual aspects. This narrative review provides evidence to support recommendations for practical resistance training in the elderly related to intensity and volume. A properly designed resistance training program with adequate instructions and technique is safe for the elderly. It should include an individualized approach based on existing equipment (i.e., body weight, resistance machines). Existing literature shows that exercise performance towards 2-3 sets of 1-2 exercises per major muscle group, performing 5-8 repetitions or achieving intensities of 50-80% of 1RM, 2-3 times per week should be recommended, followed by training principles such as periodization and progression. Bearing this in mind, health and exercise professionals should combine efforts focusing on efficient strategies to reduce falls among the elderly and promote higher experiences of well-being at advanced stages in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Rodrigues
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (F.R.); (D.M.)
- Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal;
| | | | - Diogo Monteiro
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (F.R.); (D.M.)
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro Morouço
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (F.R.); (D.M.)
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), 2410-541 Leiria, Portugal
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172
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Recording of Falls in Elderly Fallers in Northern Greece and Evaluation of Aging Health-Related Factors and Environmental Safety Associated with Falls: A Cross-Sectional Study. Occup Ther Int 2022; 2022:9292673. [PMID: 35082561 PMCID: PMC8759840 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9292673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elderly falls constitute a global problem with huge social and economic aspects. Fall risk factors are both intrinsic (physical and psychological) and extrinsic (related with environmental safety). Aim To record both intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors and their correlation in elderly fallers in order to suggest specific guidelines for their medical care and environmental modification inside and outside the home. Method The study involved 150 elderly fallers (median age 70 (67-74)), who completed a record containing information on known risk factors related to their health status, as well as information on the conditions and causes that led to the fall. Each fall was considered an independent event, while measurements were performed regarding balance, strength, their functional ability, and the fear of a possible fall. Descriptive analysis and frequency analysis were used to record the health and activity status of the participants as well as the fall-related environmental factors. Severity of each fall event across a variety of locations was examined using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. Multiple linear regression was applied to examine the effect of the mean values of functional tests and medical records on the number of fall events. Results In the span of 12 months, a total of 304 fall events were recorded. Regarding location, 77.6% occurred indoors; more frequent were the bedroom (28.6%) and the bathroom (28%). The interior stairs (10.5%), the kitchen (4.9%), and the living room (3.3%) were the less frequent locations. Concerning danger, falling on the interior stairs caused the longest hospitalization, followed by the kitchen and the bathroom. Extrinsic factors that led to both indoor and outdoor falls were the administration of psychotropic medication, poor space ergonomics, lack of basic safety standards, and poor lighting conditions. Vision problems and dizziness resulted in more falls than other intrinsic factors. Furthermore, reduced performance in the FICSIT-4 test and the 30-Second Chair Stand Test, as well as high scores in the CONFbal–GREEK questionnaire and the Short FES-I, shows a linear relationship with an increased number of falls. Conclusions Ergonomic interventions can help prevent indoor elderly falls. Poor construction and lack of adequate lighting mainly cause outdoor falls. Regular eye examinations, management of vertigo, improvement of the balance and strength of the lower limbs, and reduction of fear of impending falls are the intrinsic factors that help prevent falls the most.
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173
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Calnan S, Lee K, McHugh S. Assessing the scalability of an integrated falls prevention service for community-dwelling older people: a mixed methods study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:17. [PMID: 34979957 PMCID: PMC8721469 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02717-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing acknowledgement of the need for a phased approach to scaling up health interventions, beginning with an assessment of ‘scalability’, that is, the capacity of an individual intervention to be scaled up. This study aims to assess the scalability of a multi-component integrated falls prevention service for community-dwelling older people and to examine the applicability of the Intervention Scalability Assessment Tool (ISAT). The ISAT consists of 10 domains for consideration when determining the scalability of an intervention, and each domain comprises a series of questions aimed at examining readiness for scale-up. Methods Multiple methods were used sequentially as recommended by the ISAT: a review of policy documents, results from a service evaluation and falls-related literature; one-to-one interviews (n = 11) with key stakeholders involved in management and oversight of the service; and a follow-up online questionnaire (n = 10) with stakeholders to rate scalability and provide further feedback on reasons for their scores. Results Three of the ISAT domains were rated highly by the participants. Analysis of the qualitative feedback and documents indicated that the issue of falls prevention among older people was of sufficient priority to warrant scale-up of the service and that the service aligned with national health policy priorities. Some participants also noted that benefits of the service could potentially outweigh costs through reduced hospital admissions and serious injuries such as hip fracture. The remaining domains received a moderate score from participants, however, indicating considerable barriers to scale-up. In the qualitative feedback, barriers identified included the perceived need for more healthcare staff to deliver components of the service, for additional infrastructure such as adequate room space, and for an integrated electronic patient management system linking primary and secondary care and to prevent duplication of services. Conclusions Plans to scale up the service are currently under review given the practical barriers that need to be addressed. The ISAT provides a systematic and structured framework for examining the scalability of this multi-component falls prevention intervention, although the iterative nature of the process and detailed and technical nature of its questions require considerable time and knowledge of the service to complete. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-021-02717-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Calnan
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Karen Lee
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sheena McHugh
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
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174
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Wei FL, Li T, Gao QY, Huang Y, Zhou CP, Wang W, Qian JX. Association Between Vitamin D Supplementation and Fall Prevention. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:919839. [PMID: 36034418 PMCID: PMC9399608 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.919839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls occur frequently among older individuals, leading to high morbidity and mortality. This study was to assess the efficacy of vitamin D in preventing older individuals from falling. METHODS We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases systematically using the keywords "vitamin D" and "fall" for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of vitamin D with or without calcium supplements with those of a placebo or no treatment on fall incidence in adults older than 50 years. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate risk ratios (RRs), absolute risk differences (ARDs) and 95% CIs with random-effects models. RESULTS A total of 38 RCTs involving 61 350 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Compared with placebo, high-dose vitamin D (≥ 700 IU) can prevent falls [RR, 0.87 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.96); ARD, -0.06 (95% CI, -0.10 to -0.02)]. Low-dose vitamin D (<700 IU) was not significantly associated with falls. Subgroup analysis showed that supplemental calcium, 25(OH) D concentration and frequency influenced the effect of vitamin D in preventing falls. Sensitivity analysis showed that vitamin D prevented falls, which was consistent with the primary analysis. In addition, the active form of vitamin D also prevented falls. CONCLUSION In this meta-analysis of RCTs, doses of 700 IU to 2000 IU of supplemental vitamin D per day were associated with a lower risk of falling among ambulatory and institutionalized older adults. However, this conclusion should be cautiously interpreted, given the small differences in outcomes. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42020179390.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Long Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Quan-You Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuli Huang
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Cheng-Pei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Ji-Xian Qian, ; Wen Wang, ; Cheng-Pei Zhou,
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Shanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Ji-Xian Qian, ; Wen Wang, ; Cheng-Pei Zhou,
| | - Ji-Xian Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Ji-Xian Qian, ; Wen Wang, ; Cheng-Pei Zhou,
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175
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Dimai HP, Reichardt B, Zitt E, Concin H, Malle O, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Svedbom A, Brozek W. Thirty years of hip fracture incidence in Austria: is the worst over? Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:97-104. [PMID: 34392387 PMCID: PMC8758599 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nationwide hip fracture incidence in the Austrian population was assessed over a period of 30 years (1989-2018), including 20 years data from a previous study and a recent 10 years follow-up. While absolute numbers in men continued to increase, absolute numbers in women and age-standardized incidences in both men and women decreased. PURPOSE In the Austrian population ≥ 50 years, nationwide hip fracture incidences over a period of 20 years (1989-2008) have shown an initial steep increase, followed by a leveling-off during the last few years of observation. The purpose of the present study was to follow up on hip fracture incidences for another 10 years (2009-2018) and to analyze trends over the entire period of 30 years. METHODS ICD-10 code classes S72.0, S72.1, and S72.2 were applied. All data were retrieved from the Statistics Austria database and its hospital discharge register. Annual absolute numbers, crude and age-standardized incidences, and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were stratified by sex and 5-year age intervals, and calculated by using a correction factor for multiple registrations. RESULTS Total number of hip fracture cases increased from 13,984 (2009) to 14,640 (2015), and decreased thereafter to 14,457 (2018), despite a persistent increase in men. Age-standardized incidences peaked at 476/100,000 (2010), followed by a decrease to 408/100,000 (2018). The observed overall decrease was mainly driven by the female population. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) yielded a statistically significant average annual decrease of age-standardized incidences in both women and men (∆IRR 0.984; 0.981-0.987). CONCLUSION While absolute numbers of hip fracture in women showed a slight decrease during the last 10 years of observation, numbers in men continued to increase. Age-standardized incidences nevertheless decreased in both men and women, which may be interpreted as a trend in the right direction. However, due to the rapid aging of the population, it cannot be precluded that this trend will be compromised during the next few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Peter Dimai
- Divison of Endocrinology & Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | | | - Emanuel Zitt
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 (Nephrology and Dialysis), Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Hans Concin
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Oliver Malle
- Divison of Endocrinology & Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid Fahrleitner-Pammer
- Divison of Endocrinology & Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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176
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White ND. Mitigating Medication-Related Fall Risk Through Pharmacist-Prescriber Collaboration. Am J Lifestyle Med 2021; 15:602-604. [PMID: 34916879 DOI: 10.1177/15598276211035361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medications are known to increase the risk for fall in older adults, and pharmacists can contribute to fall risk prevention through medication therapy management services. STEADI-Rx is an initiative developed to facilitate fall risk reduction through pharmacist-prescriber collaboration. Key components of the STEADI-Rx algorithm are described as well as evidence supporting its integration in practice.
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177
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Benini C, Esposito D, Adami G, Vantaggiato E, Gatti D, Rossini M, Fassio A. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation: when and why. Minerva Obstet Gynecol 2021; 73:704-713. [PMID: 34905876 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-606x.20.04682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disease, with fragility fractures representing its dreaded complications. The role of calcium and vitamin D supplementation needs to be addressed in the context of a heavy health burden, with a massive impact on individuals, healthcare systems, and societies as a whole. Calcium and vitamin D are often discussed together as interventions for promoting bone health. Still, it is essential to remember that they are quite distinct entities that play different roles in mineral metabolism. Insufficient calcium intake and vitamin D deficiency are common and widespread. Furthermore, a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and extra-skeletal outcomes has emerged over the last decades. When dietary intake is insufficient, with little room for improvement, several supplementation strategies have proved to be effective and safe. Adequate calcium intake and vitamin D serum levels should be pursued efficiently in the general population, and deficiency should be considered unacceptable in subsets particularly at risk. The aim of this narrative review was to present an overview of calcium and vitamin D intake and their supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Benini
- Unit of Rheumatology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Adami
- Unit of Rheumatology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Davide Gatti
- Unit of Rheumatology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Fassio
- Unit of Rheumatology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy -
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178
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Ashari A, Hamid TA, Hussain MR, Ibrahim R, Hill KD. Prevalence, Circumstances, and Risk Factors of Falls Among Community Dwelling Members of University of the Third Age. Front Public Health 2021; 9:610504. [PMID: 34900882 PMCID: PMC8652217 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.610504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Study aimed to identify the prevalence of falls and associated contributory factors among older Malaysians. Methods: A cross sectional study among community dwelling older adults aged 50 years and above. Self-administered questionnaires on history of falls in the previous 12 months, physical assessment and computerized and clinical measures of balance were assessed on a single occasion. Results: Forty nine (31.0%) participants fell, with 4.4% reported having multiple falls within the previous 12 months. Slips were the most prevalent cause of falls, accounting for 49% of falls. More than half (54.5%) of falls occurred in the afternoon while participants walked inside the home (32.7%), outside home (30.6%), and 36.7% were in community areas. More than half of respondents were identified as having turning instability. Step Test, turn sway, depression, physical activity level and edge contrast sensitivity were significantly worse for fallers (p < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that turning performance, visual acuity and back pain were significantly associated with falls risk, accounting for 72% of the variance of risk factors for falls among studied population. Conclusion: Falls are common among community dwelling older Malaysians. The findings provide information of falls and falls risk factors among community dwelling older adults in Malaysia. Future intervention studies should target locally identified falls risk factors. This study has highlighted the importance of instability during turning as an important fall risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmidawati Ashari
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Social Gerontology, Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing MyAgeing™, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tengku Aizan Hamid
- Laboratory of Social Gerontology, Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing MyAgeing™, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rizal Hussain
- Laboratory of Social Gerontology, Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing MyAgeing™, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Rahimah Ibrahim
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Social Gerontology, Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing MyAgeing™, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Keith D Hill
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Racey M, Markle-Reid M, Fitzpatrick-Lewis D, Ali MU, Gagne H, Hunter S, Ploeg J, Sztramko R, Harrison L, Lewis R, Jovkovic M, Sherifali D. Fall prevention in community-dwelling adults with mild to moderate cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:689. [PMID: 34893027 PMCID: PMC8665555 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02641-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment (CI) increases an individual's risk of falls due to the role cognition plays in gait control. Older adults with dementia fall 2-3 times more than cognitively healthy older adults and 60-80% of people with dementia fall annually. Practitioners require evidence-based fall prevention best practices to reduce the risk of falls in cognitively impaired adults living in the community. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the effectiveness of primary and secondary fall prevention interventions in reducing falls and fear of falling, and improving gait, balance, and functional mobility. We searched 7 databases for fall prevention interventions involving community-dwelling adults ≥50 years with mild to moderate CI. Reviewers screened citations, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias and certainty of evidence (GRADE). We assessed statistical and methodological heterogeneity and performed a meta-analysis of studies including subgroup analysis based on intervention and risk of bias groupings. RESULTS Five hundred nine community-dwelling adults (mean age 67.5 to 84.0 years) with mild to moderate CI from 12 randomized or clinical controlled trials (RCTs/CCTs) were included in this review. Eight studies were exercise interventions, 3 were multifactorial, and 1 provided medication treatment. Fall prevention interventions had significant effects of medium magnitude on fear of falling (standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.73 [- 1.10, - 0.36]), balance (SMD 0.66 [0.19, 1.12]), and functional mobility measured as Timed Up and Go test (SMD -0.56 [- 0.94, - 0.17]) and significant effects of small magnitude on gait control (SMD 0.26 [0.08, 0.43]) all with moderate certainty of evidence. The meta-analysis showed no significant effects for falls (number of events or falls incidence). Sub-analysis showed that exercise and low risk of bias studies remained significant for balance and perceived risk of falls. CONCLUSION The effect of fall prevention interventions on direct outcomes, such as falls, remains unclear in cognitively impaired individuals. Exercise interventions are effective at improving fall risk factors, however, high quality studies with longer follow-up and adequate sample sizes are needed to determine their effectiveness on falls directly. There remains a gap in terms of effective fall prevention interventions for older adults with CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Racey
- McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team; and School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
| | - M Markle-Reid
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University; and Scientific Director, Aging, Community and Health Research Unit, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - D Fitzpatrick-Lewis
- McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team; and School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - M U Ali
- McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team and Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - H Gagne
- Injury Prevention, Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Hunter
- School of Physical Therapy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Ploeg
- School of Nursing, McMaster University and Aging, Community and Health Research Unit, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - R Sztramko
- Geriatric Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - R Lewis
- McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team, Hamilton, Canada
| | - M Jovkovic
- McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team, Hamilton, Canada
| | - D Sherifali
- McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team; and School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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180
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Pech M, Sauzeon H, Yebda T, Benois-Pineau J, Amieva H. Falls Detection and Prevention Systems in Home Care for Older Adults: Myth or Reality? JMIR Aging 2021; 4:e29744. [PMID: 34889755 PMCID: PMC8704100 DOI: 10.2196/29744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an exponential increase in the range of digital products and devices promoting aging in place, in particular, devices aiming at preventing or detecting falls. However, their deployment is still limited and only few studies have been carried out in population-based settings owing to the technological challenges that remain to be overcome and the barriers that are specific to the users themselves, such as the generational digital divide and acceptability factors specific to the older adult population. To date, scarce studies consider these factors. To capitalize technological progress, the future step should be to better consider these factors and to deploy, in a broader and more ecological way, these technologies designed for older adults receiving home care to assess their effectiveness in real life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Pech
- Medical Research Unit 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Helene Sauzeon
- National Institute for Research in Digital Science and Technology, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thinhinane Yebda
- Medical Research Unit 5800, Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique, National Center for Scientific Research, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jenny Benois-Pineau
- Medical Research Unit 5800, Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique, National Center for Scientific Research, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Helene Amieva
- Medical Research Unit 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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181
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You HS, Kwon YJ, Kim S, Kim YH, Kim YS, Kim Y, Roh YK, Park B, Park YK, Park CH, Son JS, Shin J, Shin HY, Oh B, Lee JW, Shim JY, Won CW, Yoo JW, Lee SH, Kang HT, Lee DC. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Managing Frailty in Community-Dwelling Korean Elderly Adults in Primary Care Settings. Korean J Fam Med 2021; 42:413-424. [PMID: 34871482 PMCID: PMC8648485 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.21.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging has become a global problem, and the interest in healthy aging is growing. Healthy aging involves a focus on the maintenance of the function and well-being of elderly adults, rather than a specific disease. Thus, the management of frailty, which is an accumulated decline in function, is important for healthy aging. The adaptation method was used to develop clinical practice guidelines on frailty management that are applicable in primary care settings. The guidelines were developed in three phases: preparation (organization of committees and establishment of the scope of development), literature screening and evaluation (selection of the clinical practice guidelines to be adapted and evaluation of the guidelines using the Korean Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool), and confirmation of recommendations (three rounds of Delphi consensus and internal and external reviews). A total of 16 recommendations (five recommendations for diagnosis and assessment, 11 recommendations for intervention of frailty) were made through the guideline development process. These clinical practice guidelines provide overall guidance on the identification, evaluation, intervention, and monitoring of frailty, making them applicable in primary care settings. As aging and “healthy aging” become more and more important, these guidelines are also expected to increase in clinical usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Sun You
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye-Seul Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yonghwan Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yong-Kyun Roh
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoungjin Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Young Kyu Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chang-Hae Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Haengbokhankajung Clinic, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joung Sik Son
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Bumjo Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jae Yong Shim
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Won Won
- Elderly Frailty Research Center, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Won Yoo
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Sang-Hyun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hee-Taik Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Duk Chul Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Stattin K, Höijer J, Hållmarker U, Baron JA, Larsson SC, Wolk A, Michaëlsson K, Byberg L. Fracture risk across a wide range of physical activity levels, from sedentary individuals to elite athletes. Bone 2021; 153:116128. [PMID: 34302997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine how physical activity is associated with risk of different fracture outcomes across the full range of physical activity. METHODS By combining information from three cohort studies and using generalized structural equation modelling, we estimated a continuous unitless latent variable reflecting physical activity that ranged from sedentary through elite athlete levels. Associations between physical activity and fracture outcomes were assessed with proportional hazards regression using restricted cubic splines with the mean physical activity (corresponding to 20-40 min walking or bicycling/day or 2-3 h exercise/week) as reference. RESULTS Among 63,980 men and women (49-68 years) and during 13 years of follow-up, 8506 fractures occurred, including 2164 distal forearm, 779 proximal humerus, 346 clinical spine, and 908 hip fractures. Both lower and higher physical activity was associated with higher risk of any fracture compared to the mean. Physical activity at 1 standard deviation (SD) below the mean, corresponding to walking/bicycling <20 min/day or exercising <1-1 h/week, was associated with a lower risk of distal forearm fracture (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85-0.99) and higher risk of hip fracture (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.13-1.37), but no associations were seen above the mean physical activity level for these fractures. Physical activity was not associated with proximal humerus fracture but had a possible U-shaped association with clinical spine fracture. CONCLUSION Physical activity was non-linearly associated with fracture risk and the association differed across fracture sites. Up to 2-3 h weekly exercise is beneficial for the prevention of hip fracture but may increase the risk of distal forearm fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Stattin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Höijer
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hållmarker
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Mora Lasarett, Mora, Sweden
| | - John A Baron
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liisa Byberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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183
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Thonga T, Stasi S, Papathanasiou G. The Effect of Intensive Close-Kinetic-Chain Exercises on Functionality and Balance Confidence After Total Knee Arthroplasty. Cureus 2021; 13:e18965. [PMID: 34815906 PMCID: PMC8606040 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an additional close-kinetic-chain exercise program (CKC-PT), in conjunction with the standard physiotherapy intervention (TKA-PT), on the general health status, functionality, balance confidence, and postoperative falls of knee osteoarthritic patients who had undergone total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patients and methods Thirty community-dwellers, aged >65 years, were randomized into equal groups. The Greek versions of the SF-36 version1.0 (SF-36v1.0-Gr), WOMAC® (WOMAC®-Gr), Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale (ABC-Greek), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and Berg Balance Scale were assessed preoperatively and twice postoperatively (7th week and 12th month). Non-parametric (Mann-Whitney test) and parametric (two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) model and student t-test) analyses were used to compare the percentage changes in all variables. Results The CKC-PT group reported better (%) functional improvement (WOMAC®-Gr Physical Function subscale) and higher (%) balance confidence (ABS-Greek) at the seventh week and twelfth month as compared to TKA-PT (p<0.05). No other statistically significant differences were observed. Conclusions The implementation of a close-kinetic-chain exercise program, in addition to standard physiotherapy, may significantly increase both the functionality and balance confidence of patients who have undergone TKA. Further studies are needed to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theano Thonga
- Physiotherapy and Paramedical Department, General Hospital of Attica "KAT", Athens, GRC
| | - Sophia Stasi
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Study of Motion - LANECASM, Physiotherapy Department, University of West Attica, Athens, GRC
| | - George Papathanasiou
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Study of Motion - LANECASM, Physiotherapy Department, University of West Attica, Athens, GRC
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184
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Bovim LPV, Valved L, Bleikli B, Geitung AB, Soleim H, Bogen B. Theoretical Rationale for Design of Tasks in a Virtual Reality-Based Exergame for Rehabilitation Purposes. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:734223. [PMID: 34795575 PMCID: PMC8593199 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.734223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual reality games are playing a greater role in rehabilitation settings. Previously, commercial games have dominated, but increasingly, bespoke games for specific rehabilitation contexts are emerging. Choice and design of tasks for VR-games are still not always clear, however; some games are designed to motivate and engage players, not necessarily with the facilitation of specific movements as a goal. Other games are designed specifically for the facilitation of specific movements. A theoretical background for the choice of tasks seems warranted. As an example, we use a game that was designed in our lab: VR Walk. Here, the player walks on a treadmill while wearing a head-mounted display showing a custom-made virtual environment. Tasks include walking on a glass bridge across a drop, obstacle avoidance, narrowing path, walking in virtual footsteps, memory, and selection tasks, and throwing and catching objects. Each task is designed according to research and theory from movement science, exercise science, and cognitive science. In this article, we discuss how for example walking across a glass bridge gives perceptual challenges that may be suitable for certain medical conditions, such as hearing loss, when perceptual abilities are strained to compensate for the hearing loss. In another example, walking in virtual footsteps may be seen as a motor and biomechanical constraint, where the double support phase and base of support can be manipulated, making the task beneficial for falls prevention. In a third example, memory and selection tasks may challenge individuals that have cognitive impairments. We posit that these theoretical considerations may be helpful for the choice of tasks and for the design of virtual reality games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Peder Vatshelle Bovim
- SimArena Rehabilitation Lab, Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.,The Vitality Centre for Children and Youth, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lauritz Valved
- Department of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bendik Bleikli
- Department of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Atle Birger Geitung
- Department of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Harald Soleim
- Department of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bård Bogen
- SimArena Rehabilitation Lab, Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
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185
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Warrington DJ, Shortis EJ, Whittaker PJ. Are wearable devices effective for preventing and detecting falls: an umbrella review (a review of systematic reviews). BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2091. [PMID: 34775947 PMCID: PMC8591794 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Falls are a common and serious health issue facing the global population, causing an estimated 646,000 deaths per year globally. Wearable devices typically combine accelerometers, gyroscopes and even barometers; using the data collected and inputting this into an algorithm that decides whether a fall has occurred. The purpose of this umbrella review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the systematic reviews on the effectiveness of wearable electronic devices for falls detection in adults. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), and CINAHL, were searched from their inceptions until April 2019 for systematic reviews that assessed the accuracy of wearable technology in the detection of falls. Results Seven systematic reviews were included in this review. Due to heterogeneity between the included systematic reviews in their methods and their reporting of results, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Most devices tested used accelerometers, often in combination with gyroscopes. Three systematic reviews reported an average sensitivity of 93.1% or greater and an average specificity of 86.4% or greater for the detection of falls. Placing sensors on the trunk, foot or leg appears to provide the highest accuracy for falls detection, with multiple sensors increasing the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of these devices. Conclusions This review demonstrated that wearable device technology offers a low-cost and accurate way to effectively detect falls and summon for help. There are significant differences in the effectiveness of these devices depending on the type of device and its placement. Further high-quality research is needed to confirm the accuracy of these devices in frail older people in real-world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Joseph Warrington
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Room 2.545, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Jane Shortis
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Room 2.545, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Paula Jane Whittaker
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Room 2.545, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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186
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Seppala LJ, Kamkar N, Ryg J, Masud T, Daams J, Montero-Odasso MM, Hartikainen S, Petrovic M, van der Velde N. Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the effectiveness of deprescribing in falls prevention in older people. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e047190. [PMID: 34732476 PMCID: PMC8572380 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the known risk factors for fall incidents is the use of specific medications, fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs). However, to date, there is uncertainty related to the effectiveness of deprescribing as a single intervention in falls prevention. Thus, a comprehensive update of the literature focusing on all settings in which older people receive healthcare and all deprescribing interventions is warranted to enhance the current knowledge. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This systematic review protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A systematic search was performed in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO (2 November 2020). We will also search in trial registers. We will include randomised controlled trials, in which any deprescribing intervention is compared with usual care and reports falls as an outcome. Both title and abstract screening and full-text screening will be done by two reviewers. The Cochrane Collaboration revised tool of Risk of Bias will be applied to perform risk of bias assessment. We will categorise the results separately for every setting. If a group of sufficiently comparable studies will be identified, we will perform a meta-analysis applying random effects model. We will investigate heterogeneity using a combination of visual inspection of the forest plot along with consideration of the χ2 test and the I2 statistic results. We have prespecified several subgroup and sensitivity analyses. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval is not applicable for this study since no original data will be collected. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations. Furthermore, this systematic review will inform the recommendations of working group of polypharmacy and FRIDs of the anticipated World's Falls Guidelines. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020218231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta J Seppala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nellie Kamkar
- Gait and Brain Laboratory, Lawson Research Health Institute, Parkwood Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jesper Ryg
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- ODIN (Odense Depresscibing INitiative), Odense, Denmark
| | - Tahir Masud
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Joost Daams
- Research Support, Medical Library, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel M Montero-Odasso
- Gait and Brain Lab, Lawson Research Health Institute, Parkwood Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Medicine (Geriatrics) and of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mirko Petrovic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics (Section of Geriatrics), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie van der Velde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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187
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Feasibility of a Remotely Delivered Strength and Balance Training Program for Older Adults with Cancer. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:4408-4419. [PMID: 34898562 PMCID: PMC8628693 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Falls are a major issue among older adults with cancer and lead to interruptions in cancer treatment. Resistance and balance training can prevent falls in older adults, but minimal evidence is available regarding the older cancer population, who often have unique risk factors. We used a pre-post design to assess the feasibility of a remotely delivered exercise program that progressed in difficulty and its efficacy on lower body strength, balance, and falls in older adults with cancer who had prior in-person exercise experience. Twenty-six older adults with cancer completed the intervention. Attendance rate for the virtual component was 97.6% and for the independent component was 84.7%. Participants perceived the program as rewarding and enjoyable (100%), felt this program prepared them to exercise on their own (92%), were confident to continue exercising on their own (81%), and would recommend the program to other patients (100%). The median balance score at baseline and end-of-study was 4 (IQR = 0). The median chair-stand time decreased from 9.2 s (IQR = 3.13) to 7.7 s (IQR = 4.6). A statistically significant difference in lower body strength (r = 0.68, p = 0.001) was detected post-intervention. The findings from this study can inform the design of a larger randomized trial.
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188
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Sattar S, Haase KR, Milisen K, Campbell D, Kim SJ, Chalchal H, Kenis C. Oncology clinic nurses' attitudes and perceptions regarding implementation of routine fall assessment and fall risk screening: A survey study. Can Oncol Nurs J 2021; 31:367-375. [PMID: 34786454 PMCID: PMC8565430 DOI: 10.5737/23688076314367375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Falls in older adults with cancer are often under-recognized and under-reported. The objective of this study was to explore oncology clinic nurses' willingness and perceived barriers to implement routine falls assessment and falls screening in their practice. Nurses working in outpatient oncology clinics were invited to complete an online survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and sorted into thematic categories. The majority of respondents indicated willingness to routinely ask older patients about falls (85.7%) and screen for fall risks (73.5%). The main reasons for unwillingness included: belief that patients report falls on their own, lack of time, and lack of support staff. Findings from this study show many oncology nurses believe in the importance of routine fall assessment and screening and are willing to implement them routinely, although falls are not routinely asked about or assessed. Future work should explore strategies to address barriers nurses face given the implications of falls amongst this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen R Haase
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Koen Milisen
- Department of Geriatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium & Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diane Campbell
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK
| | - Soo Jung Kim
- Geriatrics Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Haji Chalchal
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Regina, SK
| | - Cindy Kenis
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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189
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Relationship between Cataract Surgery and Mortality in Elderly Patients with Cataract: Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in South Korea. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111128. [PMID: 34834480 PMCID: PMC8625327 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the relationship between cataract surgery and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Korean elderly patients with cataract using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Senior cohort database. Elderly patients (≥60 years) diagnosed with cataract from 2002 through 2012 were included. The baseline characteristics included demographics and systemic and ocular comorbidities. Adjusted Cox regression models with time-varying covariates for cataract surgery were used to assess the relationship between cataract surgery and mortality. The study cohort included 241,062 patients, of whom 127,941 were in the cataract surgery group and 113,121 were in the cataract diagnosis group. The incidence of all-cause mortality was 3.62 deaths/100 person-years and 3.19 deaths/100 person-years in the cataract surgery and cataract diagnosis groups, respectively. Cataract surgery was associated with a decreased hazard of all-cause mortality after adjusting for demographics as well as systemic and ocular comorbidities (hazard ratio (HR), 0.93; p < 0.001). A protective association was noted between cataract surgery and mortality from vascular (HR, 0.92; p < 0.001) or neurologic (HR, 0.64; p < 0.001) causes. Patients with cataract who were 85 years of age and older, women, those who had lower income, and a Charlson comorbidity index score of 5 or more, or those without glaucoma revealed the largest reductions in mortality hazards resulting from cataract surgery.
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190
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Sattar S, Haase KR, Milisen K, Campbell D, Kim SJ, Chalchal H, Kenis C. Évaluation systématique des chutes et du risque de chutes : Sondage sur l’attitude et les perceptions des infirmières cliniques en oncologie. Can Oncol Nurs J 2021; 31:376-385. [PMID: 34786455 PMCID: PMC8565442 DOI: 10.5737/23688076314376385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chez les personnes âgées atteintes de cancer, les chutes sont un problème souvent sous-estimé et peu rapporté. La présente étude visait à explorer la volonté des infirmières cliniques en oncologie à évaluer et à dépister systématiquement les chutes dans leur pratique; l’étude examinait également les obstacles perçus à l’évaluation et au dépistage systématique. Les infirmières ont donc été invitées à remplir un sondage en ligne. Les données ont été analysées à l’aide de statistiques descriptives. La majorité des infirmières ayant répondu ont dit qu’elles accepteraient de poser systématiquement des questions sur les chutes (85,7 %) et de dépister les risques de chutes (73,5 %) chez les personnes âgées. Voici les principales raisons des réticences : conviction que les patients signalent les chutes d’euxmêmes, manque de temps, pénurie de personnel de soutien. Selon les résultats de l’étude, beaucoup d’infirmières en oncologie trouvent important d’évaluer et de dépister systématiquement les chutes, et sont d’accord pour l’intégrer à leur pratique bien que, d’habitude, les chutes ne fassent pas automatiquement l’objet de questions ou d’une évaluation. Étant donné les conséquences des chutes sur ces patients vulnérables, la recherche à venir devra explorer les stratégies permettant de surmonter les obstacles auxquels se butent les infirmières.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schroder Sattar
- Collège des sciences infirmières, Université de la Saskatchewan, Regina, SK
| | - Kristen R Haase
- École des sciences infirmières, Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, BC
| | - Koen Milisen
- Département de gériatrie, Hôpital universitaire de Louvain, Louvain, Belgique, et Département de santé publique et de soins primaires, Centre universitaire de sciences infirmières et de pratique sagefemme, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgique
| | - Diane Campbell
- Collège des sciences infirmières, Université de la Saskatchewan, Regina, SK
| | - Soo Jung Kim
- Service de gériatrie, Centre de cancérologie Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, États-Unis
| | - Haji Chalchal
- Collège de médecine, Université de la Saskatchewan, Agence du cancer de la Saskatchewan, Regina, SK
| | - Cindy Kenis
- Hôpital universitaire de Louvain, Louvain, Belgique
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191
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Kitayuguchi J, Abe T, Okuyama K, Gomi T, Okada S, Shiwaku K, Mutoh Y. Association between a hilly neighborhood environment and falls among rural older adults: a cross-sectional study. J Rural Med 2021; 16:214-221. [PMID: 34707730 PMCID: PMC8527625 DOI: 10.2185/jrm.2021-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Falls in older adults are a major public health issue, and it is
unclear whether the neighborhood environment is associated with falls among this group.
This cross-sectional study investigated whether hilly neighborhood environmental factors
were associated with fall status (falls or fear of falling) in rural Japanese older
adults. Materials and Methods: Data obtained from 965 participants aged 65 years and
older living in Unnan City, Shimane Prefecture, Japan, in 2017 were analyzed. Fall status
was assessed based on the 1-year fall incidence (yes/no) for the past year and fear of
falling (yes/no) using a self-report questionnaire. For hilly neighborhood environmental
factors, the mean elevation and land slope were assessed using a geographic information
system. The logistic regression model examined the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence
intervals (CIs) of fall status in quartiles for elevation and land slope, respectively,
and was adjusted for confounders. Results: Falls and fear of falling were observed in 16.8% and 43.2% of
participants, respectively. Falls were associated with elevation (OR 1.99, 95% CI
1.17–3.37 for Q2 vs. Q1; OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.19–3.44 for Q3 vs. Q1) and land slope (OR 1.74,
95% CI 1.04–2.93 for Q3 vs. Q1; OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.04–2.93 for Q4 vs. Q1). Fear of falling
was associated with elevation (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.19–2.65 for Q3 vs. Q1) and land slope (OR
1.51, 95% CI 1.01–2.25 for Q4 vs. Q1). Conclusion: Our study found that elevation and land slope as hilly
neighborhood environment factors were positively associated with falls or fear of falling
among older adults living in rural Japan. Prospective observational studies that
investigate the effects of region-specific environmental factors on falls among older
adults should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kitayuguchi
- Physical Education and Medicine Research Center UNNAN, Japan
| | - Takafumi Abe
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Japan
| | - Kenta Okuyama
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Japan.,Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Shinpei Okada
- Physical Education and Medicine Research Foundation, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiteru Mutoh
- The Research Institute of Health Rehabilitation of Tokyo, Japan
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192
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Su YH, Chang YM, Kung CY, Sung CK, Foo WS, Wu MH, Chiou SJ. A study of correlations between metabolic syndrome factors and osteosarcopenic adiposity. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:216. [PMID: 34711214 PMCID: PMC8555223 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00880-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging reduces the quality and strength of bones and muscles and increases body fat, which can lead to the simultaneous occurrence of sarcopenia, osteopenia, and adiposity, a condition referred to as OsteoSarcopenic Adiposity (OSA). While previous studies have demonstrated that metabolic syndrome is associated with sarcopenia, osteopenia, and adiposity, the relationship between metabolic syndrome and OSA remains largely unknown. METHODS We analyzed data for a sample of middle-aged individuals from a Health Management Center database, which was collected in 2016-2018. There are 2991 cases of people over 50 years from a physical examination center in a hospital in Taiwan during 2016-2018. In addition to descriptive statistics, chi-squared test, analysis of variance, and multinomial logistic regression analysis were conducted to examine OSA risk and associated factors. RESULTS Based on multinomial logistic regression analysis, in different OSA severity level (1-3 more serious), those who are with metabolic syndrome has increased the 2.49-2.57 times risk of OSA (p < 0.001) in OSA = 2 and 3 groups while there is no significant difference in OSA =1 group. CONCLUSION The prevalence of OSA may impair the health and quality of life in the elderly group, especially those diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, increasing the risk of OSA. These results can help promote early diagnosis and treatment of OSA in clinical settings, particularly among aging individuals with abnormal physical function, the group with the highest OSA incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Su
- Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Chang
- Department of Urology, West Garden Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Kung
- Department of Medical Research and Education, West Garden Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Kuei Sung
- Department of Nursing, West Garden Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shin Foo
- Department of Rehabilitation, West Garden Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hua Wu
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Jyh Chiou
- Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
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193
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Alipour V, Azami-Aghdash S, Rezapour A, Derakhshani N, Ghiasi A, Yusefzadeh N, Taghizade S, Amuzadeh S. Cost-Effectiveness of Multifactorial Interventions in Preventing Falls among Elderly Population: A Systematic Review. Bull Emerg Trauma 2021; 9:159-168. [PMID: 34692866 PMCID: PMC8525694 DOI: 10.30476/beat.2021.84375.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To review the cost-effectiveness of multifactorial interventions to prevent falls in elderly people. Methods: In this systematic review, the databases including PubMed via MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar (from 1st January 2000 to 30th February) were used. All pre-reviewed articles related to cost-effectiveness analysis of multifactorial interventions to prevent falls in elderly were included in this paper and congresses abstracts were excluded. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data and content-analysis method to analyze qualitative data. Results: Out of the 456 articles, 19 were finally included in the study. Eighteen articles were conducted in High-Income Countries (HICs) and 16 were at the community level. Medical visits consultation and education were the most common interventions. Most studies were cost-effectiveness and using the Randomized Control Trial (RCT) methods. A fall of prevention costs ranged from $ 272 to $ 987. Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) interventions also ranged from the US $ 120,667 to the US $ 4280.9. Conclusion: The results show that despite the high effectiveness of multifactorial interventions to prevent elderly falls, the cost of the interventions are high and they are not very cost-effective. It would be better to design and implement multifactorial interventions with low cost and high effectiveness that are appropriate for each country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Alipour
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Azami-Aghdash
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aziz Rezapour
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Derakhshani
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Ghiasi
- Health Administration HEB School of Business & Administration, University of the Incarnate Word, Texas, USA
| | - Neghar Yusefzadeh
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Taghizade
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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194
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Loureiro V, Gomes M, Loureiro N, Aibar-Almazán A, Hita-Contreras F. Multifactorial Programs for Healthy Older Adults to Reduce Falls and Improve Physical Performance: Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10842. [PMID: 34682586 PMCID: PMC8535839 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to investigate the effects of multifactorial programs on the rate of falls and physical performance in ≥60 years old adults. A systematic literature search was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library). A total of 518 articles were identified in the initial search, and six RCTs were finally included. Articles written in English, Portuguese and Spanish and published from January 2009 to May 2020 were included in this study. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated by the PEDro scale. A total of 518 studies were identified in the initial search, six RCTs were finally included, and three reached a level 1 of evidence. The findings of this systematic review of RCTs suggest that a physical exercise program, especially exercise group activities, combined with health education or with fall risk home assessment, were the most effective multifactorial program in reducing the rate of falls, although the results were not conclusive in all the studies included. Significant beneficial effects were observed in physical performance, particularly when assessed as gait, mobility and balance, regardless of the components of multifactorial program or exercise. This inconsistency in the results, particularly regarding the rate of falls, together with the variability among the multifactorial programs, suggest that any conclusion must be drawn with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Loureiro
- Department of Arts, Humanities and Sports, School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal; (M.G.); (N.L.)
- ISAMB Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Gomes
- Department of Arts, Humanities and Sports, School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal; (M.G.); (N.L.)
| | - Nuno Loureiro
- Department of Arts, Humanities and Sports, School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal; (M.G.); (N.L.)
- ISAMB Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Agustín Aibar-Almazán
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.A.-A.); (F.H.-C.)
| | - Fidel Hita-Contreras
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.A.-A.); (F.H.-C.)
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195
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Cortés OL, Piñeros H, Aya PA, Sarmiento J, Arévalo I. Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials: In-hospital use of sensors for prevention of falls. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27467. [PMID: 34731123 PMCID: PMC8519232 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intra-hospital falls have become an important public health problem globally. The use of movement sensors with alarms has been studied as elements with predictive capacity for falls at hospital level. However, in spite of their use in some hospitals throughout the world, evidence is lacking about their effectiveness in reducing intra-hospital falls. Therefore, this study aims to develop a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing scientific literature exploring the impact of using sensors for fall prevention in hospitalized adults and the elderly population. METHODS We explored literature based on clinical trials in Spanish, English, and Portuguese, assessing the impact of devices used for hospital fall prevention in adult and elderly populations. The search included databases such as IEEE Xplore, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Science Direct databases. The critical appraisal was performed independently by two researchers. Methodological quality was assessed based on the ratings of individual biases. We performed the sum of the results, generating an estimation of the grouped effect (Relative Risk, 95% CI) for the outcome first fall for each patient. We assessed heterogeneity and publication bias. The study followed PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Results were assessed in three randomized controlled clinical trials, including 29,691 patients. A total of 351 (3%) patients fell among 11,769 patients assigned to the intervention group, compared with 426 (2.4%) patients who fell among 17,922 patients assigned to the control group (general estimation RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.04, 1.37, P = .02, I2 = 0%; Moderate GRADE). CONCLUSION Our results show an increase of 19% in falls among elderly patients who are users of sensors located in their bed, bed-chair, or chair among their hospitalizations. Other types of sensors such as wearable sensors can be explored as coadjutants for fall prevention care in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga L. Cortés
- Department of Research and Department of Nursing. Fundación Cardioinfantil - Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hillary Piñeros
- Biomedical Engineering student, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering. Universidad del Rosario - Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pedro Antonio Aya
- Biomedical Engineer, MSC. Faculty of Biomedical Engineering. Universidad del Rosario - Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jefferson Sarmiento
- Electronic Engineer, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering. Universidad del Rosario - Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Indira Arévalo
- Nurse, Director of Nursing Department. Clínica Universidad de la Sabana, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
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196
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Forth KE, Layne CS, Madansingh SI. Self-Monitoring of Balance Performance can Reduce the Rate of Falls Among Older Adults. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:680269. [PMID: 34632375 PMCID: PMC8498210 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.680269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: 29% of older adults fall annually, resulting in the leading cause of accidental death. Fall prevention programs typically include exercise training and self-monitoring of physical activity has a positive effect on the self-efficacy and self-regulation of exercise behaviors. We assessed if self-monitoring of fall risk, without an intervention, impacts fall rates. Methods: Fifty-three older adults had open access to a balance measuring platform which allowed them to self-monitor their postural stability and fall risk using a simple 1-min standing balance test. 12-month retrospective fall history was collected and a monthly/bimonthly fall log captured prospective falls. Participants had access to self-monitoring for up to 2.2 years. Fall history and fall incidence rate ratios and their confidence intervals were compared between the periods of time with and without access to self-monitoring. Results: A 54% reduction in the number of people who fell and a 74% reduction in the number of falls was observed when participants were able to self-monitor their postural stability and fall risk, after normalizing for participation length. Further, 42.9% of individuals identified as having high fall risk at baseline shifted to a lower risk category at a median 34 days and voluntarily measured themselves for a longer period of time. Discussion: We attribute this reduction in falls to changes in health behaviors achieved through empowerment from improved self-efficacy and self-regulation. Providing older adults with the ability to self-monitor their postural stability and intuit their risk of falling appears to have modified their health behaviors to successfully reduce fall rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles S Layne
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Neuromotor and Biomechanics Research, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Neuro-Engineering and Cognitive Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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197
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Vestibular rehabilitation with mobile posturography as a "low-cost" alternative to vestibular rehabilitation with computerized dynamic posturography, in old people with imbalance: a randomized clinical trial. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:2807-2819. [PMID: 33677737 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vestibular rehabilitation (VR), specifically, VR with dynamic computerized posturography (CDP) has proven to be useful to improve balance and reduce the risk of falling in old patients. Its major handicap is probably its cost, which has hindered its generalisation. One solution to reduce this cost is performing VR with mobile posturography systems, which allow assessment of stability at the center of body mass in daily-life conditions. Also, rehabilitation with vibrotactile neurofeedback training could be used in dynamic tasks. OBJECTIVE To assess whether two different protocols of vestibular rehabilitation (using CDP and the Vertiguard system) show significant differences in the improvement of balance among older persons with imbalance METHODS: A clinical trial comparing VR with CDP exercises and VR with mobile posturography (Vertiguard) exercises, was designed. The participants were people over 65 years, with imbalance. The composite (average balance) in the sensory organization test (SOT) of the CDP was the main outcome measure; it was compared before and 3 weeks after VR, and between both intervention groups. RESULTS 40 patients were included in the study (19 in the CDP-VR group and 21 in the Vertiguard-VR group). Average balance was significantly improved in both intervention groups (51% pre-VR vs 60% post-VR, p = 0.002, CDP-VR group; 49% pre-VR vs 57% post-VR, p = 0.008, Vertiguard-VR group); no significant differences in this improvement were found comparing both groups (p = 0.580). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS VR using mobile posturography is useful to improve stability in old people with instability, showing similar improvement rates to those of VR using CDP. UNIQUE IDENTIFIER NCT03034655 www.clinicaltrials.gov Registered on 25 January 2017.
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198
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Rogers C. Audiologists should not fail with falls: A call to commit to prevention of falls in older adults. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2021; 68:e1-e5. [PMID: 34636596 PMCID: PMC8517736 DOI: 10.4102/sajcd.v68i1.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, falls are a serious economic and public health concern. While all age groups are impacted by falls, the threats to morbidity and mortality are most severe in older adults. Recent literature has linked hearing loss, and related issues such as an increase in sedentary behaviour, to a greater risk of falls. Therefore, this opinion article aims to raise audiologists’ awareness of falls in ageing patients or clients, and calls for change in terms of having these rehabilitation professionals embrace identification and management of fall risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Rogers
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town.
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199
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Meekes WM, Korevaar JC, Leemrijse CJ, van de Goor IA. Practical and validated tool to assess falls risk in the primary care setting: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045431. [PMID: 34588228 PMCID: PMC8483054 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although several falls risk assessment tools are available, it is unclear which have been validated and which would be most suitable for primary care practices. This systematic review aims to identify the most suitable falls risk assessment tool for the primary care setting (ie, requires limited time, no expensive equipment and no additional space) and that has good predictive performance in the assessment of falls risk among older people living independently. DESIGN A systematic review based on prospective studies. METHODS An extensive search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane and PsycINFO. Tools were excluded if they required expensive and/or advanced software that is not usually available in primary care units and if they had not been validated in at least three different studies. Of 2492 articles published between January 2000 and July 2020, 27 were included. RESULTS Six falls risk assessment tools were identified: Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Gait Speed test, Berg Balance Scale, Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment, Functional Reach test and falls history. Most articles reported area under the curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 for these tools. Sensitivity and specificity varied substantially across studies (eg, TUG, sensitivity:10%-83.3%, specificity:28.4%-96.6%). CONCLUSIONS Given that none of the falls risk assessment tools had sufficient predictive performance (AUC <0.7), other ways of assessing high falls risk among independently living older people in primary care should be investigated. For now, the most suitable way to assess falls risk in the primary care setting appears to involve asking patients about their falls history. Compared with the other five tools, the falls history requires the least amount of time, no expensive equipment, no training and no spatial adjustments. The clinical judgement of healthcare professionals continues to be most important, as it enables the identification of high falls risk even for patients with no falls history. TRIAL REGISTRAION NUMBER The Netherlands Trial Register, NL7917; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wytske Ma Meekes
- Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ien Am van de Goor
- Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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200
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Kwon J, Lee Y, Young T, Squires H, Harris J. Qualitative research to inform economic modelling: a case study in older people's views on implementing the NICE falls prevention guideline. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:1020. [PMID: 34583685 PMCID: PMC8479997 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High prevalence of falls among older persons makes falls prevention a public health priority. Yet community-based falls prevention face complexity in implementation and any commissioning strategy should be subject to economic evaluation to ensure cost-effective use of healthcare resources. The study aims to capture the views of older people on implementing the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline on community-based falls prevention and explore how the qualitative data can be used to inform commissioning strategies and conceptual modelling of falls prevention economic evaluation in the local area of Sheffield. Methods Focus group and interview participants (n = 27) were recruited from Sheffield, England, and comprised falls prevention service users and eligible non-users of varying falls risks. Topics concerned key components of the NICE-recommended falls prevention pathway, including falls risk screening, multifactorial risk assessment and treatment uptake and adherence. Views on other topics concerning falls prevention were also invited. Framework analysis was applied for data analysis, involving data familiarisation, identifying themes, indexing, charting and mapping and interpretation. The qualitative data were mapped to three frameworks: (1) facilitators and barriers to implementing the NICE-recommended pathway and contextual factors; (2) intervention-related causal mechanisms for formulating commissioning strategies spanning context, priority setting, need, supply and demand; and (3) methodological and evaluative challenges for public health economic modelling. Results Two cross-component factors were identified: health motives of older persons; and professional competence. Participants highlighted the need for intersectoral approaches and prioritising the vulnerable groups. The local commissioning strategy should consider the socioeconomic, linguistic, geographical, legal and cultural contexts, priority setting challenges, supply-side mechanisms spanning provider, organisation, funding and policy (including intersectoral) and health and non-health demand motives. Methodological and evaluative challenges identified included: incorporating non-health outcomes and societal intervention costs; considering dynamic complexity; considering social determinants of health; and conducting equity analyses. Conclusions Holistic qualitative research can inform how commissioned falls prevention pathways can be feasible and effective. Qualitative data can inform commissioning strategies and conceptual modelling for economic evaluations of falls prevention and other geriatric interventions. This would improve the structural validity of quantitative models used to inform geriatric public health policies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-021-07056-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kwon
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Court (ScHARR), 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, England, S1 4DA.
| | - Yujin Lee
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, England, CV4 7AL
| | - Tracey Young
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Court (ScHARR), 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, England, S1 4DA
| | - Hazel Squires
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Court (ScHARR), 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, England, S1 4DA
| | - Janet Harris
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Court (ScHARR), 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, England, S1 4DA
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