151
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Gu Y, Wu X, Zhang J, Fang Y, Pan Y, Shu Y, Ma P. The evolving landscape of N 6-methyladenosine modification in the tumor microenvironment. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1703-1715. [PMID: 33839323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME), controlled by intrinsic mechanisms of carcinogenesis and epigenetic modifications, has, in recent years, become a heavily researched topic. The TME can be described in terms of hypoxia, metabolic dysregulation, immune escape, and chronic inflammation. RNA methylation, an epigenetic modification, has recently been found to have a pivotal role in shaping the TME. The N6-methylation of adenosine (m6A) modification is the most common type of RNA methylation that occurs in the N6-position of adenosine, which is the primary internal modification of eukaryotic mRNA. Compelling evidence has demonstrated that m6A regulates transcriptional and protein expression through splicing, translation, degradation, and export, thereby mediating the biological processes of cancer cells and/or stromal cells and characterizing the TME. The TME also has a crucial role in the complicated regulatory network of m6A modifications and, subsequently, influences tumor initiation, progression, and therapy responses. In this review, we describe the features of the TME and how the m6A modification modulates and interacts with it. We also focus on various factors and pathways involved in m6A methylation. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies and prognostic biomarkers with respect to the TME and m6A modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunru Gu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Clinic School of Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian Pan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pei Ma
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China.
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152
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Lai H, Zhong L, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Qian Z. Progress in Application of Nanotechnology in Sorafenib. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:529-557. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the tyrosine kinase signaling pathway is closely related to tumor development, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are important targets for potential anticancer strategies. In particular, sorafenib, as a representative drug of multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors, has
an important clinical status and is widely used for treating various solid tumors and diabetic complications. However, poor aqueous solubility of sorafenib, poor bioavailability of commonly used oral dose forms, poor accumulation at tumor sites, and severe off-target effects that tend to induce
intolerable systemic side effects in patients have greatly reduced its therapeutic efficiency and limited its extensive clinical application. To improve the properties of sorafenib, increase the efficiency of clinical treatment, and overcome the increasingly prominent phenomenon of sorafenib
resistance, multiple investigations have been conducted. Numerous studies have reported that the properties of nanomaterials, such as small particle size, large specific surface area, high surface activity and high adsorption capacity, make nanotechnology promising for the construction of
ideal sorafenib nanodelivery systems to achieve timed and targeted delivery of sorafenib to tumors, prolong the blood circulation time of the drug, improve the utilization efficiency of the drug and reduce systemic toxic side effects. This review summarizes the progress of research applications
in nanotechnology related to sorafenib, discusses the current problems, and expresses expectations for the prospect of clinical applications of sorafenib with improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Lai
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting
Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Liping Zhong
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting
Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yong Huang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting
Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting
Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting
Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
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153
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Kwiecień I, Rutkowska E, Polubiec-Kownacka M, Raniszewska A, Rzepecki P, Domagała-Kulawik J. Identification of PD-1 ligands: PD-L1 and PD-L2 on macrophages in lung cancer milieu by flow cytometry. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:1679-1689. [PMID: 34012784 PMCID: PMC8107752 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains unexpected and in some patients the resistance to anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1) and anti-programmed death ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) agents is observed. One of possible explanation may be PD-L2 activity. PD-1 ligands: PD-L1 and PD-L2 are present on cancer cells but also, not without significance, on alveolar macrophages (AMs) contributing to immune-suppression in the tumor microenvironment. The aim of this study was to analyse PD-L2, PD-L1 expression on AMs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in relation to PD-1 positive T lymphocytes. Methods Seventeen patients with lung cancer were investigated. BALF cells from the lung with cancer (clBALF) and from the opposite “healthy” lung (hlBALF) and peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes were investigated. Flow cytometry method was used. Results We found that 100% of CD68+ AMs from the clBALF were PD-L1 and PD-L2-positive. Unexpectedly, fluorescence minus one (FMO) PD-L1 and PD-L2 stained controls and isotype controls also showed strong autofluorescence. The hlBALF AMs exhibited a similar PD-L1 and PD-L2 autofluorescence. The median proportion of PD-1+ T lymphocytes was higher in the clBALF than the hlBALF and PB (28.9 vs. 23.4% vs. 15.6%, P=0.0281). Conclusions We discussed the opportunities of exploring the PD-1-PD-L1/PD-L2 pathway in the lung cancer environment, which may help to find new potential biomarkers for immunotherapy. We concluded that precise identification by flow cytometry of macrophages in the BALF is possible, but our study showed that the autofluorescence of macrophages did not allow to assess a real expression of PD-L2 as well as PD-L1 on AMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Kwiecień
- Military Institute of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Laboratory of Hematology and Flow Cytometry, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Rutkowska
- Military Institute of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Laboratory of Hematology and Flow Cytometry, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Agata Raniszewska
- Military Institute of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Laboratory of Hematology and Flow Cytometry, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rzepecki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Domagała-Kulawik
- Medical University of Warsaw Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Warsaw, Poland
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154
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Xiong J, Wang H, Wang Q. Suppressive Myeloid Cells Shape the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e1900311. [PMID: 33729699 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the outcome of the conflict between the host immune system and cancer cells. The crosstalk between immune cells and tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) influences tumor progression and metastasis. Many studies have clarified the cellular and molecular events that can induce cancer cells to escape immune surveillance, including those involving tumor-induced myeloid cell-mediated immunosuppression. Emerging evidence indicates that tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMs) accelerate tumor growth and induce angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance once converted into potent immunosuppressive cells. Here, how tumor infiltrating myeloid cells participate in tumor immune evasion and the prospects of these cells in cancer immunotherapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xiong
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,The Key Laboratory for Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hui Wang
- China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,The Key Laboratory for Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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155
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A dual immune signature of CD8+ T cells and MMP9 improves the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228011. [PMID: 33656546 PMCID: PMC7969702 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-year survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is difficult due to the high recurrence rate and metastasis. Tumor infiltrating immune cells (TICs) and immune-related genes (IRGs) bring hope to improve survival and treatment of HCC patients. However, there are problems in predicting immune signatures and identifying novel therapeutic targets. In the study, the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to evaluate 22 immune cell infiltration patterns in gene expression omnibus (GEO) and the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) data. Eight immune cells were found to have significant infiltration differences between the tumor and normal groups. The CD8+ T cells immune signature was constructed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm. The high infiltration level of CD8+ T cells could significantly improve survival of patients. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) algorithm identified MMP9 was closely related to the overall survival of HCC patients. K-M survival and tROC analysis confirmed that MMP9 had an excellent prognostic prediction. Cox regression showed that a dual immune signature of CD8+ T cells and MMP9 was independent survival factor in HCC. Therefore, a dual prognostic immune signature could improve the survival of patient and may provide a new strategy for the immunotherapy of HCC.
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156
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Li H, Zhou L, Zhou J, Li Q, Ji Q. Underlying mechanisms and drug intervention strategies for the tumour microenvironment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:97. [PMID: 33722297 PMCID: PMC7962349 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer occurs in a complex tissue environment, and its progression depends largely on the tumour microenvironment (TME). The TME has a highly complex and comprehensive system accompanied by dynamic changes and special biological characteristics, such as hypoxia, nutrient deficiency, inflammation, immunosuppression and cytokine production. In addition, a large number of cancer-associated biomolecules and signalling pathways are involved in the above bioprocesses. This paper reviews our understanding of the TME and describes its biological and molecular characterization in different stages of cancer development. Furthermore, we discuss in detail the intervention strategies for the critical points of the TME, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, natural products from traditional Chinese medicine, combined drug therapy, etc., providing a scientific basis for cancer therapy from the perspective of key molecular targets in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoze Li
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lihong Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Qing Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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157
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Modulating the Heat Stress Response to Improve Hyperthermia-Based Anticancer Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061243. [PMID: 33808973 PMCID: PMC8001574 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hyperthermia is a method to expose a tumor to elevated temperatures. Heating of the tumor promotes the effects of various treatment regimens that are based on chemo and radiotherapy. Several aspects, however, limit the efficacy of hyperthermia-based treatments. This review provides an overview of the effects and limitations of hyperthermia and discusses how current drawbacks of the therapy can potentially be counteracted by inhibiting the heat stress response—a mechanism that cells activate to defend themselves against hyperthermia. Abstract Cancer treatments based on mild hyperthermia (39–43 °C, HT) are applied to a widening range of cancer types, but several factors limit their efficacy and slow down more widespread adoption. These factors include difficulties in adequate heat delivery, a short therapeutic window and the acquisition of thermotolerance by cancer cells. Here, we explore the biological effects of HT, the cellular responses to these effects and their clinically-relevant consequences. We then identify the heat stress response—the cellular defense mechanism that detects and counteracts the effects of heat—as one of the major forces limiting the efficacy of HT-based therapies and propose targeting this mechanism as a potentially universal strategy for improving their efficacy.
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158
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Jindal A, Sarkar S, Alam A. Nanomaterials-Mediated Immunomodulation for Cancer Therapeutics. Front Chem 2021; 9:629635. [PMID: 33708759 PMCID: PMC7940769 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.629635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy holds great promise in overcoming the limitations of conventional regimens for cancer therapeutics. There is growing interest among researchers and clinicians to develop novel immune-strategies for cancer diagnosis and treatment with better specificity and lesser adversity. Immunomodulation-based cancer therapies are rapidly emerging as an alternative approach that employs the host's own defense mechanisms to recognize and selectively eliminate cancerous cells. Recent advances in nanotechnology have pioneered a revolution in the field of cancer therapy. Several nanomaterials (NMs) have been utilized to surmount the challenges of conventional anti-cancer treatments like cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. NMs offer a plethora of exceptional features such as a large surface area to volume ratio, effective loading, and controlled release of active drugs, tunable dimensions, and high stability. Moreover, they also possess the inherent property of interacting with living cells and altering the immune responses. However, the interaction between NMs and the immune system can give rise to unanticipated adverse reactions such as inflammation, necrosis, and hypersensitivity. Therefore, to ensure a successful and safe clinical application of immunomodulatory nanomaterials, it is imperative to acquire in-depth knowledge and a clear understanding of the complex nature of the interactions between NMs and the immune system. This review is aimed at providing an overview of the recent developments, achievements, and challenges in the application of immunomodulatory nanomaterials (iNMs) for cancer therapeutics with a focus on elucidating the mechanisms involved in the interplay between NMs and the host's immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajita Jindal
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sounik Sarkar
- Flowcytometry Facility, Modern Biology Department, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Clare Hall, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Charles River Laboratories, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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159
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Póvoa V, Rebelo de Almeida C, Maia-Gil M, Sobral D, Domingues M, Martinez-Lopez M, de Almeida Fuzeta M, Silva C, Grosso AR, Fior R. Innate immune evasion revealed in a colorectal zebrafish xenograft model. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1156. [PMID: 33608544 PMCID: PMC7895829 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunoediting is a dynamic process of crosstalk between tumor cells and the immune system. Herein, we explore the fast zebrafish xenograft model to investigate the innate immune contribution to this process. Using multiple breast and colorectal cancer cell lines and zAvatars, we find that some are cleared (regressors) while others engraft (progressors) in zebrafish xenografts. We focus on two human colorectal cancer cells derived from the same patient that show contrasting engraftment/clearance profiles. Using polyclonal xenografts to mimic intra-tumor heterogeneity, we demonstrate that SW620_progressors can block clearance of SW480_regressors. SW480_regressors recruit macrophages and neutrophils more efficiently than SW620_progressors; SW620_progressors however, modulate macrophages towards a pro-tumoral phenotype. Genetic and chemical suppression of myeloid cells indicates that macrophages and neutrophils play a crucial role in clearance. Single-cell-transcriptome analysis shows a fast subclonal selection, with clearance of regressor subclones associated with IFN/Notch signaling and escaper-expanded subclones with enrichment of IL10 pathway. Overall, our work opens the possibility of using zebrafish xenografts as living biomarkers of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanda Póvoa
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cátia Rebelo de Almeida
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Maia-Gil
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel Sobral
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Micaela Domingues
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mayra Martinez-Lopez
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel de Almeida Fuzeta
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Silva
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Grosso
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rita Fior
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.
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160
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Shen L, Zhou Y, He H, Chen W, Lenahan C, Li X, Deng Y, Shao A, Huang J. Crosstalk between Macrophages, T Cells, and Iron Metabolism in Tumor Microenvironment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8865791. [PMID: 33628389 PMCID: PMC7889336 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8865791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leukocytes, including macrophages and T cells, represent key players in the human immune system, which plays a considerable role in the development and progression of tumors by immune surveillance or immune escape. Boosting the recruitment of leukocytes into the tumor microenvironment and promoting their antitumor responses have been hot areas of research in recent years. Although immunotherapy has manifested a certain level of success in some malignancies, the overall effectiveness is far from satisfactory. Iron is an essential trace element required in multiple, normal cellular processes, such as DNA synthesis and repair, cellular respiration, metabolism, and signaling, while dysregulated iron metabolism has been declared one of the metabolic hallmarks of malignant cancer cells. Furthermore, iron is implicated in the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, and elucidating the targeted regulation of iron metabolism may have the potential to benefit antitumor immunity and cancer treatment. In the present review, we briefly summarize the roles of leukocytes and iron metabolism in tumorigenesis, as well as their crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment. The combination of immunotherapy with targeted regulation of iron and iron-dependent regulated cell death (ferroptosis) may be a focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesang Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Haifei He
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wuzhen Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yongchuan Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
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161
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Targeting Oncoimmune Drivers of Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030554. [PMID: 33535613 PMCID: PMC7867187 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Residual metastasis is a major cause of cancer-associated death. Recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the related cancer stem cells (CSCs) have revealed the landscapes of cancer metastasis and are promising contributions to clinical treatments. However, this rarely leads to practical advances in the management of cancer in clinical settings, and thus cancer metastasis is still a threat to patients. The reason for this may be the heterogeneity and complexity caused by the evolutional transformation of tumor cells through interactions with the host environment, which is composed of numerous components, including stromal cells, vascular cells, and immune cells. The reciprocal evolution further raises the possibility of successful tumor escape, resulting in a fatal prognosis for patients. To disrupt the vicious spiral of tumor-immunity aggravation, it is important to understand the entire metastatic process and the practical implementations. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular and cellular links between tumors' biological properties and host immunity, mainly focusing on EMT and CSCs, and we also highlight therapeutic agents targeting the oncoimmune determinants driving cancer metastasis toward better practical use in the treatment of cancer patients.
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162
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Li D, Li T, Bai C, Zhang Q, Li Z, Li X. A predictive nomogram for mortality of cancer patients with invasive candidiasis: a 10-year study in a cancer center of North China. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:76. [PMID: 33446133 PMCID: PMC7809763 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-05780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Invasive candidiasis is the most common fungal disease among hospitalized patients and continues to be a major cause of mortality. Risk factors for mortality have been studied previously but rarely developed into a predictive nomogram, especially for cancer patients. We constructed a nomogram for mortality prediction based on a retrospective review of 10 years of data for cancer patients with invasive candidiasis. Methods Clinical data for cancer patients with invasive candidiasis during the period of 2010–2019 were studied; the cases were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. Variables in the training cohort were subjected to a predictive nomogram based on multivariate logistic regression analysis and a stepwise algorithm. We assessed the performance of the nomogram through the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) in both the training and validation cohorts. Results A total of 207 cases of invasive candidiasis were examined, and the crude 30-day mortality was 28.0%. Candida albicans (48.3%) was the predominant species responsible for infection, followed by the Candida glabrata complex (24.2%) and Candida tropicalis (10.1%). The training and validation cohorts contained 147 and 60 cases, respectively. The predictive nomogram consisted of bloodstream infections, intensive care unit (ICU) admitted > 3 days, no prior surgery, metastasis and no source control. The AUCs of the training and validation cohorts were 0.895 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.846–0.945) and 0.862 (95% CI, 0.770–0.955), respectively. The net benefit of the model performed better than “treatment for all” in DCA and was also better for opting low-risk patients out of treatment than “treatment for none” in opt-out DCA. Conclusion Cancer patients with invasive candidiasis exhibit high crude mortality. The predictive nomogram established in this study can provide a probability of mortality for a given patient, which will be beneficial for therapeutic strategies and outcome improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Tianjiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changsen Bai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xichuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Binshuixi Road, Tianjin, 300387, Xiqing District, China.
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Huang T, Li S, Fang J, Li F, Tu S. Antibody-activated trans-endothelial delivery of mesoporous organosilica nanomedicine augments tumor extravasation and anti-cancer immunotherapy. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2158-2172. [PMID: 33511314 PMCID: PMC7815474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor vasculature constitutes a formidable hurdle for the efficient delivery of cancer nanomedicine into tumors. The leverage of passive pathway through inter-endothelial gaps in tumor blood vessels might account for limited extravasation of nanomedicine into tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, Annexin A1 antibody-installed mesoporous organosilica nanoplatforms carrying immunotherapeutics of anti-PD-L1 antibody (aPD-L1) and Indoximod are developed to target at caveolar Annexin-A1 protein of luminal endothelial cells and to trigger the active trans-endothelial transcytosis of nanomedicine mediated by caveolae. Such strategy enables rapid nanomedicine extravasation across tumor endothelium and relatively extensive accumulation in tumor interstitium. aPD-L1 and Indoximod release from aPD/IND@MON-aANN in a reduction-responsive manner and synergistically facilitate the intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and reverse the immunosuppressive TME, thus demonstrating substantial anti-tumor efficacy in subcutaneous 4T1 breast tumors and remarkable anti-metastatic capacity to extend the survival of 4T1 tumor metastasis model. Moreover, aPD/IND@MON-aANN nanomedicine also exhibits distinct superiority over the combination therapy of free drugs to potently attenuate the progression of urethane-induced orthotopic lung cancers. Collectively, aPD/IND@MON-aANN nanoplatforms with boosted delivery efficiency via antibody-activated trans-endothelial pathway and enhanced immunotherapeutic efficacy provides perspectives for the development of cancer nanomedicines. The nanomedicine overcomes tumor vascular barrier by active transcytosis via caveolae initiated by the conjugated aANXA1. The nanoplatform responsively releases aPD-L1 and Indoximod to synergistically improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. The nanomedicine shows anti-tumor capacity in mice breast cancers and lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinglei Huang
- Department of Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jianchen Fang
- Department of Pathology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Fuli Li
- Department of Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shuiping Tu
- Department of Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Corresponding author.
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164
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Development of an immune-related gene pairs index for the prognosis analysis of metastatic melanoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1253. [PMID: 33441929 PMCID: PMC7806975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a skin cancer with great metastatic potential, which is responsible for the major deaths in skin cancer. Although the prognosis of melanoma patients has been improved with the comprehensive treatment, for patients with metastasis, the complexity and heterogeneity of diffuse diseases make prognosis prediction and systematic treatment difficult and ineffective. Therefore, we established a novel personalized immune-related gene pairs index (IRGPI) to predict the prognosis of patients with metastatic melanoma, which was conducive to provide new insights into clinical decision-making and prognostic monitoring for metastatic melanoma. Through complex analysis and filtering, we identified 24 immune-related gene pairs to build the model and obtained the optimal cut-off value from receiver operating characteristic curves, which divided the patients into high and low immune-risk groups. Meantime, the Kaplan–Meier analysis, Cox regression analysis and subgroup analysis showed that IRGPI had excellent prognostic value. Furthermore, IRGPI was shown that was closely associated with immune system in the subsequent tumor microenvironment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis. In addition, we broken through the data processing limitations of traditional researches in different platforms through the application of gene pairs, which would provide great credibility for our model. We believe that our research would provide a new perspective for clinical decision-making and prognostic monitoring in metastatic melanoma.
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165
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Chen Y, Hou S, Jiang R, Sun J, Cheng C, Qian Z. EZH2 is a potential prognostic predictor of glioma. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:925-936. [PMID: 33277782 PMCID: PMC7812280 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) is a histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase that promotes tumorigenesis in a variety of human malignancies by altering the expression of tumour suppressor genes. To evaluate the prognostic value of EZH2 in glioma, we analysed gene expression data and corresponding clinicopathological information from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas, the Cancer Genome Atlas and GTEx. Increased expression of EZH2 was significantly associated with clinicopathologic characteristics and overall survival as evaluated by univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed an association of EZH2 expression with the cell cycle, DNA replication, mismatch repair, p53 signalling and pyrimidine metabolism. We constructed a nomogram for prognosis prediction with EZH2, clinicopathologic variables and significantly correlated genes. EZH2 was demonstrated to be significantly associated with several immune checkpoints and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. Furthermore, the ESTIMATE and Timer Database scores indicated correlation of EZH2 expression with a more immunosuppressive microenvironment for glioblastoma than for low grade glioma. Overall, our study demonstrates that expression of EZH2 is a potential prognostic molecular marker of poor survival in glioma and identifies signalling pathways and immune checkpoints regulated by EHZ2, suggesting a direction for future application of immune therapy in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐nan Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of ChinaDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Shi‐qiang Hou
- Department of NeurosurgeryChuzhou Clinical College of Anhui Medical UniversityThe First People's Hospital ChuzhouChuzhouChina
| | - Rui Jiang
- Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair and Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Jun‐long Sun
- Department of NeurosurgeryShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji HosipitalShanghaiChina
| | - Chuan‐dong Cheng
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of ChinaDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Zhong‐run Qian
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of ChinaDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineHefeiChina
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166
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Zhao WJ, Ou GY, Lin WW. Integrative Analysis of Neuregulin Family Members-Related Tumor Microenvironment for Predicting the Prognosis in Gliomas. Front Immunol 2021; 12:682415. [PMID: 34054873 PMCID: PMC8155525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.682415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, including brain lower grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are the most common primary brain tumors in the central nervous system. Neuregulin (NRG) family proteins belong to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of extracellular ligands and they play an essential role in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. However, roles of NRGs in gliomas, especially their effects on prognosis, still remain to be elucidated. In this study, we obtained raw counts of RNA-sequencing data and corresponding clinical information from 510 LGG and 153 GBM samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We analyzed the association of NRG1-4 expression levels with tumor immune microenvironment in LGG and GBM. GSVA (Gene Set Variation Analysis) was performed to determine the prognostic difference of NRGs gene set between LGG and GBM. ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve and the nomogram model were constructed to estimate the prognostic value of NRGs in LGG and GBM. The results demonstrated that NRG1-4 were differentially expressed in LGG and GBM in comparison to normal tissue. Immune score analysis revealed that NRG1-4 were significantly related to the tumor immune microenvironment and remarkably correlated with immune cell infiltration. The investigation of roles of m6A (N6-methyladenosine, m6A)-related genes in gliomas revealed that NRGs were prominently involved in m6A RNA modification. GSVA score showed that NRG family members are more associated with prognosis in LGG compared with GBM. Prognostic analysis showed that NRG3 and NRG1 can serve as potential independent biomarkers in LGG and GBM, respectively. Moreover, GDSC drug sensitivity analysis revealed that NRG1 was more correlated with drug response compared with other NRG subtypes. Based on these public databases, we preliminarily identified the relationship between NRG family members and tumor immune microenvironment, and the prognostic value of NRGs in gliomas. In conclusion, our study provides comprehensive roles of NRG family members in gliomas, supporting modulation of NRG signaling in the management of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-jiang Zhao
- Cell Biology Department, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-jiang Zhao, ; Guan-yong Ou,
| | - Guan-yong Ou
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-jiang Zhao, ; Guan-yong Ou,
| | - Wen-wen Lin
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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167
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Design of Nanostructure Materials to Modulate Immunosuppressive Tumour Microenvironments and Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy. Bioanalysis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78338-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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168
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Exosomes: Their Role in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010084. [PMID: 33396739 PMCID: PMC7795854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current scientific evidence concerning the role played by exosomes in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The potential use of exosomes as delivery vectors for small-molecule therapeutic agents will be discussed. In addition, a special emphasis will be placed on the involvement of exosomes in oncological diseases, as well as to their potential therapeutic application as liquid biopsy tools mainly in cancer diagnosis. A better understanding of exosome biology could improve the results of clinical interventions using exosomes as therapeutic agents. Abstract Exosomes are lipid bilayer particles released from cells into their surrounding environment. These vesicles are mediators of near and long-distance intercellular communication and affect various aspects of cell biology. In addition to their biological function, they play an increasingly important role both in diagnosis and as therapeutic agents. In this paper, we review recent literature related to the molecular composition of exosomes, paying special attention to their role in pathogenesis, along with their application as biomarkers and as therapeutic tools. In this context, we analyze the potential use of exosomes in biomedicine, as well as the limitations that preclude their wider application.
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169
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Hussain S, Peng B, Cherian M, Song JW, Ahirwar DK, Ganju RK. The Roles of Stroma-Derived Chemokine in Different Stages of Cancer Metastases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:598532. [PMID: 33414786 PMCID: PMC7783453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.598532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay between malignant cells and host cellular and non-cellular components play crucial role in different stages of tumor development, progression, and metastases. Tumor and stromal cells communicate to each other through receptors such as integrins and secretion of signaling molecules like growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and inflammatory mediators. Chemokines mediated signaling pathways have emerged as major mechanisms underlying multifaceted roles played by host cells during tumor progression. In response to tumor stimuli, host cells-derived chemokines further activates signaling cascades that support the ability of tumor cells to invade surrounding basement membrane and extra-cellular matrix. The host-derived chemokines act on endothelial cells to increase their permeability and facilitate tumor cells intravasation and extravasation. The tumor cells-host neutrophils interaction within the vasculature initiates chemokines driven recruitment of inflammatory cells that protects circulatory tumor cells from immune attack. Chemokines secreted by tumor cells and stromal immune and non-immune cells within the tumor microenvironment enter the circulation and are responsible for formation of a "pre-metastatic niche" like a "soil" in distant organs whereby circulating tumor cells "seed' and colonize, leading to formation of metastatic foci. Given the importance of host derived chemokines in cancer progression and metastases several drugs like Mogamulizumab, Plerixafor, Repertaxin among others are part of ongoing clinical trial which target chemokines and their receptors against cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding the complexity of chemokines network in tumor microenvironment, with an emphasis on chemokines secreted from host cells. We especially summarize the role of host-derived chemokines in different stages of metastases, including invasion, dissemination, migration into the vasculature, and seeding into the pre-metastatic niche. We finally provide a brief description of prospective drugs that target chemokines in different clinical trials against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Hussain
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mathew Cherian
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Dinesh K Ahirwar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ramesh K Ganju
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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170
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Dong Z, Liu Z, Dai H, Liu W, Feng Z, Zhao Q, Gao Y, Liu F, Zhang N, Dong X, Zhou X, Du J, Huang G, Tian X, Liu B. The Potential Role of Regulatory B Cells in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:7638365. [PMID: 33426094 PMCID: PMC7772048 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7638365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Breg) are widely regarded as immunomodulatory cells which play an immunosuppressive role. Breg inhibits pathological autoimmune response by secreting interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and adenosine and through other ways to prevent T cells and other immune cells from expanding. Recent studies have shown that different inflammatory environments induce different types of Breg cells, and these different Breg cells have different functions. For example, Br1 cells can secrete IgG4 to block autoantigens. Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is an autoimmune disease in which the humoral immune response is dominant and the cellular immune response is impaired. However, only a handful of studies have been done on the role of Bregs in this regard. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the types and functions of Breg found in human body, as well as the abnormal pathological and immunological phenomena in IMN, and propose the hypothesis that Breg is activated in IMN patients and the proportion of Br1 can be increased. Our review aims at highlighting the correlation between Breg and IMN and proposes potential mechanisms, which can provide a new direction for the discovery of the pathogenesis of IMN, thus providing a new strategy for the prevention and early treatment of IMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaocheng Dong
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Shandong First Medical University, No. 619 Changcheng Road, Tai'an City, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Haoran Dai
- Shunyi Branch, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Station East 5, Shunyi District, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhendong Feng
- Beijing Chinese Medicine Hospital Pinggu Hospital, No. 6, Pingxiang Road, Pinggu District, Beijing 101200, China
| | - Qihan Zhao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
- Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
- Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
- Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuan Dong
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
- Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhou
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Jieli Du
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Guangrui Huang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Baoli Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
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171
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He X, Zhong X, Hu Z, Zhao S, Wei P, Li D. An insight into small extracellular vesicles: Their roles in colorectal cancer progression and potential clinical applications. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e249. [PMID: 33377655 PMCID: PMC7733319 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are nano-sized extracellular vesicles containing a variety of bioactive molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. Recent evidence from CRC has revealed that sEVs contribute to tumorigenesis, progression, and drug resistance, and serve as a tool for "liquid biopsy" and a drug delivery system for therapy. In this review, we summarize information about the roles of sEVs in the proliferation, invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, formation of the premetastatic niche, and drug resistance to elucidate the mechanisms governing sEVs in CRC and to identify novel targets for therapy and prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng He
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinyang Zhong
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zijuan Hu
- Department of PathologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Cancer InstituteFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Institute of PathologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Senlin Zhao
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ping Wei
- Department of PathologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Cancer InstituteFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Institute of PathologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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172
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Wang W, Zheng Y, Wu XF, Zhao D, Hou LZ, Shi F, Liu JJ, Dong FL. Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound area ratio in identifying benign and malignant small breast masses. Gland Surg 2020; 9:1486-1494. [PMID: 33224823 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Tumor size affects clinical staging and is closely related to prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis of breast cancer is one of the most important methods to reduce mortality and improve prognosis. However, minimal breast cancer is difficult to differentiate from small benign breast masses due to insufficient typical malignant signs. The significantly increased range of enhancement can be an important indication for the prediction of malignancy; however, quantitative studies on the extent of enhancement are rarely reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) area ratio in finding benign and malignant small breast masses. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 88 patients with breast masses confirmed by surgery or needle biopsy (the maximal diameter not over 1 cm). 88 breast masses were divided into the younger age group (not over 40 years old) and older age group (over 40 years old) according to the patient's age. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cutoff values of CEUS area ratio in diagnosing benign or malignant small breast masses in each group. The efficiency of different cutoff values in finding benign and malignant small breast masses of the distinct groups was analyzed. Results The CEUS area ratio of malignant mass was larger than benign masses (P<0.05). The CEUS area ratio of malignant masses in the younger age group was larger than that in the older age group (P<0.05). The results of the ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) and the cutoff values of the entire group, the younger age group, and the older age group were 0.887, 1.65; 0.909, 1.95; and 0.908, 1.22, respectively. When the cutoff value of the older age group was reduced from 1.65 to 1.22, its diagnostic sensitivity was improved significantly (P<0.05). Conclusions CEUS area ratio has specific application value in finding benign and malignant small breast masses. Proper reduction of the cutoff value of elderly patients can further improve its diagnostic sensitivity without significantly reducing the specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Zhu Hou
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin-Jin Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng-Lin Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Inhibition of HIF-1α/EP4 axis by hyaluronate-trimethyl chitosan-SPION nanoparticles markedly suppresses the growth and development of cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:1006-1019. [PMID: 33227333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased expression of Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the tumor microenvironment, mainly due to tumor growth, plays a major role in the growth of cancer. Tumor cells induce the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and its product, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), through overexpression of HIF-1α. It has been shown that ligation of PGE2 with its receptor, EP4, robustly promotes cancer progression. HIF-1α/COX2/PGE2/EP4 signaling pathways appear to play an important role in tumor growth. Therefore, we decided to block the expansion of cancer cells by blocking the initiator (HIF-1α) and end (EP4) of this pathway. In this study, we used hyaluronate (HA), and trimethyl chitosan (TMC) recoated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) loaded with HIF-1α-silencing siRNA and the EP4 antagonist (E7046) to treat cancer cells and assessed the effect of combination therapy on cancer progression. The results showed that optimum physicochemical characteristics of NPs (size 126.9 nm, zeta potential 27 mV, PDI < 0.2) and linkage of HA with CD44 molecules overexpressed on cancer cells could deliver siRNAs to cancer cells and significantly suppress the HIF-1α in them. Combination therapy of cancer cells by using HIF-1α siRNA-loaded SPION-TMC-HA NPs and E7046 also prevent proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and colony formation of the cancer cells, remarkably.
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174
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Yang R, Lu M, Ming L, Chen Y, Cheng K, Zhou J, Jiang S, Lin Z, Chen D. 89Zr-Labeled Multifunctional Liposomes Conjugate Chitosan for PET-Trackable Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Stem Cell Targeted Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9061-9074. [PMID: 33239874 PMCID: PMC7680801 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s262786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Therapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a global problem due to lack of specific targets for treatment selection. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor formation and recurrence but also offer a promising target for TNBC-targeted therapy. Here, zirconium-89 (89Zr)-labelled multifunctional liposomes (MLPs) surface-decorated with chitosan (CS) were fabricated to specifically target and trace cluster of differentiation 44+ (CD44+) TNBC CSCs specifically. Patients and Methods The biological basis of CS targeting CD44 for cancer therapy was investigated by detecting the expression of CD44 in TNBC CSCs and TNBC tissues. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the molecular basis of CS targeting CD44 for cancer therapy. Gambogic acid (GA)-loaded, 89Zr@CS-MLPs (89Zr-CS-GA-MLPs) were prepared, and their uptake and biodistribution were observed. The anti-tumor efficacy of 89Zr@CS-GA-MLPs was investigated in vivo. Results CD44 is overexpressed in TNBC CSCs and tissues. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations showed that CS could be stably docked into the active site of CD44 in a reasonable conformation. Furthermore, 89Zr@CS-GA-MLPs were able to bind specifically to CD44+ TNBC stem-like cells and accumulated in tumors of xenograft-bearing mice with excellent radiochemical stability. 89Zr@CS-GA-MLPs loaded with GA showed remarkable anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. Conclusion The GA-loaded, 89Zr-labelled, CS-decorated MLPs developed in this study represent a novel strategy for TNBC imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, People's Republic of China
| | - Mudan Lu
- Internal Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Ming
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwen Jiang
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Daozhen Chen
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, People's Republic of China
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175
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Shang C, Qiao J, Guo H. The dynamic behavior of lipid droplets in the pre-metastatic niche. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:990. [PMID: 33203856 PMCID: PMC7672095 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pre-metastatic niche is a favorable microenvironment for the colonization of metastatic tumor cells in specific distant organs. Lipid droplets (LDs, also known as lipid bodies or adiposomes) have increasingly been recognized as lipid-rich, functionally dynamic organelles within tumor cells, immune cells, and other stromal cells that are linked to diverse biological functions and human diseases. Moreover, in recent years, several studies have described the indispensable role of LDs in the development of pre-metastatic niches. This review discusses current evidence related to the biogenesis, composition, and functions of LDs related to the following characteristics of the pre-metastatic niche: immunosuppression, inflammation, angiogenesis/vascular permeability, lymphangiogenesis, organotropism, reprogramming. We also address the function of LDs in mediating pre-metastatic niche formation. The potential of LDs as markers and targets for novel antimetastatic therapies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, 100191, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, 100191, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, 100191, Beijing, China. .,Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China.
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176
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Amabile MI, Frusone F, De Luca A, Tripodi D, Imbimbo G, Lai S, D’Andrea V, Sorrenti S, Molfino A. Locoregional Surgery in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Do Concomitant Metabolic Aspects Have a Role on the Management and Prognosis in this Setting? J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040227. [PMID: 33202793 PMCID: PMC7712935 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although they cannot be considered curative, the new therapeutic integrated advances in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) have substantially improved patient outcomes. Traditionally, surgery was confined to palliation of symptomatic or ulcerating lumps. Data suggest, in some cases, a possible additive role for more aggressive locoregional surgical therapy in combination with systemic treatments in the metastatic setting, although a low level of evidence has been shown in terms of improvement in overall survival in MBC patients treated with surgery and medical treatment compared to medical treatment alone. In this light, tumor heterogeneity remains a challenge. To effectively reshape the therapeutic approach to MBC, careful consideration of who is a good candidate for locoregional resection is paramount. The patient’s global health condition, impacting on cancer progression and morbidity and their associated molecular targets, have to be considered in treatment decision-making. In particular, more recently, research has been focused on the role of metabolic derangements, including the presence of metabolic syndrome, which represent well-known conditions related to breast cancer recurrence and distant metastasis and are, therefore, involved in the prognosis. In the present article, we focus on locoregional surgical strategies in MBC and whether concomitant metabolic derangements may have a role in prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ida Amabile
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (A.D.L.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-499-72042
| | - Federico Frusone
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (A.D.L.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (A.D.L.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Domenico Tripodi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (A.D.L.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Giovanni Imbimbo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (S.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Silvia Lai
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (S.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Vito D’Andrea
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (A.D.L.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Salvatore Sorrenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (A.D.L.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Alessio Molfino
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (S.L.); (A.M.)
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177
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Sistigu A, Musella M, Galassi C, Vitale I, De Maria R. Tuning Cancer Fate: Tumor Microenvironment's Role in Cancer Stem Cell Quiescence and Reawakening. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2166. [PMID: 33193295 PMCID: PMC7609361 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell dormancy is a common feature of human tumors and represents a major clinical barrier to the long-term efficacy of anticancer therapies. Dormant cancer cells, either in primary tumors or disseminated in secondary organs, may reawaken and relapse into a more aggressive disease. The mechanisms underpinning dormancy entry and exit strongly resemble those governing cancer cell stemness and include intrinsic and contextual cues. Cellular and molecular components of the tumor microenvironment persistently interact with cancer cells. This dialog is highly dynamic, as it evolves over time and space, strongly cooperates with intrinsic cell nets, and governs cancer cell features (like quiescence and stemness) and fate (survival and outgrowth). Therefore, there is a need for deeper insight into the biology of dormant cancer (stem) cells and the mechanisms regulating the equilibrium quiescence-versus-proliferation are vital in our pursuit of new therapeutic opportunities to prevent cancer from recurring. Here, we review and discuss microenvironmental regulations of cancer dormancy and its parallels with cancer stemness, and offer insights into the therapeutic strategies adopted to prevent a lethal recurrence, by either eradicating resident dormant cancer (stem) cells or maintaining them in a dormant state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Sistigu
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Musella
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Galassi
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilio Vitale
- IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS Candiolo (TO), Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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178
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Li J, Xue J, Ling M, Sun J, Xiao T, Dai X, Sun Q, Cheng C, Xia H, Wei Y, Chen F, Liu Q. MicroRNA-15b in extracellular vesicles from arsenite-treated macrophages promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinomas by blocking the LATS1-mediated Hippo pathway. Cancer Lett 2020; 497:137-153. [PMID: 33080309 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic, a human carcinogen, causes various human cancers, including those of the skin, lung, and liver. Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), which have high mortality, are common malignancies worldwide. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which are considered to be similar to M2-polarized macrophages, promote tumor invasion and progression. Small non-coding RNAs (miRNAs) regulate expression of genes involved in progression of various malignancies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as mediators of cell communication, pass specific miRNAs directly from TAMs to tumor cells, promoting tumor pathogenesis and metastasis. In HCCs, large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1), functions as a tumor suppressor. However, the molecular mechanism by which miRNA modulates LATS1 expression in HCCs remains unclear. The results show that exposure to arsenite, increased miR-15b levels and induced M2 polarization of THP-1 cells. Elevated levels of miR-15b were transferred from arsenite-treated-THP-1 (As-THP-1) cells to HCC cells via miR-15b in EVs inhibited activation of the Hippo pathway by targeting LATS1, and was involved in promoting the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. In conclusion, miR-15b in EVs from As-THP-1 cells is transferred to HCC cells, in which it targets and downregulates LATS1 expression and promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Xue
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ling
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Xiao
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Dai
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Sun
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xia
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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179
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Zhang Y, Dong X, Bai L, Shang X, Zeng Y. MUC1-induced immunosuppression in colon cancer can be reversed by blocking the PD1/PDL1 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:317. [PMID: 33133253 PMCID: PMC7590440 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin1 (MUC1) upregulation in colon cancer has been linked to poor patient outcomes and advanced stage at diagnosis. This is partially due to MUC1-mediated inhibition of T-cell proliferation affecting efficient lysis by cytotoxic lymphocytes, which contributes to escape from immune surveillance. In the present study, human colorectal cancer tissues were collected, and MUC1-positive and MUC1-negative colon cancer mouse models were prepared; subsequently, the number and function of immune cells in tumor tissues were measured using flow cytometry. The present study revealed that MUC1, as a tumor-associated antigen, can recruit more tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes into the tumor microenvironment compared with MUC1-negative colon cancer, but that these cells could not serve antitumor roles. Conversely, the present study demonstrated that MUC1-positive colon cancer attracted more regulatory T cells (Treg cells), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to the tumor site than MUC1-negative colon cancer. Furthermore, the data suggested that programmed death protein 1 (PD1)-programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) expression is greater in MUC1-positive colon cancer. Blocking the PD1-PDL1 signaling pathway reduced the percentage of Treg cells, MDSCs and TAMs in the tumor microenvironment, enhanced T-cell cytotoxicity and inhibited tumor growth, prolonging the survival time of MUC1-positive tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, the present study elucidated the role of MUC1 in tumor immune escape and provides a foundation for the application of PDL1 inhibitors to MUC1-positive colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, P.R. China
| | - Xiangqian Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Liping Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Shang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, P.R. China
| | - Yujian Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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180
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Ding QY, Zhang Y, Ma L, Chen YG, Wu JH, Zhang HF, Wang X. Inhibiting MAPK14 showed anti-prolactinoma effect. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:138. [PMID: 32894113 PMCID: PMC7487756 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The specific underlying pathogenesis of prolactinoma has not been clarified yet, to the best of our knowledge. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling including p38α MAPK (MAPK14), p38β (MAPK11), p38γ (MAPK12) and p38δ (MAPK13) is associated with the development and progression of several types of cancer. METHODS Immunofluorescence analysis was performed on the prolactin (PRL) and MAPK14 expressions of pituitary gland in C57BL/6 mice and human prolactinoma specimen. In the present study, the role of MAPK14 in prolactinoma was determined using estradiol-induced mice and dopamine D2 receptor knockout (DRD2-/-) mice models in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), MAPK14-/- and DRD2-/-MAPK14+/- mice. GH3 cells were transfected with different sets of MAPK14 small interfering RNA, which to study MAPK14 and PRL expression in GH3 cells. RESULTS Immunofluorescence analysis showed that PRL and MAPK14 expression were colocalized and increased in the pituitary gland of mice and human prolactinoma specimen compared with the control specimen. It was shown that PRL and MAPK14 expression was colocalized and increased significantly in the pituitary gland of estradiol-injected prolactinoma mice compared with the control mice. Knockout of MAPK14 significantly inhibited tumor overgrowth, and PRL expression was decreased in estradiol-induced mice. Furthermore, MAPK14 knockout of DRD2-/-MAPK14+/- mice significantly reduced the overgrowth of pituitary gland and PRL production and secretion compared with DRD2-/- mice. MAPK14 knockout using siRNA inhibited PRL production in GH3 cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that MAPK14 serves a promoting role in the formation of prolactinoma, and highlights the potential of MAPK14 as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of prolactinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Yan Ding
- Central lab, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, The Third Hospital of Wuhan, 241 Pengliuyang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, The Third Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Li Ma
- Central lab, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, The Third Hospital of Wuhan, 241 Pengliuyang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, The Third Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yong-Gang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, The Third Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Jin-Hu Wu
- Central lab, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, The Third Hospital of Wuhan, 241 Pengliuyang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Feng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Central lab, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, The Third Hospital of Wuhan, 241 Pengliuyang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, The Third Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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181
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Wang X, Xu L, Dai N, Yang X, He Q, Tan L, Wang R, Li F. The effect of Tai Chi practice on immunological function in cancer survivors: A protocol for systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21869. [PMID: 32899017 PMCID: PMC7478452 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tai Chi has been reported to be potentially effective for health and well-being of cancer survivors. It is worth to assess the effectiveness and safety of Tai Chi on immunological function in people with cancer. METHODS All relevant randomized controlled trials (RCT) will be reviewed on Tai Chi for immunological function in cancer survivors. Literature searching will be conducted until March 9, 2019 from major English and Chinese databases: Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), PubMed, CINAHL, Sprotdicus, American Association for Cancer Research Journals, Sino-Med database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Science and Technique Journals Database, and Wanfang Data Chinese database. Two authors will conduct data selection and extraction independently. Quality assessment will be conducted using the risk of bias tool recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. We will conduct data analysis using Cochrane's RevMan software (V.5.3). Forest plots and summary of findings tables will illustrate the results from a meta-analysis if sufficient studies with the same outcomes are identified. Funnel plots will be developed to evaluate reporting bias. RESULTS This review will summarize the evidence on Tai Chi for immunological function in cancer survivors. CONCLUSIONS We hope that the results of this study will provide significant evidence to assess the value Tai Chi practice on immunological function in cancer survivors. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval is not required as this study will not involve patients. The results of this study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Xu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Department of Liver Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Dai
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
| | | | | | - Libo Tan
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Ruochong Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Department of Liver Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
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182
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Izraely S, Witz IP. Site-specific metastasis: A cooperation between cancer cells and the metastatic microenvironment. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:1308-1322. [PMID: 32761606 PMCID: PMC7891572 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The conclusion derived from the information provided in this review is that disseminating tumor cells (DTC) collaborate with the microenvironment of a future metastatic organ site in the establishment of organ‐specific metastasis. We review the basic principles of site‐specific metastasis and the contribution of the cross talk between DTC and the microenvironment of metastatic sites (metastatic microenvironment [MME]) to the establishment of the organ‐specific premetastatic niche; the targeted migration of DTC to the endothelium of the future organ‐specific metastasis; the transmigration of DTC to this site and the seeding and colonization of DTC in their future MME. We also discuss the role played by DTC‐MME interactions on tumor dormancy and on the differential response of tumor cells residing in different MMEs to antitumor therapy. Finally, we summarize some studies dealing with the effects of the MME on a unique site‐specific metastasis—brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Izraely
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Isaac P Witz
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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183
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Wang Y, Chen L, Yu M, Fang Y, Qian K, Wang G, Ju L, Xiao Y, Wang X. Immune-related signature predicts the prognosis and immunotherapy benefit in bladder cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 9:7729-7741. [PMID: 32841548 PMCID: PMC7571842 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is no good prognostic model that could predict the prognosis of bladder cancer (BCa) and the benefit of immunotherapy. Methods Through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm, we constructed a 13‐mRNA immune signature from the TCGA cohort (n = 406). We validated its prognostic value and predictive value for the benefit of immunotherapy with four independent validation cohort (GSE13507 [n = 256], GSE31684 [n = 93], GSE32894 [n = 308], and IMvigor210 cohort [n = 298]). Results Our results indicating that high‐risk group with higher inhibitory immune cell infiltration (regulatory T cells [Tregs] and macrophage, etc), higher expression of immune checkpoints, and more T cell suppressive pathways (transforming growth factor β [TGF‐β], epithelial‐mesenchymal transition [EMT], etc) were activated. Besides, the immune signature showed a good predictive value for the benefit of immunotherapy in a cohort of urothelial carcinoma patients treated with PD‐L1. Conclusions The immune signature constructed is convenient to classify the immunotherapeutic susceptibility of patients with BCa, so as to achieve precision immunotherapy for BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejinpeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxue Yu
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yayun Fang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingao Ju
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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184
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Song Y, Fu Y, Xie Q, Zhu B, Wang J, Zhang B. Anti-angiogenic Agents in Combination With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Promising Strategy for Cancer Treatment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1956. [PMID: 32983126 PMCID: PMC7477085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cancer immunity have promoted a major breakthrough in the field of cancer therapy. This is mainly associated with the successful development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for multiple types of human tumors. Blockade with different ICIs, including programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors, may activate the immune system of the host against malignant cells. However, only a subgroup of patients with cancer would benefit from immune checkpoint blockade. Some patients experience primary resistance to initial immunotherapy, and a majority eventually develop acquired resistance to ICIs. However, the mechanisms involved in the development of drug resistance to immune checkpoint blockade remain unclear. Recent studies supported that combination of ICIs and anti-angiogenic agents could be a promising therapeutic strategy for overcoming the low efficacy of ICIs. Moreover, through their direct anti-cancer effect by inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis, anti-angiogenic drugs reprogram the tumor milieu from an immunosuppressive to an immune permissive microenvironment. Activated immunity by immune checkpoint blockade also facilitates anti-angiogenesis by downregulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and alleviating hypoxia condition. Many clinical trials showed an improved anti-cancer efficacy and prolonged survival following the addition of anti-angiogenic agents to ICIs. This review summarizes the current understanding and clinical development of combination therapy with immune checkpoint blockade and anti-angiogenic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Song
- Cancer Center, Hubei Provincial Research Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Hospital, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Medical Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Bicheng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Hubei Provincial Research Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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185
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Rhodes A, Hillen T. Implications of immune-mediated metastatic growth on metastatic dormancy, blow-up, early detection, and treatment. J Math Biol 2020; 81:799-843. [PMID: 32789610 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-020-01521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic seeding of distant organs can occur in the very early stages of primary tumor development. Once seeded, these micrometastases may enter a dormant phase that can last decades. Curiously, the surgical removal of the primary tumor can stimulate the accelerated growth of distant metastases, a phenomenon known as metastatic blow-up. Recent clinical evidence has shown that the immune response can have strong tumor promoting effects. In this work, we investigate if the pro-tumor effects of the immune response can have a significant contribution to metastatic dormancy and metastatic blow-up. We develop an ordinary differential equation model of the immune-mediated theory of metastasis. We include both anti- and pro-tumor immune effects, in addition to the experimentally observed phenomenon of tumor-induced immune cell phenotypic plasticity. Using geometric singular perturbation analysis, we derive a rather simple model that captures the main processes and, at the same time, can be fully analyzed. Literature-derived parameter estimates are obtained, and model robustness is demonstrated through a time dependent sensitivity analysis. We determine conditions under which the parameterized model can successfully explain both metastatic dormancy and blow-up. The results confirm the significant active role of the immune system in the metastatic process. Numerical simulations suggest a novel measure to predict the occurrence of future metastatic blow-up in addition to new potential avenues for treatment of clinically undetectable micrometastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rhodes
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Thomas Hillen
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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186
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Shi X, Sun J, Li H, Lin H, Xie W, Li J, Tan W. Antitumor efficacy of interferon-γ-modified exosomal vaccine in prostate cancer. Prostate 2020; 80:811-823. [PMID: 32427375 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes secreted by tumor cells can be regarded as carriers of tumor-associated antigens and have potential value in tumor immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of a novel exosomal vaccine (interferon-γ [IFN-γ]-modified exosomal vaccine) in prostate cancer. METHODS Prostate cancer cell-derived exosomes were used to prepare the exosomal vaccine using our protein-anchoring technique. The immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy of the exosomes was evaluated by measuring the effects of the exosomal vaccine on M1 macrophage differentiation, the ability of macrophages to engulf the exosomes, the production of antibodies against exosomes, and tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, and tumor growth. RESULTS The IFN-γ fusion protein was efficiently anchored on the surface of prostate cancer cell-derived exosomes and retained its bioactivity. The IFN-γ-exosomal vaccine increased the number of M1 macrophages, enhanced the ability of M1 macrophages to engulf RM-1 cell-derived exosomes, and induced the production of specific antibodies against exosomes. The exosomal vaccine downregulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and attenuated the effect of exosomes in promoting tumor metastasis. The proportions of CD4+ , CD8+ , and IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells in the exosomal vaccine group were the highest among the four groups. Interestingly, the IFN-γ-exosomal vaccine decreased the percentage of Tregs and downregulated the expression of programed death-ligand 1 and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 in the tumor environment. The exosomal vaccine significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival time of mice with prostate cancer. The exosomal and tumor cell vaccines had a good synergistic effect in promoting tumor immunity. CONCLUSIONS The novel exosomal vaccine induced an immune response that cleared prostate cancer cell-derived exosomes, thereby eliminating the regulatory effect of the exosomes. This study may provide experimental evidence for the use of exosomes as a therapeutic tool or target in immunotherapy for human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shi
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Xie
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Department of Institute of Biotherapy, Institute of Biotherapy, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanlong Tan
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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187
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The Role of Pre-Clinical 3-Dimensional Models of Osteosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155499. [PMID: 32752092 PMCID: PMC7432883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for osteosarcoma (OS) has been largely unchanged for several decades, with typical therapies being a mixture of chemotherapy and surgery. Although therapeutic targets and products against cancer are being continually developed, only a limited number have proved therapeutically active in OS. Thus, the understanding of the OS microenvironment and its interactions are becoming more important in developing new therapies. Three-dimensional (3D) models are important tools in increasing our understanding of complex mechanisms and interactions, such as in OS. In this review, in vivo animal models, in vitro 3D models and in ovo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) models, are evaluated and discussed as to their contribution in understanding the progressive nature of OS, and cancer research. We aim to provide insight and prospective future directions into the potential translation of 3D models in OS.
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188
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Zhang JZ, Ma YZ, Gu JL, Huo JG. Clinical research progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors in treatment of primary liver cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2020; 28:605-616. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v28.i14.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system in China. At present, the main treatments for liver cancer (LC) are surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation, chemotherapy, transarterial chemoembolization, and liver transplantation. Due to the limited treatment options, the overall 5-year survival rate of patients with advanced LC is still low. New treatments are urgently needed to prolong their survival and improve their quality of life. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors reprensented by programmed death receptor-1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 have made breakthrough progress in the treatment of LC, and bring new hope for LC patients. In this paper, the clinical research progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of PLC is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zhi Zhang
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University Of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Ma
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University Of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia-Lin Gu
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University Of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie-Ge Huo
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University Of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
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189
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Gu HY, Lin LL, Zhang C, Yang M, Zhong HC, Wei RX. The Potential of Five Immune-Related Prognostic Genes to Predict Survival and Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Soft Tissue Sarcomas Based on Multi-Omic Study. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1317. [PMID: 32850416 PMCID: PMC7396489 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low response rates to immunotherapy have been reported in soft tissue sarcoma (STS). There are few predictive biomarkers of response, and the tumor immune microenvironment associated with progression and prognosis remains unclear in STS. Gene expression data from the Cancer Genome Atlas were used to identify the immune-related prognostic genes (IRPGs) and construct the immune gene-related prognostic model (IGRPM). The tumor immune microenvironment was characterized to reveal differences between patients with different prognoses. Furthermore, somatic mutation data and DNA methylation data were analyzed to understand the underlying mechanism leading to different prognoses. The IGRPM was constructed using five IRPGs (IFIH1, CTSG, STC2, SECTM1, and BIRC5). Two groups (high- and low-risk patients) were identified based on the risk score. Low-risk patients with higher overall survival time had higher immune scores, more immune cell infiltration (e.g., CD8 T cell and activated natural killer cells), higher expression of immune-stimulating molecules, higher stimulating cytokines and corresponding receptors, higher innate immunity molecules, and stronger antigen-presenting capacity. However, inhibition of immunity was observed in low-risk patients owing to the higher expression of immune checkpoint molecules and inhibiting cytokines. High-risk patients had high tumor mutation burden, which did not significantly influence survival. Gene set enrichment analysis further revealed that pathways of cell cycle and cancers were activated in high-risk patients. DNA methylation analysis indicated that relative high methylation was associated with better overall survival. Finally, the age, mitotic counts, and risk scores were independent prognostic factors for STS. Five IRPGs performed well in risk stratification of patients and are candidate biomarkers for predicting response to immunotherapy. Differences observed through the multi-omic study of patients with different prognoses may reveal the underlying mechanism of the development and progression of STS, and thereby improve treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yun Gu
- Department of Spine and Orthopedic Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Lu Lin
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Department of Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Spine and Orthopedic Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hou-Cheng Zhong
- Department of Spine and Orthopedic Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ren-Xiong Wei
- Department of Spine and Orthopedic Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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190
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Diao FY. Novel mechanism of immune evasion mediated by tumor-associated macrophages in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:2383-2384. [PMID: 32686281 PMCID: PMC7471016 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Yu Diao
- Department of General Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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191
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Zhou Y, Han M, Gao J. Prognosis and targeting of pre-metastatic niche. J Control Release 2020; 325:223-234. [PMID: 32629136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As the main cause of tumoral fatality, metastasis remains to be one of the most urgent difficulties researcher struggled to overcome. During the development and progression of metastasis, the establishment of pre-metastatic niche is crucial in preparing fertile microenvironment for disseminated tumor cells settlement and colonization in distant metastatic target sites. The key participators, including the primary tumor-derived factors, bone marrow-derived cells, stromal cells of both the host and the potential metastatic sites, regulate the temporal progress of potential metastasis. Firstly, pioneers are sent from primary tumor, recruiting immunosuppressive cells; then circulating tumor cells settled and colonized; and finally, micrometastases develop. Here, we summarize the therapeutic strategies presented in recent years targeting different stages of the pre-metastatic niche formation and discuss their chances and challenges in clinical translation, providing promising approaches for metastasis prevention and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Min Han
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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192
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Zhang H, Jiang R, Zhou J, Wang J, Xu Y, Zhang H, Gu Y, Fu F, Shen Y, Zhang G, Feng L, Zhang X, Chen Y, Shen F. CTL Attenuation Regulated by PS1 in Cancer-Associated Fibroblast. Front Immunol 2020; 11:999. [PMID: 32587587 PMCID: PMC7297945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were associated with tumor progression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, their immunosuppressive roles in protecting cancer cells from the attack by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are not fully clear. In this study, we investigated whether and how CAFs regulate tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as well as their role in tumor immunosuppression. Methods: Eighty-three cases of ovarian cancer and 10 controls were analyzed for CAFs and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes by gene array and immunohistochemistry. We evaluated presenilin 1 (PS1) expression in CAFs, CTL penetration, tumor burden, dendritic cell function, and migration of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and their function in vivo and in vitro after silencing PS1. In addition, the pathway via which PS1 affects the TME was also evaluated. Results: PS1 was highly expressed in CAFs, and its silencing significantly promoted CD8+ CTL proliferation and penetration in multiple ovarian models (p < 0.05), resulting in tumor regression and growth inhibition. Interleukin (IL)-1β was identified as a major immune inhibitor in the TME, and it was significantly decreased after PS1 silencing (p < 0.05), which was regulated by the WNT/β-catenin pathway. It was also showed that high expression of IL-1β in CAFs inhibits CTL penetration significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Highly expressed PS1 in CAFs plays a crucial role in regulating tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte populations in the TME via the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Targeting PS1 may retrieve functional CTLs in the TME and improve the efficacy of current immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuejuan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanzheng Gu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fengqing Fu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangbo Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lanlan Feng
- Department of Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, China
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Youguo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fangrong Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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193
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Zhang H, Qin C, Gan H, Guo X, Zhang L. Construction of an Immunogenomic Risk Score for Prognostication in Colon Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:499. [PMID: 32508884 PMCID: PMC7253627 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-related genes (IRGs) play regulatory roles in the immune system and are involved in the initiation and progression of colon cancer. This study aimed to develop an immunogenomic risk score for predicting survival outcomes among colon cancer patients. We analyzed the expressions of IRGs in colon specimens and discovered 484 differentially expressed IRGs when we compared specimens from colon cancer and adjacent normal tissue. Univariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify 26 IRGs that were associated with survival. A Cox proportional hazards model with a lasso penalty identified five optimal IRGs for constructing the immunogenomic risk score (CD1B, XCL1, PLCG2, NGF, and OXTR). The risk score had good performance in predicting overall survival among patients with colon cancer and was correlated with the amount of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Our findings suggest that the immunogenomic risk score may be useful for prognostication in colon cancer cases. Furthermore, the five IRGs included in the risk score might be useful targets for investigating the initiation of colon cancer and designing personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Digestive Oncology, Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Gan
- First Clinical Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiong Guo
- First Clinical Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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194
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Photodynamic therapy produces enhanced efficacy of antitumor immunotherapy by simultaneously inducing intratumoral release of sorafenib. Biomaterials 2020; 240:119845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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195
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Hu B, Shi X, Du X, Xu M, Wang Q, Zhao H. Pattern of immune infiltration in lung cancer and its clinical implication. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 508:47-53. [PMID: 32371218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-infiltrating immune cells play an essential role in prognosis and survival after therapy. However, previous works have not made clear about the diversity of distinct cell types that participate in the immune response. We determined the composition of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their correlation with prognosis in lung cancer based on a metagene approach (known as CIBERSORT) and online databases. METHODS A total of 22 tumor-infiltrating immune cells were estimated to confirm the associations between the immune infiltration pattern and survival. As a result, the proportions of activated NK cell, monocytes, M0 macrophages and M1 macrophages in 56 cancer samples were significantly higher than those in 56 paracancerous samples. RESULTS Univariate Cox regression analysis displayed that the proportions of NK cell and monocytes were significantly associated with prognosis. Hierarchical clustering analysis predicted five clusters by the method of within sum of squares errors (wss), which exhibited different infiltrating immune cell composition and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS The proportions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells as well as cluster patterns were associated with the prognosis, which provided potential therapeutic targets for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Ultrasound Department, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Shi
- Pathology Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Du
- Departments of Scientific Research Center, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Mingxin Xu
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Departments of Health Check-up Center, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China.
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196
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Evaluation of Anti-Tumor Effects of Whole-Body Low-Dose Irradiation in Metastatic Mouse Models. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051126. [PMID: 32365904 PMCID: PMC7281283 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-dose irradiation (LDI) has recently been shown to have various beneficial effects on human health, such as on cellular metabolic activities, DNA repair, antioxidant activity, homeostasis potency, and immune activation. Although studies on the immunogenic effects of LDI are rapidly accumulating, clinical trials for cancer treatment are considered premature owing to the lack of available preclinical results and protocols. Here, we aim to investigate anti-tumor and anti-metastatic effects of whole-body LDI in several tumor-bearing mouse models. Mice were exposed to single or fractionated whole-body LDI prior to tumor transplantation, and tumor growth and metastatic potential were determined, along with analysis of immune cell populations and expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Whole-body fractionated-LDI decreased tumor development and lung metastasis not only by infiltration of CD4+, CD8+ T-cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) but also by attenuating EMT. Moreover, a combination of whole-body LDI with localized high-dose radiation therapy reduced the non-irradiated abscopal tumor growth and increased infiltration of effector T cells and DCs. Therefore, whole-body LDI in combination with high-dose radiation therapy could be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating cancer.
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197
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Huang R, Mao M, Lu Y, Yu Q, Liao L. A novel immune-related genes prognosis biomarker for melanoma: associated with tumor microenvironment. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:6966-6980. [PMID: 32310824 PMCID: PMC7202520 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is a cancer of the skin with potential to spread to other organs and is responsible for most deaths due to skin cancer. It is imperative to identify immune biomarkers for early melanoma diagnosis and treatment. RESULTS 63 immune-related genes of the total 1039 unique IRGs retrieved were associated with overall survival of melanoma. A multi-IRGs classifier constructed using eight IRGs showed a powerful predictive ability. The classifier had better predictive power compared with the current clinical data. GSEA analysis showed multiple signaling differences between high and low risk score group. Furthermore, biomarker was associated with multiple immune cells and immune infiltration in tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS The immune-related genes prognosis biomarker is an effective potential prognostic classifier in the immunotherapies and surveillance of melanoma. METHODS Melanoma samples of genes were retrieved from TCGA and GEO databases while the immune-related genes (IRGs) were retrieved from the ImmPort database. WGCNA, Cox regression analysis and LASSO analysis were used to classify melanoma prognosis. ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms were used to explore the relationship between risk score and tumor immune microenvironment. GSEA analysis was performed to explore the biological signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhi Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Min Mao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yunxin Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qingliang Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Liang Liao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Department of Traumatic Orthopedics and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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198
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Nguyen HV, Faivre V. Targeted drug delivery therapies inspired by natural taxes. J Control Release 2020; 322:439-456. [PMID: 32259545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A taxis is the movement responding to a stimulus of an organism. This behavior helps organisms to migrate, to find food or to avoid dangers. By mimicking and using natural taxes, many bio-inspired and bio-hybrid drug delivery systems have been synthesized. Under the guidance of physical and chemical stimuli, drug-loaded carriers are led to a target, for example tumors, then locally release the drug, inducing a therapeutic effect without influencing other parts of the body. On the other hand, for moving targets, for example metastasis cancer cells or bacteria, taking advantage of their taxes behavior is a solution to capture and to eliminate them. For instance, several traps and ecological niches have been fabricated to attract cancer cells by releasing chemokines. Cancer cells are then eliminated by drug loaded inside the trap, by radiotherapy focusing on the trap location or by simply removing the trap. Further research is needed to deeply understand the taxis behavior of organisms, which is essential to ameliorate the performance of taxes-inspired drug delivery application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung V Nguyen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Sud, 5 rue JB Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Vincent Faivre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Sud, 5 rue JB Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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199
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Bittner KR, Jiménez JM, Peyton SR. Vascularized Biomaterials to Study Cancer Metastasis. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901459. [PMID: 31977160 PMCID: PMC7899188 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis, the spread of cancer cells to distant organs, is responsible for 90% of cancer-related deaths. Cancer cells need to enter and exit circulation in order to form metastases, and the vasculature and endothelial cells are key regulators of this process. While vascularized 3D in vitro systems have been developed, few have been used to study cancer, and many lack key features of vessels that are necessary to study metastasis. This review focuses on current methods of vascularizing biomaterials for the study of cancer, and three main factors that regulate intravasation and extravasation: endothelial cell heterogeneity, hemodynamics, and the extracellular matrix of the perivascular niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine R Bittner
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Juan M Jiménez
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Shelly R Peyton
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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200
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Ma F, Lei YY, Ding MG, Luo LH, Xie YC, Liu XL. LncRNA NEAT1 Interacted With DNMT1 to Regulate Malignant Phenotype of Cancer Cell and Cytotoxic T Cell Infiltration via Epigenetic Inhibition of p53, cGAS, and STING in Lung Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:250. [PMID: 32296457 PMCID: PMC7136539 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. We report here the biological role of nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and the underlying mechanisms. Methods Reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting analysis were used to evaluate expression of mRNA and protein. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by qPCR analysis, and reporter assay were used to detect DNA/RNA and protein binding. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were assessed with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Cytotoxic T cell infiltration was evaluated with flow cytometric analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The changes of cell viability and cell invasive and migratory ability were analyzed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), colony formation, and Transwell assays, respectively. Syngeneic tumor model was set up to evaluate antitumor effect. Results The results showed that NEAT1 was overexpressed in lung cancer tissues and cancer cell lines. This aberrant expression was closely related with tumor stage and lymph node metastasis. Tumor sample with high CD8+ showed lower NEAT1 expression. In vitro studies displayed that inhibition of NEAT1 with shRNA resulted in suppression of survival and migration/invasion of lung cancer cells. On the other side, NEAT1 was found to promote tumor growth via inhibiting cytotoxic T cell immunity in syngeneic models. Finally, NEAT1 was found to interact with DNMT1, which in turn inhibited P53 and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS/STING) expression. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that NEAT1 interacted with DNMT1 to regulate cytotoxic T cell infiltration in lung cancer via inhibition of cGAS/STING pathway. The results provided the novel mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Yu Lei
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng-Ge Ding
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Hua Luo
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang-Chun Xie
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xian-Ling Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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