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Abstract
Tumours contain multiple different cell populations, including cells derived from the bone marrow as well as cancer-associated fibroblasts and various stromal populations including the vasculature. The microenvironment of the tumour cells plays a significant role in the response of the tumour to radiation treatment. Low levels of oxygen (hypoxia) caused by the poorly organized vasculature in tumours have long been known to affect radiation response; however, other aspects of the microenvironment may also play important roles. This article reviews some of the old literature concerning tumour response to irradiation and relates this to current concepts about the role of the tumour microenvironment in tumour response to radiation treatment. Included in the discussion are the role of cancer stem cells, radiation damage to the vasculature and the potential for radiation to enhance immune activity against tumour cells. Radiation treatment can cause a significant influx of bone marrow-derived cell populations into both normal tissues and tumours. Potential roles of such cells may include enhancing vascular recovery as well as modulating immune reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Hill
- 1 Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,2 Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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152
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Marcu LG. Future treatment directions for HPV-associated head and neck cancer based on radiobiological rationale and current clinical evidence. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 103:27-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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153
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Li C, Yan Z, Cao X, Zhang X, Yang L. Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Synthetase 1 Knockdown Suppresses Tumor Formation of Glioma CD133+ Cells Through Upregulating Cell Apoptosis. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 60:145-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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154
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Gao X, Sishc BJ, Nelson CB, Hahnfeldt P, Bailey SM, Hlatky L. Radiation-Induced Reprogramming of Pre-Senescent Mammary Epithelial Cells Enriches Putative CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) Stem Cell Phenotype. Front Oncol 2016; 6:138. [PMID: 27379202 PMCID: PMC4905979 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The enrichment of putative CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) breast stem cell populations following exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) has been ascribed to their inherent radioresistance and an elevated frequency of symmetric division during repopulation. However, recent studies demonstrating radiation-induced phenotypic reprogramming (the transition of non-CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) cells into the CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) phenotype) as a potential mechanism of CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) cell enrichment have raised the question of whether a higher survival and increased self-renewal of existing CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) cells or induced reprogramming is an additional mode of enrichment. To investigate this question, we combined a cellular automata model with in vitro experimental data using both MCF-10A non-tumorigenic human mammary epithelial cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with the goal of identifying the mechanistic basis of CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) stem cell enrichment in the context of radiation-induced cellular senescence. Quantitative modeling revealed that incomplete phenotypic reprogramming of pre-senescent non-stem cells (reprogramming whereby the CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) phenotype is conveyed, along with the short-term proliferation capacity of the original cell) could be an additional mode of enriching the CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) subpopulation. Furthermore, stem cell enrichment in MCF-7 cells occurs both at lower doses and earlier time points, and has longer persistence, than that observed in MCF-10A cells, suggesting that phenotypic plasticity appears to be less regulated in breast cancer cells. Taken together, these results suggest that reprogramming of pre-senescent non-stem cells may play a significant role in both cancer and non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial populations following exposure to IR, a finding with important implications for both radiation therapy and radiation carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Gao
- Inserm UMR 1181, Biostatistics, Biomathematics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Infectious Diseases (B2PHI), Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, UMR 1181, B2PHI, Paris, France; Université de Versailles St Quentin, UMR 1181, B2PHI, Paris, France; Center of Cancer Systems Biology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brock J Sishc
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christopher B Nelson
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Philip Hahnfeldt
- Center of Cancer Systems Biology, Tufts University , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Susan M Bailey
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Lynn Hlatky
- Center of Cancer Systems Biology, Tufts University , Boston, MA , USA
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155
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Sridharan DM, Asaithamby A, Blattnig SR, Costes SV, Doetsch PW, Dynan WS, Hahnfeldt P, Hlatky L, Kidane Y, Kronenberg A, Naidu MD, Peterson LE, Plante I, Ponomarev AL, Saha J, Snijders AM, Srinivasan K, Tang J, Werner E, Pluth JM. Evaluating biomarkers to model cancer risk post cosmic ray exposure. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2016; 9:19-47. [PMID: 27345199 PMCID: PMC5613937 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Robust predictive models are essential to manage the risk of radiation-induced carcinogenesis. Chronic exposure to cosmic rays in the context of the complex deep space environment may place astronauts at high cancer risk. To estimate this risk, it is critical to understand how radiation-induced cellular stress impacts cell fate decisions and how this in turn alters the risk of carcinogenesis. Exposure to the heavy ion component of cosmic rays triggers a multitude of cellular changes, depending on the rate of exposure, the type of damage incurred and individual susceptibility. Heterogeneity in dose, dose rate, radiation quality, energy and particle flux contribute to the complexity of risk assessment. To unravel the impact of each of these factors, it is critical to identify sensitive biomarkers that can serve as inputs for robust modeling of individual risk of cancer or other long-term health consequences of exposure. Limitations in sensitivity of biomarkers to dose and dose rate, and the complexity of longitudinal monitoring, are some of the factors that increase uncertainties in the output from risk prediction models. Here, we critically evaluate candidate early and late biomarkers of radiation exposure and discuss their usefulness in predicting cell fate decisions. Some of the biomarkers we have reviewed include complex clustered DNA damage, persistent DNA repair foci, reactive oxygen species, chromosome aberrations and inflammation. Other biomarkers discussed, often assayed for at longer points post exposure, include mutations, chromosome aberrations, reactive oxygen species and telomere length changes. We discuss the relationship of biomarkers to different potential cell fates, including proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, and loss of stemness, which can propagate genomic instability and alter tissue composition and the underlying mRNA signatures that contribute to cell fate decisions. Our goal is to highlight factors that are important in choosing biomarkers and to evaluate the potential for biomarkers to inform models of post exposure cancer risk. Because cellular stress response pathways to space radiation and environmental carcinogens share common nodes, biomarker-driven risk models may be broadly applicable for estimating risks for other carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steve R Blattnig
- Langley Research Center, Langley Research Center (LaRC), VA, United States
| | - Sylvain V Costes
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Lynn Hlatky
- CCSB-Tufts School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yared Kidane
- Wyle Science, Technology & Engineering Group, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amy Kronenberg
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Mamta D Naidu
- CCSB-Tufts School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Leif E Peterson
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ianik Plante
- Wyle Science, Technology & Engineering Group, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Artem L Ponomarev
- Wyle Science, Technology & Engineering Group, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Janapriya Saha
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Jonathan Tang
- Exogen Biotechnology, Inc., Berkeley, CA, United States
| | | | - Janice M Pluth
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.
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156
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Baulch JE, Geidzinski E, Tran KK, Yu L, Zhou YH, Limoli CL. Irradiation of primary human gliomas triggers dynamic and aggressive survival responses involving microvesicle signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2016; 57:405-415. [PMID: 26602180 DOI: 10.1002/em.21988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are heterogeneous populations of dynamically interacting cells. Genomic and transcriptional changes define this cellular hierarchy and allow certain tumor cells to co-opt metabolic machinery and adopt gene expression profiles that promote cellular reprogramming. Resultant expansion of privileged subpopulations can then rapidly adapt to microenvironmental stress that ultimately influence tumor response to therapeutic intervention. In this study, primary gliomas were subjected to acute or chronic irradiation and analyzed for changes in survival parameters, oxidative stress, gene expression, and cell invasion before and after treatment with secreted microvesicles isolated from irradiated and nonirradiated glioma cells. We found that primary gliomas exposed to ionizing radiation undergo metabolic changes that increase oxidative stress, alter gene expression, and affect the contents of and response to cellular secreted microvesicles. Radiation-induced changes were exacerbated under chronic as compared to acute irradiation paradigms and promoted cellular reprogramming through enhanced expression of key transcription factors and regulators involved in differentiation and pluripotency (SOX2, POU3F2, SALL2, OLIG2, NANOG, POU5F1v1, MSI1). Irradiation also affected changes in paracrine signaling mediated by cellular secreted microvesicles that significantly altered target cell phenotype. Primary gliomas treated with microvesicles exhibited increased radioresistance and treatment with microvesicles from chronically irradiated gliomas promoted invasion via induction of increased matrix metalloproteinase II activity. Together, our data describe a complex radiation response of primary glioma cells involving metabolic and transcriptional changes that alter radiation sensitivity and induce invasive behavior. These important changes can contribute to tumor growth and recurrence, and confound interventions designed to forestall disease progression. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:405-415, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet E Baulch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Erich Geidzinski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Katherine K Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Liping Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Yi-Hong Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Charles L Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
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157
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Okamoto S, Shiga T, Yasuda K, Watanabe S, Hirata K, Nishijima KI, Magota K, Kasai K, Onimaru R, Tuchiya K, Kuge Y, Shirato H, Tamaki N. The reoxygenation of hypoxia and the reduction of glucose metabolism in head and neck cancer by fractionated radiotherapy with intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 43:2147-2154. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-016-3431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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158
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Stegen B, Klumpp L, Misovic M, Edalat L, Eckert M, Klumpp D, Ruth P, Huber SM. K + channel signaling in irradiated tumor cells. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2016; 45:585-598. [PMID: 27165704 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
K+ channels crosstalk with biochemical signaling cascades and regulate virtually all cellular processes by adjusting the intracellular K+ concentration, generating the membrane potential, mediating cell volume changes, contributing to Ca2+ signaling, and directly interacting within molecular complexes with membrane receptors and downstream effectors. Tumor cells exhibit aberrant expression and activity patterns of K+ channels. The upregulation of highly "oncogenic" K+ channels such as the Ca2+-activated IK channel may drive the neoplastic transformation, malignant progression, metastasis, or therapy resistance of tumor cells. In particular, ionizing radiation in doses used for fractionated radiotherapy in the clinic has been shown to activate K+ channels. Radiogenic K+ channel activity, in turn, contributes to the DNA damage response and promotes survival of the irradiated tumor cells. Tumor-specific overexpression of certain K+ channel types together with the fact that pharmacological K+ channel modulators are already in clinical use or well tolerated in clinical trials suggests that K+ channel targeting alone or in combination with radiotherapy might become a promising new strategy of anti-cancer therapy. The present article aims to review our current knowledge on K+ channel signaling in irradiated tumor cells. Moreover, it provides new data on molecular mechanisms of radiogenic K+ channel activation and downstream signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Stegen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Klumpp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Milan Misovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lena Edalat
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marita Eckert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Klumpp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Ruth
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan M Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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159
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De Bacco F, D'Ambrosio A, Casanova E, Orzan F, Neggia R, Albano R, Verginelli F, Cominelli M, Poliani PL, Luraghi P, Reato G, Pellegatta S, Finocchiaro G, Perera T, Garibaldi E, Gabriele P, Comoglio PM, Boccaccio C. MET inhibition overcomes radiation resistance of glioblastoma stem-like cells. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:550-68. [PMID: 27138567 PMCID: PMC5130292 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) contains stem-like cells (GSCs) known to be resistant to ionizing radiation and thus responsible for therapeutic failure and rapidly lethal tumor recurrence. It is known that GSC radioresistance relies on efficient activation of the DNA damage response, but the mechanisms linking this response with the stem status are still unclear. Here, we show that the MET receptor kinase, a functional marker of GSCs, is specifically expressed in a subset of radioresistant GSCs and overexpressed in human GBM recurring after radiotherapy. We elucidate that MET promotes GSC radioresistance through a novel mechanism, relying on AKT activity and leading to (i) sustained activation of Aurora kinase A, ATM kinase, and the downstream effectors of DNA repair, and (ii) phosphorylation and cytoplasmic retention of p21, which is associated with anti-apoptotic functions. We show that MET pharmacological inhibition causes DNA damage accumulation in irradiated GSCs and their depletion in vitro and in GBMs generated by GSC xenotransplantation. Preclinical evidence is thus provided that MET inhibitors can radiosensitize tumors and convert GSC-positive selection, induced by radiotherapy, into GSC eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Bacco
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Ambrosio
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Elena Casanova
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Francesca Orzan
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Roberta Neggia
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Raffaella Albano
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Federica Verginelli
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Manuela Cominelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pietro L Poliani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Luraghi
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Gigliola Reato
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Serena Pellegatta
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Finocchiaro
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Pietro Gabriele
- Unit of Radiotherapy, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Paolo M Comoglio
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Carla Boccaccio
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
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160
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Gameiro SR, Malamas AS, Bernstein MB, Tsang KY, Vassantachart A, Sahoo N, Tailor R, Pidikiti R, Guha CP, Hahn SM, Krishnan S, Hodge JW. Tumor Cells Surviving Exposure to Proton or Photon Radiation Share a Common Immunogenic Modulation Signature, Rendering Them More Sensitive to T Cell-Mediated Killing. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016; 95:120-130. [PMID: 27084634 PMCID: PMC4834148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide the foundation for combining immunotherapy to induce tumor antigen-specific T cells with proton radiation therapy to exploit the activity of those T cells. METHODS AND MATERIALS Using cell lines of tumors frequently treated with proton radiation, such as prostate, breast, lung, and chordoma, we examined the effect of proton radiation on the viability and induction of immunogenic modulation in tumor cells by flow cytometric and immunofluorescent analysis of surface phenotype and the functional immune consequences. RESULTS These studies show for the first time that (1) proton and photon radiation induced comparable up-regulation of surface molecules involved in immune recognition (histocompatibility leukocyte antigen, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and the tumor-associated antigens carcinoembryonic antigen and mucin 1); (2) proton radiation mediated calreticulin cell-surface expression, increasing sensitivity to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte killing of tumor cells; and (3) cancer stem cells, which are resistant to the direct cytolytic activity of proton radiation, nonetheless up-regulated calreticulin after radiation in a manner similar to non-cancer stem cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer a rationale for the use of proton radiation in combination with immunotherapy, including for patients who have failed radiation therapy alone or have limited treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia R Gameiro
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anthony S Malamas
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael B Bernstein
- Division of Radiation Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kwong Y Tsang
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - April Vassantachart
- Division of Radiation Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Narayan Sahoo
- Division of Radiation Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ramesh Tailor
- Division of Radiation Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rajesh Pidikiti
- Division of Radiation Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chandan P Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Stephen M Hahn
- Division of Radiation Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - James W Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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161
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Sun X, Liu J, Xu C, Tang SC, Ren H. The insights of Let-7 miRNAs in oncogenesis and stem cell potency. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1779-88. [PMID: 27097729 PMCID: PMC4988292 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the classic tumour‐suppressive let‐7 family to inhibit carcinogenesis, tumour progression, recurrence and pluripotency of cancer stem cells has generated significant interest in the field of cancer research. Through suppressing and degrading downstream‐targeted mRNAs, let‐7 affected most aspects of cell biology. It is perplexing how let‐7 affects oncogenesis, as the large influx of new miRNAs and other kinds of non‐coding RNAs are continuously defined. In this review, we delineate the complex functions of let‐7 and discuss the future direction of let‐7 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chongwen Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shou-Ching Tang
- Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA.,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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162
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Leroi N, Lallemand F, Coucke P, Noel A, Martinive P. Impacts of Ionizing Radiation on the Different Compartments of the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:78. [PMID: 27064581 PMCID: PMC4811953 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most important modalities for cancer treatment. For many years, the impact of RT on cancer cells has been extensively studied. Recently, the tumor microenvironment (TME) emerged as one of the key factors in therapy resistance. RT is known to influence and modify diverse components of the TME. Hence, we intent to review data from the literature on the impact of low and high single dose, as well as fractionated RT on host cells (endothelial cells, fibroblasts, immune and inflammatory cells) and the extracellular matrix. Optimizing the schedule of RT (i.e., dose per fraction) and other treatment modalities is a current challenge. A better understanding of the cascade of events and TME remodeling following RT would be helpful to design optimal treatment combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Leroi
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - François Lallemand
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium; Cyclotron Research Center, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Coucke
- Radiotherapy-Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Martinive
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium; Radiotherapy-Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de LiègeLiège, Belgium
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163
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Mezencev R, Matyunina LV, Jabbari N, McDonald JF. Snail-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of MCF-7 breast cancer cells: systems analysis of molecular changes and their effect on radiation and drug sensitivity. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:236. [PMID: 26988558 PMCID: PMC4797178 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been associated with the acquisition of metastatic potential and the resistance of cancer cells to therapeutic treatments. MCF-7 breast cancer cells engineered to constitutively express the zinc-finger transcriptional repressor gene Snail (MCF-7-Snail cells) have been previously shown to display morphological and molecular changes characteristic of EMT. We report here the results of a comprehensive systems level molecular analysis of changes in global patterns of gene expression and levels of glutathione and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MCF-7-Snail cells and the consequence of these changes on the sensitivity of cells to radiation treatment and therapeutic drugs. Methods Snail-induced changes in global patterns of gene expression were identified by microarray profiling using the Affymetrix platform (U133 Plus 2.0). The resulting data were processed and analyzed by a variety of system level analytical methods. Levels of ROS and glutathione (GSH) were determined by fluorescent and luminescence assays, and nuclear levels of NF-κB protein were determined by an ELISA based method. The sensitivity of cells to ionizing radiation and anticancer drugs was determined using a resazurin-based cell cytotoxicity assay. Results Constitutive ectopic expression of Snail in epithelial-like, luminal A-type MCF-7 cells induced significant changes in the expression of >7600 genes including gene and miRNA regulators of EMT. Mesenchymal-like MCF-7-Snail cells acquired molecular profiles characteristic of triple-negative, claudin-low breast cancer cells, and displayed increased sensitivity to radiation treatment, and increased, decreased or no change in sensitivity to a variety of anticancer drugs. Elevated ROS levels in MCF-7-Snail cells were unexpectedly not positively correlated with NF-κB activity. Conclusions Ectopic expression of Snail in MCF-7 cells resulted in morphological and molecular changes previously associated with EMT. The results underscore the complexity and cell-type dependent nature of the EMT process and indicate that EMT is not necessarily predictive of decreased resistance to radiation and drug-based therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2274-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Mezencev
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biology, and Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Lilya V Matyunina
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biology, and Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Neda Jabbari
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biology, and Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - John F McDonald
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biology, and Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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164
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Peitzsch C, Cojoc M, Hein L, Kurth I, Mäbert K, Trautmann F, Klink B, Schröck E, Wirth MP, Krause M, Stakhovsky EA, Telegeev GD, Novotny V, Toma M, Muders M, Baretton GB, Frame FM, Maitland NJ, Baumann M, Dubrovska A. An Epigenetic Reprogramming Strategy to Resensitize Radioresistant Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2637-51. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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165
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Jin H, Gao S, Guo H, Ren S, Ji F, Liu Z, Chen X. Re-sensitization of radiation resistant colorectal cancer cells to radiation through inhibition of AMPK pathway. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3197-3201. [PMID: 27123089 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is commonly used to treat multi-tumors to attenuate the risk of recurrence. Despite impressive initial clinical responses, a large proportion of patients experience resistance to RT. Therefore, identification of functionally relevant biomarkers would be beneficial for radioresistant patients. Adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) is recognized as a mediator of tumor suppressor gene function. In the present study, radio-sensitive and -resistant colon cancer patient samples were compared and the AMPK pathway was observed to be highly activated in radioresistant patients. In addition, the protein and mRNA levels of AMPK were upregulated in radioresistant colon cancer cells in comparison to radiosensitive colon cancer cells. The present study provides evidence that activation of AMPK by metformin contributes to radioresistance. Inhibition of AMPK by either small interfering RNA or Compound C, which is a specific inhibitor of AMPK, re-sensitized radiation resistant cells. The data presented indicates a synergistic effect on radiation resistant cancer cells by the combination of Compound C and radiation. In summary, the present study proposes that inhibition of the AMPK pathway is a potential strategy for reversing radiation resistance and may contribute to the development of therapeutic anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyong Jin
- Department of General Surgery, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Sujie Gao
- Department of Anesthesia, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Guo
- Department of General Surgery, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Ren
- Department of General Surgery, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Fujian Ji
- Department of General Surgery, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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166
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Abstract
Chemoresistant metastatic relapse of minimal residual disease plays a significant role for poor prognosis of cancer. Growing evidence supports a critical role of cancer stem cell (CSC) behind the mechanisms for this deadly disease. This review briefly introduces the basics of the conventional chemotherapies, updates the CSC theories, highlights the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which CSC smartly designs and utilizes multiple lines of self-defense to avoid being killed by chemotherapy, and concisely summarizes recent progress in studies on CSC-targeted therapies in the end, with the hope to help guide future research toward developing more effective therapeutic strategies to eradicate tumor cells in the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihe Zhao
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
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167
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Yahyanejad S, Theys J, Vooijs M. Targeting Notch to overcome radiation resistance. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7610-28. [PMID: 26713603 PMCID: PMC4884942 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy represents an important therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cancer cells. However, it often fails to eliminate all tumor cells because of the intrinsic or acquired treatment resistance, which is the most common cause of tumor recurrence. Emerging evidences suggest that the Notch signaling pathway is an important pathway mediating radiation resistance in tumor cells. Successful targeting of Notch signaling requires a thorough understanding of Notch regulation and the context-dependent interactions between Notch and other therapeutically relevant pathways. Understanding these interactions will increase our ability to design rational combination regimens that are more likely to be safe and effective. Here we summarize the role of Notch in mediating resistance to radiotherapy, the different strategies to block Notch in cancer cells and how treatment scheduling can improve tumor response. Finally, we discuss a need for reliable Notch related biomarkers in specific tumors to measure pathway activity and to allow identification of a subset of patients who are likely to benefit from Notch targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Yahyanejad
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO)/GROW, School for Developmental Biology and Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Theys
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO)/GROW, School for Developmental Biology and Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Vooijs
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO)/GROW, School for Developmental Biology and Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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168
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Held KD, Kawamura H, Kaminuma T, Paz AES, Yoshida Y, Liu Q, Willers H, Takahashi A. Effects of Charged Particles on Human Tumor Cells. Front Oncol 2016; 6:23. [PMID: 26904502 PMCID: PMC4751258 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of charged particle therapy in cancer treatment is growing rapidly, in large part because the exquisite dose localization of charged particles allows for higher radiation doses to be given to tumor tissue while normal tissues are exposed to lower doses and decreased volumes of normal tissues are irradiated. In addition, charged particles heavier than protons have substantial potential clinical advantages because of their additional biological effects, including greater cell killing effectiveness, decreased radiation resistance of hypoxic cells in tumors, and reduced cell cycle dependence of radiation response. These biological advantages depend on many factors, such as endpoint, cell or tissue type, dose, dose rate or fractionation, charged particle type and energy, and oxygen concentration. This review summarizes the unique biological advantages of charged particle therapy and highlights recent research and areas of particular research needs, such as quantification of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for various tumor types and radiation qualities, role of genetic background of tumor cells in determining response to charged particles, sensitivity of cancer stem-like cells to charged particles, role of charged particles in tumors with hypoxic fractions, and importance of fractionation, including use of hypofractionation, with charged particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn D Held
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Hidemasa Kawamura
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takuya Kaminuma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | | | - Yukari Yoshida
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center , Gunma , Japan
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Henning Willers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
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169
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Enhancement of tumor initiation and expression of KCNMA1, MORF4L2 and ASPM genes in the adenocarcinoma of lung xenograft after vorinostat treatment. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8663-75. [PMID: 25796627 PMCID: PMC4496174 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are usually tolerant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and associated with tumor relapse. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI), is currently being used in clinical trials of lung cancer. However, SAHA facilitates the formation of induced pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells. We hypothesized that SAHA would mediate the CSCs properties and subsequently confer a more malignant phenotype in lung cancer. Transfected H1299 lung cancer cells, which stably expresses a triple fused reporter gene (DsRedm-Fluc-tTKsr39) under the control of CMV promoter was used to establish a xenograft mouse model. After the treatment of SAHA, H1299 cell line and tumor xenografts were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) based on aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. We found that SAHA could suppress the growth of xenografted H1299 tumors with decreased proportion of ALDHbr lung cancer cells indicating that SAHA may target CSCs. However, SAHA significantly enhanced the tumor initiating capacity and the expression of malignant genes such as KCNMA1, MORF4L2 and ASPM in the remaining living ALDHbr cells. These findings suggested that SAHA treatment created a more drug-resistant state in residual ALDHbr cells. The in vivo imaging technique may facilitate searching and characterization of CSCs.
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170
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Achary MP, Miyamoto CT. Fundamentals of Radiation Treatment for Prostate Carcinoma – Techniques, Radiation Biology, and Evidence Base. Prostate Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800077-9.00042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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171
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Talukdar S, Emdad L, Das S, Sarkar D, Fisher P. Evolving Strategies for Therapeutically Targeting Cancer Stem Cells. Adv Cancer Res 2016; 131:159-91. [PMID: 27451127 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactor and multistep process that is affected intrinsically by the genetic and epigenetic makeup of tumor cells and extrinsically by the host microenvironment and immune system. A key component of cancer involves a unique subpopulation of highly malignant cancerous cells referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are positioned at the apex of the tumor hierarchy with an ability to both self-renew and also generate non-CSC/differentiated progeny, which contribute to the majority of the tumor mass. CSCs undergo functional changes and show plasticity that is stimulated by specific microenvironmental cues and interactions in the tumor niche, which contribute to the complexity and heterogeneity of the CSC population. The prognostic value of CSCs in the clinic is evident since there are many examples in which CSCs serve as markers for poor patient prognosis. CSCs are innately resistant to many standard therapies and they display anoikis resistance, immune evasion, tumor dormancy, and field cancerization, which may result in metastasis and relapse. Many academic laboratories and biotechnology companies are currently focusing on strategies that target CSCs. Combination therapies, epigenetic modifiers, stemness inhibitors, CSC surface marker-based therapies, and immunotherapy-based CSC-targeting drugs are currently undergoing clinical trials. Potential new targets/strategies in CSC-targeted therapy include MDA-9/Syntenin (SDCBP), Patched (PTCH), epigenetic targets, noncoding RNAs, and differentiation induction. Defining ways of targeting and destroying CSCs holds potential to impact significantly on cancer therapy, including prevention of metastasis and cancer recurrence.
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172
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Lai Y, Yu X, Lin X, He S. Inhibition of mTOR sensitizes breast cancer stem cells to radiation-induced repression of self-renewal through the regulation of MnSOD and Akt. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:369-77. [PMID: 26707081 PMCID: PMC4716789 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensitization of breast cancer stem cells (BrCSCs) to the inhibitive effects of radiotherapy through adjuvant therapy which targets oncogenic pathways represents a prospective strategy for improving the effect of radiation in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation is one of the most frequent events in human malignancies, and is critical for sustaining the self-renewing ability of cancer stem cells (CSCs); inhibition by rapamycin is an effective and promising strategy in anticancer treatments. In the present study, we found that mTOR activity was closely related to the self-renewal ability of BrCSCs, and in triple negative MDA-MB-453 and MDA-MB-468 cells, rapamycin repression of mTOR phosphorylation decreased the number of mammospheres and helped to sensitize the resistant CSCs to low-dose radiation therapy. By inhibiting mTOR and mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), we confirmed that rapamycin functioned through the mTOR/MnSOD/reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway, and the existence of Akt governed the rapamycin-induced asymmetric division (AD) of stem cells in cases of radiation-treated breast cancer. The synergic effects of rapamycin and low-dose radiation induced the AD of stem cells, which then resulted in a decrease in the number of mammospheres, and both were mediated by MnSOD. Governed by Akt, the consequent inhibition of ROS formation and oxidative stress preserved the AD mode of stem cells, which is critical for an improved radiotherapy response in clinical treatment, as the tumor group is thus easier to eliminate with radiation therapy. We posit that an in-depth understanding of the interaction of radiation with CSCs has enormous potential and will make radiation even better and more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Lai
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Xinpei Yu
- Department of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support Laboratory, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Lin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Shanyang He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
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173
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Murai T, Sato K, Iwabuchi M, Manabe Y, Ogino H, Iwata H, Tatewaki K, Yokota N, Ohta S, Shibamoto Y. Re-irradiation of recurrent anaplastic ependymoma using radiosurgery or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. Jpn J Radiol 2015; 34:211-8. [PMID: 26682738 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-015-0511-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recurrent ependymomas were retreated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). The efficacy, toxicities, and differences between SRS and FSRT were analyzed. METHODS Eight patients with recurrent ependymomas fulfilling the criteria described below were evaluated. Inclusion criteria were: (1) the patient had previously undergone surgery and conventional radiotherapy as first-line treatment; (2) targets were located in or adjacent to the eloquent area or were deep-seated; and (3) the previously irradiated volume overlapped the target lesion. RESULTS FSRT was delivered to 18 lesions, SRS to 20 lesions. A median follow-up period was 23 months. The local control rate was 76 % at 3 years. No significant differences in local control were observed due to tumor size or fractionation schedule. Lesions receiving >25 Gy/5 fr or 21 Gy/3 fr did not recur within 1 year, whereas no dose-response relationship was observed in those treated with SRS. No grade ≥2 toxicity was observed. CONCLUSION Our treatment protocol provided an acceptable LC rate and minimal toxicities. Because local recurrence of tumors may result in patient death, a minimum dose of 21 Gy/3 fr or 25 Gy/5 fr or higher may be most suitable for treatment of these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Murai
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan. .,Department of Radiology, Tsushima City Hospital, Tsushima, Japan.
| | - Kengo Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Yokohama CyberKnife Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michio Iwabuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Manabe
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nagoya Proton Therapy Center, Nagoya City West Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Iwata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nagoya Proton Therapy Center, Nagoya City West Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Yokota
- Radiation Oncology Center, Suzukake Central Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Seiji Ohta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nagoya Proton Therapy Center, Nagoya City West Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuta Shibamoto
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
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174
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[Cancer stem cells: Radiotherapeutic features and therapeutic targets]. Bull Cancer 2015; 103:48-54. [PMID: 26702506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidences suggest that many types of cancers contain a cell population presenting stem cell properties. While the great majority of tumor cells are destined to differentiate, and eventually stop dividing, only a minority population of cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), possesses extensive self-renewal capability and can recapitulate tumor pathophysiology in an immune-compromised animal model. Tumor initiating cells have been identified and isolated in many tumor types including brain, colon and prostate. They are virtually resistant to radiation and may contribute to treatment resistance and recurrence. Therefore, therapies specifically targeting CSCs will likely be needed for complete tumor eradication. The present study reviews published reports identifying the mechanisms of radioresistance of CSCs and potential targets based on the pathways of self-renewal. Further elucidation of pathways that regulate CSCs may provide insights into the development of novel innovative therapies.
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175
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Bell C, Dowson N, Fay M, Thomas P, Puttick S, Gal Y, Rose S. Hypoxia imaging in gliomas with 18F-fluoromisonidazole PET: toward clinical translation. Semin Nucl Med 2015; 45:136-50. [PMID: 25704386 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
There is significant interest in the development of improved image-guided therapy for neuro-oncology applications. Glioblastomas (GBM) in particular present a considerable challenge because of their pervasive nature, propensity for recurrence, and resistance to conventional therapies. MRI is routinely used as a guide for planning treatment strategies. However, this imaging modality is not able to provide images that clearly delineate tumor boundaries and affords only indirect information about key tumor pathophysiology. With the emergence of PET imaging with new oncology radiotracers, mapping of tumor infiltration and other important molecular events such as hypoxia is now feasible within the clinical setting. In particular, the importance of imaging hypoxia levels within the tumoral microenvironment is gathering interest, as hypoxia is known to play a central role in glioma pathogenesis and resistance to treatment. One of the hypoxia radiotracers known for its clinical utility is (18)F-fluoromisodazole ((18)F-FMISO). In this review, we highlight the typical causes of treatment failure in gliomas that may be linked to hypoxia and outline current methods for the detection of hypoxia. We also provide an overview of the growing body of studies focusing on the clinical translation of (18)F-FMISO PET imaging, strengthening the argument for the use of (18)F-FMISO hypoxia imaging to help optimize and guide treatment strategies for patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bell
- CSIRO Preventative Health Flagship, CSIRO Computational Informatics, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia; CSIRO Computational Informatics, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas Dowson
- CSIRO Preventative Health Flagship, CSIRO Computational Informatics, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia; CSIRO Computational Informatics, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mike Fay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Thomas
- Specialised PET Services Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon Puttick
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yaniv Gal
- Centre for Medical Diagnostic Technologies in Queensland, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen Rose
- CSIRO Preventative Health Flagship, CSIRO Computational Informatics, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia; CSIRO Computational Informatics, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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176
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Shi W, Yuan Y, Chu M, Zhao S, Song Q, Mu X, Xu S, Zhang Z, Yang K. Radiosensitization of TPGS-emulsified docetaxel-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles in CNE-1 and A549 cells. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:1127-41. [PMID: 26608458 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215604081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Docetaxel is among the most effective radiosensitizers. It is widely used as radiosensitizer in many tumors, including head and neck carcinoma. Nevertheless, poor solubility and severe hypersensitivity limit its clinical use and its therapeutic effect remains to be improved. In this study, docetaxel-loaded polymeric nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation method to be new radiosensitizer with lower side effects and higher efficacy. The physiochemical characteristics of the nanoparticles were studied. Two human tumor cell lines which are resistant to radiotherapy were used in this research. We have compared the radioenhancement efficacy of docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles with docetaxel in A549 and CNE-1 cells. Compared with docetaxel, radiosensitization of docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles was improved significantly (sensitization enhancement ratio in A549 increased 1.24-fold to 1.68-fold when the radiation was applied 2 h after the drug, p < 0.01, sensitization enhancement ratio in CNE-1 increased 1.32-fold to 1.61-fold, p < 0.05). We explored the mechanisms for the radiosensitization efficiency and the difference between docetaxel and docetaxel-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles. The improved radiosensitization efficacy was associated with enhanced G2/M arrest, promoted apoptosis and the role of D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate which will enhance the cell uptake and inhibit the multiple drug resistance. Moreover, the radiosensitization efficacy of docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles was more prominent than docetaxel. In conclusion, tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-emulsified docetaxel-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were more efficacious and fewer adverse effects were observed than with the commercial docetaxel formulation. Thus, PLGA nanoparticles hold promise as a radiosensitizing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, PR China Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangdong, China State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, China
| | - Yin Yuan
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Min Chu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qingle Song
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Mu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shuangbing Xu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Kunyu Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, PR China
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Chen Y, Zhang F, Tsai Y, Yang X, Yang L, Duan S, Wang X, Keng P, Lee SO. IL-6 signaling promotes DNA repair and prevents apoptosis in CD133+ stem-like cells of lung cancer after radiation. Radiat Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26572130 DOI: 10.1186/s13014a015-0534a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local tumor control by standard fractionated radiotherapy (RT) remains poor because of tumor resistance to radiation (radioresistance). It has been suggested that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are more radioresistant than non-CSCs. In previous studies, we have shown IL-6 promotes self-renewal of CD133+ CSC-like cells. In this study, we investigated whether IL-6 plays roles not only in promoting self-renewal of CD133+ cells after radiation, but also in conferring radioresistance of CD133+ cells in NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS To compare radiation sensitivity of CSCs and non-CSCs, CD133+ CSC-like and CD133- cell populations were isolated from two NSCLC cell lines, A549 and H157, by immunomagnetic separation and their sensitivities to ionizing radiation were investigated using the clonogenic survival assay. To further study the IL-6 effect on the radiosensitivity of CD133+ CSC-like cells, CD133+ cells were isolated from A549IL-6si/sc and H157IL-6si/sc cells whose intracellular IL-6 levels were manipulated via the lentiviral transduction with IL-6siRNA. Post-irradiation DNA damage was analyzed by γ-H2AX staining and Comet assay. Molecular mechanisms by which IL-6 regulates the molecules associated with DNA repair and anti-apoptosis after radiation were analyzed by Western blot and immunofluoresecence (IF) staining analyses. RESULTS NSCLC CD133+ CSC-like cells were enriched upon radiation. Survival of NSCLC CD133+ cells after radiation was higher than that of CD133- cells. Survival of IL-6 expressing NSC LC CD133+ cells (sc) was higher than that of IL-6 knocked-down cells (IL-6si) after radiation. IL-6 played a role in protecting NSCLC CD133+ cells from radiation-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS IL-6 signaling promotes DNA repair while protecting CD133+ CSC-like cells from apoptotic death after radiation for lung cancer. A combined therapy of radiation and agents that inhibit IL-6 signaling (or its downstream signaling) is suggested to reduce CSC-mediated radioresistance in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhchyau Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Ying Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Xiadong Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Shanzhou Duan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Peter Keng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Soo Ok Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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Chen Y, Zhang F, Tsai Y, Yang X, Yang L, Duan S, Wang X, Keng P, Lee SO. IL-6 signaling promotes DNA repair and prevents apoptosis in CD133+ stem-like cells of lung cancer after radiation. Radiat Oncol 2015; 10:227. [PMID: 26572130 PMCID: PMC4647293 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-015-0534-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Local tumor control by standard fractionated radiotherapy (RT) remains poor because of tumor resistance to radiation (radioresistance). It has been suggested that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are more radioresistant than non-CSCs. In previous studies, we have shown IL-6 promotes self-renewal of CD133+ CSC-like cells. In this study, we investigated whether IL-6 plays roles not only in promoting self-renewal of CD133+ cells after radiation, but also in conferring radioresistance of CD133+ cells in NSCLC. Materials and methods To compare radiation sensitivity of CSCs and non-CSCs, CD133+ CSC-like and CD133- cell populations were isolated from two NSCLC cell lines, A549 and H157, by immunomagnetic separation and their sensitivities to ionizing radiation were investigated using the clonogenic survival assay. To further study the IL-6 effect on the radiosensitivity of CD133+ CSC-like cells, CD133+ cells were isolated from A549IL-6si/sc and H157IL-6si/sc cells whose intracellular IL-6 levels were manipulated via the lentiviral transduction with IL-6siRNA. Post-irradiation DNA damage was analyzed by γ-H2AX staining and Comet assay. Molecular mechanisms by which IL-6 regulates the molecules associated with DNA repair and anti-apoptosis after radiation were analyzed by Western blot and immunofluoresecence (IF) staining analyses. Results NSCLC CD133+ CSC-like cells were enriched upon radiation. Survival of NSCLC CD133+ cells after radiation was higher than that of CD133- cells. Survival of IL-6 expressing NSC LC CD133+ cells (sc) was higher than that of IL-6 knocked-down cells (IL-6si) after radiation. IL-6 played a role in protecting NSCLC CD133+ cells from radiation-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. Conclusions IL-6 signaling promotes DNA repair while protecting CD133+ CSC-like cells from apoptotic death after radiation for lung cancer. A combined therapy of radiation and agents that inhibit IL-6 signaling (or its downstream signaling) is suggested to reduce CSC-mediated radioresistance in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhchyau Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Ying Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Xiadong Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Shanzhou Duan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Peter Keng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Soo Ok Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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Targeting the heat shock response in combination with radiotherapy: Sensitizing cancer cells to irradiation-induced cell death and heating up their immunogenicity. Cancer Lett 2015; 368:209-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Yuan S, Lu Y, Yang J, Chen G, Kim S, Feng L, Ogasawara M, Hammoudi N, Lu W, Zhang H, Liu J, Colman H, Lee JS, Li XN, Xu RH, Huang P, Wang F. Metabolic activation of mitochondria in glioma stem cells promotes cancer development through a reactive oxygen species-mediated mechanism. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:198. [PMID: 26472041 PMCID: PMC4606508 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the abilities to renew themselves and to give rise to all cell types (differentiation). It is assumed that induction of differentiation in CSCs would reduce their ability to form tumors. What triggers CSC differentiation and the role of “differentiation” in tumorigenesis remain elusive. Methods Glioma stem cell (GSC) lines and subcutaneous as well as orthotopic xenografts established from fresh surgical specimens of glioblastoma multiforme were used. Results Exposure of GSCs to serum activates mitochondrial respiration and causes an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as oxidative stress responses, leading to the appearance of differentiation morphology and a deceased expression of CSC markers. Chemical perturbation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain causes ROS increase and further downregulation of stem cell markers, while antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine reduces ROS and suppresses the differentiation of GSCs. Surprisingly, the serum-induced differentiated GSCs exhibit greater ability to form tumor in both orthotopic and subcutaneous xenograft models, which can be suppressed by N-acetyl-cysteine. Mitochondrial ROS from the serum-stimulated cells triggered the activation of nuclear factor-kappa-B (NFκB) pathway, which is a potential mechanism for the promotion of tumorigenesis. Conclusion This study suggests that ROS generated from active mitochondrial respiration in the presence of serum is critical in CSCs activation, which promotes tumor development in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0174-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiang Yuan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 E Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
| | - Yunxin Lu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 E Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 E Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Sangbae Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Marcia Ogasawara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Naima Hammoudi
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Weiqin Lu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Jinyun Liu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Howard Colman
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 E Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
| | - Peng Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 E Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China. .,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Feng Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 E Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
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181
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Yang ZX, Sun YH, He JG, Cao H, Jiang GQ. Increased activity of CHK enhances the radioresistance of MCF-7 breast cancer stem cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:3443-3449. [PMID: 26788148 PMCID: PMC4665200 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The resistance of breast cancer to radiotherapy remains a major obstacle to successful cancer management. Radiotherapy may result in DNA damage and activate breast cancer stem cells. DNA damage may lead to activation of the checkpoint kinase (CHK) signaling pathway, of which debromohymenialdisine (DBH) is a specific inhibitor. Radiotherapy also increases the expression of phosphorylated CHK1/2 (pCHK1/2) in the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. DBH is a relatively stable effective inhibitor that significantly reduces pCHK1/2 expression and MCF-7 proliferation. Low-dose radiotherapy combined with DBH resulted in a higher MCF-7 inhibition rate compared with high-dose radiation alone. This result indicates that the inhibition of the CHK1/2 signal pathway may significantly reduce DNA damage within radiated cells. Radiotherapy may also regulate the proportion of CD44+/CD24− MCF-7 cancer stem cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, the stem cell proportion of MCF-7 cells was significantly reduced by treatment with DBH. The inhibition is relatively stable and time dependent. Significant reductions were observed after 3 days of culture (P<0.01). The results of the present study indicate that the DBH-induced downregulation of CHK may provide a novel method of enhancing the effect of radiotherapy and reducing stem cell survival in the MCF-7 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xue Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Hui Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Gang He
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Hua Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Qin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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Huber SM, Butz L, Stegen B, Klumpp L, Klumpp D, Eckert F. Role of ion channels in ionizing radiation-induced cell death. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2657-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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183
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Kavanagh JN, Waring EJ, Prise KM. Radiation responses of stem cells: targeted and non-targeted effects. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2015; 166:110-117. [PMID: 25877536 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are fundamental to the development of any tissue or organism via their ability to self-renew, which is aided by their unlimited proliferative capacity and their ability to produce fully differentiated offspring, often from multiple lineages. Stems cells are long lived and have the potential to accumulate mutations, including in response to radiation exposure. It is thought that stem cells have the potential to be induced into a cancer stem cell phenotype and that these may play an important role in resistance to radiotherapy. For radiation-induced carcinogenesis, the role of targeted and non-targeted effects is unclear with tissue or origin being important. Studies of genomic instability and bystander responses have shown consistent effects in haematopoietic models. Several models of radiation have predicted that stem cells play an important role in tumour initiation and that bystander responses could play a role in proliferation and self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Kavanagh
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - E J Waring
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - K M Prise
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
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Maeda A, Kulbatski I, DaCosta RS. Emerging Applications for Optically Enabled Intravital Microscopic Imaging in Radiobiology. Mol Imaging 2015. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2015.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Maeda
- From the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, MaRS Centre; Techna Institute for Advancement of Technologies for Health; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - Iris Kulbatski
- From the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, MaRS Centre; Techna Institute for Advancement of Technologies for Health; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - Ralph S. DaCosta
- From the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, MaRS Centre; Techna Institute for Advancement of Technologies for Health; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON
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Bae JH, Park SH, Yang JH, Yang K, Yi JM. Stem cell-like gene expression signature identified in ionizing radiation-treated cancer cells. Gene 2015; 572:285-91. [PMID: 26255092 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that embryonic stem (ES) cell-associated gene expression signatures have been identified in poorly differentiated tumors, revealing a link between ES cell identity and cancer cells. Cancer cells originate from cancer stem cells (CSCs). Both types of cells share common properties such as self-renewal and heterogeneity. CSCs are also resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Here, we show similar gene expression patterns between ES cells and ionizing radiation (IR)-treated cancer cells. Using genome-wide transcriptome analysis, we compared the gene expression profiles among ES cells, cancer cells, and irradiated cancer cells, and identified a subset of similar gene expression patterns between ES cells and irradiated cancer cells, indicated by hierarchical clustering. These gene expression patterns were then confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses. Using bioinformatic analyses, these candidate genes are also associated with various biological pathways related to stemness in cancer. Taken together, our data suggest that identification of common molecular characteristics between ES cells and irradiated cancer cells is important to understand the properties of cancer stem cells and their resistance to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Han Bae
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, South Korea
| | - So-Hyun Park
- Department of Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Ju Hwan Yang
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, South Korea
| | - Kwangmo Yang
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, South Korea.
| | - Joo Mi Yi
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, South Korea.
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Yu L, Yang Y, Hou J, Zhai C, Song Y, Zhang Z, Qiu L, Jia X. MicroRNA-144 affects radiotherapy sensitivity by promoting proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1845-52. [PMID: 26252024 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy resistance remains a major obstacle for patients with breast cancer. miRNAs are important regulators in many biological processes including proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis and response to treatment in different types of tumors. Here, we describe the role of miRNA-144 in the regulation of radiotherapy sensitivity, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. The cell survival rate of breast cancer cells was measured by WST-1 assay after irradiation. The caspase-3/-7 activity and apoptotic proteins were analyzed by Caspase-Glo3/7 assay and western blot analysis, respectively. The migration and invasion of breast cancer cells were evaluated by BD Transwell migration and Matrigel invasion assays. The EMT markers were detected by western blot analysis. We found that overexpression of miR-144 increased the proliferation rate of MDA-MB-231 cells without radiation. Both MDA-MB‑231 and SKBR3 cells exhibited significantly increased radiation resistance after overexpression of miR-144. Meanwhile, the migration and invasion of both MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3 cells were changed by altered miR-144 expression. In addition, the overexpression of miR-144 inhibited E-cadherin expression and promoted Snail expression. miR-144 activated AKT by downregulation of PTEN in breast cancer cells. Our results strongly suggest that miR-144 acts as an important regulator of tumorigenesis and tumor progression of breast cancer. These results indicate that miR-144 might serve as a potential molecular target for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department of Tumor Radiation Therapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Yang
- Department of Tumor Radiation Therapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Jiguang Hou
- Department of Tumor Radiation Therapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Chengwei Zhai
- Department of Tumor Radiation Therapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Yunhao Song
- Department of Tumor Radiation Therapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Zhiliang Zhang
- Department of Tumor Radiation Therapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Department of Tumor Radiation Therapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Jia
- Department of Tumor Radiation Therapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
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Song KH, Kim MH, Kang SM, Jung SY, Ahn J, Woo HJ, Nam SY, Hwang SG, Ryu SY, Song JY. Analysis of immune cell populations and cytokine profiles in murine splenocytes exposed to whole-body low-dose irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:795-803. [PMID: 26136089 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1068461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In contrast to high-dose therapeutic irradiation, definitive research detailing the physiological effects of low-dose irradiation is limited. Notably, the immunological response elicited after low-dose irradiation remains controversial. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were whole- body-irradiated with a single or three daily fractions up to a total dose of 0.1, 1, or 10 cGy. Blood and spleen were harvested 2, 7 and 14 days after irradiation. RESULTS The splenic CD4(+) T cell subpopulations were temporarily increased at 2 days after single or fractionated irradiation, whereas the percentage of dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages was decreased. Whereas CD8(+) T cell populations were decreased in single-dose irradiated mice at day 7, early and sustained reduction of CD8(+) T cell numbers was observed in fractionated- dose-irradiated mice from day 2 until day 14. In addition, single-dose irradiation resulted in a Th1 cytokine expression profile, whereas fractionated-dose irradiation drove a Th2 shift. Additionally, increased expression of immune-related factors was observed at early time-points with single-dose irradiation, in contrast to the dose-independent induction following fractionated-dose irradiation. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that low-dose irradiation modulates the immune response in mice, where the sensitivity and kinetics of the induced response vary according to the dosing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hee Song
- a Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hyoung Kim
- a Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Laboratory of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Mook Kang
- a Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Youn Jung
- a Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ahn
- a Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jong Woo
- b Laboratory of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Young Nam
- c Radiation Effect Research Team, Radiation Health Research Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gu Hwang
- a Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Young Ryu
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jie-Young Song
- a Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Eyvazzadeh N, Neshasteh-Riz A, Mahdavi SR, Mohsenifar A. Genotoxic Damage to Glioblastoma Cells Treated with 6 MV X-Radiation in The Presence or Absence of Methoxy Estradiol, IUDR or Topotecan. CELL JOURNAL 2015. [PMID: 26199910 PMCID: PMC4503845 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the cumulative genotoxic damage to glioblastoma (GBM) cells,
grown as multicellular spheroids, following exposure to 6 MV X-rays (2 Gy, 22 Gy) with or
without, 2- methoxy estradiol (2ME2), iododeoxyuridine (IUDR) or topotecan (TPT), using
the Picogreen assay.
Materials and Methods The U87MG cells cultured as spheroids were treated with 6
MV X-ray using linear accelerator. Specimens were divided into five groups and irradiated using X-ray giving the dose of 2 Gy after sequentially incubated with one of
the following three drug combinations: TPT, 2-ME2/TPT, IUDR/TPT or 2ME2/IUDR/
TPT. One specimen was used as the irradiated only sample (R). The last group was
also irradiated with total dose of 22 Gy (each time 2 Gy) of 6 MV X-ray in 11 fractions
and treated for three times. DNA damage was evaluated using the Picogreen method
in the experimental study.
Results R/TPT treated group had more DNA damage [double strand break (DSB)/single strand break (SSB)] compared with the untreated group (P<0.05). Moreover the R/
TPT group treated with 2ME2 followed by IUDR had maximum DNA damage in spheroid
GBM indicating an augmented genotoxicity in the cells. The DNA damage was induced
after seven fractionated irradiation and two sequential treatments with 2ME2/IUDR/TPT.
To ensure accuracy of the slope of dose response curve the fractionated radiation was
calculated as 7.36 Gy with respect to α/β ratio based on biologically effective dose (BED)
formulae.
Conclusion Cells treated with 2ME2/IUDR showed more sensitivity to radiation and
accumulative DNA damage. DNA damage was significantly increased when GBM
cells treated with TPT ceased at S phase due to the inhibition of topoisomerase
enzyme and phosphorylation of Chk1 enzyme. These results suggest that R/TPT-
treated cells increase sensitivity to 2ME2 and IUDR especially when they are used
together. Therefore, due to an increase in the level of DNA damage (SSB vs. DSB)
and impairment of DNA repair machinery, more cell death will occur. This in turn may
improve the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Eyvazzadeh
- Radiation Research Center, Faculty of Paramedicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Neshasteh-Riz
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Rabee Mahdavi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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189
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Badri H, Pitter K, Holland EC, Michor F, Leder K. Optimization of radiation dosing schedules for proneural glioblastoma. J Math Biol 2015; 72:1301-36. [PMID: 26094055 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-015-0908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most aggressive primary brain tumor. Despite treatment with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, these tumors remain uncurable and few significant increases in survival have been observed over the last half-century. We recently employed a combined theoretical and experimental approach to predict the effectiveness of radiation administration schedules, identifying two schedules that led to superior survival in a mouse model of the disease (Leder et al., Cell 156(3):603-616, 2014). Here we extended this approach to consider fractionated schedules to best minimize toxicity arising in early- and late-responding tissues. To this end, we decomposed the problem into two separate solvable optimization tasks: (i) optimization of the amount of radiation per dose, and (ii) optimization of the amount of time that passes between radiation doses. To ensure clinical applicability, we then considered the impact of clinical operating hours by incorporating time constraints consistent with operational schedules of the radiology clinic. We found that there was no significant loss incurred by restricting dosage to an 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. window. Our flexible approach is also applicable to other tumor types treated with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Badri
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - K Pitter
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - E C Holland
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - F Michor
- Department of Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - K Leder
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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190
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Salari E, Unkelbach J, Bortfeld T. A mathematical programming approach to the fractionation problem in chemoradiotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19488300.2015.1017673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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191
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Abstract
In today's era of personalized medicine, the use of radiation therapy for breast cancer is still tailored to the type of surgery and the stage of the cancer. The future of breast radiation oncology would hopefully entail selecting patients for whom there is a clear benefit for the use of radiation therapy. To get to this point we need reliable predictors of radiation response. Cancer stem cells have been correlated to radiation resistance and outcome for patients with breast cancer, and there is considerable interest in whether cancer stem cell markers or biologic surrogates may be predictive of response to radiation therapy. We review the data or in some cases lack of data regarding stem cell correlates as predictors of radiation resistance as well as the correlation of known predictors with stem cell biology. More research is certainly needed to investigate potential predictors of radiation response, stem cell or otherwise, to move us toward the goal of personalized radiation therapy.
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192
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Niche signaling promotes stem cell survival in the Drosophila testis via the JAK-STAT target DIAP1. Dev Biol 2015; 404:27-39. [PMID: 25941003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-specific stem cells are thought to resist environmental insults better than their differentiating progeny, but this resistance varies from one tissue to another, and the underlying mechanisms are not well-understood. Here, we use the Drosophila testis as a model system to study the regulation of cell death within an intact niche. This niche contains sperm-producing germline stem cells (GSCs) and accompanying somatic cyst stem cells (or CySCs). Although many signals are known to promote stem cell self-renewal in this tissue, including the highly conserved JAK-STAT pathway, the response of these stem cells to potential death-inducing signals, and factors promoting stem cell survival, have not been characterized. Here we find that both GSCs and CySCs resist cell death better than their differentiating progeny, under normal laboratory conditions and in response to potential death-inducing stimuli such as irradiation or starvation. To ask what might be promoting stem cell survival, we characterized the role of the anti-apoptotic gene Drosophila inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (diap1) in testis stem cells. DIAP1 protein is enriched in the GSCs and CySCs and is a JAK-STAT target. diap1 is necessary for survival of both GSCs and CySCs, and ectopic up-regulation of DIAP1 in somatic cyst cells is sufficient to non-autonomously rescue stress-induced cell death in adjacent differentiating germ cells (spermatogonia). Altogether, our results show that niche signals can promote stem cell survival by up-regulation of highly conserved anti-apoptotic proteins, and suggest that this strategy may underlie the ability of stem cells to resist death more generally.
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193
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Huynh TT, Lin CM, Lee WH, Wu AT, Lin YK, Lin YF, Yeh CT, Wang LS. Pterostilbene suppressed irradiation-resistant glioma stem cells by modulating GRP78/miR-205 axis. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:466-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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194
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Yu VY, Nguyen D, Pajonk F, Kupelian P, Kaprealian T, Selch M, Low DA, Sheng K. Incorporating cancer stem cells in radiation therapy treatment response modeling and the implication in glioblastoma multiforme treatment resistance. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 91:866-75. [PMID: 25752402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To perform a preliminary exploration with a simplistic mathematical cancer stem cell (CSC) interaction model to determine whether the tumor-intrinsic heterogeneity and dynamic equilibrium between CSCs and differentiated cancer cells (DCCs) can better explain radiation therapy treatment response with a dual-compartment linear-quadratic (DLQ) model. METHODS AND MATERIALS The radiosensitivity parameters of CSCs and DCCs for cancer cell lines including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, osteosarcoma, and prostate, cervical, and breast cancer were determined by performing robust least-square fitting using the DLQ model on published clonogenic survival data. Fitting performance was compared with the single-compartment LQ (SLQ) and universal survival curve models. The fitting results were then used in an ordinary differential equation describing the kinetics of DCCs and CSCs in response to 2- to 14.3-Gy fractionated treatments. The total dose to achieve tumor control and the fraction size that achieved the least normal biological equivalent dose were calculated. RESULTS Smaller cell survival fitting errors were observed using DLQ, with the exception of melanoma, which had a low α/β = 0.16 in SLQ. Ordinary differential equation simulation indicated lower normal tissue biological equivalent dose to achieve the same tumor control with a hypofractionated approach for 4 cell lines for the DLQ model, in contrast to SLQ, which favored 2 Gy per fraction for all cells except melanoma. The DLQ model indicated greater tumor radioresistance than SLQ, but the radioresistance was overcome by hypofractionation, other than the GBM cells, which responded poorly to all fractionations. CONCLUSION The distinct radiosensitivity and dynamics between CSCs and DCCs in radiation therapy response could perhaps be one possible explanation for the heterogeneous intertumor response to hypofractionation and in some cases superior outcome from stereotactic ablative radiation therapy. The DLQ model also predicted the remarkable GBM radioresistance, a result that is highly consistent with clinical observations. The radioresistance putatively stemmed from accelerated DCC regrowth that rapidly restored compartmental equilibrium between CSCs and DCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Y Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dan Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Frank Pajonk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Patrick Kupelian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tania Kaprealian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael Selch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel A Low
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ke Sheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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195
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Tumor Induction in Mice After Localized Single- or Fractionated-Dose Irradiation: Differences in Tumor Histotype and Genetic Susceptibility Based on Dose Scheduling. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 92:829-36. [PMID: 25956832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate differences in tumor histotype, incidence, latency, and strain susceptibility in mice exposed to single-dose or clinically relevant, fractioned-dose γ-ray radiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS C3Hf/Kam and C57BL/6J mice were locally irradiated to the right hindlimb with either single large doses between 10 and 70 Gy or fractionated doses totaling 40 to 80 Gy delivered at 2-Gy/d fractions, 5 d/wk, for 4 to 8 weeks. The mice were closely evaluated for tumor development in the irradiated field for 800 days after irradiation, and all tumors were characterized histologically. RESULTS A total of 210 tumors were induced within the radiation field in 788 mice. An overall decrease in tumor incidence was observed after fractionated irradiation (16.4%) in comparison with single-dose irradiation (36.1%). Sarcomas were the predominant postirradiation tumor observed (n=201), with carcinomas occurring less frequently (n=9). The proportion of mice developing tumors increased significantly with total dose for both single-dose and fractionated schedules, and latencies were significantly decreased in mice exposed to larger total doses. C3Hf/Kam mice were more susceptible to tumor induction than C57BL/6J mice after single-dose irradiation; however, significant differences in tumor susceptibilities after fractionated radiation were not observed. For both strains of mice, osteosarcomas and hemangiosarcomas were significantly more common after fractionated irradiation, whereas fibrosarcomas and malignant fibrous histiocytomas were significantly more common after single-dose irradiation. CONCLUSIONS This study investigated the tumorigenic effect of acute large doses in comparison with fractionated radiation in which both the dose and delivery schedule were similar to those used in clinical radiation therapy. Differences in tumor histotype after single-dose or fractionated radiation exposures provide novel in vivo evidence for differences in tumor susceptibility among stromal cell populations.
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196
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Korpela E, Vesprini D, Liu SK. MicroRNA in radiotherapy: miRage or miRador? Br J Cancer 2015; 112:777-82. [PMID: 25611301 PMCID: PMC4453960 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
At least half of all cancer patients will receive radiation therapy. Tumour radioresistance, or the failure to control certain tumours with this treatment, can result in locoregional recurrence; thus there is great interest in understanding the underlying biology and developing strategies to overcome this problem. The expanding investigation of microRNA in cancer suggests that these regulatory factors can influence the DNA damage response, the microenvironment and survival pathways, among other processes, and thereby may affect tumour radioresistance. As microRNA are readily detectable in tumours and biofluids, they hold promise as predictive biomarkers for therapy response and prognosis. This review highlights the current insights on the major ways that microRNA may contribute to tumour radiation response and whether their levels reflect treatment success. We conclude by applying the potential framework of future roles of miR in personalised radiotherapy using prostate cancer clinical management as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Korpela
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - D Vesprini
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1P5
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5
| | - S K Liu
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1P5
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5
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197
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Regulation of miRNAs affects radiobiological response of lung cancer stem cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:851841. [PMID: 25815339 PMCID: PMC4359805 DOI: 10.1155/2015/851841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a key therapeutic strategy for lung cancer, the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, but radioresistance often occurs and leads to failure of RT. It is therefore important to clarify the mechanism underlying radioresistance in lung cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered the fundamental reason for radioresistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been regarded as important regulatory molecules of CSCs, carcinogenesis, and treatment response of cancers. It is crucial to clarify how regulation of miRNAs affects repair of DNA damage, redistribution, repopulation, reoxygenation, and radiosensitivity (5R) of lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs). A thorough understanding of the regulation of miRNAs affecting 5R of LCSCs has potential impact on identifying novel targets and thus may improve the efficacy of lung cancer radiotherapy.
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198
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Cui J, Li P, Liu X, Hu H, Wei W. Abnormal expression of the Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in stem-like ALDH hiCD44 + cells correlates highly with Ki-67 expression in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:1600-1606. [PMID: 25789008 PMCID: PMC4356390 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.2942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that breast cancer stem cells may be closely associated with tumor metastasis, recurrence, and even the failure of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether important cell signaling pathways associated with drug resistance are activated in stem-like acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)hi cluster of differentiation (CD)44+ cells, and to analyze the association between ALDHhiCD44+ cells and specific pathological features. ALDHhiCD44+ cells and non-stem-like ALDHlowCD44+ cells were separated from MDA-MB-231 cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and the mRNA expression levels of Notch1 and β-catenin were estimated by performing quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the stem-like and non-stem-like cells. Line correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between an immunohistochemical panel of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and Ki-67, and ALDHhiCD44+ cells from patients with invasive breast carcinoma. The mRNA levels of Notch1 and β-catenin were significantly higher in the ALDHhiCD44+ cells compared with those in the ALDHlowCD44+ cells (P<0.05); furthermore, the present study determined a high correlation (P<0.05) between the ALDHhiCD44+ cells and Ki-67 expression (P=0.007), but no correlation (P≥0.05) with ER (P=0.065), PR (P=0.107) and HER2 (P=0.050). Overall, these data clearly indicate that ALDHhiCD44+ cells may serve as novel diagnostic and prognostic factors in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Cui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
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199
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Xiong A, Yu W, Liu Y, Sanders BG, Kline K. Elimination of ALDH+ breast tumor initiating cells by docosahexanoic acid and/or gamma tocotrienol through SHP-1 inhibition of Stat3 signaling. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:420-30. [PMID: 25648304 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Study investigated the ability of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) alone and in combination with gamma-tocotrienol (γT3) to eliminate aldehyde dehydrogenase positive (ALDH+) cells and to inhibit mammosphere formation, biomarker and functional assay for tumor initiating cells (TICs), respectively, in human triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs), and investigated possible mechanisms of action. DHA upregulated Src homology region 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) protein levels and suppressed levels of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (pStat3) and its downstream mediators c-Myc, and cyclin D1. siRNA to SHP-1 enhanced the percentage of ALDH+ cells and Stat-3 signaling, as well as inhibited, in part, the ability of DHA to reduce the percentage of ALDH+ cells and Stat-3 signaling. γT3 alone and in combination with DHA reduced ALDH+ TNBCs, up-regulated SHP-1 protein levels, and suppressed Stat-3 signaling. Taken together, data demonstrate the anti-TIC potential of achievable concentrations of DHA alone as well as in combination with γT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailian Xiong
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Weiping Yu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Yaobin Liu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Bob G Sanders
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Kimberly Kline
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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200
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Suh Y, Lee SJ. Radiation treatment and cancer stem cells. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:408-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0563-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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