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Anil Kumar KV, Nagwar S, Thyloor R, Satyanarayana S. Anti-stress and nootropic activity of drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system in rats based on indirect biochemical evidence. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 16:801-12. [PMID: 24496517 DOI: 10.1177/1470320313516173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Various stress hormones are responsible for bringing out stress-related changes and are implicated in learning and memory processes. The extensive clinical experience of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and direct renin inhibitor as antihypertensive agents provides anecdotal evidence of improvements in cognition. The neurochemical basis underlying the anti-stress and nootropic effects are unclear. This study was aimed to determine the effects of aliskiren, valsartan and their combination on the neuromediators of the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery as well as on cognitive function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Groups of rats were subjected to a forced swim stress for one hour after daily treatment with aliskiren, valsartan and their combination. The 24 h urinary excretion of vanillylmandellic acid (VMA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), 6-β-hydroxycortisol (6-β-OH) cortisol and homovanillic acid (HVA) was determined in all groups under normal and stressed conditions. Nootropic activity was studied using cook's pole climbing apparatus and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity by Ellman's method. RESULTS Administration of aliskiren (10 mg/kg), valsartan (20 mg/kg) and their combination at a dose of 5 and 10 mg/kg respectively reduced the urinary metabolite levels. Further, all drugs showed significant improvement in scopolamine-impaired performance and produced inhibition of the AChE enzyme. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides scientific support for the anti-stress and nootropic activities of aliskiren, valsartan and their combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Anil Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Visveswarapura Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, India
| | - Shrasti Nagwar
- Department of Pharmacology, Visveswarapura Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, India
| | - Rama Thyloor
- Department of Biotechnology, Government Science College, India
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Martella G, Maltese M, Nisticò R, Schirinzi T, Madeo G, Sciamanna G, Ponterio G, Tassone A, Mandolesi G, Vanni V, Pignatelli M, Bonsi P, Pisani A. Regional specificity of synaptic plasticity deficits in a knock-in mouse model of DYT1 dystonia. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 65:124-32. [PMID: 24503369 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DYT1 dystonia is a movement disorder caused by a deletion in the C-terminal of the protein torsinA. It is unclear how torsinA mutation might disrupt cellular processes encoding motor activity, and whether this impairment occurs in specific brain regions. Here, we report a selective impairment of corticostriatal synaptic plasticity in knock-in mice heterozygous for Δ-torsinA (Tor1a(+/Δgag) mice) as compared to controls (Tor1a(+/+) mice). In striatal spiny neurons from Tor1a(+/Δgag) mice, high-frequency stimulation failed to induce long-term depression (LTD), whereas long-term potentiation (LTP) exhibited increased amplitude. Of interest, blockade of D2 dopamine receptors (D2Rs) increased LTP in Tor1a(+/+) mice to a level comparable to that measured in Tor1a(+/Δgag) mice and normalized the levels of potentiation across mouse groups. A low-frequency stimulation (LFS) protocol was unable to depotentiate corticostriatal synapses in Tor1a(+/Δgag) mice. Muscarinic M1 acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) blockade rescued plasticity deficits. Additionally, we found an abnormal responsiveness of cholinergic interneurons to D2R activation, consisting in an excitatory response rather than the expected inhibition, further confirming an imbalance between dopaminergic and cholinergic signaling in the striatum. Conversely, synaptic activity and plasticity in the CA1 hippocampal region were unaltered in Tor1a(+/Δgag) mice. Importantly, the M1 mAChR-dependent enhancement of hippocampal LTP was unaffected in both genotypes. Similarly, both basic properties of dopaminergic nigral neurons and their responses to D2R activation were normal. These results provide evidence for a regional specificity of the electrophysiological abnormalities observed and demonstrate the reproducibility of such alterations in distinct models of DYT1 dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Martella
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy; Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Synaptic Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - M Maltese
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - R Nisticò
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Synaptic Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - T Schirinzi
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - G Madeo
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - G Sciamanna
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy; Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Synaptic Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - G Ponterio
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy; Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Synaptic Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - A Tassone
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Synaptic Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - G Mandolesi
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy; Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Synaptic Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - V Vanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Synaptic Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - M Pignatelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - P Bonsi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Synaptic Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - A Pisani
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy; Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Synaptic Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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153
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Gutierres JM, Carvalho FB, Schetinger MRC, Marisco P, Agostinho P, Rodrigues M, Rubin MA, Schmatz R, da Silva CR, de P. Cognato G, Farias JG, Signor C, Morsch VM, Mazzanti CM, Bogo M, Bonan CD, Spanevello R. Anthocyanins restore behavioral and biochemical changes caused by streptozotocin-induced sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type. Life Sci 2014; 96:7-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Gupta S, Sharma B. Pharmacological modulation of I1-imidazoline and α2-adrenoceptors in sub acute brain ischemia induced vascular dementia. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 723:80-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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155
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Gutierres JM, Carvalho FB, Schetinger MRC, Agostinho P, Marisco PC, Vieira JM, Rosa MM, Bohnert C, Rubin MA, Morsch VM, Spanevello R, Mazzanti CM. Neuroprotective effect of anthocyanins on acetylcholinesterase activity and attenuation of scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2013; 33:88-97. [PMID: 24374256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a group of natural phenolic compounds responsible for the color to plants and fruits. These compounds might have beneficial effects on memory and have antioxidant properties. In the present study we have investigated the therapeutic efficacy of anthocyanins in an animal model of cognitive deficits, associated to Alzheimer's disease, induced by scopolamine. We evaluated whether anthocyanins protect the effects caused by SCO on nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels and Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (of rats. We used 4 different groups of animals: control (CTRL), anthocyanins treated (ANT), scopolamine-challenged (SCO), and scopolamine+anthocyanins (SCO+ANT). After seven days of treatment with ANT (200mgkg(-1); oral), the animals were SCO injected (1mgkg(-1); IP) and were performed the behavior tests, and submitted to euthanasia. A memory deficit was found in SCO group, but ANT treatment prevented this impairment of memory (P<0.05). The ANT treatment per se had an anxiolytic effect. AChE activity was increased in both in cortex and hippocampus of SCO group, this effect was significantly attenuated by ANT (P<0.05). SCO decreased Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities in hippocampus, and ANT was able to significantly (P<0.05) prevent these effects. No significant alteration was found on NOx levels among the groups. In conclusion, the ANT is able to regulate cholinergic neurotransmission and restore the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities, and also prevented memory deficits caused by scopolamine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessié M Gutierres
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Fabiano B Carvalho
- Setor de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular do Laboratório de Terapia Celular, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa C Schetinger
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Agostinho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Institute, University of Coimbra, 3004 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patricia C Marisco
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Juliano M Vieira
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Michele M Rosa
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Crystiani Bohnert
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Maribel A Rubin
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Vera M Morsch
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Roselia Spanevello
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Capão do Leão, Pelotas RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Cinthia M Mazzanti
- Setor de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular do Laboratório de Terapia Celular, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil.
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156
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Weon JB, Ko HJ, Ma CJ. The ameliorating effects of 2,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice and its neuroprotective activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6732-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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157
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Drain of the brain: low-affinity p75 neurotrophin receptor affords a molecular sink for clearance of cortical amyloid β by the cholinergic modulator system. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2517-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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158
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159
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Catalpol Induces Neuroprotection and Prevents Memory Dysfunction through the Cholinergic System and BDNF. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:134852. [PMID: 24194776 PMCID: PMC3782139 DOI: 10.1155/2013/134852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role and mechanism of catalpol on neuroprotective effects and memory enhancing effects simultaneously, neuroprotective effects of catalpol were assessed by neurological deficits score, TTC staining, and cerebral blood flow detecting. Morris water maze was employed to investigate its effects on learning and memory and then clarify its possible mechanisms relating the central cholinergic system and BDNF. Edaravone and oxiracetam were used for positive control drugs based on its different action. Results showed that catalpol and edaravone significantly facilitated neurological function recovery, reduced infarction volume, and increased cerebral blood flow in stroke mice. Catalpol and oxiracetam decreased the escape latency significantly and increased the numbers of crossing platform obviously. The levels of ACh, ChAT, and BDNF in catalpol group were increased in a dose-dependent manner, and AChE declined with a U-shaped dose-response curve. Moreover, the levels of muscarinic AChR subtypes M1 and M2 in hippocampus were considerably raised by catalpol. These results demonstrated that catalpol may be useful for neuroprotection and memory enhancement, and the mechanism may be related to the central cholinergic system.
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160
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Blockade of the dorsal hippocampal dopamine D1 receptors inhibits the scopolamine-induced state-dependent learning in rats. Neuroscience 2013; 252:460-7. [PMID: 23933216 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the possible role of the dorsal hippocampal (CA1) dopamine D1 receptors on scopolamine-induced amnesia as well as scopolamine state-dependent memory in adult male Wistar rats. Animals were bilaterally implanted with chronic cannulae in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus, trained in a step-through type inhibitory avoidance task, and tested 24h after training for their step-through latency. Results indicated that pre-training or pre-test intra-CA1 administration of scopolamine (1.5 and 3 μg/rat) dose-dependently reduced the step-through latency, showing an amnestic response. The pre-training scopolamine-induced amnesia (3 μg/rat) was reversed by the pre-test administration of scopolamine, indicating a state-dependent effect. Similarly, the pre-test administration of dopamine D1 receptor agonist, 1-phenyl-7,8-dihydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine hydrochloride (SKF38393; 1, 2 and 4 μg/rat, intra-CA1), could significantly reverse the scopolamine-induced amnesia. Interestingly, administration of an ineffective dose of scopolamine (0.25 μg/rat, intra-CA1) before different doses of SKF38393, blocked the reversal effect of SKF38393 on the pre-training scopolamine-induced amnesia. Moreover, while the pre-test intra-CA1 injection of the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, R(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine hydrochloride (SCH23390; 0.1 and 0.5 μg/rat, intra-CA1), resulted in apparent memory impairment, microinjection of the same doses of this agent inhibited the scopolamine-induced state-dependent memory. These results indicate that the CA1 dopamine D1 receptors may potentially play an important role in scopolamine-induced amnesia as well as the scopolamine state-dependent memory. Furthermore, our results propose that dopamine D1 receptor agonist, SKF38393 reverses the scopolamine-induced amnesia via acetylcholine release and possibly through the activation of muscarinic receptors.
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161
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Ishola IO, Tota S, Adeyemi OO, Agbaje EO, Narender T, Shukla R. Protective effect of Cnestis ferruginea and its active constituent on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice: a behavioral and biochemical study. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:825-835. [PMID: 23627469 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.767360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) (CF) is used in traditional African medicine in the management of CNS disorders. The degeneration and dysfunction of cholinergic neurons is closely associated with the cognitive deficits of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and oxidative stress has been implicated in its pathogenesis. However, the influence of C. ferruginea on the cholinergic system and oxidative stress parameters has not been explored. OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the effect of methanol root extract of C. ferruginea and its active constituent amentoflavone (CF-2) on memory, oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in scopolamine-induced amnesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were orally treated with CF (25-200 mg/kg), CF-2 (6.25-25 mg/kg) for three days and memory impairment was induced by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine (3 mg/kg). Memory function was evaluated by passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests. Biochemical parameters of oxidative stress and cholinergic function were estimated in brain after the completion of behavioral studies. RESULTS Scopolamine caused memory impairment along with increased AChE activity and oxidative stress in mice brain. Oral administration of CF and CF-2 significantly prevented scopolamine-induced memory impairment, inhibited AChE and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity in the brain following scopolamine injection as compared to vehicle administration in scopolamine (i.p.)-treated mice that were comparable to the effect of tacrine. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that C. ferruginea and its constituent have significant protective effect against scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice that can be attributed to their antioxidant and antiAChE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
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162
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Hasadsri L, Wang BH, Lee JV, Erdman JW, Llano DA, Barbey AK, Wszalek T, Sharrock MF, Wang H(J. Omega-3 Fatty Acids as a Putative Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2013; 30:897-906. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2012.2672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hasadsri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Bonnie H. Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - James V. Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - John W. Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Daniel A. Llano
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Aron K. Barbey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Tracey Wszalek
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Matthew F. Sharrock
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Huan (John) Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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Müller CP. Episodic memories and their relevance for psychoactive drug use and addiction. Front Behav Neurosci 2013; 7:34. [PMID: 23734106 PMCID: PMC3661997 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of adult people in western societies regularly consume psychoactive drugs. While this consumption is integrated in everyday life activities and controlled in most consumers, it may escalate and result in drug addiction. Non-addicted drug use requires the systematic establishment of highly organized behaviors, such as drug-seeking and -taking. While a significant role for classical and instrumental learning processes is well established in drug use and abuse, declarative drug memories have largely been neglected in research. Episodic memories are an important part of the declarative memories. Here a role of episodic drug memories in the establishment of non-addicted drug use and its transition to addiction is suggested. In relation to psychoactive drug consumption, episodic drug memories are formed when a person prepares for consumption, when the drug is consumed and, most important, when acute effects, withdrawal, craving, and relapse are experienced. Episodic drug memories are one-trial memories with emotional components that can be much stronger than "normal" episodic memories. Their establishment coincides with drug-induced neuronal activation and plasticity. These memories may be highly extinction resistant and influence psychoactive drug consumption, in particular during initial establishment and at the transition to "drug instrumentalization." In that, understanding how addictive drugs interact with episodic memory circuits in the brain may provide crucial information for how drug use and addiction are established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P. Müller
- Section of Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-NurembergErlangen, Germany
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164
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Marisco PC, Carvalho FB, Rosa MM, Girardi BA, Gutierres JM, Jaques JAS, Salla APS, Pimentel VC, Schetinger MRC, Leal DBR, Mello CF, Rubin MA. Piracetam prevents scopolamine-induced memory impairment and decrease of NTPDase, 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase activities. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1704-14. [PMID: 23677777 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Piracetam improves cognitive function in animals and in human beings, but its mechanism of action is still not completely known. In the present study, we investigated whether enzymes involved in extracellular adenine nucleotide metabolism, adenosine triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase), 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) are affected by piracetam in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of animals subjected to scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Piracetam (0.02 μmol/5 μL, intracerebroventricular, 60 min pre-training) prevented memory impairment induced by scopolamine (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, immediately post-training) in the inhibitory avoidance learning and in the object recognition task. Scopolamine reduced the activity of NTPDase in hippocampus (53 % for ATP and 53 % for ADP hydrolysis) and cerebral cortex (28 % for ATP hydrolysis). Scopolamine also decreased the activity of 5'-nucleotidase (43 %) and ADA (91 %) in hippocampus. The same effect was observed in the cerebral cortex for 5'-nucleotidase (38 %) and ADA (68 %) activities. Piracetam fully prevented scopolamine-induced memory impairment and decrease of NTPDase, 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase activities in synaptosomes from cerebral cortex and hippocampus. In vitro experiments show that piracetam and scopolamine did not alter enzymatic activity in cerebral cortex synaptosomes. Moreover, piracetam prevented scopolamine-induced increase of TBARS levels in hippocampus and cerebral cortex. These results suggest that piracetam-induced improvement of memory is associated with protection against oxidative stress and maintenance of NTPDase, 5'-nucleotidase and ADA activities, and suggest the purinergic system as a putative target of piracetam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Marisco
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences (CCS), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
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Singh HJ, Syeda TU, Kakalij RM, Prasad VV, Diwan PV. Erythropoietin protects polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) induced neurotoxicity in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 707:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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The potent M1 receptor allosteric agonist GSK1034702 improves episodic memory in humans in the nicotine abstinence model of cognitive dysfunction. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 16:721-31. [PMID: 22932339 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145712000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory deficits are a core feature of neurodegenerative disorders. Muscarinic M(1) receptors play a critical role in modulating learning and memory and are highly expressed in the hippocampus. We examined the effect of GSK1034702, a potent M(1) receptor allosteric agonist, on cognitive function, and in particular episodic memory, in healthy smokers using the nicotine abstinence model of cognitive dysfunction. The study utilized a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design in which 20 male nicotine abstained smokers were tested following single doses of placebo, 4 and 8 mg GSK1034702. Compared to the baseline (nicotine on-state), nicotine abstinence showed statistical significance in reducing immediate (p=0.019) and delayed (p=0.02) recall. GSK1034702 (8 mg) significantly attenuated (i.e. improved) immediate recall (p=0.014) but not delayed recall. None of the other cognitive domains was modulated by either nicotine abstinence or GSK1034702. These findings suggest that stimulating M(1) receptor mediated neurotransmission in humans with GSK1034702 improves memory encoding potentially by modulating hippocampal function. Hence, selective M(1) receptor allosteric agonists may have therapeutic benefits in disorders of impaired learning including Alzheimer's disease.
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167
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Jeong EJ, Lee HK, Lee KY, Jeon BJ, Kim DH, Park JH, Song JH, Huh J, Lee JH, Sung SH. The effects of lignan-riched extract of Shisandra chinensis on amyloid-β-induced cognitive impairment and neurotoxicity in the cortex and hippocampus of mouse. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:347-54. [PMID: 23333311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Trucz.) Baill. (Schisandraceae) which have been used as a tonic especially for kidney yin deficiency in Chinese traditional medicine are recently receiving attention for its preventive activity on age-related neurodegenerative diseases. A variety of studies demonstrated the cognitive-enhancing effects of Schisandra chinensis through animal tests and also in clinical trials. AIM OF STUDY In this study, we attempted to investigate the effects of the lignan-riched extract of Schisandra chinensis fruits (ESP-806) on neurotoxicity and memory impairment induced by Aβ1-42 injection in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The fruits of Schisandra chinensis were extracted with the mixture of n-hexane:ethanol (9:1), which is riched with bioactive dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, schizandrin, gomisin N, wuweigisu C. After oral treatment of ESP-806 (100 mg/kg body weight) followed by injection of Aβ1-42 (2 μg/mouse, i.c.v.), novel object recognition and passive avoidance tests were evaluated. To verify the cognition enhancing effects of ESP-806, we examined the effects of ESP-806 on the activities of β-secretase and acetylcholinesterase, and the contents of Aβ and the reduced glutathione within the cortex and hippocampus of Aβ-injected mice. RESULTS Oral treatment of ESP-806 (100 mg/kg body weight) significantly attenuated Aβ1-42-induced memory impairment evaluated by behavioral tests. Furthermore, the treatment of ESP-806 attenuated the elevation of β-secretase activity accompanying the reduced level of Aβ1-42 in the cortex and hippocampus of the brain. ESP-806 also significantly inhibited the acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus and increased the content of the reduced glutathione in the cortex and hippocampus of mouse brain. CONCLUSIONS These data suggested that the extract of Schisandra chinensis fruits riched with dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans may be useful in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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168
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Huang YJ, Lin CH, Lane HY, Tsai GE. NMDA Neurotransmission Dysfunction in Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013; 10:272-85. [PMID: 23450042 PMCID: PMC3468881 DOI: 10.2174/157015912803217288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia has become an all-important disease because the population is aging rapidly and the cost of health care associated with dementia is ever increasing. In addition to cognitive function impairment, associated behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) worsen patient’s quality of life and increase caregiver’s burden. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia and both behavioral disturbance and cognitive impairment of Alzheimer’s disease are thought to be associated with the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) dysfunction as increasing evidence of dysfunctional glutamatergic neurotransmission had been reported in behavioral changes and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease. We review the literature regarding dementia (especially Alzheimer’s disease), BPSD and relevant findings on glutamatergic and NMDA neurotransmission, including the effects of memantine, a NMDA receptor antagonist, and NMDA-enhancing agents, such as D-serine and D-cycloserine. Literatures suggest that behavioral disturbance and cognitive impairment of Alzheimer’s disease may be associated with excitatory neurotoxic effects which result in impairment of neuronal plasticity and degenerative processes. Memantine shows benefits in improving cognition, function, agitation/aggression and delusion in Alzheimer’s disease. On the other hand, some NMDA modulators which enhance NMDA function through the co-agonist binding site can also improve cognitive function and psychotic symptoms. We propose that modulating NMDA neurotransmission is effective in treating behavioral and psychological symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. Prospective study using NMDA enhancers in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and associated behavioral disturbance is needed to verify this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jhen Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ; Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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169
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Choudhary KM, Mishra A, Poroikov VV, Goel RK. Ameliorative effect of Curcumin on seizure severity, depression like behavior, learning and memory deficit in post-pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 704:33-40. [PMID: 23461849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder and generally associated with certain psychiatric comorbidities. Among several comorbidities depressive behavior and cognitive impairment has been reported to be most debilitating comorbidity associated with epilepsy. This study was envisaged to evaluate the ameliorative effect of Curcumin on depression like behavior and cognitive impairment observed in pentylenetetrazole kindled animals. Male Swiss Albino mice were kindled with subconvulsive dose of pentylenetetrazole (35 mg/kg, i.p.). Successfully kindled animals were used in the study to observe the effect of different treatments. Treatment groups received phenytoin (30 mg/kg) and Curcumin (50, 100 and 200mg/kg) for 15 days. The animals were challenged with pentylenetetrazole (35 mg/kg, i.p.) on day 5, 10 and 15 and seizure severity score, immobility period, number of mistakes and step down latency were recorded. On 15th day, all the animals were sacrificed after behavioral evaluations and their brain was isolated and homogenized to estimate brain norepinephrine, serotonin, total nitrite level and acetylcholinesterase activity. Phenytoin treatment significantly improved the depressive like behavior along with its anticonvulsant effect, however was unable to improve memory impairment. Curcumin significantly attenuated seizure severity, depression like behavior and memory impairment in kindled animals, in dose dependent manner. These results were supported by the biochemical modulation of brain monoamine, nitrosative stress level and acetylcholinesterase activity. Thus present study concluded that Curcumin has the ameliorative effect on seizure severity, depression like behavior and memory impairment in pentylenetetrazole kindled mice, possibly via central monoaminergic modulation and inhibitory effect on nitrosative stress and acetylcholinesterase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash M Choudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India
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170
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Hamlin AS, Windels F, Boskovic Z, Sah P, Coulson EJ. Lesions of the basal forebrain cholinergic system in mice disrupt idiothetic navigation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53472. [PMID: 23320088 PMCID: PMC3540070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of integrity of the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons is a consistent feature of Alzheimer's disease, and measurement of basal forebrain degeneration by magnetic resonance imaging is emerging as a sensitive diagnostic marker for prodromal disease. It is also known that Alzheimer's disease patients perform poorly on both real space and computerized cued (allothetic) or uncued (idiothetic) recall navigation tasks. Although the hippocampus is required for allothetic navigation, lesions of this region only mildly affect idiothetic navigation. Here we tested the hypothesis that the cholinergic medial septo-hippocampal circuit is important for idiothetic navigation. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons were selectively lesioned in mice using the toxin saporin conjugated to a basal forebrain cholinergic neuronal marker, the p75 neurotrophin receptor. Control animals were able to learn and remember spatial information when tested on a modified version of the passive place avoidance test where all extramaze cues were removed, and animals had to rely on idiothetic signals. However, the exploratory behaviour of mice with cholinergic basal forebrain lesions was highly disorganized during this test. By contrast, the lesioned animals performed no differently from controls in tasks involving contextual fear conditioning and spatial working memory (Y maze), and displayed no deficits in potentially confounding behaviours such as motor performance, anxiety, or disturbed sleep/wake cycles. These data suggest that the basal forebrain cholinergic system plays a specific role in idiothetic navigation, a modality that is impaired early in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S. Hamlin
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Francois Windels
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zoran Boskovic
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pankaj Sah
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J. Coulson
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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171
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Lestaevel P, Bensoussan H, Dhieux B, Delissen O, Vacher CM, Dublineau I, Voisin P, Taouis M. Cerebral cortex and hippocampus respond differently after post-natal exposure to uranium. J Toxicol Sci 2013; 38:803-11. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.38.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lestaevel
- Institut de RadioProtection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Pôle de la Radioprotection de l’Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d’Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie Expérimentale
| | - Hélène Bensoussan
- Institut de RadioProtection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Pôle de la Radioprotection de l’Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d’Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie Expérimentale
| | - Bernadette Dhieux
- Institut de RadioProtection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Pôle de la Radioprotection de l’Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d’Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie Expérimentale
| | - Olivia Delissen
- Institut de RadioProtection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Pôle de la Radioprotection de l’Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d’Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie Expérimentale
| | - Claire-Marie Vacher
- Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise Alimentaire, UMR 1197 INRA/Université Paris XI
| | - Isabelle Dublineau
- Institut de RadioProtection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Pôle de la Radioprotection de l’Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d’Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie Expérimentale
| | - Philippe Voisin
- Institut de RadioProtection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Pôle de la Radioprotection de l’Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d’Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie Expérimentale
| | - Mohammed Taouis
- Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise Alimentaire, UMR 1197 INRA/Université Paris XI
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172
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Effect of Nigella sativa and wheat germ oils on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bfopcu.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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173
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Memory-enhancing activity of palmatine in mice using elevated plus maze and morris water maze. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2012; 2012:357368. [PMID: 23193393 PMCID: PMC3501795 DOI: 10.1155/2012/357368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of palmatine on memory of Swiss young male albino mice. Palmatine (0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) and physostigmine (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) per se were administered for 10 successive days to separate groups of mice. Effect of drugs on learning and memory of mice was evaluated using elevated plus maze and Morris water maze. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity was also estimated. Effect of palmatine on scopolamine- and diazepam-induced amnesia was also investigated. Palmatine (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) and physostigmine significantly improved learning and memory of mice, as indicated by decrease in transfer latency using elevated plus maze, and decrease in escape latency during training and increase in time spent in target quadrant during retrieval using Morris water maze. The drugs did not show any significant effect on locomotor activity of the mice. Memory-enhancing activity of palmatine (1 mg/kg) was comparable to physostigmine. Palmatine (1 mg/kg) significantly reversed scopolamine- and diazepam-induced amnesia in mice. Palmatine and physostigmine also significantly reduced brain acetylcholinesterase activity of mice. Thus, palmatine showed memory-enhancing activity in mice probably by inhibiting brain acetylcholinesterase activity, through involvement of GABA-benzodiazepine pathway, and due to its antioxidant activity.
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174
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Antiamnesic activity of Syzygium cumini against scopolamine induced spatial memory impairments in rats. Brain Dev 2012; 34:844-51. [PMID: 22475379 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the Antiamnesic effects of methanolic extract of Syzygium cumini (MESC) on spatial memory impairments induced by scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.), a muscarinic antagonist, using the Radial arm maze, Morris water maze, learned helpless ness tests. Effect of MESC was evaluated and compared to standard drug, piracetam (200 mg/kg, i.p.). The MESC significantly (p<0.05) improved the impairment of short term or working memory induced by scopolamine in the Radial arm maze test, and significantly (p<0.05) reversed cognitive impairments in rats as measured by the learned helplessness test. In addition, MESC decreased escape latencies in the Morris water maze test. The activity of acetylcholinesterase in the brain was inhibited significantly (p<0.05) by treatment with MESC to a level similar to that observed in rats treated with piracetam. Moreover treatment with MESC (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) to scopolamine induced rats significantly (p<0.05) decreased TBARS levels which was accompanied by an increase in the activities of SOD and Catalase. MESC has dose dependent effect and 400 mg/kg dose shown more prominent results when compared to 200 mg/kg dose of MESC. These results indicate that MESC may exert anti-amnesic activity via inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant mechanisms in the brain.
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175
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Hall H, Cuellar-Baena S, Denisov V, Kirik D. Development of NMR spectroscopic methods for dynamic detection of acetylcholine synthesis by choline acetyltransferase in hippocampal tissue. J Neurochem 2012; 124:336-46. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Hall
- Brain Repair And Imaging in Neural Systems (B.R.A.I.N.S); BMC D11; Department of Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Sandra Cuellar-Baena
- Brain Repair And Imaging in Neural Systems (B.R.A.I.N.S); BMC D11; Department of Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Vladimir Denisov
- Lund University BioImaging Center; BMC D11; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Deniz Kirik
- Brain Repair And Imaging in Neural Systems (B.R.A.I.N.S); BMC D11; Department of Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
- Lund University BioImaging Center; BMC D11; Lund University; Lund Sweden
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176
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Harvey AL, Young LC, Kornisiuk E, Snitcofsky M, Colettis N, Blanco C, Jerusalinsky D, Jamieson AG, Hartley RC, Stone TW. A novel dihydro-pyrazolo(3,4d)(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5a)pyrimidin-4-one (AJ23) is an antagonist at adenosine A1 receptors and enhances consolidation of step-down avoidance. Behav Brain Res 2012; 234:184-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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177
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Kruk-Słomka M, Budzyńska B, Biała G. Involvement of cholinergic receptors in the different stages of memory measured in the modified elevated plus maze test in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:1066-80. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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178
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Indo Y. Nerve growth factor and the physiology of pain: lessons from congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. Clin Genet 2012; 82:341-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2012.01943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Indo
- Department of Pediatrics; Kumamoto University Hospital; Kumamoto; 860-8556; Japan
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179
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Casini A, Vaccaro R, D'Este L, Sakaue Y, Bellier JP, Kimura H, Renda TG. Immunolocalization of choline acetyltransferase of common type in the central brain mass of Octopus vulgaris. Eur J Histochem 2012; 56:e34. [PMID: 23027350 PMCID: PMC3493980 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2012.e34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine, the first neurotransmitter to be identified in the vertebrate frog, is widely distributed among the animal kingdom. The presence of a large amount of acetylcholine in the nervous system of cephalopods is well known from several biochemical and physiological studies. However, little is known about the precise distribution of cholinergic structures due to a lack of a suitable histochemical technique for detecting acetylcholine. The most reliable method to visualize the cholinergic neurons is the immunohistochemical localization of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase, the synthetic enzyme of acetylcholine. Following our previous study on the distribution patterns of cholinergic neurons in the Octopus vulgaris visual system, using a novel antibody that recognizes choline acetyltransferase of the common type (cChAT), now we extend our investigation on the octopus central brain mass. When applied on sections of octopus central ganglia, immunoreactivity for cChAT was detected in cell bodies of all central brain mass lobes with the notable exception of the subfrontal and subvertical lobes. Positive varicosed nerves fibers where observed in the neuropil of all central brain mass lobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Casini
- Laboratory of Immunohistochemistry Tindaro G. Renda Department of Anatomic, Histologic, Forensic and Locomotor Apparatus Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
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180
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Utkan T, Gocmez SS, Regunathan S, Aricioglu F. Agmatine, a metabolite of L-arginine, reverses scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 102:578-84. [PMID: 22796489 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Agmatine (l-amino-4-guanidino-butane), a metabolite of L-arginine through the action of arginine decarboxylase, is a novel neurotransmitter. In the present study, effects of agmatine on cognitive functions have been evaluated by using one trial step-down passive avoidance and three panel runway task. Agmatine (20, 40, 80 mg/kg i.p.) was administered either in the presence or absence of a cholinergic antagonist, scopolamine (1 mg/kg i.p.). Scopolamine significantly impaired learning and memory in both passive avoidance and three panel runway test. Agmatine did not affect emotional learning, working and reference memory but significantly improved scopolamine-induced impairment of learning and memory in a dose dependent manner. Our results indicate that agmatine, as an endogenous substance, may have an important role in modulation of learning and memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijen Utkan
- Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Pharmacology Department and Experimental Medical Research and Application Unit, 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey.
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181
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Gutierres JM, Carvalho FB, Rosa MM, Schmatz R, Rodrigues M, Vieira JM, Mazzanti CM, Morsch VM, Rubin MA, Schetinger MRC, Spanevello RM. Protective effect of α-Tocopherol on memory deficits and Na+,K+-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase activities in rats with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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182
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Synergistic actions of metabotropic acetylcholine and glutamate receptors on the excitability of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. J Neurosci 2012; 32:6081-91. [PMID: 22553015 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6519-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of neurotransmitters are responsible for regulating neural activity during different behavioral states. Unique responses to combinations of neurotransmitters provide a powerful mechanism by which neural networks could be differentially activated during a broad range of behaviors. Here, we show, using whole-cell recordings in rat hippocampal slices, that group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) synergistically increase the excitability of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons by converting the post-burst afterhyperpolarization to an afterdepolarization via a rapidly reversible upregulation of Ca(v)2.3 R-type calcium channels. Coactivation of mAChRs and mGluRs also induced a long-lasting enhancement of the responses mediated by each receptor type. These results suggest that cooperative signaling via mAChRs and group I mGluRs could provide a mechanism by which cognitive processes may be modulated by conjoint activation of two separate neurotransmitter systems.
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183
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Bhattamisra SK, Singh PN, Singh SK. Effect of standardized extract of Marsilea minuta on learning and memory performance in rat amnesic models. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:766-772. [PMID: 22471959 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.632421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Marsilea minuta Linn (Marsileaceae) is a common Indian hydrophytic plant. Traditionally, the plant has been used as a sedative for the treatment of insomnia and other mental disorders. Background information of this plant has encouraged us to investigate its antiamnesic activity in rat. OBJECTIVE Standardized ethanol extract of M. minuta was investigated for their putative role in learning and memory performance in normal and amnesic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethanol extract of M. minuta (EMM) was standardized for marsiline using HPLC. The effect of standardized extract of M. minuta (1.15% w/w marsiline) was tested in amnesic rat using elevated plus maze (EPM) and passive avoidance (PA) test. Amnesia was induced after scopolamine (1 mg/kg, s.c.) and electroconvulsive shock (150 mA, 0.2 s) treatment. Behavioral studies were further substantiated with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and radioligand muscarinic receptor binding studies in rat brain regions. RESULTS Oral administration of EMM at 200 and 400 mg/kg/day for 3 days significantly reversed the amnesia whereas, no per se effect was observed. In comparison to control, AChE activity in frontal cortex and hippocampus was found to be significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited by EMM. EMM at doses 200 and 400 mg/kg has significantly (P < 0.05) increased (+34 % and +40 % change in affinity, respectively) the binding of 3H-QNB in frontal cortex indicating the up regulation of the muscarinic receptors. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings suggest that standardized extract of M. minuta have excellent antiamnesic activity, probably mediating through central cholinergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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184
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Jaques JADS, Rezer JFP, Carvalho FB, da Rosa MM, Gutierres JM, Gonçalves JF, Schmatz R, de Bairros AV, Mazzanti CM, Rubin MA, Schetinger MRC, Leal DBR. Curcumin protects against cigarette smoke-induced cognitive impairment and increased acetylcholinesterase activity in rats. Physiol Behav 2012; 106:664-9. [PMID: 22579739 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke, a widely spread habit, is associated with a decline in cognitive function and studies have demonstrated that curcumin (Cur), an Indian spice, possesses a strong neuroprotective potential. Considering the relevance of investigating dietary compounds this study aimed to investigate the effect of Cur on memory and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in brain structures and blood of cigarette smoke-exposed rats. Male Wistar rats were treated with curcumin and cigarette smoke, once a day, 5 days each week, for 30 days. The experimental procedures were divided in two sets of experiments. In the first, the animals were divided into 4 groups: Vehicle (corn oil), Cur 12.5 mg/kg, Cur 25 mg/kg and Cur 50 mg/kg. In the second, the animals were divided into 5 groups: Vehicle (corn oil), Smoke, Smoke plus Cur 12.5 mg/kg, Smoke plus Cur 25 mg/kg and Smoke plus Cur 50 mg/kg. Treatment with Cur significantly prevented the decreased latency and cholinergic alterations in cigarette smoke-exposed rats. These AChE alterations could suggest a role in the memory impairment promoted by cigarette smoke-exposure and point toward the potential of Cur to modulate cholinergic neurotransmission and, consequently, improve cognition deficits induced by smoke. This study suggests that the dietary compound Cur may be involved in cholinergic system modulation and as a consequence exert an effect on learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeandre Augusto dos Santos Jaques
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Laboratório de Enzimologia Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Prédio 18, Sala 2208, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Almasi-Nasrabadi M, Javadi-Paydar M, Mahdavian S, Babaei R, Sharifian M, Norouzi A, Dehpour AR. Involvement of NMDA receptors in the beneficial effects of pioglitazone on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. Behav Brain Res 2012; 231:138-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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186
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Chronic treatment with rivastigmine in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: A study on primary motor cortex excitability tested by 5Hz-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 123:902-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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187
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Anselme P. Modularity of mind and the role of incentive motivation in representing novelty. Anim Cogn 2012; 15:443-59. [PMID: 22526694 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-012-0499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Animal and human brains contain a myriad of mental representations that have to be successfully tracked within fractions of a second in a large number of situations. This retrieval process is hard to explain without postulating the massive modularity of cognition. Assuming that the mind is massively modular, it is then necessary to understand how cognitive modules can efficiently represent dynamic environments-in which some modules may have to deal with change-induced novelty and uncertainty. Novelty of a stimulus is a problem for a module when unknown, significant stimuli do not satisfy the module's processing criteria-or domain specificity-and cannot therefore be included in its database. It is suggested that the brain mechanisms of incentive motivation, recruited when faced with novelty and uncertainty, induce transient variations in the domain specificity of cognitive modules in order to allow them to process information they were not prepared to learn. It is hypothesised that the behavioural transitions leading from exploratory activity to habit formation are correlated with (and possibly caused by) the organism's ability to counter novelty-induced uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Anselme
- Département de Psychologie, Cognition et Comportement, Université de Liège, 5 Boulevard du Rectorat (B 32), Liège, Belgium.
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188
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van Goethem NP, Rutten K, van der Staay FJ, Jans LAW, Akkerman S, Steinbusch HWM, Blokland A, van't Klooster J, Prickaerts J. Object recognition testing: rodent species, strains, housing conditions, and estrous cycle. Behav Brain Res 2012; 232:323-34. [PMID: 22481082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The object recognition task (ORT) allows assessing learning and memory processes in rodents. In this study, two areas in which knowledge about the ORT could be extended were addressed; i.e. generality to species and strains, and intervening variables including housing and estrous cycle. Regarding generality to species and strains, the ORT performance of golden hamsters was assessed. The hamsters showed sufficient exploration times, object recognition performance, and a retention-interval dependent decline similar to rats and mice. Subsequently, we tested three mouse strains which have not been described before in the ORT; i.e. OF1, NMRI, and SJL mice. OF1 and NMRI strains performed equally well, whereas the SJL strain showed low exploration times and no memory retention. Therefore, the SJL strain is unsuited for ORT experiments using a 1h retention interval and a fixed (3 min) trial duration. Furthermore, the sensitivity to a pharmacological memory deficit model (scopolamine) was tested in three rat strains. Each strain showed a dose dependent relationship, but the least effective dose of scopolamine differed among the three strains, the effect being greater in the order of Wistar, Long-Evans, Hooded Lister rats. Finally, to investigate potential intervening variables in the ORT, the effects of housing conditions and estrous cycle were investigated with rats. Single housing resulted in absolute higher performance than social housing. Furthermore, females in pro-estrus/estrus showed better performance compared to females in met-estrus/di-estrus. Taken together, object recognition appears to be a common ability of rodent species, but different strains have different memory capacities and sensitivities to scopolamine, individual housing leads to higher performance, and performance of females is dependent on the estrous cycle phase. Thus, rodent species, strain, housing, and estrous cycle should be taken into consideration in ORT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick P van Goethem
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience-MHeNS, European Graduate School of Neuroscience-EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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189
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Biperiden (M₁ antagonist) impairs the expression of cocaine conditioned place preference but potentiates the expression of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization. Behav Brain Res 2012; 231:213-6. [PMID: 22469627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is a public health issue in many countries, stressing the need for more effective treatments. As all drugs of abuse, cocaine acts on the brain reward system, increasing dopamine (DA) levels. Other neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine (ACh) are involved in the mechanisms underlying the development and the maintenance of cocaine addiction. ACh plays an important role in learning and memory processes and also regulates DA in some specific regions of the central nervous system. The present study investigated the effects of biperiden, a muscarinic cholinergic (mACh) antagonist in two animal models: conditioned place preference (CPP) and behavioral sensitization. Male C57BL/6J mice were used in both studies. The CPP protocol was unbiased and carried out in three phases: habituation, conditioning and testing. For conditioning, cocaine was injected at a dose of 10mg/kg in eight 15 min-sessions. The treatment with biperiden (doses of 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg) was made 30 min prior to the testing session. For behavioral sensitization development, cocaine was administered at the dose of 10 mg/kg for 10 days. After sensitization, two challenges were performed: saline and cocaine (5 mg/kg). Biperiden (10 mg/kg) was administered 30 min before the cocaine challenge. At the dose of 10 mg/kg, biperiden blocked the cocaine-CPP expression, suggesting an effect on conditioned memory retrieval. However, the same dose potentiated the expression of behavioral sensitization, suggesting an increase in DA release, probably in the NAc. Biperiden, as other mACh antagonists, may be a promising drug for the pharmacologic treatment of cocaine addiction.
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190
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Vuaden FC, Savio LEB, Piato AL, Pereira TC, Vianna MR, Bogo MR, Bonan CD, Wyse ATS. Long-term methionine exposure induces memory impairment on inhibitory avoidance task and alters acetylcholinesterase activity and expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Neurochem Res 2012; 37:1545-53. [PMID: 22437435 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypermethioninemic patients exhibit a variable degree of neurological dysfunction. However, the mechanisms involved in these alterations have not been completely clarified. Cholinergic system has been implicated in many physiological processes, including cognitive performances, as learning, and memory. Parameters of cholinergic signaling have already been characterized in zebrafish brain. Since zebrafish is a small freshwater teleost which is a vertebrate model for modeling behavioral and functional parameters related to human pathogenesis and for clinical treatment screenings, in the present study we investigated the effects of short- and long-term methionine exposure on cognitive impairment, AChE activity and gene expression in zebrafish. For the studies, animals were exposed at two methionine concentrations (1.5 and 3.0 mM) during 1 h or 7 days (short- or long-term treatments, respectively). We observed a significant increase in AChE activity of zebrafish brain membranes after long-term methionine exposure at 3.0 mM. However, AChE gene expression decreased significantly in both concentrations tested after 7 days of treatment, suggesting that post-translational events are involved in the enhancement of AChE activity. Methionine treatment induces memory deficit in zebrafish after long-term exposure to this amino acid, which could be related, at least in part, with cognitive impairment observed in hypermethioninemia. Therefore, the results here presented raise a new perspective to use the zebrafish as a complementary vertebrate model for studying inborn errors of metabolism, which may help to better understand the pathophysiology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cenci Vuaden
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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191
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Khakpai F, Nasehi M, Haeri-Rohani A, Eidi A, Zarrindast MR. Scopolamine induced memory impairment; possible involvement of NMDA receptor mechanisms of dorsal hippocampus and/or septum. Behav Brain Res 2012; 231:1-10. [PMID: 22421366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The anatomical connections of septum and hippocampus and the influence of cholinergic and glutamatergic projections in these sites have been reported. In the present study, the effect of pre-training intra-dorsal hippocampal (CA1) and intra-medial septal (MS) administration of scopolamine, a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist, and NMDA receptor agents and their interactions, on acquisition of memory have been investigated. METHODS The animals were bilaterally implanted with chronic cannulae in the CA1 regions and in the medial septum. Animals were trained in a step-through type inhibitory avoidance task, and tested 24h after training to measure step-through latency as memory retrieval. RESULTS Intra-CA1 or intra-MS injections of scopolamine (0.5, 1 and 2 μg/rat) and D-AP7 (a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist; 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 μg/rat) reduced, while NMDA (0.125 and 0.25 μg/rat) increased memory. Intra-MS injection of a subthreshold dose of NMDA reduced scopolamine induced amnesia in the MS. However, similar injection of NMDA into CA1 did not alter scopolamine response when injected into CA1. Moreover, intra-MS or -CA1 injection of a subthreshold dose of NMDA did not alter scopolamine response in the CA1 or MS respectively. On the other hand, co-administration subthreshold doses of D-AP7 and scopolamine into CA1 and/or MS induced amnesia. CONCLUSIONS The cholinergic system between septum and CA1 are modulating memory acquisition processes induced by glutamatergic system in the CA1 or septum and co-activation of these systems in these sites can influence learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khakpai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
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192
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Kanju PM, Parameshwaran K, Sims-Robinson C, Uthayathas S, Josephson EM, Rajakumar N, Dhanasekaran M, Suppiramaniam V. Selective cholinergic depletion in medial septum leads to impaired long term potentiation and glutamatergic synaptic currents in the hippocampus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31073. [PMID: 22355337 PMCID: PMC3280283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic depletion in the medial septum (MS) is associated with impaired hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. Here we investigated whether long term potentiation (LTP) and synaptic currents, mediated by alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the CA1 hippocampal region, are affected following cholinergic lesions of the MS. Stereotaxic intra-medioseptal infusions of a selective immunotoxin, 192-saporin, against cholinergic neurons or sterile saline were made in adult rats. Four days after infusions, hippocampal slices were made and LTP, whole cell, and single channel (AMPA or NMDA receptor) currents were recorded. Results demonstrated impairment in the induction and expression of LTP in lesioned rats. Lesioned rats also showed decreases in synaptic currents from CA1 pyramidal cells and synaptosomal single channels of AMPA and NMDA receptors. Our results suggest that MS cholinergic afferents modulate LTP and glutamatergic currents in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, providing a potential synaptic mechanism for the learning and memory deficits observed in the rodent model of selective MS cholinergic lesioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Kanju
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kodeeswaran Parameshwaran
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Catrina Sims-Robinson
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Subramaniam Uthayathas
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Eleanor M. Josephson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Nagalingam Rajakumar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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193
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Evaluation of acetylcholinesterase in an animal model of maple syrup urine disease. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 45:279-86. [PMID: 22328136 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Maple syrup urine disease is an inherited metabolic disease predominantly characterized by neurological dysfunction. However, the mechanisms underlying the neuropathology of this disease are still not defined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute and chronic administration of a branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) pool (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and gene expression in the brain and serum of rats and to assess if antioxidant treatment prevented the alterations induced by BCAA administration. Our results show that the acute administration of a BCAA pool in 10- and 30-day-old rats increases AChE activity in the cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and serum. Moreover, chronic administration of the BCAA pool also increases AChE activity in the structures studied, and antioxidant treatment prevents this increase. In addition, we show a significant decrease in the mRNA expression of AChE in the hippocampus following acute administration in 10- and 30-day-old rats. On the other hand, AChE expression increased significantly after chronic administration of the BCAA pool. Interestingly, the antioxidant treatment was able to prevent the increased AChE activity without altering AChE expression. In conclusion, the results from the present study demonstrate a marked increase in AChE activity in all brain structures following the administration of a BCAA pool. Moreover, the increased AChE activity is prevented by the coadministration of N-acetylcysteine and deferoxamine as antioxidants.
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194
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Navarrete M, Perea G, de Sevilla DF, Gómez-Gonzalo M, Núñez A, Martín ED, Araque A. Astrocytes mediate in vivo cholinergic-induced synaptic plasticity. PLoS Biol 2012; 10:e1001259. [PMID: 22347811 PMCID: PMC3279365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission represents the cellular basis of learning and memory. Astrocytes have been shown to regulate synaptic transmission and plasticity. However, their involvement in specific physiological processes that induce LTP in vivo remains unknown. Here we show that in vivo cholinergic activity evoked by sensory stimulation or electrical stimulation of the septal nucleus increases Ca²⁺ in hippocampal astrocytes and induces LTP of CA3-CA1 synapses, which requires cholinergic muscarinic (mAChR) and metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) activation. Stimulation of cholinergic pathways in hippocampal slices evokes astrocyte Ca²⁺ elevations, postsynaptic depolarizations of CA1 pyramidal neurons, and LTP of transmitter release at single CA3-CA1 synapses. Like in vivo, these effects are mediated by mAChRs, and this cholinergic-induced LTP (c-LTP) also involves mGluR activation. Astrocyte Ca²⁺ elevations and LTP are absent in IP₃R2 knock-out mice. Downregulating astrocyte Ca²⁺ signal by loading astrocytes with BAPTA or GDPβS also prevents LTP, which is restored by simultaneous astrocyte Ca²⁺ uncaging and postsynaptic depolarization. Therefore, cholinergic-induced LTP requires astrocyte Ca²⁺ elevations, which stimulate astrocyte glutamate release that activates mGluRs. The cholinergic-induced LTP results from the temporal coincidence of the postsynaptic activity and the astrocyte Ca²⁺ signal simultaneously evoked by cholinergic activity. Therefore, the astrocyte Ca²⁺ signal is necessary for cholinergic-induced synaptic plasticity, indicating that astrocytes are directly involved in brain storage information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Navarrete
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Madrid, Spain
| | - Gertrudis Perea
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Madrid, Spain
| | - David Fernandez de Sevilla
- Department Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez-Gonzalo
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Núñez
- Department Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo D. Martín
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Synaptic Plasticity, Albacete Science and Technology Park (PCyTA), Institute for Research in Neurological Disabilities (IDINE), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Alfonso Araque
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Madrid, Spain
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195
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EL Omri A, Han J, Kawada K, Ben Abdrabbah M, Isoda H. Luteolin enhances cholinergic activities in PC12 cells through ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways. Brain Res 2012; 1437:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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196
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Torvinen M, Kalenius E, Sansone F, Casnati A, Jänis J. Noncovalent complexation of monoamine neurotransmitters and related ammonium ions by tetramethoxy tetraglucosylcalix[4]arene. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:359-365. [PMID: 22131228 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The noncovalent complexation of monoamine neurotransmitters and related ammonium and quaternary ammonium ions by a conformationally flexible tetramethoxy glucosylcalix[4]arene was studied by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI-FTICR) mass spectrometry. The glucosylcalixarene exhibited highest binding affinity towards serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. Structural properties of the guests, such as the number, location, and type of hydrogen bonding groups, length of the alkyl spacer between the ammonium head-group and the aromatic ring structure, and the degree of nitrogen substitution affected the complexation. Competition experiments and guest-exchange reactions indicated that the hydroxyl groups of guests participate in intermolecular hydrogen bonding with the glucocalixarene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Torvinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
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197
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Yildirim E, Erol K, Ulupinar E. Effects of sertraline on behavioral alterations caused by environmental enrichment and social isolation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 101:278-87. [PMID: 22248860 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Environmental conditions are known to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of affective disorders. In this study, the effects of sertraline, a selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor, on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors were investigated in rats reared in different housing conditions. Wistar rats of both sexes were divided into three groups according to their rearing conditions (Enriched = EC, Isolated = IC and Standard = SC), after weaning at postnatal day 21. While animals in control conditions were housed as a group of 4 rats in regular size plexiglass cages, social isolation groups were housed individually in metal cages. Animals in enriched conditions were housed as a group of 12 rats in specially designed cages equipped with different stimulating objects. Six weeks later, activitymeter, elevated plus maze, rotarod, grip, forced swimming and sucrose preference tests were applied to all animals and all of the tests were repeated after i.p. injection of sertraline (10 mg/kg/day) for 7 days. Environmental enrichment reduced the stereotypic behavior, improved the motor coordination and facilitated the learning skills in animals. However, housing conditions affected depression-like parameters, but not anxiety-like parameters. Sertraline treatment reduced the depression-like effect in EC and SC, but not in IC. It decreased anxiety-like behavior in IC while increased in EC. Socially isolated animals preferentially consumed more sucrose and water than the other groups, and interestingly, these differences became more significant following sertraline treatment. These results show that the responses of animals to anti-depressive drugs could be differentially affected by the behavioral consequences of the diverse housing conditions. Thus, to improve the treatment of depression; behavioral consequences of diverse housing conditions should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Yildirim
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, 26480 Eskisehir, Turkey.
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198
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Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Vitex negundo Linn. leaves on learning and memory in normal and cognitive deficit mice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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199
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Neuroprotective efficacy of Nardostachys jatamansi and crocetin in conjunction with selenium in cognitive impairment. Neurol Sci 2011; 33:1011-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-011-0880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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200
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Jaques JADS, Rezer JFP, Gonçalves JF, Spanevello RM, Gutierres JM, Pimentel VC, Thomé GR, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC, Leal DBR. The effect of curcumin in the ectonucleotidases and acetylcholinesterase activities in synaptosomes from the cerebral cortex of cigarette smoke-exposed rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 29:703-7. [PMID: 21932293 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With the evidence that curcumin may be a potent neuroprotective agent and that cigarette smoke is associated with a decline in the cognitive performance as our bases, we investigated the activities of Ecto-Nucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase), 5'-nucleotidase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in cerebral cortex synaptosomes from cigarette smoke-exposed rats treated with curcumin (Cur). The experimental procedures entailed two sets of experiments. In the first set, the groups were vehicle, Cur 12·5, 25 and 50 mg·kg(-1) ; those in the second set were vehicle, smoke, smoke and Cur 12·5, 25 and 50 mg·kg(-1) . Curcumin prevented the increased NTPDase, 5'-nucleotidase and AChE activities caused by smoke exposure. We suggest that treatment with Cur was protective because the decrease of ATP and acetylcholine (ACh) concentrations is responsible for cognitive impairment, and both ATP and ACh have key roles in neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeandre Augusto Dos Santos Jaques
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Enzimologia Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Brazil.
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