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152
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Nagel FJ, Tramper J, Bakker MS, Rinzema A. Temperature control in a continuously mixed bioreactor for solid-state fermentation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2001; 72:219-30. [PMID: 11114659 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0290(20000120)72:2<219::aid-bit10>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A continuously mixed, aseptic paddle mixer was used successfully for solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Aspergillus oryzae on whole wheat kernels. Continuous mixing improved temperature control and prevented inhomogeneities in the bed. Respiration rates found in this system were comparable to those in small, isothermal, unmixed beds, which showed that continuous mixing did not cause serious damage to the fungus or the wheat kernels. Continuous mixing improves heat transport to the bioreactor wall, which reduces the need for evaporative cooling and thus may help to prevent the desiccation problems that hamper large-scale SSF. However, scale-up calculations for the paddle mixer indicated that wall cooling becomes insufficient at the 2-m(3) scale for a rapidly growing fungus like Aspergillus oryzae. Consequently, evaporative cooling will remain important in large-scale mixed systems. Experiments showed that water addition will be necessary when evaporative cooling is applied in order to maintain a sufficiently high water activity of the solid substrate. Mixing is necessary to ensure homogeneous water addition in SSF. Automated process control might be achieved using the enthalpy balance. The enthalpy balance for the case of evaporative cooling in the paddle mixer was validated. This work shows that continuous mixing provides promising possibilities for simultaneous control of temperature and moisture content in solid-state fermentation on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Nagel
- Wageningen University, Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences, Food and Bioprocess Engineering Group; P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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153
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154
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Sarhy-Bagnon V, Lozano P, Saucedo-Castañeda G, Roussos S. Production of 6-pentyl-α-pyrone by Trichoderma harzianum in liquid and solid state cultures. Process Biochem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(00)00184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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155
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Mulimani VH. alpha-Amylase production by solid state fermentation: a new practical approach to biotechnology courses. BIOCHEMICAL EDUCATION 2000; 28:161-163. [PMID: 10878315 DOI: 10.1016/s0307-4412(99)00145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A laboratory practical experiment in Biotechnology involving the investigation of alpha-amylase production by solid state fermentation of Gibberella fujikuroi is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- VH Mulimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Gulbarga University, -585 106, Karnataka State, Gulbarga, India
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156
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Jakubowski A, Kwapisz E, Polak J, Galas E. The biosynthesis of Bacillus licheniformis α-amylase in solid state fermentation. PROGRESS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0921-0423(00)80073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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157
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Gawande PV, Kamat MY. Production of Aspergillus xylanase by lignocellulosic waste fermentation and its application. J Appl Microbiol 1999; 87:511-9. [PMID: 10583678 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Strains of Aspergillus terreus and A. niger, known to produce xylanase with undetectable amounts of cellulase, were studied for xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) production on various lignocellulosic substrates using solid state fermentation. Of the lignocellulosic substrates used, wheat bran was the best for xylanase production. The effects of various parameters, such as moistening agent, level of initial moisture content, temperature of incubation, inoculum size and incubation time, on xylanase production were studied. The best medium for A. terreus was wheat bran moistened with 1:5 Mandels and Strenberg mineral solution containing 0.1% tryptone, at 35 degrees C, and at inoculum concentration 2x107-2x108 spores 5 g-1 substrate; for A. niger, the best medium was wheat bran moistened with 1:5 Mandels and Strenberg mineral solution containing 0.1% yeast extract, at 35 degrees C, and at an inoculum concentration of 2x107-2x108 spores 5 g-1 substrate. Under these conditions, A. terreus produced 68.9 IU ml-1 of xylanase, and A. niger, 74.5 IU ml-1, after 4 d of incubation. A crude culture filtrate of the two Aspergillus strains was used for the hydrolysis of various lignocellulosic materials. Xylanase preparations from the two strains selectively removed the hemicellulose fraction from all lignocellulosic materials tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Gawande
- Food and Fermentation Technology Division, University Department of Chemical Toxicology, University of Mumbai, India
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158
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Jauhari R, Gray M, Holloway G. Growth ofRhizobium leguminosarumon peat in rotating bioreactors. CAN J CHEM ENG 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450770517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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159
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Suresh P, Chandrasekaran M. Impact of process parameters on chitinase production by an alkalophilic marine Beauveria bassiana in solid state fermentation. Process Biochem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(98)00092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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160
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Ramana Murthy M, Mohan E, Sadhukhan A. Cyclosporin-A production by Tolypocladium inflatum using solid state fermentation. Process Biochem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(98)00095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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161
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Han B, Kiers JL, Nout RM. Solid-substrate fermentation of soybeans with Rhizopus spp.: Comparison of discontinuous rotation with stationary bed fermentation. J Biosci Bioeng 1999; 88:205-9. [PMID: 16232599 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(99)80203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/1998] [Accepted: 05/31/1999] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tempe is a soybean food obtained by stationary solid-substrate fermentation using moulds (mainly Rhizopus spp.) as starter organism. Traditionally, tempe is fermented in static layer trays or wrapped packages. Due to heat and mass transfer limitations, gradients of temperature and gas atmosphere will result. Agitated fermentation can help to level heat and mass gradients, yielding better homogeneity. This type of process will not result in traditional tempe, but in individually fermented soybeans that could be processed into food ingredients. This report deals with the comparative effect of stationary versus agitated solid-substrate fermentation of soybeans on some chemical indices of substrate modification. For agitated solid-substrate fermentation, a 450-l size rotary-drum bioreactor was designed and constructed. Of two Rhizopus spp. tested, R. microsporus tolerated agitation quite well, as judged by changes of pH, amino nitrogen, ammonia, and soluble dry matter. The other species, R. oligosporus was strongly affected by agitation. This resulted in less pH increase (difference approx. 1.5 units), lower amino nitrogen levels (30-50% of levels in static fermentation), and lower levels of water-soluble non-lipid dry matter (30-50% of levels in static fermentation) with R. oligosporus agitated fermentation of soybeans controlled at 30 and 37 degrees C, compared to static fermentation at temperatures ranging between 25-35 and 30-40 degrees C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Han
- Food Hygiene and Microbiology Group, Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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162
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Dorta B, Arcas J. Sporulation of Metarhizium anisopliae in solid-state fermentation with forced aeration. Enzyme Microb Technol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(98)00079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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163
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Barrios-González J, Mejía A. Production of secondary metabolites by solid-state fermentation. BIOTECHNOLOGY ANNUAL REVIEW 1998; 2:85-121. [PMID: 9704096 DOI: 10.1016/s1387-2656(08)70007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial secondary metabolites are useful high value products that are normally produced by liquid culture; but could be advantageously produced by solid-state fermentation (SSF). Particularly if SSF could benefit from a deeper understanding of microbial physiology in a solid environment. Recent research indicates that different kind of secondary metabolites can be produced by SSF: antibiotics, phytohormones, food grade pigments, alkaloids, etc. Physiology in SSF shows several similarities with physiology in liquid medium, so similar strategies must be adapted for efficient processes. However, there are certain particularities of idiophase in solid medium which dictate the need for special strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barrios-González
- Departmento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico
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164
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Kamini N, Mala J, Puvanakrishnan R. Lipase production from Aspergillus niger by solid-state fermentation using gingelly oil cake. Process Biochem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(98)00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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165
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166
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Kotwal S, Gote M, Sainkar S, Khan M, Khire J. Production of α-galactosidase by thermophilic fungus Humicola sp. in solid-state fermentation and its application in soyamilk hydrolysis. Process Biochem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(97)00084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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167
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Schügerl K, Gerlach SR, Siedenberg D. Influence of the process parameters on the morphology and enzyme production of Aspergilli. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 1998; 60:195-266. [PMID: 9468803 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several papers have been published dealing with various fungi to determine their morphology, enzyme production or process performance. However, no publication considered all of these aspects simultaneously. In the case of the production of xylanase by Aspergillus awamori the interrelationship of various key parameters are investigated. The influence of the reactor type (shake flasks, stirred tank and airlift tower loop reactor), the medium composition (semisynthetic and complex medium with wheat bran of different sizes, respectively as well as different concentrations of phosphate), and the specific power input (stirrer speed) on the growth, morphology, physiology, and productivity of the fungus are investigated. The results reveal a complex interrelationship which explains why the published results are contradictory. Without considering all of the relevant parameters, it is not possible to make general conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schügerl
- Institut für Technische Chemie der Universität Hannover, Germany
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168
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Citric acid production by solid-state fermentation in a packed-bed reactor using Aspergillus niger. Enzyme Microb Technol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(97)00048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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169
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Archana A, Satyanarayana T. Xylanase production by thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis A99 in solid-state fermentation. Enzyme Microb Technol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(96)00207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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170
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Gao Peiji, Qu Yinbo, Zhao Xin, Zhu Mingtian, Duan Yongcheng. Screening microbial strain for improving the nutritional value of wheat and corn straws as animal feed. Enzyme Microb Technol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(96)00191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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171
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Murthy MR, Padmanabhan S, Ramakrishna M, Lonsane B. Comparison of nine different caseinolytic assays for estimation of proteinase activity and further improvement of the best method. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/08905439709549919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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172
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Leman J. Oleaginous microorganisms: an assessment of the potential. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1997; 43:195-243. [PMID: 9097415 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Leman
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, University of Agriculture and Technology, Olsztyn, Poland
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173
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Pastrana L. FUNDAMENTOS DE LA FERMENTACIÓN EN ESTADO SÓLIDO Y APLICACIÓN A LA INDUSTRIA ALIMENTARIA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/11358129609487556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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174
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Non-growth associated production of enzymes in solid state fermentation system: Its mathematical description for two enzymes produced by Bacillus licheniformis M27. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02426436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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175
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Characterization of growth and sporulation of Metarhizium anisopliae in solid-substrate fermentation. Enzyme Microb Technol 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(96)00017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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176
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Ikasari L, Mitchell DA. Leaching and characterization of Rhizopus oligosporus acid protease from solid-state fermentation. Enzyme Microb Technol 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(95)00227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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177
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178
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Modeling of heat and mass transfer for solid state fermentation process in tray bioreactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00369700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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179
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180
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181
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Roche N, Desgranges C, Durand A. Study on the solid-state production of a thermostable α-l-arabinofuranosidase of Thermoascus aurantiacus on sugar beet pulp. J Biotechnol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1656(94)90146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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182
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183
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184
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Lekha PK, Chand N, Lonsane BK. Computerized study of interactions among factors and their optimization through response surface methodology for the production of tannin acyl hydrolase by Aspergillus niger PKL 104 under solid state fermentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00369609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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185
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Muniswaran P, Charyulu N. Solid substrate fermentation of coconut coir pith for cellulase production. Enzyme Microb Technol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(94)90161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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186
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Ramakrishna S, Saswathi N, Sheela R, Jamuna R. Evaluation of solid, slurry, and submerged fermentations for the production of cyclodextrin glycosyl transferase by Bacillus cereus. Enzyme Microb Technol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(94)90162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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187
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188
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Ghildyal NP, Gowthaman MK, Rao KS, Karanth NG. Interaction of transport resistances with biochemical reaction in packed-bed solid-state fermentors: effect of temperature gradients. Enzyme Microb Technol 1994; 16:253-7. [PMID: 7764601 DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(94)90051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In solid-state fermentation, the interaction of transport phenomena with biochemical reactions has a considerable effect on the productivity of the bioreactor. Previous work on solid-state fermentation in tray fermentors in our laboratory indicated that heat transfer resistance results in steep temperature gradients within the solid substrate bed, which in turn adversely affect the biochemical reaction and enzyme activity. This problem of heat accumulation during the course of fermentation has been alleviated to a considerable extent using a packed-column bioreactor with forced aeration in the present work. Experimental studies were conducted in a packed-column bioreactor utilizing wheat bran as substrate and the fungus Aspergillus niger CFTRI 1105 for the production of the enzyme amyloglucosidase. The enzyme activities were estimated and temperatures were recorded at different bed heights, for different air flow rates during the course of fermentation. The results indicated that the temperature gradients caused by heat transfer resistances were reduced considerably with corresponding increases in enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Ghildyal
- Fermentation Technology and Bioengineering Discipline, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
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189
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Hours RA, Katsuragi T, Sakai T. Growth and protopectinase production of Aspergillus awamori in solid-state culture at different acidities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(94)90041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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190
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On-line automated monitoring and control systems for CO2 and O2 in aerobic and anaerobic solid-state fermentations. Process Biochem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-9592(94)80054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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191
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Lekha P, Lonsane B. Comparative titres, location and properties of tannin acyl hydrolase produced by Aspergillus niger PKL 104 in solid-state, liquid surface an submerged fermentations. Process Biochem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-9592(94)85019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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192
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Nigam P, Singh D. Solid-state (substrate) fermentation systems and their applications in biotechnology. J Basic Microbiol 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3620340607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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193
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Ability of Aspergillus niger to tolerate metal ions and minerals in a solid-state fermentation system for the production of citric acid. Process Biochem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-9592(94)80056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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194
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Nandakumar M, Thakur M, Raghavarao K, Ghildyal N. Mechanism of solid particle degradation by Aspergillus niger in solid state fermentation. Process Biochem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-9592(94)80016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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195
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Arachidonic acid production by Mortierella alpina grown on solid substrates. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1993; 9:511-3. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00386285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/01/1993] [Accepted: 03/07/1993] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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196
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197
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Ghildyal N, Ramakrishna M, Lonsane B, Karanth N, Krishnaiah M. Temperature variations and amyloglucosidase levels at different bed depths in a solid state fermentation system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9467(93)80019-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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198
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Trejo Hernández M, Lonsane B, Raimbault M, Roussos S. Spectra of ergot alkaloids produced by Claviceps purpurea 1029c in solid-state fermentation system: influence of the composition of liquid medium used for impregnating sugar-cane pith bagasse. Process Biochem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-9592(94)80032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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199
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Gowthaman MK, Raghava Rao KS, Ghildyal NP, Karanth NG. Gas concentration and temperature gradients in a packed bed solid-state fermentor. Biotechnol Adv 1993; 11:611-20. [PMID: 14545681 DOI: 10.1016/0734-9750(93)90030-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In solid-state fermentation (SSF), interaction of heat and mass transfer with biochemical reaction (growth associated enzyme production) affects the bioreactor performance. This interaction was earlier observed to cause temperature and gaseous concentration gradients which reduced the effective bed height of the bioreactor. Since forced aeration is known to alleviate this problem, a packed column bioreactor with forced aeration was employed in the present study. Using wheat bran and Aspergillus niger CFTRI 1105, experiments were conducted for the production of the enzyme amyloglucosidase at various air flow rates. Temperatures and gas concentrations were recorded and enzyme activities estimated at different bed heights during the course of SSF. Gas concentration and temperature gradients decreased with increasing air flow rate. The packed column allowed the use of larger bed heights and yielded higher enzyme activities (6,260 Units/gDMB) than trays (345 Units/gDMB). Enzyme activity was affected more by temperature than concentration gradients, and increased with air flow rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Gowthaman
- Fermentation Technology and Bioengineering Discipline, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
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200
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