151
|
Khow O, Suntrarachun S. Strategies for production of active eukaryotic proteins in bacterial expression system. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:159-62. [PMID: 23569889 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have long been the favorite expression system for recombinant protein production. However, the flaw of the system is that insoluble and inactive proteins are co-produced due to codon bias, protein folding, phosphorylation, glycosylation, mRNA stability and promoter strength. Factors are cited and the methods to convert to soluble and active proteins are described, for example a tight control of Escherichia coli milieu, refolding from inclusion body and through fusion technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orawan Khow
- Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | |
Collapse
|
152
|
Abstract
X-ray crystallography remains the most robust method to determine protein structure at the atomic level. However, the bottlenecks of protein expression and purification often discourage further study. In this chapter, we address the most common problems encountered at these stages. Based on our experiences in expressing and purifying antimicrobial efflux proteins, we explain how a pure and homogenous protein sample can be successfully crystallized by the vapor diffusion method. We present our current protocols and methodologies for this technique. Case studies show step-by-step how we have overcome problems related to expression and diffraction, eventually producing high-quality membrane protein crystals for structural determinations. It is our hope that a rational approach can be made of the often anecdotal process of membrane protein crystallization.
Collapse
|
153
|
Arévalo-Herrera M, Vallejo AF, Rubiano K, Solarte Y, Marin C, Castellanos A, Céspedes N, Herrera S. Recombinant Pvs48/45 antigen expressed in E. coli generates antibodies that block malaria transmission in Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119335. [PMID: 25775466 PMCID: PMC4361554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission of malaria parasites from humans to Anopheles mosquitoes can be inhibited by specific antibodies elicited during malaria infection, which target surface Plasmodium gametocyte/gamete proteins. Some of these proteins may have potential for vaccine development. Pvs48/45 is a P. vivax gametocyte surface antigen orthologous to Pfs48/45, which may play a role during parasite fertilization and thus has potential for transmission blocking (TB) activity. Here we describe the expression of a recombinant Pvs48/45 protein expressed in Escherichia coli as a ∼60kDa construct which we tested for antigenicity using human sera and for its immunogenicity and transmission blocking activity of specific anti-mouse and anti-monkey Pvs48/45 antibodies. The protein reacted with sera of individuals from malaria-endemic areas and in addition induced specific IgG antibody responses in BALB/c mice and Aotus l. griseimembra monkeys. Sera from both immunized animal species recognized native P. vivax protein in Western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence assays. Moreover, sera from immunized mice and monkeys produced significant inhibition of parasite transmission to An. Albimanus mosquitoes as shown by membrane feeding assays. Results indicate the presence of reactive epitopes in the Pvs48/45 recombinant product that induce antibodies with TB activity. Further testing of this protein is ongoing to determine its vaccine potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Arévalo-Herrera
- Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia
- School of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Kelly Rubiano
- Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia
- Caucaseco Scientific Research Center, Cali, Colombia
| | - Yezid Solarte
- School of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | - Nora Céspedes
- Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia
| | - Sócrates Herrera
- Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia
- Caucaseco Scientific Research Center, Cali, Colombia
- Primates Center Foundation, Cali, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Rodrigues JL, Prather KLJ, Kluskens LD, Rodrigues LR. Heterologous production of curcuminoids. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2015; 79:39-60. [PMID: 25631288 PMCID: PMC4402967 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00031-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Curcuminoids, components of the rhizome of turmeric, show several beneficial biological activities, including anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. Despite their numerous pharmaceutically important properties, the low natural abundance of curcuminoids represents a major drawback for their use as therapeutic agents. Therefore, they represent attractive targets for heterologous production and metabolic engineering. The understanding of biosynthesis of curcuminoids in turmeric made remarkable advances in the last decade, and as a result, several efforts to produce them in heterologous organisms have been reported. The artificial biosynthetic pathway (e.g., in Escherichia coli) can start with the supplementation of the amino acid tyrosine or phenylalanine or of carboxylic acids and lead to the production of several natural curcuminoids. Unnatural carboxylic acids can also be supplemented as precursors and lead to the production of unnatural compounds with possibly novel therapeutic properties. In this paper, we review the natural conversion of curcuminoids in turmeric and their production by E. coli using an artificial biosynthetic pathway. We also explore the potential of other enzymes discovered recently or already used in other similar biosynthetic pathways, such as flavonoids and stilbenoids, to increase curcuminoid yield and activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Rodrigues
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal MIT-Portugal Program, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and Lisbon, Portugal
| | - K L J Prather
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA MIT-Portugal Program, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L D Kluskens
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - L R Rodrigues
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal MIT-Portugal Program, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Unzueta U, Vázquez F, Accardi G, Mendoza R, Toledo-Rubio V, Giuliani M, Sannino F, Parrilli E, Abasolo I, Schwartz S, Tutino ML, Villaverde A, Corchero JL, Ferrer-Miralles N. Strategies for the production of difficult-to-express full-length eukaryotic proteins using microbial cell factories: production of human alpha-galactosidase A. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:5863-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
156
|
Pröpster JM, Yang F, Ernst B, Allain FHT, Schubert M. Functional Siglec lectin domains from soluble expression in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 109:14-22. [PMID: 25623398 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are a family of mammalian cell-surface receptors that are involved in cell-cell interactions and signaling functions, primarily expressed on cells of the immune system. Key to their function is their specific binding of distinct sialylated glycan ligands mediated via an N-terminal carbohydrate recognition (lectin) domain. Studies concerning the molecular basis of their individual carbohydrate specificities are rare due to the absence of suitable recombinant expression methods for producing these disulfide-containing proteins in sufficient quantities required for their in-depth in vitro characterization. We established an efficient E. coli-based expression and purification method for Siglec lectin domains, utilizing the trxB gor suppressor strain Rosetta-gami B (DE3) in which proper folding with intact disulfide bonds was achieved in the cytoplasm. The approach is demonstrated for human Siglec-7, -8 and -9 lectin domains and works equally well for expression in nutrient-rich (LB) or minimal growth medium, allowing stable-isotope labeling for NMR studies. The recombinant proteins were properly folded as proven by 2D (1)H-(15)N HSQC NMR spectroscopy and by thermal unfolding followed by CD spectroscopy, and functionally active as confirmed by monitoring ligand binding using NMR titration experiments. Our method enables efficient production of homogeneous and active protein samples in milligram quantities. Its implementation will significantly enhance future structure-function studies of this important class of immune-modulating receptors and will support a variety of applications including screening for natural and synthetic ligands or the development of fluorescently-labeled molecular tools for glycan ligand detection or flow-cytometric cell sorting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M Pröpster
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, CA 90095, USA(1)
| | - Beat Ernst
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric H-T Allain
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Mario Schubert
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria(1).
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Liu H, Dong X, Sun Y. Enhanced protein adsorption and facilitated refolding of like-charged protein with highly charged silica nanoparticles fabricated by sequential double modifications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:655-658. [PMID: 25562583 DOI: 10.1021/la5040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) were sequentially modified with poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) and 2-diethylaminoethyl chloride (DEAE) to prepare a series of positively charged SNPs-PEI and SNPs-PEI-DEAE. The sequential double-modification strategy produced a charge density as high as 1740 μmol/g (4524 μmol/mL), which offered a very high adsorption capacity for bovine serum albumin (314 mg/g). Most importantly, the highly charged SNPs-PEI and SNPs-PEI-DEAE could efficiently facilitate the refolding of like-charged protein at extremely low utilization. For instance, in the refolding of 1 mg/mL lysozyme, the refolding yield reached 75% with only 3.3 μL/mL SNPs-PEI-DEAE. The bead consumption was reduced by nearly 96% as compared to that of the charged microspheres used previously to reach a similar yield. The results proved that the polyelectrolyte-modified SNPs were promising for applications in facilitating like-charged protein refolding, and the research opened up a new way for biotechnology applications of highly charged nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Liu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
158
|
Arya R, Sabir JSM, Bora RS, Saini KS. Optimization of culture parameters and novel strategies to improve protein solubility. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1258:45-63. [PMID: 25447858 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2205-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The production of recombinant proteins, in soluble form in a prokaryotic expression system, still remains a challenge for the biotechnologist. Innovative strategies have been developed to improve protein solubility in various protein overexpressing hosts. In this chapter, we would focus on methods currently available and amenable to "desired modifications," such as (a) the use of molecular chaperones; (b) the optimization of culture conditions; (c) the reengineering of a variety of host strains and vectors with affinity tags; and (d) optimal promoter strengths. All these parameters are evaluated with the primary objective of increasing the solubilization of recombinant protein(s) during overexpression in Escherichia coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Arya
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
159
|
Sehnert B, Burkhardt H, Dübel S, Voll RE. The "sneaking-ligand" approach: cell-type specific inhibition of the classical NF-κB pathway. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1280:559-78. [PMID: 25736772 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2422-6_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular delivery of molecules across the plasma membrane represents a major obstacle. The conjugation of cell-permeable peptides (CPPs) to proteins promotes the uptake and internalization. However, uptake of CPPs is receptor independent and not cell-type specific. Recently, we established the "sneaking-ligand" approach which is based on multimodular recombinant fusion proteins that consist of three modules connected with serine-glycine linkers. Module one is responsible for receptor-mediated endocytosis; module two supports translocation into the cytoplasm so that the effector module three can interact with its binding partner in the cytoplasm. For NF-κB inhibition, we described an NF-κB inhibitor that targets selectively the activated endothelium via an oligopeptide motif. Upon E-selectin-mediated endocytosis, the Pseudomonas exotoxin A domain II (ETAII) translocates the NEMO-binding peptide to the cytoplasm interfering with IκB kinase complex assembly. Inflammatory autoimmune diseases are triggered, but also resolved by a variety of cell types. Therefore, the inhibition of NF-κB should be restricted to those cells that are crucially involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. A general blockade of NF-κB may result in severe immunosuppression and possibly in organ dysfunction or damage. The "sneaking-ligand" approach could minimize the risks of therapeutic interventions and identify disease-relevant cell types. Here we describe the recombinant expression and purification of the E-selectin-specific "sneaking-ligand construct" (SLC1) and its ability to inhibit cytokine-induced NF-κB activation in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Sehnert
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Centre and University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Street 55, Freiburg, 79106, Germany,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
160
|
Ferrer-Miralles N, Saccardo P, Corchero JL, Xu Z, García-Fruitós E. General introduction: recombinant protein production and purification of insoluble proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1258:1-24. [PMID: 25447856 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2205-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are synthesized in heterologous systems because of the impossibility to obtain satisfactory yields from natural sources. The production of soluble and functional recombinant proteins is among the main goals in the biotechnological field. In this context, it is important to point out that under stress conditions, protein folding machinery is saturated and this promotes protein misfolding and, consequently, protein aggregation. Thus, the selection of the optimal expression organism and the most appropriate growth conditions to minimize the formation of insoluble proteins should be done according to the protein characteristics and downstream requirements. Escherichia coli is the most popular recombinant protein expression system despite the great development achieved so far by eukaryotic expression systems. Besides, other prokaryotic expression systems, such as lactic acid bacteria and psychrophilic bacteria, are gaining interest in this field. However, it is worth mentioning that prokaryotic expression system poses, in many cases, severe restrictions for a successful heterologous protein production. Thus, eukaryotic systems such as mammalian cells, insect cells, yeast, filamentous fungus, and microalgae are an interesting alternative for the production of these difficult-to-express proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
161
|
Boonyuen U, Promnares K, Junkree S, Day NPJ, Imwong M. Efficient in vitro refolding and functional characterization of recombinant human liver carboxylesterase (CES1) expressed in E. coli. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 107:68-75. [PMID: 25462813 PMCID: PMC4294421 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Expression of recombinant human carboxylesterase I in E.coli is mainly insoluble. Refolding using a combination of 1% glycerol and 2 mM β-mercaptoethanol in Tris–HCl, pH 7.5 significantly improved solubility. Purified recombinant human CES1 is functionally active and stable. We provided efficient method to produce large amount and catalytically active CES1.
Human liver carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) plays a critical role in the hydrolysis of various ester- and amide-containing molecules, including active metabolites, drugs and prodrugs. However, it has been problematic to express recombinant CES1 in bacterial expression systems due to low solubility, with the CES1 protein being mainly expressed in inclusion bodies, accompanied by insufficient purity issues. In this study, we report an efficient in vitro method for refolding recombinant CES1 from inclusion bodies. A one-step purification with an immobilized-metal affinity column was utilized to purify His-tagged recombinant CES1. Conveniently, both denaturant and imidazole can be removed while the enzyme is refolded via buffer exchange, a dilution method. We show that the refolding of recombinant CES1 was successful in Tris–HCl at pH 7.5 containing a combination of 1% glycerol and 2 mM β-mercaptoethanol, whereas a mixture of other additives (trehalose, sorbitol and sucrose) and β-mercaptoethanol failed to recover a functional protein. His-tagged recombinant CES1 retains its biological activity after refolding and can be used directly without removing the fusion tag. Altogether, our results provide an alternative method for obtaining a substantial amount of functionally active protein, which is advantageous for further investigations such as structural and functional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Usa Boonyuen
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Kamoltip Promnares
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkla 90112, Thailand.
| | - Suwapat Junkree
- Central Equipment Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Nichloas P J Day
- Mahidol Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Mallika Imwong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Ren H, Zhan Y, Fang X, Yu D. Enhanced catalytic activity and thermal stability of 2,4-dichlorophenol hydroxylase by using microwave irradiation and imidazolium ionic liquid for 2,4-dichlorophenol removal. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10637g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
163
|
Wang D, Zhang J, Liu Z, Chen Y, Xu C, Zhang Z, Liu X, Wu L, Zhou X, Meng X, Li H, Liu H, Jiang Z, Wang T. Functional expression, characterization and application of the human S100A4 protein. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:175-81. [PMID: 25339497 PMCID: PMC4237081 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparations utilizing monoclonal antibodies against S100A4 provide useful tools for functional studies to investigate the clinical applications of the human S100A4 protein. In the present study, human S100A4 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21 (DE3), successfully purified by diethylaminoethyl cellulose anion-exchange chromatography and identified by western blot analysis. Soluble S100A4 bioactivity was confirmed by Transwell migration and invasion assays in the human HeLa cell line. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated utilizing the standard hybridoma method and were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis. The antibody was then used to examine human gastric carcinoma specimens by immunohistochemistry. Recombinant S100A4 was functionally expressed in E. coli and promoted the migration and invasion of HeLa cells. Four hybridoma cell lines, which secreted mAbs specifically against human S100A4 protein, were obtained. One of the four mAbs, namely 2A12D10B2, recognized human S100A4 as indicated by immunohistochemical staining of human gastric carcinoma specimens and recombinant S100A4 was functionally expressed in E. coli. The mAbs of recombinant S100A4 were suitable for detecting S100A4 expression in human tissues and for investigating the subsequent clinical applications of the protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Degang Wang
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Ziquan Liu
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Yunyun Chen
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Chuanxiang Xu
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Xuesi Zhou
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyan Meng
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Hua Li
- Endoscopy Division, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and City Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Center, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Zifeng Jiang
- Division of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Tianhui Wang
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Human paraoxonase 1 as a pharmacologic agent: limitations and perspectives. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:854391. [PMID: 25386619 PMCID: PMC4217237 DOI: 10.1155/2014/854391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human PON1 (h-PON1) is a multifaceted enzyme and can hydrolyze (and inactivate) a wide range of substrates. The enzyme shows anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiatherogenic, ant-diabetic, antimicrobial, and organophosphate (OP)-detoxifying properties. However, there are certain limitations regarding large-scale production and use of h-PON1 as a therapeutic candidate. These include difficulties in producing recombinant h-PON1 (rh-PON1) using microbial expression system, low hydrolytic activity of wild-type h-PON1 towards certain substrates, and low storage stability of the purified enzyme. This review summarizes the work done in our laboratory to address these limitations. Our results show that (a) optimized polynucleotide sequence encoding rh-PON1 can express the protein in an active form in E. coli and can be used to generate variant of the enzyme having enhanced hydrolytic activity, (b) in vitro refolding of rh-PON1 enzyme can dramatically increase the yield of an active enzyme, (c) common excipients can be used to stabilize purified rh-PON1 enzyme when stored under different storage conditions, and (d) variants of rh-PON1 enzyme impart significant protection against OP-poisoning in human blood (ex vivo) and mouse (in vivo) model of OP-poisoning. The rh-PON1 variants and their process of production discussed here will help to develop h-PON1 as a therapeutic candidate.
Collapse
|
165
|
Faiq MA, Ali M, Dada T, Dada R, Saluja D. A novel methodology for enhanced and consistent heterologous expression of unmodified human cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1). PLoS One 2014; 9:e110473. [PMID: 25329831 PMCID: PMC4199734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is a universal cancer marker and is implicated in many other disorders. Mutations in CYP1B1 are also associated with childhood blindness due to primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). To understand the CYP1B1 mediated etiopathology of PCG and pathomechanism of various cancers, it is important to carry out its functional studies. Heterologous expression of CYP1B1 in prokaryotes is imperative because bacteria yield a higher amount of heterologous proteins in lesser time and so the expressed protein is ideal for functional studies. In such expression system there is no interference by other eukaryotic proteins. But the story is not that simple as expression of heterologous CYP1B1 poses many technical difficulties. Investigators have employed various modifications/deletions of CYP N-terminus to improve CYP1B1 expression. However, the drawback of these studies is that it changes the original protein and, as a result, invalidates functional studies. The present study examines the role of various conditions and reagents in successful and consistent expression of sufficient quantities of unmodified/native human CYP1B1 in E. coli. We aimed at expressing CYP1B1 in various strains of E. coli and in the course developed a protocol that results in high expression of unmodified protein sufficient for functional/biophysical studies. We examined CYP1B1 expression with respect to different expression vectors, bacterial strains, types of culture media, time, Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside concentrations, temperatures, rotations per minute, conditioning reagents and the efficacy of a newly described technique called double colony selection. We report a protocol that is simple, easy and can be carried out in any laboratory without the requirement of a fermentor. Though employed for CYP1B1 expression, this protocol can ideally be used to express any eukaryotic membrane protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb A. Faiq
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, India
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India
| | - Mashook Ali
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, India
| | - Tanuj Dada
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India
| | - Daman Saluja
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Jiang P, Wang K, Gao J, Zheng X, Feng J, Ma W, Yan Y, Li X. High-level expression of LMW-GS and α-gliadin genes promoted by the expressed tag sequence of 5' end in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 105:54-60. [PMID: 25281897 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Wheat storage protein genes, especially low molecular weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) and gliadin genes are difficult to be expressed in Escherichiacoli, mainly due to the presence of highly repetitive sequences. In order to establish a high efficiency expression system for these genes, five different expression plasmids combining with 9 genes, viz. 6 LMW-GS and 3 α-gliadin genes isolated from common wheat and related species, were studied for heterologous expression in E. coli. In this study, when an expressed tag sequence encoding signal peptide, His-S or GST-tag was fused to the 5' end of LMW-GS or gliadin gene as the leading sequence, all recombination genes could be stably expressed at a high level. On the contrast, as expected, the inserted genes encoding mature protein failed without an expressed tag sequence. This result indicated that using expressed tag sequences as leading sequences could promote LMW-GS and gliadin genes to be well expressed in E. coli. Further transcriptional analysis by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed transcription levels of recombination genes (e.g. GST-Glutenin, His-S-Glutenin and SP(∗)-His-Glutenin) were 4-fold to 33-fold higher than those of the LMW-GS genes, which suggested these expressed tag sequences might play an important role in stimulating transcription. The possible molecular mechanism under this phenomenon was discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiansheng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoran Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wujun Ma
- School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, Murdoch University and Australian Export Grains Innovation Centre, Perth, Australia
| | - Yueming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Baeshen NA, Baeshen MN, Sheikh A, Bora RS, Ahmed MMM, Ramadan HAI, Saini KS, Redwan EM. Cell factories for insulin production. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:141. [PMID: 25270715 PMCID: PMC4203937 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-014-0141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in the number of diabetic patients globally and exploration of alternate insulin delivery methods such as inhalation or oral route that rely on higher doses, is bound to escalate the demand for recombinant insulin in near future. Current manufacturing technologies would be unable to meet the growing demand of affordable insulin due to limitation in production capacity and high production cost. Manufacturing of therapeutic recombinant proteins require an appropriate host organism with efficient machinery for posttranslational modifications and protein refolding. Recombinant human insulin has been produced predominantly using E. coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for therapeutic use in human. We would focus in this review, on various approaches that can be exploited to increase the production of a biologically active insulin and its analogues in E. coli and yeast. Transgenic plants are also very attractive expression system, which can be exploited to produce insulin in large quantities for therapeutic use in human. Plant-based expression system hold tremendous potential for high-capacity production of insulin in very cost-effective manner. Very high level of expression of biologically active proinsulin in seeds or leaves with long-term stability, offers a low-cost technology for both injectable as well as oral delivery of proinsulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabih A Baeshen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed N Baeshen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah Sheikh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Roop S Bora
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Morsi M Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia. .,Nucleic Acids Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Hassan A I Ramadan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia. .,Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, Tahrir St. Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt.
| | - Kulvinder Singh Saini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia. .,Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Applied Technology, New Borg AL-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Castellanos-Mendoza A, Castro-Acosta RM, Olvera A, Zavala G, Mendoza-Vera M, García-Hernández E, Alagón A, Trujillo-Roldán MA, Valdez-Cruz NA. Influence of pH control in the formation of inclusion bodies during production of recombinant sphingomyelinase-D in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:137. [PMID: 25213001 PMCID: PMC4177172 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-014-0137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inclusion bodies (IBs) are aggregated proteins that form clusters when protein is overexpressed in heterologous expression systems. IBs have been considered as non-usable proteins, but recently they are being used as functional materials, catalytic particles, drug delivery agents, immunogenic structures, and as a raw material in recombinant therapeutic protein purification. However, few studies have been made to understand how culture conditions affect the protein aggregation and the physicochemical characteristics that lead them to cluster. The objective of our research was to understand how pH affects the physicochemical properties of IBs formed by the recombinant sphingomyelinase-D of tick expressed in E. coli BL21-Gold (DE3) by evaluating two pH culture strategies. RESULTS Uncontrolled pH culture conditions favored recombinant sphingomyelinase-D aggregation and IB formation. The IBs of sphingomyelinase-D produced under controlled pH at 7.5 and after 24 h were smaller (<500 nm) than those produced under uncontrolled pH conditions (>500 nm). Furthermore, the composition, conformation and β-structure formation of the aggregates were different. Under controlled pH conditions in comparison to uncontrolled conditions, the produced IBs presented higher resistance to denaturants and proteinase-K degradation, presented β-structure, but apparently as time passes the IBs become compacted and less sensitive to amyloid dye binding. CONCLUSIONS The manipulation of the pH has an impact on IB formation and their physicochemical characteristics. Particularly, uncontrolled pH conditions favored the protein aggregation and sphingomyelinase-D IB formation. The evidence may lead to find methodologies for bioprocesses to obtain biomaterials with particular characteristics, extending the application possibilities of the inclusion bodies.
Collapse
|
169
|
Effective control of Salmonella infections by employing combinations of recombinant antimicrobial human β-defensins hBD-1 and hBD-2. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:6896-903. [PMID: 25199778 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03628-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We successfully produced two human β-defensins (hBD-1 and hBD-2) in bacteria as functional peptides and tested their antibacterial activities against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus employing both spectroscopic and viable CFU count methods. Purified peptides showed approximately 50% inhibition of the bacterial population when used individually and up to 90% when used in combination. The 50% lethal doses (LD50) of hBD-1 against S. Typhi, E. coli, and S. aureus were 0.36, 0.40, and 0.69 μg/μl, respectively, while those for hBD-2 against the same bacteria were 0.38, 0.36, and 0.66 μg/μl, respectively. Moreover, we observed that bacterium-derived antimicrobial peptides were also effective in increasing survival time and decreasing bacterial loads in the peritoneal fluid, liver, and spleen of a mouse intraperitoneally infected with S. Typhi. The 1:1 hBD-1/hBD-2 combination showed maximum effectiveness in challenging the Salmonella infection in vitro and in vivo. We also observed less tissue damage and sepsis formation in the livers of infected mice after treatment with hBD-1 and hBD-2 peptides individually or in combination. Based on these findings, we conclude that bacterium-derived recombinant β-defensins (hBD-1 and hBD-2) are promising antimicrobial peptide (AMP)-based substances for the development of new therapeutics against typhoid fever.
Collapse
|
170
|
The selective roles of chaperone systems on over-expression of human-like collagen in recombinant Escherichia coli. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 41:1667-75. [PMID: 25168680 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Human-like collagen (HLC) is a novel biomedical material with promising applications. Usually, insoluble HLC was formed due to over-expression. In order to improve the production of soluble HLC, the effective chaperone proteins and their mediation roles on HLC were clarified. Trigger factor (TF) pathway with low specificity and high binding affinity to nascent chains could increase soluble HLC expression; GroEL-GroES could increase the expression level of HLC by assisting the correct folding of HLC and increase mRNA level of the gene coding for HLC by enhancing mRNA stability. DnaK chaperone system did not work positively on soluble HLC due to the unbalanced ratio of DnaK:DnaJ:GrpE, especially too high GrpE significantly inhibited DnaK-mediated refolding. The production of soluble HLC with co-expression of exogenous TF and GroEL-GroES was increased by 35.3 % in comparison with the highest value 0.26 g/L reported previously.
Collapse
|
171
|
He Y, Wang K, Yan N. The recombinant expression systems for structure determination of eukaryotic membrane proteins. Protein Cell 2014; 5:658-72. [PMID: 25119489 PMCID: PMC4145085 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-014-0086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic membrane proteins, many of which are key players in various biological processes, constitute more than half of the drug targets and represent important candidates for structural studies. In contrast to their physiological significance, only very limited number of eukaryotic membrane protein structures have been obtained due to the technical challenges in the generation of recombinant proteins. In this review, we examine the major recombinant expression systems for eukaryotic membrane proteins and compare their relative advantages and disadvantages. We also attempted to summarize the recent technical strategies in the advancement of eukaryotic membrane protein purification and crystallization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua university, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
172
|
Tomasiak TM, Pedersen BP, Chaudhary S, Rodriguez A, Colmanares YR, Roe-Zurz Z, Thamminana S, Tessema M, Stroud RM. General qPCR and Plate Reader Methods for Rapid Optimization of Membrane Protein Purification and Crystallization Using Thermostability Assays. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN PROTEIN SCIENCE 2014; 77:29.11.1-29.11.14. [PMID: 25081745 PMCID: PMC4672949 DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps2911s77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This unit describes rapid and generally applicable methods to identify conditions that stabilize membrane proteins using temperature-based denaturation measurements as a proxy for target time-dependent stability. Recent developments with thiol-reactive dyes sensitive to the unmasking of cysteine residues upon protein unfolding have allowed for routine application of thermostability assays to systematically evaluate the stability of membrane protein preparations after various purification procedures. Test conditions can include different lipid cocktails, lipid-detergent micelles, pH, salts, osmolytes, and potential active-site ligands. Identification and use of conditions that stabilize the structure have proven successful in enabling the structure determination of numerous families of membrane proteins that otherwise were intractable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Tomasiak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Bjørn P Pedersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sarika Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Andrew Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yaneth Robles Colmanares
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Zygy Roe-Zurz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sobha Thamminana
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Meseret Tessema
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert M Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Belvitch P, Adyshev D, Elangovan VR, Brown ME, Naureckas C, Rizzo AN, Siegler JH, Garcia JGN, Dudek SM. Proline-rich region of non-muscle myosin light chain kinase modulates kinase activity and endothelial cytoskeletal dynamics. Microvasc Res 2014; 95:94-102. [PMID: 25072537 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the pulmonary endothelial barrier and subsequent vascular leak is a hallmark of acute lung injury. Dynamic rearrangements in the endothelial cell (EC) peripheral membrane and underlying cytoskeleton are critical determinants of barrier function. The cytoskeletal effector protein non-muscle myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK) and the actin-binding regulatory protein cortactin are important regulators of the endothelial barrier. In the present study we functionally characterize a proline-rich region of nmMLCK previously identified as the possible site of interaction between nmMLCK and cortactin. A mutant nmMLCK construct deficient in proline residues at the putative sites of cortactin binding (amino acids 973, 976, 1019, 1022) was generated. Co-immunoprecipitation studies in human lung EC transfected with wild-type or mutant nmMLCK demonstrated similar levels of cortactin interaction at baseline and after stimulation with the barrier-enhancing agonist, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). In contrast, binding studies utilizing recombinant nmMLCK fragments containing the wild-type or proline-deficient sequence demonstrated a two-fold increase in cortactin binding (p<0.01) to the mutant construct. Immunofluorescent microscopy revealed an increased stress fiber density in ECs expressing GFP-labeled mutant nmMLCK at baseline (p=0.02) and after thrombin (p=0.01) or S1P (p=0.02) when compared to wild-type. Mutant nmMLCK demonstrated an increase in kinase activity in response to thrombin (p<0.01). Kymographic analysis demonstrated an increased EC membrane retraction distance and velocity (p<0.01) in response to the barrier disrupting agent thrombin in cells expressing the mutant vs. the wild-type nmMLCK construct. These results provide evidence that critical prolines within nmMLCK (amino acids 973, 976, 1019, 1022) regulate cytoskeletal and membrane events associated with pulmonary endothelial barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Belvitch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Science System, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Djanybek Adyshev
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Science System, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Venkateswaran R Elangovan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Science System, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mary E Brown
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Science System, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Caitlin Naureckas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Science System, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alicia N Rizzo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Science System, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jessica H Siegler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Science System, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Science System, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Su E, Xu J, Wu X. High-level soluble expression ofSerratia marcescensH30 lipase inEscherichia coli. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 62:79-86. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erzheng Su
- Enzyme and Fermentation Technology Laboratory; College of Light Industry Science and Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; New World Institute of Biotechnology; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; New World Institute of Biotechnology; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Osadská M, Boňková H, Krahulec J, Stuchlík S, Turňa J. Optimization of expression of untagged and histidine-tagged human recombinant thrombin precursors in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:9259-70. [PMID: 24878753 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study is focused on preparation of proper Escherichia coli expression system to ensure high yields of various modified precursors of human recombinant thrombin, a potential biopharmaceutical reagent. Two thrombin precursors, the smallest single-chain α-thrombin precursor prethrombin-2 and its shortened form prethrombin-2∆13, and their His-tagged forms were used. In order to determine the effect of the different lengths and amino acid compositions of affinity His-tag on the target protein expression level, a variety of the His-tag sequences were used. We found out that the protein expression efficiency was closely related to the codons used for encoding of amino acids of fusion histidine tag. Optimization of culture medium composition is another way to increase yield of the target protein. Suitable medium composition can ensure cell growth to high densities which is related to total yield of expressed protein. In this study, a new optimized complex medium for batch fermentation was developed. Addition of nutrients like a yeast extract and enzymatic casein hydrolysate to the defined medium components had a positive impact on protein expression, where relatively high expression level of the target protein from total amount of cellular proteins was achieved. Further, we have focused on trace element solution composition, and the optimized nickel and selenium concentrations were determined. Our results show that the composition of essential trace metal solution has a major impact not only on expression level, but it can also affect cell growth rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Osadská
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 842 15, Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
176
|
Porowińska D, Czarnecka J, Komoszyński M. Chaperones are necessary for the expression of catalytically active potato apyrases in prokaryotic cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 173:1349-59. [PMID: 24801402 PMCID: PMC4082312 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NTPDases (nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases) (also called in plants apyrases) hydrolyze nucleoside 5'-tri- and/or diphosphate bonds producing nucleosides di or monophosphate and inorganic phosphate. For years, studies have been carried out to use both plant and animal enzymes for medicine. Therefore, there is a need to develop an efficient method for the quick production of large amounts of homogeneous proteins with high catalytic activity. Expression of proteins in prokaryotic cells is the most common way for the protein production. The aim of our study was to develop a method of expression of potato apyrase (StAPY4, 5, and 6) genes in bacterial cells under conditions that allowed the production of catalytically active form of these enzymes. Apyrase 4 and 6 were overexpressed in BL21-CodonPlus (DE3) bacteria strain but they were accumulated in inclusion bodies, regardless of the culture conditions and induction method. Co-expression of potato apyrases with molecular chaperones allowed the expression of catalytically active apyrase 5. However, its high nucleotidase activity could be toxic for bacteria and is therefore synthesized in small amounts in cells. Our studies show that each protein requires other conditions for maturation and even small differences in amino acid sequence can essentially affect protein folding regardless of presence of chaperones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Porowińska
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
177
|
Integrative refolding and purification of histidine-tagged protein by like-charge facilitated refolding and metal-chelate affinity adsorption. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1344:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
178
|
Rosano GL, Ceccarelli EA. Recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli: advances and challenges. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:172. [PMID: 24860555 PMCID: PMC4029002 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1299] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the organisms of choice for the production of recombinant proteins. Its use as a cell factory is well-established and it has become the most popular expression platform. For this reason, there are many molecular tools and protocols at hand for the high-level production of heterologous proteins, such as a vast catalog of expression plasmids, a great number of engineered strains and many cultivation strategies. We review the different approaches for the synthesis of recombinant proteins in E. coli and discuss recent progress in this ever-growing field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Germán L Rosano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Rosario, Argentina ; Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Rosario, Argentina
| | - Eduardo A Ceccarelli
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Rosario, Argentina ; Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Rosario, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
An improved method and cost effective strategy for soluble expression and purification of human N-myristoyltransferase 1 in E. coli. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 392:175-86. [PMID: 24668448 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) is an indispensible enzyme, which exists as two isoforms (NMT1 and NMT2) in humans and has proven roles in development of cancerous states. It is thus a target for novel anti-cancer drug design, but understanding of the biochemical and functional differences of these isozymes is not fully deciphered. A soluble expression under the T7 promoter for human NMT1 was achieved in E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells, devoid of any isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside-based induction. The identity of expressed protein was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry peptide-fingerprint analysis and a two-step purification protocol yielded homogeneous enzyme. The intact mass of the purified protein was verified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and found to be in agreement with the theoretical mass (48.141 vs. 48.140 kDa). The fluorescence spectrophotometric analyses of the ligand binding and enzyme activity demonstrated that the recombinant form is functional. The yield of purified protein was ~8-10 mg/L culture (batch to batch variation) with a specific activity value of 18,500 ± 513 U/mg of protein under the experimental conditions used. The final verification of the myristoylation was demonstrated by mass spectrometry analysis of reaction product. The described approach could be readily adapted for production of human NMT1, with high yields of pure enzyme preparations, which should aid in downstream applications involving inhibitor design and structure-function studies of NMT's.
Collapse
|
180
|
Zheng X, Dong S, Zheng J, Li D, Li F, Luo Z. Expression, stabilization and purification of membrane proteins via diverse protein synthesis systems and detergents involving cell-free associated with self-assembly peptide surfactants. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:564-74. [PMID: 24566241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in regulating most of physiological actions and metabolism in the bodies, which have become most frequently addressed therapeutic targets for various disorders and diseases. Purified GPCR-based drug discoveries have become routine that approaches to structural study, novel biophysical and biochemical function analyses. However, several bottlenecks that GPCR-directed drugs need to conquer the problems including overexpression, solubilization, and purification as well as stabilization. The breakthroughs are to obtain efficient protein yield and stabilize their functional conformation which are both urgently requiring of effective protein synthesis system methods and optimal surfactants. Cell-free protein synthesis system is superior to the high yields and post-translation modifications, and early signs of self-assembly peptide detergents also emerged to superiority in purification of membrane proteins. We herein focus several predominant protein synthesis systems and surfactants involving the novel peptide detergents, and uncover the advantages of cell-free protein synthesis system with self-assembling peptide detergents in purification of functional GPCRs. This review is useful to further study in membrane proteins as well as the new drug exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Dong
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- College of laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Duanhua Li
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Li
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongli Luo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Zarei Jaliani H, Farajnia S, Safdari Y, Mohammadi SA, Barzegar A, Talebi S. Optimized condition for enhanced soluble-expression of recombinant mutant anabaena variabilis phenylalanine ammonia lyase. Adv Pharm Bull 2014; 4:261-6. [PMID: 24754010 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2014.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently discovered Anabaena variabilis phenylalanine ammonia lyase (AvPAL) proved to be a good candidate for enzyme replacement therapy of phenylketonuria. Outstanding stability properties of a mutant version of this enzyme, produced already in our laboratory, have led us to the idea of culture conditions optimization for soluble expression of this therapeutically valuable enzyme in E. coli. METHODS In the present study, the gene encoding mutant version of AvPAL was cloned into the pET28a expression vector. Different concentrations of IPTG, induction period, growth temperature, shaking speed, as well as different types of culture media were examined with respect to the amount of recombinant protein produced and specific activity of the enzyme. RESULTS Based upon our findings, maximum amount of active mutant enzyme was attained by addition of 0.5 mM IPTG at 150 rpm to the TB culture media. The yield of active enzyme at cluture tempreature of 25 °C and induction period of 18 hour was the highest. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicated that the yield of mutant AvPAL production in E. coli can be affected mainly by culture temperature and inducer concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Zarei Jaliani
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences /Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Safar Farajnia
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Safdari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Abolfazl Barzegar
- Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences (RIFS), University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Talebi
- Department of Antigen and Antibody Engineering Research, Monoclonal Antibody Research Center (MARC), Avicenna Research Institute (ARI), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Mechanistic study of CuZn-SOD from Ipomoea carnea mutated at dimer interface: Enhancement of peroxidase activity upon monomerization. Biochimie 2014; 97:181-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
183
|
Dirisala VR, Jeevan A, Ly LH, McMurray DN. Prokaryotic expression and in vitro functional analysis of IL-1β and MCP-1 from guinea pig. Mol Biotechnol 2013; 54:312-9. [PMID: 22744745 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-012-9574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) is an excellent animal model for studying human tuberculosis (TB) and also for a number of other infectious and non-infectious diseases. One of the major roadblocks in effective utilization of this animal model is the lack of readily available immunological reagents. In order to address this issue, guinea pig interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were efficiently cloned and expressed in a prokaryotic expression vector, and the expressed proteins in soluble form from both the genes were confirmed by N-terminal sequencing. The biological activity of recombinant guinea pig IL-1β was demonstrated by its ability to drive proliferation in thymocytes, and the recombinant guinea pig MCP-1 exhibited chemotactic activity for guinea pig resident peritoneal macrophages. These biologically active recombinant guinea pig proteins will facilitate an in-depth understanding of the role they play in the immune responses of the guinea pig to TB and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya R Dirisala
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
184
|
Xiao X, Tang C, Fang Y, Yang M, Zhou B, Qi J, Zhang Y. Structure and expression profile of the sucrose synthase gene family in the rubber tree: indicative of roles in stress response and sucrose utilization in the laticifers. FEBS J 2013; 281:291-305. [PMID: 24279382 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose synthase (Sus, EC 2.4.1.13) is widely recognized as a key enzyme in sucrose metabolism in plants. However, nothing is known about this gene family in Hevea brasiliensis (para rubber tree). Here, we identified six Sus genes in H. brasiliensis that comprise the entire Sus family in this species. Analysis of the gene structure and phylogeny of the Sus genes demonstrates evolutionary conservation in the Sus families across Hevea and other plant species. The expression of Sus genes was investigated via Solexa sequencing and quantitative PCR in various tissues, at various phases of leaf development, and under abiotic stresses and ethylene treatment. The Sus genes exhibited distinct but partially redundant expression profiles. Each tissue has one abundant Sus isoform, with HbSus3, 4 and 5 being the predominant isoforms in latex (cytoplasm of rubber-producing laticifers), bark and root, respectively. HbSus1 and 6 were barely expressed in any tissue examined. In mature leaves (source), all HbSus genes were expressed at low levels, but HbSus3 and 4 were abundantly expressed in immature leaves (sink). Low temperature and drought treatments conspicuously induced HbSus5 expression in root and leaf, suggesting a role in stress responses. HbSus2 and 3 transcripts were decreased by ethylene treatment, consistent with the reduced sucrose-synthesizing activity of Sus enzymes in the latex in response to ethylene stimulation. Our results are beneficial to further determination of functions for the Sus genes in Hevea trees, especially roles in regulating latex regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Xiao
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, China; College of Agronomy, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
185
|
Bruni R, Kloss B. High-throughput cloning and expression of integral membrane proteins in Escherichia coli. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN PROTEIN SCIENCE 2013; 74:29.6.1-29.6.34. [PMID: 24510647 PMCID: PMC3920300 DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps2906s74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several structural genomics centers have been established and a remarkable number of three-dimensional structures of soluble proteins have been solved. For membrane proteins, the number of structures solved has been significantly trailing those for their soluble counterparts, not least because over-expression and purification of membrane proteins is a much more arduous process. By using high-throughput technologies, a large number of membrane protein targets can be screened simultaneously and a greater number of expression and purification conditions can be employed, leading to a higher probability of successfully determining the structure of membrane proteins. This unit describes the cloning, expression, and screening of membrane proteins using high-throughput methodologies developed in the laboratory. Basic Protocol 1 describes cloning of inserts into expression vectors by ligation-independent cloning. Basic Protocol 2 describes the expression and purification of the target proteins on a miniscale. Lastly, for the targets that do express on the miniscale, Basic Protocols 3 and 4 outline the methods employed for the expression and purification of targets on a midi-scale, as well as a procedure for detergent screening and identification of detergent(s) in which the target protein is stable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Bruni
- New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure (NYCOMPS), New York Structural Biology Center (NYSBC), New York
| | - Brian Kloss
- New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure (NYCOMPS), New York Structural Biology Center (NYSBC), New York
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
The molecular basis of the specificity and cross-reactivity of the NeuN epitope of the neuron-specific splicing regulator, Rbfox3. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 141:43-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
187
|
Salazar MA, Fernando LP, Baig F, Harcum SW. The effects of protein solubility on the RNA Integrity Number (RIN) for recombinant Escherichia coli. Biochem Eng J 2013; 79:129-135. [PMID: 24151430 PMCID: PMC3799817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High quality, intact messenger RNA (mRNA) is required for DNA microarray and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis and is generally obtained from total RNA isolations. The most widely recognized measure of RNA integrity is the RNA Integrity Number (RIN) obtained from the Agilent Bioanalyzer, as it provides sizing, quantification, and quality control measures. This work describes comparisons of the RIN values obtained for recombinant E. coli. Uninduced recombinant E. coli cultures were examined, as well as induced cultures that produced either a soluble or insoluble recombinant protein. The uninduced cultures and the induced cultures producing soluble protein had higher RIN values than the induced cultures producing insoluble protein. These lower RIN values for E. coli producing the insoluble protein indicate that cellular degradation of the ribosomal RNA species is the likely cause of the lower RIN values. As the use of DNA microarrays and other gene expression tools increase in usage in the industrial recombinant protein production community, these results suggest the need for further studies to determine acceptable RIN ranges for gene expression analysis and effects of various culture conditions on RIN values for recombinant E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Faraz Baig
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University
| | | |
Collapse
|
188
|
Bell MR, Engleka MJ, Malik A, Strickler JE. To fuse or not to fuse: what is your purpose? Protein Sci 2013; 22:1466-77. [PMID: 24038604 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the dawn of time, or at least the dawn of recombinant DNA technology (which for many of today's scientists is the same thing), investigators have been cloning and expressing heterologous proteins in a variety of different cells for a variety of different reasons. These range from cell biological studies looking at protein-protein interactions, post-translational modifications, and regulation, to laboratory-scale production in support of biochemical, biophysical, and structural studies, to large scale production of potential biotherapeutics. In parallel, fusion-tag technology has grown-up to facilitate microscale purification (pull-downs), protein visualization (epitope tags), enhanced expression and solubility (protein partners, e.g., GST, MBP, TRX, and SUMO), and generic purification (e.g., His-tags, streptag, and FLAG™-tag). Frequently, these latter two goals are combined in a single fusion partner. In this review, we examine the most commonly used fusion methodologies from the perspective of the ultimate use of the tagged protein. That is, what are the most commonly used fusion partners for pull-downs, for structural studies, for production of active proteins, or for large-scale purification? What are the advantages and limitations of each? This review is not meant to be exhaustive and the approach undoubtedly reflects the experiences and interests of the authors. For the sake of brevity, we have largely ignored epitope tags although they receive wide use in cell biology for immunopreciptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Bell
- LifeSensors, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania, 19083
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
189
|
High-level expression of glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase from Pseudomonas diminuta NK703 in Escherichia coli by combined optimization strategies. J Biotechnol 2013; 168:607-15. [PMID: 23994688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase (GLA) coding gene was cloned from Pseudomonas diminuta NK703 which was screened from oilfield. The concerted effects of the expression system, inducing condition and culture medium on the expression of NK703 GLA in E. coli were firstly investigated. The best combination was the recombinant E. coli strain of pET-28a+GLA/BL21(DE3) with 2.0% (w/v) lactose inducing in YT medium at 25°C. Then, by optimizing the components of culture medium, a synthetic medium with dextrin and a feeding medium with glycerol as the carbon sources were developed to further enhance the GLA yield and improve the GLA solubility. In the end, the NK703 GLA activity increased about 50-fold, reached 14,470 ± 465 U/L, and the GLA productivity and the proportion of soluble GLA to the total soluble protein attained 206.0 ± 9.033 UL(-1)h(-1) and 60.13%, respectively. Scaling up the GLA production in 3.7 L fermenter under the optimized conditions identified in shake flask, the GLA activity also reached 12,406±521U/L, which was the highest report at fermenter level.
Collapse
|
190
|
de Arruda Coutinho LC, de Jesus ALS, de Paiva Fontes KFL, Coimbra EC, Mariz FC, de Freitas AC, de Cássia Carvalho Maia R, de Castro RS. Production of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) antigen in Pichia pastoris. J Virol Methods 2013; 191:95-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
191
|
Efficient recombinant protein production and secretion from nuclear transgenes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biotechnol 2013; 167:101-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
192
|
Han GJ, Dong XY, Sun Y. Purification effect of artificial chaperone in the refolding of recombinant ribonuclease A from inclusion bodies. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
193
|
Liu Y, Cui W, Fang Y, Yu Y, Cui Y, Xia Y, Kobayashi M, Zhou Z. Strategy for successful expression of the Pseudomonas putida nitrile hydratase activator P14K in Escherichia coli. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:48. [PMID: 23731949 PMCID: PMC3680314 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activators of Nitrile hydratase (NHase) are essential for functional NHase biosynthesis. However, the activator P14K in P. putida is difficult to heterogeneously express, which retards the clarification of the mechanism of P14K involved in the maturation of NHase. Although a strep tag containing P14K (strep-P14K) was over-expressed, its low expression level and low stability affect the further analysis. Results We successfully expressed P14K through genetic modifications according to N-end rule and analyzed the mechanism for its difficult expression. We found that mutation of the second N-terminal amino-acid of the protein from lysine to alanine or truncating the N-terminal 16 amino-acid sequence resulted in successful expression of P14K. Moreover, fusion of a pelB leader and strep tag together (pelB-strep-P14K) at the N-terminus increased P14K expression. In addition, the pelB-strep-P14K was more stable than the strep-P14K. Conclusions Our results are not only useful for clarification of the role of P14K involved in the NHase maturation, but also helpful for heterologous expression of other difficult expression proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Peoples Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
194
|
Koga H, Ishii N, Dainichi T, Tsuruta D, Hamada T, Ohata C, Karashima T, Furumura M, Hashimoto T. An attempt to develop mouse model for anti-laminin γ1 pemphigoid. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 70:108-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
195
|
Expression, purification, and functional characterization of an N-terminal fragment of the tomato mosaic virus resistance protein Tm-1. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 89:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
196
|
Li C, Chen Z, Meng C, Li L, Liu G. High yield expression of duck hepatitis A virus VP1 protein in Escherichia coli, and production and characterization of polyclonal antibody. J Virol Methods 2013; 191:69-75. [PMID: 23583731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
VP1 protein, the capsid protein of duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), contains critical epitopes for inducing a protective immune response. Due to its low-level expression in Escherichia coli (E. coli), the function of this protein is poorly characterized. In this study, a codon-optimized VP1 gene was chemically synthesized in terms of the codon usage bias in E. coli and subcloned into pET32a (+) to increase its expression. The recombinant VP1 fusion protein was purified from inclusion body by Ni(2+) affinity chromatography His-Bind Resin and used to raise the rabbit anti-DHAV-VP1 polyclonal antibody. The expression of the codon-optimized VP1 gene in E. coli was significantly increased when compared to the wild-type VP1 gene, having an at least 17-fold increase. Western blot analysis showed that the recombinant protein was recognized by the rabbit anti-DHAV polyclonal antibody. Western blot also demonstrated that the rabbit anti-DHAV-VP1 polyclonal antibody could recognize the purified VP1 fusion protein specifically, and in the indirect immunofluorescent assays (IFA), the antibody was able to probe the VP1 protein in DHAV-1 infected cells. In conclusion, codon optimization increased dramatically DHAV VP1 expression in E. coli and the His-tagged VP1 fusion protein showed good antigenicity and immunogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
197
|
Van Vaerenbergh M, Cardoen D, Formesyn EM, Brunain M, Van Driessche G, Blank S, Spillner E, Verleyen P, Wenseleers T, Schoofs L, Devreese B, de Graaf DC. Extending the honey bee venome with the antimicrobial peptide apidaecin and a protein resembling wasp antigen 5. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 22:199-210. [PMID: 23350689 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Honey bee venom is a complex mixture of toxic proteins and peptides. In the present study we tried to extend our knowledge of the venom composition using two different approaches. First, worker venom was analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and this revealed the antimicrobial peptide apidaecin for the first time in such samples. Its expression in the venom gland was confirmed by reverse transcription PCR and by a peptidomic analysis of the venom apparatus tissue. Second, genome mining revealed a list of proteins with resemblance to known insect allergens or venom toxins, one of which showed homology to proteins of the antigen 5 (Ag5)/Sol i 3 cluster. It was demonstrated that the honey bee Ag5-like gene is expressed by venom gland tissue of winter bees but not of summer bees. Besides this seasonal variation, it shows an interesting spatial expression pattern with additional production in the hypopharyngeal glands, the brains and the midgut. Finally, our immunoblot study revealed that both synthetic apidaecin and the Ag5-like recombinant from bacteria evoke no humoral activity in beekeepers. Also, no IgG4-based cross-reactivity was detected between the honey bee Ag5-like protein and its yellow jacket paralogue Ves v 5.
Collapse
|
198
|
Muralidharan M, Buss K, Larrimore KE, Segerson NA, Kannan L, Mor TS. The Arabidopsis thaliana ortholog of a purported maize cholinesterase gene encodes a GDSL-lipase. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 81:565-76. [PMID: 23430565 PMCID: PMC3769184 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that is intimately associated with regulation of synaptic transmission in the cholinergic nervous system and in neuromuscular junctions of animals. However the presence of cholinesterase activity has been described also in non-metazoan organisms such as slime molds, fungi and plants. More recently, a gene purportedly encoding for acetylcholinesterase was cloned from maize. We have cloned the Arabidopsis thaliana homolog of the Zea mays gene, At3g26430, and studied its biochemical properties. Our results indicate that the protein encoded by the gene exhibited lipase activity with preference to long chain substrates but did not hydrolyze choline esters. The At3g26430 protein belongs to the SGNH clan of serine hydrolases, and more specifically to the GDS(L) lipase family.
Collapse
|
199
|
San-Miguel T, Pérez-Bermúdez P, Gavidia I. Production of soluble eukaryotic recombinant proteins in E. coli is favoured in early log-phase cultures induced at low temperature. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:89. [PMID: 23525091 PMCID: PMC3602615 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Producing recombinant plant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli produce in high yields and in a soluble and functional form can be difficult. Under overexpression conditions, proteins frequently accumulate as insoluble aggregates (inclusion bodies) within the producing bacteria. We evaluated how the initial culture density, temperature and duration of the expression stage affect the production of some eukaryotic enzymes in E. coli. Findings A high yield of active soluble proteins was obtained by combining early-log phase cultures and low temperatures for protein induction. When IPTG was added at OD600 = 0.1 and cultures were maintained at 4°C for 48-72 h, the soluble protein yield was 3 fold higher than that obtained in the mid-log phase (OD600 = 0.6). Besides, the target protein expression increased and the endogenous bacterial proteins reduced, thus making the protein purification process easier and more efficient. Conclusions The protocol can be widely applied to proteins with a heterologous expression which was limited by loss of activity at high temperatures or by low soluble recombinant protein yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa San-Miguel
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. VA Estellés s/n, Burjasot, 46100 Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
200
|
One-step production of α-ketoglutaric acid from glutamic acid with an engineered l-amino acid deaminase from Proteus mirabilis. J Biotechnol 2013; 164:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|