151
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Lin ST, Teng LZ, Lin Y, Miao LH, Ge XP, Hao JY, Huang X, Liu B. Molecular and functional characterization of sirt4 and sirt6 in Megalobrama amblycephala under high glucose metabolism. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 231:87-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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152
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Betsinger CN, Cristea IM. Mitochondrial Function, Metabolic Regulation, and Human Disease Viewed through the Prism of Sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) Functions. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1929-1938. [PMID: 30913880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As cellular metabolic hubs, mitochondria are the main energy producers for the cell. These organelles host essential energy producing biochemical processes, including the TCA cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation. An accumulating body of literature has demonstrated that a majority of mitochondrial proteins are decorated with diverse posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Given the critical roles of these proteins in cellular metabolic pathways and response to environmental stress or pathogens, understanding the role of PTMs in regulating their functions has become an area of intense investigation. A major family of enzymes that regulate PTMs within the mitochondria are sirtuins (SIRTs). Albeit until recently the least understood sirtuin, SIRT4 has emerged as an enzyme capable of removing diverse PTMs from its substrates, thereby modulating their functions. SIRT4 was shown to have ADP-ribosyltransferase, deacetylase, lipoamidase, and deacylase enzymatic activities. As metabolic dysfunction is linked to human disease, SIRT4 levels and activities have been implicated in modulating susceptibility to hyperinsulinemia and diabetes, liver disease, cancer, neurodegeneration, heart disease, aging, and pathogenic infections. Therefore, SIRT4 has emerged as a possible candidate for targeted therapeutics. Here, we discuss the diverse enzymatic activities and substrates of SIRT4 and its roles in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora N Betsinger
- Department of Molecular Biology , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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153
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Chen X, Ding X, Wu Q, Qi J, Zhu M, Miao C. Monomethyltransferase SET8 facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma growth by enhancing aerobic glycolysis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:312. [PMID: 30952833 PMCID: PMC6450876 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive cancers worldwide. Despite such a public health importance, efficient therapeutic agents are still lacking for this malignancy. Most tumor cells use aerobic glycolysis to sustain anabolic growth, including HCC, and the preference of glycolysis often leads to a close association with poorer clinical outcomes. The histone methyltransferase SET8 plays crucial roles in controlling cell-cycle progression, transcription regulation, and tumorigenesis. However, it remains largely undefined whether SET8 affects the glucose metabolism in HCC. Here, we report that upregulation of SET8 is positively correlated with a poor survival rate in HCC patients. Both in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that SET8 deficiency conferred an impaired glucose metabolism phenotype and thus inhibited the progression of HCC tumors. By contrast, SET8 overexpression aggravated the glycolytic alterations and tumor progression. Mechanistically, SET8 directly binds to and inactivates KLF4, resulting in suppression of its downstream SIRT4. We also provided further evidence that mutations in SET8 failed to restrain the transactivation of SIRT4 by KLF4. Our data collectively uncover a novel mechanism of SET8 in mediating glycolytic metabolism in HCC cells and may provide a basis for targeting SET8 as a therapeutic strategy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaowei Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qichao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, shanghai, 200032, China.
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154
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Wang YS, Du L, Liang X, Meng P, Bi L, Wang YL, Wang C, Tang B. Sirtuin 4 Depletion Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tumorigenesis Through Regulating Adenosine-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Alpha/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Axis in Mice. Hepatology 2019; 69:1614-1631. [PMID: 30552782 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) has been reported to play a vital role in the maintenance of glutamine catabolism and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) homeostasis, but its character in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) remains obscure. In this study, we observed low expression of SIRT4 in both HCC cell lines and HCCs from patients. Decreased disease-free survival time is associated with low tumor levels of SIRT4 in patients. Deficiency of SIRT4 facilitated liver tumor development and lung metastasis in xenografts and knockout (KO) mice by promoting colony formation and migration of hepatoma cells and enhancing sphere formation of HCCs. Mechanistically, SIRT4 deletion augmented mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling by inactivating adenosine-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) through regulation of glutamine catabolism and subsequent AM)/liver kinase B1 (LKB1) axis. Blockage of mTOR by rapamycin or inhibition of glutaminolysis abolished the discrepancy in tumorigenic capacity between SIRT4-depleted hepatoma cells and control cells. Suppression of LKB1 or promotion of AMP by metformin also abrogated the hyperproliferative phenotype caused by SIRT4 loss, which further confirmed that the LKB1/AMPKα/mTOR axis is required in SIRT4-deficiency-promoted HCC tumorigenesis. Conclusion: SIRT4 could exert its tumor suppressive function in HCC by inhibiting glutamine metabolism and thereby increasing the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)/AMP levels to phosphorylate AMPKα by LKB1, which blocks the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Shan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Berkeley Biomedical Data Science Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xingsi Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Meng
- Zhangjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Biotecan Medical Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Bi
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Li Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Berkeley Biomedical Data Science Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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155
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Chen Z, Lin J, Feng S, Chen X, Huang H, Wang C, Yu Y, He Y, Han S, Zheng L, Huang G. SIRT4 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of thyroid cancer cells by inhibiting glutamine metabolism. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:2397-2408. [PMID: 30992675 PMCID: PMC6445187 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s189536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SIRT4, a protein localized in the mitochondria, is one of the least characteristic members of the sirtuin family. It is known that SIRT4 has deacetylase activity and plays a role in energy metabolism, but little is known about its possible role in carcinogenesis. Recently, several studies have suggested that SIRT4 may function as either a tumor oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene. However, its relationship with thyroid cancer remains unclear. Methods We stably overexpressed SIRT4 or silenced its expression in the human thyroid cancer cell line BCPAP by means of lentiviral vectors. We conducted a variety of tests, such as CCK-8, wound healing, migration, and invasion assays, to investigate the role of SIRT4 in the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of thyroid cancer cells. We also investigated the effects of SIRT4 overexpression on cell cycle progression and apoptosis of BCPAP cells and studied the role of glutamine metabolism in the effects of SIRT4 on BCPAP cell migration and invasion. Finally, we analyzed SIRT4 expression levels in thyroid cancer specimens by immunohistochemistry and investigated their association with clinicopathological features. Results Overexpression of SIRT4 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of BCPAP thyroid cancer cells, blocked the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, and induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, SIRT4 inhibited BCPAP migration and invasion by inhibiting glutamine metabolism. Moreover, we found that SIRT4 protein levels in thyroid cancer tissues were markedly lower than in their non-neoplastic tissue counterparts (P<0.001). Conclusion SIRT4 plays a pivotal role in the growth and metastasis of thyroid cancer cells and could be a potential therapeutic target in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouxun Chen
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Lin
- School of The First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Feng
- School of The First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuxu Chen
- School of The First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hanzhang Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China, ;
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China, ;
| | - Yujun Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China, ;
| | - Yu He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China, ;
| | - Shaoliang Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China, ;
| | - Linfeng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyu Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China, ;
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156
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Revisiting Histone Deacetylases in Human Tumorigenesis: The Paradigm of Urothelial Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061291. [PMID: 30875794 PMCID: PMC6471041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer is a common malignancy, being characterized by substantial patient mortality and management cost. Its high somatic-mutation frequency and molecular heterogeneity usually renders tumors refractory to the applied regimens. Hitherto, methotrexate-vinblastine-adriamycin-cisplatin and gemcitabine-cisplatin represent the backbone of systemic chemotherapy. However, despite the initial chemosensitivity, the majority of treated patients will eventually develop chemoresistance, which severely reduces their survival expectancy. Since chromatin regulation genes are more frequently mutated in muscle-invasive bladder cancer, as compared to other epithelial tumors, targeted therapies against chromatin aberrations in chemoresistant clones may prove beneficial for the disease. “Acetyl-chromatin” homeostasis is regulated by the opposing functions of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). The HDAC/SIRT (super-)family contains 18 members, which are divided in five classes, with each family member being differentially expressed in normal urinary bladder tissues. Since a strong association between irregular HDAC expression/activity and tumorigenesis has been previously demonstrated, we herein attempt to review the accumulated published evidences that implicate HDACs/SIRTs as critical regulators in urothelial bladder cancer. Moreover, the most extensively investigated HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) are also analyzed, and the respective clinical trials are also described. Interestingly, it seems that HDACis should be preferably used in drug-combination therapeutic schemes, including radiation.
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157
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Sharif T, Martell E, Dai C, Ghassemi-Rad MS, Kennedy BE, Lee PWK, Gujar S. Regulation of Cancer and Cancer-Related Genes via NAD . Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:906-923. [PMID: 29334761 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE NAD+ is an essential redox cofactor in cellular metabolism and has emerged as an important regulator of a wide spectrum of disease conditions, most notably, cancers. As such, various strategies targeting NAD+ synthesis in cancers are in clinical trials. Recent Advances: Being a substrate required for the activity of various enzyme families, especially sirtuins and poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerases, NAD+-mediated signaling plays an important role in gene expression, calcium release, cell cycle progression, DNA repair, and cell proliferation. Many strategies exploring the potential of interfering with NAD+ metabolism to sensitize cancer cells to achieve anticancer benefits are highly promising, and are being pursued. CRITICAL ISSUES With the multifaceted roles of NAD+ in cancer, it is important to understand how cellular processes are reliant on NAD+. This review summarizes how NAD+ metabolism regulates various pathophysiological processes in cancer, and how this knowledge can be exploited to devise effective anticancer therapies in clinical settings. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In line with the redundant pathways that facilitate NAD+ metabolism, further studies should comprehensively understand the roles of the various NAD+-synthesizing as well as NAD+-utilizing biomolecules to understand its true potential in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Sharif
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Emma Martell
- 2 Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Cathleen Dai
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - Barry E Kennedy
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Patrick W K Lee
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,2 Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Shashi Gujar
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,2 Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,3 Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,4 Centre for Innovative and Collaborative Health Systems Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
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158
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Carafa V, Altucci L, Nebbioso A. Dual Tumor Suppressor and Tumor Promoter Action of Sirtuins in Determining Malignant Phenotype. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:38. [PMID: 30761005 PMCID: PMC6363704 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs), class III histone deacetylases, are differentially expressed in several human cancers, where they display both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive properties depending on cellular context and experimental conditions. SIRTs are involved in many important biological processes and play a critical role in cancer initiation, promotion, and progression. A growing body of evidence indicates the involvement of SIRTs in regulating three important tumor processes: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis. Many SIRTs are responsible for cellular metabolic reprogramming and drug resistance by inactivating cell death pathways and promoting uncontrolled proliferation. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of SIRTs in cancer and discuss their puzzling dual function as tumor suppressors and tumor promoters, important for the future development of novel tailored SIRT-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Carafa
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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159
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Liu M, Wang Z, Ren M, Yang X, Liu B, Qi H, Yu M, Song S, Chen S, Liu L, Zhang Y, Zou J, Zhu WG, Yin Y, Luo J. SIRT4 regulates PTEN stability through IDE in response to cellular stresses. FASEB J 2019; 33:5535-5547. [PMID: 30649986 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801987r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) plays a critical role in regulating cell survival, cell growth, and proliferation by antagonizing the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. The regulatory mechanism of PTEN protein is still not completely understood. Here, we found that Sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) interacts with PTEN and regulates its stability. Overexpression of SIRT4 in cells causes down-regulation of PTEN. This regulation is independent of PTEN acetylation and ubiquitination. We further found that SIRT4 degrades PTEN through lysosome pathway mediated by insulin degrading enzyme (IDE). SIRT4 bridges PTEN and IDE for degradation in response to nutritional starvation stresses. Our results suggest that when cells were exposed to nutritional starvation, SIRT4 was induced and cooperated with IDE to degrade PTEN; low levels of PTEN promote cells to survive from cellular stress. Our findings provide a new regulation of PTEN in response to cellular stresses.-Liu, M., Wang, Z., Ren, M., Yang, X., Liu, B., Qi, H., Yu, M., Song, S., Chen, S., Liu, L., Zhang, Y., Zou, J., Zhu, W.-G., Yin, Y., Luo, J. SIRT4 regulates PTEN stability through IDE in response to cellular stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Ren
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Qi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Song
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaiyi Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Zou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Medical and Research Technology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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160
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Lu Y, Tao F, Zhou MT, Tang KF. The signaling pathways that mediate the anti-cancer effects of caloric restriction. Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:512-520. [PMID: 30641278 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to promote longevity and ameliorate aging-associated diseases, including cancer. Extensive research over recent decades has revealed that CR reduces IGF-1/PI3K/AKT signaling and increases sirtuin signaling. We recently found that CR also enhances ALDOA/DNA-PK/p53 signaling. In the present review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying the modulation of the IGF-1/PI3K/AKT pathway, sirtuin signaling, and the ALDOA/DNA-PK/p53 pathway by CR. We also summarize the evidence concerning the roles of these signaling pathways in carcinogenesis, and discuss how they are regulated by CR. Finally, we discuss the crosstalk between these signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Lu
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Fengxing Tao
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Meng-Tao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Kai-Fu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China; Digestive Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China.
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161
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Zhang N, Sauve AA. Regulatory Effects of NAD + Metabolic Pathways on Sirtuin Activity. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 154:71-104. [PMID: 29413178 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NAD+ acts as a crucial regulator of cell physiology and as an integral participant in cellular metabolism. By virtue of a variety of signaling activities this central metabolite can exert profound effects on organism health status. Thus, while it serves as a well-known metabolic cofactor functioning as a redox-active substrate, it can also function as a substrate for signaling enzymes, such as sirtuins, poly (ADP-ribosyl) polymerases, mono (ADP-ribosyl) transferases, and CD38. Sirtuins function as NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases (deacylases) and catalyze the reaction of NAD+ with acyllysine groups to remove the acyl modification from substrate proteins. This deacetylation provides a regulatory function and integrates cellular NAD+ metabolism into a large spectrum of cellular processes and outcomes, such as cell metabolism, cell survival, cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA repair, mitochondrial homeostasis and mitochondrial biogenesis, and even lifespan. Increased attention to how regulated and pharmacologic changes in NAD+ concentrations can impact sirtuin activities has motivated openings of new areas of research, including investigations of how NAD+ levels are regulated at the subcellular level, and searches for more potent NAD+ precursors typified by nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). This review describes current results and thinking of how NAD+ metabolic pathways regulate sirtuin activities and how regulated NAD+ levels can impact cell physiology. In addition, NAD+ precursors are discussed, with attention to how these might be harnessed to generate novel therapeutic options to treat the diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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162
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Warren JL, MacIver NJ. Regulation of Adaptive Immune Cells by Sirtuins. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:466. [PMID: 31354630 PMCID: PMC6637536 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well-established that the pathways that control lymphocyte metabolism and function are intimately linked, and changes in lymphocyte metabolism can influence and direct cellular function. Interestingly, a number of recent advances indicate that lymphocyte identity and metabolism is partially controlled via epigenetic regulation. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as changes in DNA methylation or histone acetylation, have been found to alter immune function and play a role in numerous chronic disease states. There are several enzymes that can mediate epigenetic changes; of particular interest are sirtuins, protein deacetylases that mediate adaptive responses to a variety of stresses (including calorie restriction and metabolic stress) and are now understood to play a significant role in immunity. This review will focus on recent advances in the understanding of how sirtuins affect the adaptive immune system. These pathways are of significant interest as therapeutic targets for the treatment of autoimmunity, cancer, and transplant tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Warren
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nancie J. MacIver
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Nancie J. MacIver
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163
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Overexpression of SIRT4 inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cells through cell cycle arrest. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:2171-2176. [PMID: 30745932 PMCID: PMC6350193 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+-dependent protein deacetylases. SIRT4 is a mitochondrial NAD+-dependent adenosine diphsophate-ribosyltransferase. Recent studies demonstrated that SIRT4 can regulate glutamine metabolism and thus act as a tumor suppressor. However, the association of SIRT4 with gastric cancer remains unknown. The present study investigated the potential role of SIRT4 in the proliferation of human gastric cancer cells. Gastric cancer cell lines (SGC-7901 and MNK45) overexpressing SIRT4 were established by lentiviral infection. The effect of overexpression of SIRT4 in gastric cancer was evaluated by determining the cell viability, proliferation activity and colony-forming ability of gastric cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, the cell cycle profiles of SGC-7901 and MNK45 cells overexpressing SIRT4 were evaluated to provide insights into potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Overexpression of SIRT4 significantly inhibited the proliferation and colony-forming ability of the gastric cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, overexpression of SIRT4 induced G1 cell cycle arrest via suppression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, cyclin D and cyclin E. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that SIRT4 may function as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer by regulating cell proliferation, therefore SIRT4 may be a potential therapeutic target against this disease.
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164
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Hong J, Wang X, Mei C, Wang H, Zan L. DNA Methylation and Transcription Factors Competitively Regulate SIRT4 Promoter Activity in Bovine Adipocytes: Roles of NRF1 and CMYB. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 38:63-75. [PMID: 30570339 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) belongs to the mitochondrial sirtuin protein family, a class of NAD+-dependent protein deacylases that remove post-translational acyl modifications from cellular substrates during the regulation of various biological pathways. SIRT4 has been shown to regulate lipid homeostasis. However, the mechanism by which the bovine SIRT4 gene is transcriptionally regulated remains unknown. To explore the molecular mechanism of SIRT4 expression, we obtained a 400-kb fragment of the 5'-regulatory region of bovine SIRT4 by molecular cloning, which contained a CpG island. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and luciferase reporter gene assays identified the nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and myb proto-oncogene protein (CMYB) binding sites as transcriptional repression and activation sites in the SIRT4 promoter region, respectively. We further verified that NRF1 and CMYB bind to the SIRT4 promoter using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. In addition, from DNA methylation and reporter gene assays, results revealed that SIRT4 promoter activity was enhanced by demethylation. Further, NRF1-mediated transcriptional inhibition and CMYB-mediated transcriptional activation of SIRT4 expression were strengthened by demethylation during bovine adipocyte differentiation. Taken together, our results shed light on the mechanism underlying the promoter methylation and transcriptional regulation of SIRT4 expression in bovine adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyun Hong
- 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chugang Mei
- 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,2 National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hongbao Wang
- 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,2 National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Linsen Zan
- 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,2 National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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165
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Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases in Host-Pathogen Interactions, Inflammation, and Immunity. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2018; 83:83/1/e00038-18. [PMID: 30567936 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00038-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature review presented here details recent research involving members of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of proteins. Among the 17 recognized members of the family, the human enzyme PARP1 is the most extensively studied, resulting in a number of known biological and metabolic roles. This review is focused on the roles played by PARP enzymes in host-pathogen interactions and in diseases with an associated inflammatory response. In mammalian cells, several PARPs have specific roles in the antiviral response; this is perhaps best illustrated by PARP13, also termed the zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP). Plant stress responses and immunity are also regulated by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. PARPs promote inflammatory responses by stimulating proinflammatory signal transduction pathways that lead to the expression of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules. Hence, PARP inhibitors show promise in the treatment of inflammatory disorders and conditions with an inflammatory component, such as diabetes, arthritis, and stroke. These functions are correlated with the biophysical characteristics of PARP family enzymes. This work is important in providing a comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenesis and host responses, as well as in the identification of inhibitors. This is important because the identification of inhibitors has been shown to be effective in arresting the progression of disease.
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166
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Wang Y, Guo Y, Gao J, Yuan X. Tumor-suppressive function of SIRT4 in neuroblastoma through mitochondrial damage. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:5591-5603. [PMID: 30519106 PMCID: PMC6234993 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s172509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SIRT4 is a member of the sirtuin family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent enzymes located in the mitochondria, and is involved in regulating energy metabolism, stress response, and cellular lifespan in mammalian cells. However, its function in human neuroblastoma (NB) remains unexplored. Methods Expression of SIRT4 in 158 pairs of human NB tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues collected from March 2009 to October 2012 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. For in vitro study, SIRT4 was overexpressed in SH-SY5Y, SK-N-BE, and IMR-32 cells to study the effects of SIRT4 expression on proliferation, invasion, and migration of human NB cells and on mitochondrial function. Results SIRT4 gene expression in human NB tumor tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent normal tissues (P<0.001). SIRT4 expression was lower in NB patients with higher International Neuroblastoma Staging System stage (P=0.018), with lymph node metastasis, than patients without lymph node metastasis (P<0.001). Survival times of NB patients with low expression of SIRT4 were significantly shorter than those of patients with high expression of SIRT4 (P=0.0036). Overexpression of SIRT4 significantly reduced the proliferation, invasion, and migration ability of NB cells as well as mitochondrial energy production, and caused SIRT1 upregulation and mitochondrial damage in NB cells. Conclusion SIRT4 exhibits a tumor suppressor function in human NB and inhibits mitochondrial metabolism and SIRT1 expression in tumor cells, thereby reducing the energy metabolism of tumor cells. These results suggest that SIRT4 may be a new therapeutic target for human NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Wang
- Department of Children's Rehabilitation, Shangqiu First People's Hospital of Henan, Shangqiu, Henan, China
| | - Yinmou Guo
- First Department of Oncology, Shangqiu First People's Hospital of Henan, Shangqiu, Henan, China,
| | - Jianzhi Gao
- Department of Oncology, Zhuozhou Hospital of Beijing 301 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Yuan
- Department of Children's Rehabilitation, Shangqiu First People's Hospital of Henan, Shangqiu, Henan, China
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167
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Mara P, Fragiadakis GS, Gkountromichos F, Alexandraki D. The pleiotropic effects of the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:170. [PMID: 30384856 PMCID: PMC6211499 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-1018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonium assimilation is linked to fundamental cellular processes that include the synthesis of non-essential amino acids like glutamate and glutamine. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae glutamate can be synthesized from α-ketoglutarate and ammonium through the action of NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenases Gdh1 and Gdh3. Gdh1 and Gdh3 are evolutionarily adapted isoforms and cover the anabolic role of the GDH-pathway. Here, we review the role and function of the GDH pathway in glutamate metabolism and we discuss the additional contributions of the pathway in chromatin regulation, nitrogen catabolite repression, ROS-mediated apoptosis, iron deficiency and sphingolipid-dependent actin cytoskeleton modulation in S.cerevisiae. The pleiotropic effects of GDH pathway in yeast biology highlight the importance of glutamate homeostasis in vital cellular processes and reveal new features for conserved enzymes that were primarily characterized for their metabolic capacity. These newly described features constitute insights that can be utilized for challenges regarding genetic engineering of glutamate homeostasis and maintenance of redox balances, biosynthesis of important metabolites and production of organic substrates. We also conclude that the discussed pleiotropic features intersect with basic metabolism and set a new background for further glutamate-dependent applied research of biotechnological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Mara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 71003 Heraklion, Crete Greece
- Present Address: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
| | - G. S. Fragiadakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, FORTH, Nikolaou Plastira 100 GR-70013, Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - F. Gkountromichos
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 71003 Heraklion, Crete Greece
- Faculty of Biology, Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - D. Alexandraki
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 71003 Heraklion, Crete Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, FORTH, Nikolaou Plastira 100 GR-70013, Heraklion, Crete Greece
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168
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An overview of Sirtuins as potential therapeutic target: Structure, function and modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 161:48-77. [PMID: 30342425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin (Yeast Silent Information RegulatorsⅡ, Sir2) was first discovered in the 1970s. Because of its function by removing acetylated groups from histones in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), waves of research have assessed the potential of Sirtuin as a therapeutic target. The Sirtuin family, which is widely distributed throughout the nature, has been divided into seven human isoforms (Sirt1-Sirt7). They are thought to be closely related to some aging diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, neurodegeneration, and tumors. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of the structure, function and modulators of Sirtuins, which is expected to be beneficial to relevant studies.
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169
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Miranda-Gonçalves V, Lameirinhas A, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Metabolism and Epigenetic Interplay in Cancer: Regulation and Putative Therapeutic Targets. Front Genet 2018; 9:427. [PMID: 30356832 PMCID: PMC6190739 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the epigenome and metabolism affect molecular rewiring of cancer cells facilitating cancer development and progression. Modulation of histone and DNA modification enzymes occurs owing to metabolic reprogramming driven by oncogenes and expression of metabolism-associated genes is, in turn, epigenetically regulated, promoting the well-known metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and, consequently, altering the metabolome. Thus, several malignant traits are supported by the interplay between metabolomics and epigenetics, promoting neoplastic transformation. In this review we emphasize the importance of tumour metabolites in the activity of most chromatin-modifying enzymes and implication in neoplastic transformation. Furthermore, candidate targets deriving from metabolism of cancer cells and altered epigenetic factors is emphasized, focusing on compounds that counteract the epigenomic-metabolic interplay in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Miranda-Gonçalves
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Lameirinhas
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Master in Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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170
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Qin Y, Ye J, Zhao F, Hu S, Wang S. TRIM2 regulates the development and metastasis of tumorous cells of osteosarcoma. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1643-1656. [PMID: 30066883 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate candidate genes involved in the development and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Candidate genes were screened preliminarily from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and then validated using actual tumor tissues collected from patients with osteosarcoma. The cells were prepared and transfected with specific gene-targeted small interfering RNA followed by an MTS assay for cell viability detection and Transwell assays for cell migration and invasion capacity detection. The cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and the protein level of the genes was detected by western blot analysis. An in vivo nude model was used and injected with cells to detect the functions of the genes. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to verify the regulation network, followed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses for validation. Increased tripartite motif-containing protein 2 (TRIM2) was detected in the osteosarcoma tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. The inhibition of TRIM2 induced lower cell viability and cell invasion capacity, and increased the rate of cell apoptosis. Decreased TRIM2 also inhibited the development and metastasis of osteosarcoma in the nude mouse models. The transcriptome sequencing revealed that the regulation of TRIM2 may be correlated with genes, Sirtuin 4, DNA damage inducible transcript 3, cAMP responsive element binding protein 5, G protein-coupled receptor 65 (GPR65) and ADP-ribosyltransferase 5. Western blot analysis indicated that TRIM2 regulated the development and metastasis of osteosarcoma via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. Therefore, TRIM2 performs important functions in regulating the development and metastasis of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Jichao Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Fulan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Shaoyu Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Suwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
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Sheng W, Lu Y, Mei F, Wang N, Liu ZZ, Han YY, Wang HT, Zou S, Xu H, Zhang X. Effect of Resveratrol on Sirtuins, OPA1, and Fis1 Expression in Adult Zebrafish Retina. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 59:4542-4551. [PMID: 30208422 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Sheng
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China
| | - Feng Mei
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhi-Zhi Liu
- Institute of Life Science of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Life Sciences of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular, Digestive and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying-Ying Han
- Institute of Life Science of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Life Sciences of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular, Digestive and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Han-Tsing Wang
- Institute of Life Science of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Life Sciences of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular, Digestive and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Suqi Zou
- Institute of Life Science of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Life Sciences of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Institute of Life Science of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Life Sciences of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular, Digestive and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular, Digestive and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanchang, China
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172
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Costa-Machado LF, Martín-Hernández R, Sanchez-Luengo MÁ, Hess K, Vales-Villamarin C, Barradas M, Lynch C, de la Nava D, Diaz-Ruiz A, de Cabo R, Cañamero M, Martinez L, Sanchez-Carbayo M, Herranz D, Serrano M, Fernandez-Marcos PJ. Sirt1 protects from K-Ras-driven lung carcinogenesis. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:e43879. [PMID: 30021836 PMCID: PMC6123659 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 can be oncogenic or tumor suppressive depending on the tissue. Little is known about the role of SIRT1 in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), one of the deadliest cancers, that is frequently associated with mutated K-RAS Therefore, we investigated the effect of SIRT1 on K-RAS-driven lung carcinogenesis. We report that SIRT1 protein levels are downregulated by oncogenic K-RAS in a MEK and PI3K-dependent manner in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs), and in human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Furthermore, Sirt1 overexpression in mice delays the appearance of K-RasG12V-driven lung adenocarcinomas, reducing the number and size of carcinomas at the time of death and extending survival. Consistently, lower levels of SIRT1 are associated with worse prognosis in human NSCLCs. Mechanistically, analysis of mouse Sirt1-Tg pneumocytes, isolated shortly after K-RasG12V activation, reveals that Sirt1 overexpression alters pathways involved in tumor development: proliferation, apoptosis, or extracellular matrix organization. Our work demonstrates a tumor suppressive role of SIRT1 in the development of K-RAS-driven lung adenocarcinomas in mice and humans, suggesting that the SIRT1-K-RAS axis could be a therapeutic target for NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Filipe Costa-Machado
- Bioactive Products and Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Martín-Hernández
- GENYAL Nutrigenomic Platform, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Katharina Hess
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Vales-Villamarin
- Bioactive Products and Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Barradas
- Bioactive Products and Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cian Lynch
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel de la Nava
- Bioactive Products and Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Diaz-Ruiz
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Nutritional Interventions Group, Precision Nutrition and Aging, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Nutritional Interventions Group, Precision Nutrition and Aging, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cañamero
- Histopathology Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Pathology and Tissue Analysis, Pharma Research and Early Development Roche Innovation Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - Lola Martinez
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Sanchez-Carbayo
- Translational Oncology Lab, Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Daniel Herranz
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo J Fernandez-Marcos
- Bioactive Products and Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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173
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Grande IPP, Amorim PVGH, Freire ACTB, Jallad RS, Musolino NR, Cescato VA, da Silva GO, Bronstein MD, Trarbach EB. Differential gene expression of sirtuins between somatotropinomas and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. Pituitary 2018; 21:355-361. [PMID: 29564694 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-018-0881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins 1-7 (SIRT) are a highly conserved family of histone deacetylases involved in the regulation of longevity that have a considerable impact in transcription, DNA repair regulation, telomeric stability, cell senescence and apoptosis. In the present study, SIRT1-7 mRNA levels were evaluated in 37 somatotropinomas and 31 nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) using qPCR and relation to tumor size, invasiveness and Ki-67 proliferative index was made. Overexpression of SIRT1 was observed in 86.5% of somatotropinomas versus 41.9% of NFPAs (P < 0.01). SIRT3 was more underexpressed in NFPAs than somatotropinomas (77.4 and 40.5%, respectively, P < 0.01) as well as SIRT4 and SIRT7. Despite the lack of association between sirtuins and invasiveness or Ki-67 index, SIRT1 and SIRT3 expressions were related to tumor size. Mean of the largest diameter was smaller in adenomas with SIRT1 overexpression than with normal expression (P < 0.01) and SIRT3 underexpression was associated with larger tumors (P < 0.01). In conclusion, a pronounced difference in sirtuins expression was identified between pituitary adenomas, suggesting that these genes are potential markers of pituitary adenomas and could be employed in the characterization of somatotropinomas and NFPAs. The role of sirtuins in pathogenesis of pituitary tumors merits further investigation and possibly will provide new molecular insight about their progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella P P Grande
- Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular, LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clinicas, FMUSP, Rua Dr Arnaldo, 455 -LIM25, 4o andar, sala 4305, Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Paulo V G H Amorim
- Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular, LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clinicas, FMUSP, Rua Dr Arnaldo, 455 -LIM25, 4o andar, sala 4305, Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Ane Caroline Thé B Freire
- Unidade de Neuroendocrinologia, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clinicas, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel S Jallad
- Unidade de Neuroendocrinologia, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clinicas, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nina R Musolino
- Divisao de Neurocirurgia Funcional, Instituto de Psiquiatria - IPq, Hospital das Clinicas, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valter A Cescato
- Divisao de Neurocirurgia Funcional, Instituto de Psiquiatria - IPq, Hospital das Clinicas, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto O da Silva
- Divisao de Neurocirurgia Funcional, Instituto de Psiquiatria - IPq, Hospital das Clinicas, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcello D Bronstein
- Unidade de Neuroendocrinologia, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clinicas, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ericka B Trarbach
- Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular, LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clinicas, FMUSP, Rua Dr Arnaldo, 455 -LIM25, 4o andar, sala 4305, Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil.
- Unidade de Neuroendocrinologia, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clinicas, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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174
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Sun H, Huang D, Liu G, Jian F, Zhu J, Zhang L. SIRT4 acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3959-3968. [PMID: 30022839 PMCID: PMC6044351 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s156143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous study has proven that SIRT4 is downregulated in gastric cancer (GC), but the role of SIRT4 has not been clearly understood. The aim of our work was to explore in detail the function and mechanism of SIRT4 in GC. Methods A total of 86 pairs of GC tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analyses were used to determine the expression of SIRT4. Results Our study revealed that the expression of SIRT4 was downregulated in GC tissues and cells. In addition, the low expression of SIRT4 was negatively correlated with tumor size, pathological grade, and lymph node metastasis, which predicted a poor prognosis. Multiple functional experiments, including Cell Counting Kit-8 assay as well as colony formation assay, demonstrated SIRT4 suppressed cell proliferation. Moreover, we found epithelial-mesenchymal transition was regulated by SIRT4, thereby regulating cell migration and invasion. Conclusion Overall, our findings show that SIRT4 serves as a tumor suppressor in GC and might act as a novel biomarker and a therapeutic target of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Changyi People's Hospital, Changyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongli Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Changyi People's Hospital, Changyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozheng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Changyi People's Hospital, Changyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengguo Jian
- Department of General Surgery, Changyi People's Hospital, Changyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Changyi People's Hospital, Changyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China,
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175
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Tang Z, Li L, Tang Y, Xie D, Wu K, Wei W, Xiao Q. CDK2 positively regulates aerobic glycolysis by suppressing SIRT5 in gastric cancer. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2590-2598. [PMID: 29896817 PMCID: PMC6113437 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer, the overall survival rate of the disease remains unchanged at approximately 20%‐25%. Thus, there is an urgent need for a better understanding of the molecular biology aspects of the disease in the hope of discovering novel diagnosis and treatment strategies. Recent years have witnessed decisive roles of aberrant cancer cell metabolism in the maintenance of malignant hallmarks of cancers, and cancer cell metabolism has been regarded as a novel target for the treatment of cancer. CDK2, a cell cycle‐dependent kinase that usually regulates cell cycle progression and the DNA damage response, is reported to be upregulated in many cancers. However, little is known about its role in cancer cell metabolism. In the present study, we showed that silencing CDK2 inhibited the aerobic glycolytic capacity of gastric cancer cell lines. Mechanism explorations showed that silencing CDK2 increased expression of the SIRT5 tumor suppressor. In addition, the physiological roles of SIRT5 in the regulation of proliferation and glycolysis were studied in gastric cancer cells. Taken together, the present study uncovered novel roles of the CDK2/SIRT5 axis in gastric cancer and suggests future studies concerning gastric cancer cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyong Tang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Surgery, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yuntian Tang
- Department of Surgery, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Dongyi Xie
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weiyuan Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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176
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Spinelli JB, Haigis MC. The multifaceted contributions of mitochondria to cellular metabolism. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:745-754. [PMID: 29950572 PMCID: PMC6541229 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 893] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although classically appreciated for their role as the powerhouse of the cell, the metabolic functions of mitochondria reach far beyond bioenergetics. In this Review, we discuss how mitochondria catabolize nutrients for energy, generate biosynthetic precursors for macromolecules, compartmentalize metabolites for the maintenance of redox homeostasis and function as hubs for metabolic waste management. We address the importance of these roles in both normal physiology and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Spinelli
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Ludwig Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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177
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Khan RI, Nirzhor SSR, Akter R. A Review of the Recent Advances Made with SIRT6 and its Implications on Aging Related Processes, Major Human Diseases, and Possible Therapeutic Targets. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8030044. [PMID: 29966233 PMCID: PMC6164879 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ (NAD+) dependent enzyme and stress response protein that has sparked the curiosity of many researchers in different branches of the biomedical sciences. A unique member of the known Sirtuin family, SIRT6 has several different functions in multiple different molecular pathways related to DNA repair, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, tumorigenesis, neurodegeneration, cardiac hypertrophic responses, and more. Only in recent times, however, did the potential usefulness of SIRT6 come to light as we learned more about its biochemical activity, regulation, biological roles, and structure Frye (2000). Even until very recently, SIRT6 was known more for chromatin signaling but, being a nascent topic of study, more information has been ascertained and its potential involvement in major human diseases including diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and heart disease. It is pivotal to explore the mechanistic workings of SIRT6 since future research may hold the key to engendering strategies involving SIRT6 that may have significant implications for human health and expand upon possible treatment options. In this review, we are primarily concerned with exploring the latest advances in understanding SIRT6 and how it can alter the course of several life-threatening diseases such as processes related to aging, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, heart disease, and diabetes (SIRT6 has also shown to be involved in liver disease, inflammation, and bone-related issues) and any recent promising pharmacological investigations or potential therapeutics that are of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raushanara Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, BRAC University, 1212 Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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178
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Lang A, Anand R, Altinoluk-Hambüchen S, Ezzahoini H, Stefanski A, Iram A, Bergmann L, Urbach J, Böhler P, Hänsel J, Franke M, Stühler K, Krutmann J, Scheller J, Stork B, Reichert AS, Piekorz RP. SIRT4 interacts with OPA1 and regulates mitochondrial quality control and mitophagy. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:2163-2189. [PMID: 29081403 PMCID: PMC5680561 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The stress-responsive mitochondrial sirtuin SIRT4 controls cellular energy metabolism in a NAD+-dependent manner and is implicated in cellular senescence and aging. Here we reveal a novel function of SIRT4 in mitochondrial morphology/quality control and regulation of mitophagy. We report that moderate overexpression of SIRT4, but not its enzymatically inactive mutant H161Y, sensitized cells to mitochondrial stress. CCCP-triggered dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential resulted in increased mitochondrial ROS levels and autophagic flux, but surprisingly led to increased mitochondrial mass and decreased Parkin-regulated mitophagy. The anti-respiratory effect of elevated SIRT4 was accompanied by increased levels of the inner-membrane bound long form of the GTPase OPA1 (L-OPA1) that promotes mitochondrial fusion and thereby counteracts fission and mitophagy. Consistent with this, upregulation of endogenous SIRT4 expression in fibroblast models of senescence either by transfection with miR-15b inhibitors or by ionizing radiation increased L-OPA1 levels and mitochondrial fusion in a SIRT4-dependent manner. We further demonstrate that SIRT4 interacts physically with OPA1 in co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Overall, we propose that the SIRT4-OPA1 axis is causally linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and altered mitochondrial dynamics that translates into aging-associated decreased mitophagy based on an unbalanced mitochondrial fusion/fission cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lang
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruchika Anand
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie I, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simone Altinoluk-Hambüchen
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hakima Ezzahoini
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anja Stefanski
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (BMFZ), Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Afshin Iram
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Bergmann
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Urbach
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie I, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philip Böhler
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin I, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Hänsel
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Manuel Franke
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (BMFZ), Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Björn Stork
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin I, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie I, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland P Piekorz
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
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179
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Huang G, Zhu G. Sirtuin-4 (SIRT4), a therapeutic target with oncogenic and tumor-suppressive activity in cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3395-3400. [PMID: 29928130 PMCID: PMC6001835 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s157724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several members of the sirtuin (SIRT) family, a highly conserved family of NAD+-dependent enzymes, have been shown to play a critical role in both promoting and/or suppressing tumorigenesis. In this study, recent progress in the field concerning SIRT4 and cancer was reviewed, and the relationship between SIRT4 and tumors was investigated. Subsequently, we evaluated the role of SIRT4 with oncogenic or tumor-suppressive activity in cancer, which may provide insight in identifying the underlying mechanism of action of SIRT4 in cancer. Finally, we explored the potential of SIRT4 as a therapeutic target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanbao Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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180
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Yang X, Li G, Tian Y, Song Y, Liang W, Zhang D. A Rice Glutamyl-tRNA Synthetase Modulates Early Anther Cell Division and Patterning. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:728-744. [PMID: 29720556 PMCID: PMC6001321 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) have housekeeping roles in protein synthesis, but little is known about how these aaRSs are involved in organ development. Here, we report that a rice (Oryza sativa) glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (OsERS1) maintains proper somatic cell organization and limits the overproliferation of male germ cells during early anther development. The expression of OsERS1 is specifically detectable in meristematic layer 2-derived cells of the early anther, and osers1 anthers exhibit overproliferation and disorganization of layer 2-derived cells, producing fused lobes and extra germ cells in early anthers. The conserved biochemical function of OsERS1 in ligating glutamate to tRNAGlu is enhanced by its cofactor aaRS OsARC. Furthermore, metabolomics profiling revealed that OsERS1 is an important node for multiple metabolic pathways, indicated by the accumulation of amino acids and tricarboxylic acid cycle components in osers1 anthers. Notably, the anther defects of the osers1 mutant are causally associated with the abnormal accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, which can reconstitute the osers1 phenotype when applied to wild-type anthers. Collectively, these findings demonstrate how aaRSs affect male organ development in plants, likely through protein synthesis, metabolic homeostasis, and redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Yang
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuesheng Tian
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yu Song
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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181
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Zhu Y, Wang G, Li X, Wang T, Weng M, Zhang Y. Knockout of SIRT4 decreases chemosensitivity to 5-FU in colorectal cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1675-1681. [PMID: 30008852 PMCID: PMC6036483 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that sirtuin (SIRT) 4 is aberrantly expressed in human malignant tumors and is associated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. However, the role of SIRT4 in the progression of human colorectal cancer (CRC) and in chemotherapy remains unclear. In the present study, the expression of SIRT4 in CRC tissues and the effect of SIRT4 on colorectal cancer proliferation, migration and invasion was investigated. Additionally, the effects of SIRT4 on the chemosensitivity in colorectal cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms were also explored. The results demonstrated that SIRT4 expression is significantly downregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines. Downregulation of SIRT4 significantly increased tumor proliferation, migration and invasion. Additionally, downregulation of SIRT4 decreased the chemosensitivity of CRC cells by inhibiting cell apoptosis. Thus, these results suggest that SIRT4 may be a promising therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Tianzhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Mingjiao Weng
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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182
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Abstract
Sirtuins belong to an evolutionarily conserved family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases that share multiple cellular functions related to proliferation, DNA repair, mitochondrial energy homeostasis, and antioxidant activity. Mammalians express seven sirtuins (SIRT1-7) that are localized in different subcellular compartments. Changes in sirtuin expression are critical in several diseases, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cancer, and aging. In the kidney, the most widely studied sirtuin is SIRT1, which exerts cytoprotective effects by inhibiting cell apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis together with SIRT3, a crucial metabolic sensor that regulates ATP generation and mitochondrial adaptive response to stress. Here, we provide an overview of the biologic effects of sirtuins and the molecular targets thereof regulating renal physiology. This review also details progress made in understanding the effect of sirtuins in the pathophysiology of chronic and acute kidney diseases, highlighting the key role of SIRT1, SIRT3, and now SIRT6 as potential therapeutic targets. In this context, the current pharmacologic approaches to enhancing the activity of SIRT1 and SIRT3 will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Morigi
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Luca Perico
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ariela Benigni
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Bergamo, Italy
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183
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Zarkou V, Galaras A, Giakountis A, Hatzis P. Crosstalk mechanisms between the WNT signaling pathway and long non-coding RNAs. Noncoding RNA Res 2018; 3:42-53. [PMID: 30159439 PMCID: PMC6096407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway controls a plethora of biological processes throughout animal development and adult life. Because of its fundamental role during animal lifespan, the WNT pathway is subject to strict positive and negative multi-layered regulation, while its aberrant activity causes a wide range of pathologies, including cancer. At present, despite the inroads into the molecules involved in WNT-mediated transcriptional responses, the fine-tuning of WNT pathway activity and the totality of its target genes have not been fully elucidated. Over the past few years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), RNA transcripts longer that 200nt that do not code for proteins, have emerged as significant transcriptional regulators. Recent studies show that lncRNAs can modulate WNT pathway outcome by affecting gene expression through diversified mechanisms, from the transcriptional to post-translational level. In this review, we selectively discuss those lncRNA-mediated mechanisms we believe the most important to WNT pathway modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Zarkou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center ‘Alexander Fleming’, 16672 Vari, Greece
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Galaras
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center ‘Alexander Fleming’, 16672 Vari, Greece
- Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Goudi, Greece
| | - Antonis Giakountis
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center ‘Alexander Fleming’, 16672 Vari, Greece
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Pantelis Hatzis
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center ‘Alexander Fleming’, 16672 Vari, Greece
- Corresponding author.
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184
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Abstract
Glucose and Glutamine are two essential ingredients for cell growth. However, it remains open for investigation whether there is a general mechanism that coordinates the consumption of glucose and glutamine in cancer cells. Glutamine is mainly metabolized through the glutaminolysis pathway and our previous report indicated that CtBP increases GDH activity and promotes glutaminolysis through repressing the expression of SIRT4, a well-known mitochondrion-located factor that inhibits glutaminolysis pathway. CtBP is known to be a sensor of intracellular metabolic status; we thus hypothesized that a consensus CtBP-SIRT4-GDH axis may mediate the crosstalk between glycolysis and glutaminolysis. Herein, supporting this hypothesis, we observed the coordinated consumption of glucose and glutamine across different cell lines. This coordination was found to be related to CtBP repression activity on SIRT4 expression under high level of glucose but not low glucose level. Low level of glucose supply was found to decrease GDH activity via blocking CtBP dimerization. Mechanically, low glucose also abolished CtBP binding to SIRT4 promoter and the repression of SIRT4 expression. Consistently, the CtBP dimerization inhibitor MTOB mimicked low glucose effects on SIRT4 expression, and GDH activity suggest that CtBP requires high glucose supply to act as a suppressor of SIRT4 gene. In conclusion, we propose that a general molecular pathway composed by CtBP-SIRT4-GDH coordinating the metabolism of glucose and glutamine in cancer cells.
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185
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Kato Y, Kihara H, Fukui K, Kojima M. A ternary complex model of Sirtuin4-NAD +-Glutamate dehydrogenase. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 74:94-104. [PMID: 29571013 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin4 (Sirt4) is one of the mammalian homologues of Silent information regulator 2 (Sir2), which promotes the longevity of yeast, C. elegans, fruit flies and mice. Sirt4 is localized in the mitochondria, where it contributes to preventing the development of cancers and ischemic heart disease through regulating energy metabolism. The ADP-ribosylation of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), which is catalyzed by Sirt4, downregulates the TCA cycle. However, this reaction mechanism is obscure, because the structure of Sirt4 is unknown. We here constructed structural models of Sirt4 by homology modeling and threading, and docked nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ (NAD+) to Sirt4. In addition, a partial GDH structure was docked to the Sirt4-NAD+ complex model. In the ternary complex model of Sirt4-NAD+-GDH, the acetylated lysine 171 of GDH is located close to NAD+. This suggests a possible mechanism underlying the ADP-ribosylation at cysteine 172, which may occur through a transient intermediate with ADP-ribosylation at the acetylated lysine 171. These results may be useful in designing drugs for the treatment of cancers and ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kato
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan; Himeji Hinomoto College, 890 Koro, Himeji 679-2151, Japan; Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kihara
- Himeji Hinomoto College, 890 Koro, Himeji 679-2151, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Fukui
- Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masaki Kojima
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan
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186
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Carrico C, Meyer JG, He W, Gibson BW, Verdin E. The Mitochondrial Acylome Emerges: Proteomics, Regulation by Sirtuins, and Metabolic and Disease Implications. Cell Metab 2018; 27. [PMID: 29514063 PMCID: PMC5863732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of lysine residues via reversible acylation occurs on proteins from diverse pathways, functions, and organisms. While nuclear protein acylation reflects the competing activities of enzymatic acyltransferases and deacylases, mitochondrial acylation appears to be driven mostly via a non-enzymatic mechanism. Three protein deacylases, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5, reside in the mitochondria and remove these modifications from targeted proteins in an NAD+-dependent manner. Recent proteomic surveys of mitochondrial protein acylation have identified the sites of protein acetylation, succinylation, glutarylation, and malonylation and their regulation by SIRT3 and SIRT5. Here, we review recent advances in this rapidly moving field, their biological significance, and their implications for mitochondrial function, metabolic regulation, and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Carrico
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA; Gladstone Institutes and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jesse G Meyer
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Wenjuan He
- Gladstone Institutes and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brad W Gibson
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA; Gladstone Institutes and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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187
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Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are NAD(+)-dependent enzymes that catalyze deacylation of protein lysine residues. In mammals, seven sirtuins have been identified, SIRT1-7. SIRT3-5 are mainly or exclusively localized within mitochondria and mainly participate in the regulation of energy metabolic pathways. Since mitochondrial ATP regeneration is inevitably linked to the maintenance of cardiac pump function, it is not surprising that recent studies revealed a role for mitochondrial sirtuins in the regulation of myocardial energetics and function. In addition, mitochondrial sirtuins modulate the extent of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury and the development of cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Thus, targeting mitochondrial sirtuins has been proposed as a novel approach to improve myocardial mitochondrial energetics, which is frequently impaired in cardiac disease and considered an important underlying cause contributing to several cardiac pathologies, including myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury and heart failure. In the current review, we present and discuss the available literature on mitochondrial sirtuins and their potential roles in cardiac physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Bugger
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Constantin N Witt
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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188
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Tatone C, Di Emidio G, Barbonetti A, Carta G, Luciano AM, Falone S, Amicarelli F. Sirtuins in gamete biology and reproductive physiology: emerging roles and therapeutic potential in female and male infertility. Hum Reprod Update 2018; 24:267-289. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Tatone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Gynecology Unit, Reproductive Service, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanna Di Emidio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Gynecology Unit, Reproductive Service, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Gaspare Carta
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Gynecology Unit, Reproductive Service, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Alberto M Luciano
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Falone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Fernanda Amicarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), CNR, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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189
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Turgeon MO, Perry NJS, Poulogiannis G. DNA Damage, Repair, and Cancer Metabolism. Front Oncol 2018; 8:15. [PMID: 29459886 PMCID: PMC5807667 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there has been a renewed interest in the field of cancer metabolism in the last decade, the link between metabolism and DNA damage/DNA repair in cancer has yet to be appreciably explored. In this review, we examine the evidence connecting DNA damage and repair mechanisms with cell metabolism through three principal links. (1) Regulation of methyl- and acetyl-group donors through different metabolic pathways can impact DNA folding and remodeling, an essential part of accurate double strand break repair. (2) Glutamine, aspartate, and other nutrients are essential for de novo nucleotide synthesis, which dictates the availability of the nucleotide pool, and thereby influences DNA repair and replication. (3) Reactive oxygen species, which can increase oxidative DNA damage and hence the load of the DNA-repair machinery, are regulated through different metabolic pathways. Interestingly, while metabolism affects DNA repair, DNA damage can also induce metabolic rewiring. Activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) triggers an increase in nucleotide synthesis and anabolic glucose metabolism, while also reducing glutamine anaplerosis. Furthermore, mutations in genes involved in the DDR and DNA repair also lead to metabolic rewiring. Links between cancer metabolism and DNA damage/DNA repair are increasingly apparent, yielding opportunities to investigate the mechanistic basis behind potential metabolic vulnerabilities of a substantial fraction of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Olivier Turgeon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J S Perry
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Poulogiannis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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190
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Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of intracellular enzymes whose enzymatic activities include catalyzing the β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (β-NAD+)-dependent Nɛ-acyl-lysine deacylation and the β-NAD+-dependent mono-ADP-ribosylation. Among the seven sirtuin family members (i.e., SIRT1-7) thus far identified in mammals including humans, we know SIRT1/2/3/5/6 better than SIRT4/7 as for their enzymatic activities and the cellular roles of the reactions they catalyze. This chapter will provide an updated account on the enzymology and biology of SIRT4 and SIRT7, the two less well-understood mammalian sirtuins. It is hoped that this article will also be able to set a stage for the medicinal chemistry work on SIRT4 and SIRT7, potentially developing novel therapeutic agents for human diseases.
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191
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Targeting of stress response pathways in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:583-602. [PMID: 29339119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hallmarks of tumor tissue are not only genetic aberrations but also the presence of metabolic and oxidative stress as a result of hypoxia and lactic acidosis. The stress activates several prosurvival pathways including metabolic remodeling, autophagy, antioxidant response, mitohormesis, and glutaminolysis, whose upregulation in tumors is associated with a poor survival of patients, while their activation in healthy tissue with statins, metformin, physical activity, and natural compounds prevents carcinogenesis. This review emphasizes the dual role of stress response pathways in cancer and suggests the integrative understanding as a basis for the development of rational therapy targeting the stress response.
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192
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Wever CM, Geoffrion D, Grande BM, Yu S, Alcaide M, Lemaire M, Riazalhosseini Y, Hébert J, Gavino C, Vinh DC, Petrogiannis-Haliotis T, Dmitrienko S, Mann KK, Morin RD, Johnson NA. The genomic landscape of two Burkitt lymphoma cases and derived cell lines: comparison between primary and relapse samples. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 59:2159-2174. [PMID: 29295643 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1413186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Relapse occurs in 10-40% of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) patients that have completed intensive chemotherapy regimens and is typically fatal. While treatment-naive BL has been characterized, the genomic landscape of BL at the time of relapse (rBL) has never been reported. Here, we present a genomic characterization of two rBL patients. The diagnostic samples had mutations common in BL, including MYC and CCND3. Additional mutations were detected at relapse, affecting important pathways such as NFκB (IKBKB) and MEK/ERK (NRAS) signaling, glutamine metabolism (SIRT4), and RNA processing (ZFP36L2). Genes implicated in drug resistance were also mutated at relapse (TP53, BAX, ALDH3A1, APAF1, FANCI). This concurrent genomic profiling of samples obtained at diagnosis and relapse has revealed mutations not previously reported in this disease. The patient-derived cell lines will be made available and, along with their detailed genetics, will be a valuable resource to examine the role of specific mutations in therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Wever
- a Department of Medicine , McGill University, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital , Montreal , Canada.,b Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital , Montreal , Canada
| | | | - Bruno M Grande
- c Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , Canada.,d Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Stephen Yu
- c Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , Canada
| | - Miguel Alcaide
- c Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , Canada
| | - Maryse Lemaire
- b Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital , Montreal , Canada
| | - Yasser Riazalhosseini
- e Department of Human Genetics , McGill University , Montreal , Canada.,f McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre , Montreal , Canada
| | - Josée Hébert
- g Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Université de Montréal , Montreal , Canada.,h Research Centre and Division of Hematology-Oncology Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital , The Québec Leukemia Cell Bank , Montreal , Canada
| | - Christina Gavino
- i Infectious Disease Susceptibility Program (Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre) , Montreal , Canada.,j Department of Medicine , Medical Microbiology and Human Genetics (McGill University Health Centre) , Montreal , Canada
| | - Donald C Vinh
- i Infectious Disease Susceptibility Program (Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre) , Montreal , Canada.,j Department of Medicine , Medical Microbiology and Human Genetics (McGill University Health Centre) , Montreal , Canada
| | | | | | - Koren K Mann
- a Department of Medicine , McGill University, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital , Montreal , Canada.,b Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital , Montreal , Canada
| | - Ryan D Morin
- c Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , Canada.,d Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Nathalie A Johnson
- a Department of Medicine , McGill University, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital , Montreal , Canada.,b Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital , Montreal , Canada
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193
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Min Z, Gao J, Yu Y. The Roles of Mitochondrial SIRT4 in Cellular Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:783. [PMID: 30666234 PMCID: PMC6330279 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins comprise a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent lysine deacylases that regulate the life span, aging, and metabolism. Seven sirtuin family members (SIRT1-7) have been identified in mammals, including humans. Despite the indispensable role of mitochondrial sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) in metabolic regulation, the primary enzymatic activity of SIRT4 remains enigmatic. SIRT4 possesses ADP-ribosyltransferase, lipoamidase and deacylase activities. Interestingly, the enzymatic activities and substrates of SIRT4 vary in different tissues and cells. SIRT4 inhibits insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells and regulates insulin sensitivity as a deacylase in the pancreas. SIRT4 represses fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in muscle and liver cells differently. SIRT4 has also been identified as a mitochondrial-localized tumor suppressor. A comprehensive understanding of the enzymology of SIRT4 in metabolism is essential for developing novel therapeutic agents for human metabolic diseases. This review will update the roles of SIRT4 in cellular and organismal metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheying Min
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangman Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Yu
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194
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Huang G, Lin Y, Zhu G. SIRT4 is upregulated in breast cancer and promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:11849-11856. [PMID: 31966549 PMCID: PMC6966060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several members of the SIRT family (SIRT1-7), a highly conserved family of NAD+-dependent enzymes, play an important role in tumor formation. Recently, several studies have suggested that SIRT4 may function as both a tumor oncogene and a tumor suppressor. However, its relationship with breast cancer remains unclear. METHODS We investigated SIRT4 protein levels in breast cancer and its possible association with selected clinicopathological parameters by immunohistochemical staining of a tissue microarray that included samples from 94 breast cancer patients. We further invested the effect of SIRT4 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. RESULTS SIRT4 protein levels in breast were markedly higherthan their non-neoplastic tissue counterparts (P<0.001). Additionally, SIRT4 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that SIRT4 possess oncogenic properties at the human cancer cell level and indicate that SIRT4 may participate in the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Guanbao Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
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195
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Lüscher B, Bütepage M, Eckei L, Krieg S, Verheugd P, Shilton BH. ADP-Ribosylation, a Multifaceted Posttranslational Modification Involved in the Control of Cell Physiology in Health and Disease. Chem Rev 2017; 118:1092-1136. [PMID: 29172462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulate protein functions and interactions. ADP-ribosylation is a PTM, in which ADP-ribosyltransferases use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to modify target proteins with ADP-ribose. This modification can occur as mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation. The latter involves the synthesis of long ADP-ribose chains that have specific properties due to the nature of the polymer. ADP-Ribosylation is reversed by hydrolases that cleave the glycosidic bonds either between ADP-ribose units or between the protein proximal ADP-ribose and a given amino acid side chain. Here we discuss the properties of the different enzymes associated with ADP-ribosylation and the consequences of this PTM on substrates. Furthermore, the different domains that interpret either mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation and the implications for cellular processes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike Bütepage
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Eckei
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Krieg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia Verheugd
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Brian H Shilton
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario , Medical Sciences Building Room 332, London, Ontario Canada N6A 5C1
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196
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Mitochondrial UQCRB as a new molecular prognostic biomarker of human colorectal cancer. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e391. [PMID: 29147009 PMCID: PMC5704184 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase binding protein (UQCRB) is important for mitochondrial complex III stability, electron transport, cellular oxygen sensing and angiogenesis. However, its potential as a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether UQCRB can be used as a diagnostic molecular marker for CRC. The correlation between the expression of three genes (UQCRB, UQCRFS1 and MT-CYB) in the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III and clinico-pathological features was determined. Compared to non-tumor tissues, UQCRB gene expression was upregulated in CRC tissues. Gene and protein expression of the genes were positively correlated. Copy number variation (CNV) differences in UQCRB were observed in CRC tissues (1.32-fold) compared to non-tumor tissues. The CNV of UQCRB in CRC tissues increased proportionally with gene expression and clinical stage. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3′-untranslated region of UQCRB (rs7836698 and rs10504961) were investigated, and the rs7836698 polymorphism was associated with CRC clinical stage. DNA methylation of the UQCRB promoter revealed that most CRC patients had high methylation levels (12/15 patients) in CRC tissues compared to non-tumor tissues. UQCRB overexpression and CNV gain were correlated with specific CRC clinico-pathological features, indicating clinical significance as a prognostic predictor in CRC. Gene structural factors may be more important than gene transcription repression factors with respect to DNA methylation in UQCRB overexpression. Our results provide novel insights into the critical role of UQCRB in regulating CRC, supporting UQCRB as a new candidate for the development of diagnostics for CRC patients.
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197
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Pannek M, Simic Z, Fuszard M, Meleshin M, Rotili D, Mai A, Schutkowski M, Steegborn C. Crystal structures of the mitochondrial deacylase Sirtuin 4 reveal isoform-specific acyl recognition and regulation features. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1513. [PMID: 29138502 PMCID: PMC5686155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are evolutionary conserved NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylases. The seven human isoforms, Sirt1-7, regulate metabolism and stress responses and are considered therapeutic targets for aging-related diseases. Sirt4 locates to mitochondria and regulates fatty acid metabolism and apoptosis. In contrast to the mitochondrial deacetylase Sirt3 and desuccinylase Sirt5, no prominent deacylase activity and structural information are available for Sirt4. Here we describe acyl substrates and crystal structures for Sirt4. The enzyme shows isoform-specific acyl selectivity, with significant activity against hydroxymethylglutarylation. Crystal structures of Sirt4 from Xenopus tropicalis reveal a particular acyl binding site with an additional access channel, rationalizing its activities. The structures further identify a conserved, isoform-specific Sirt4 loop that folds into the active site to potentially regulate catalysis. Using these results, we further establish efficient Sirt4 activity assays, an unusual Sirt4 regulation by NADH, and Sirt4 effects of pharmacological modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pannek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Zeljko Simic
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108, Halle, Germany
| | - Matthew Fuszard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Marat Meleshin
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108, Halle, Germany
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Pasteur Institute Italy, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Pasteur Institute Italy, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Mike Schutkowski
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108, Halle, Germany
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
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198
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Sirtuins, epigenetics and longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 40:11-19. [PMID: 28789901 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aging of organisms begins from a single cell at the molecular level. It includes changes related to telomere shortening, cell senescence and epigenetic modifications. These processes accumulate over the lifespan. Research studies show that epigenetic signaling contributes to human disease, tumorigenesis and aging. Epigenetic DNA modifications involve changes in the gene activity but not in the DNA sequence. An epigenome consists of chemical modifications to the DNA and histone proteins without the changes in the DNA sequence. These modifications strongly depend on the environment, could be reversible and are potentially transmittable to daughter cells. Epigenetics includes DNA methylation, noncoding RNA interference, and modifications of histone proteins. Sirtuins, a family of nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent enzymes, are involved in the cell metabolism and can regulate many cellular functions including DNA repair, inflammatory response, cell cycle or apoptosis. Literature shows the strong interconnection between sirtuin expression and aging processes. However, the direct relationship is still unknown. Here, we would like to summarize the existing knowledge about epigenetic processes in aging, especially those related to sirtuin expression. Another objective is to explain why some negative correlations between sirtuin activity and the rate of aging can be assumed.
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199
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Alterations of sirtuins in mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase deficiency. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186517. [PMID: 29059204 PMCID: PMC5653369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sirtuins are NAD+ dependent deacetylases, which regulate mitochondrial energy metabolism as well as cellular response to stress. The NAD/NADH-system plays a crucial role in oxidative phosphorylation linking sirtuins and the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Furthermore, sirtuins are able to directly deacetylate and activate different complexes of the respiratory chain. This prompted us to analyse sirtuin levels in skin fibroblasts from patients with cytochrome c-oxidase (COX) deficiency and to test the impact of different pharmaceutical activators of sirtuins (SRT1720, paeonol) to modulate sirtuins and possibly respiratory chain enzymes in patient cells in vitro. Methods We assayed intracellular levels of sirtuin 1 and the mitochondrial sirtuins SIRT3 and SIRT4 in human fibroblasts from patients with COX- deficiency. Furthermore, sirtuins were measured after inhibiting complex IV in healthy control fibroblasts by cyanide and after incubation with activators SRT1720 and paeonol. To determine the effect of sirtuin inhibition at the cellular level we measured total cellular acetylation (control and patient cells, with and without treatment) by Western blot. Results We observed a significant decrease in cellular levels of all three sirtuins at the activity, protein and transcriptional level (by 15% to 50%) in COX-deficient cells. Additionally, the intracellular concentration of NAD+ was reduced in patient cells. We mimicked the biochemical phenotype of COX- deficiency by incubating healthy fibroblasts with cyanide and observed reduced sirtuin levels. A pharmacological activation of sirtuins resulted in normalized sirtuin levels in patient cells. Hyper acetylation was also reversible after treatment with sirtuin activators. Pharmacological modulation of sirtuins resulted in altered respiratory chain complex activities. Conclusions We found inhibition of situins 1, 3 and 4 at activity, protein and transcriptional levels in fibroblasts from patient with COX-deficiency. Pharmacological activators were able to restore reduced sirtuin levels and thereby modulate respiratory chain activities.
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200
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Cagnetta A, Soncini D, Orecchioni S, Talarico G, Minetto P, Guolo F, Retali V, Colombo N, Carminati E, Clavio M, Miglino M, Bergamaschi M, Nahimana A, Duchosal M, Todoerti K, Neri A, Passalacqua M, Bruzzone S, Nencioni A, Bertolini F, Gobbi M, Lemoli RM, Cea M. Depletion of SIRT6 enzymatic activity increases acute myeloid leukemia cells' vulnerability to DNA-damaging agents. Haematologica 2017; 103:80-90. [PMID: 29025907 PMCID: PMC5777193 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.176248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability plays a pathological role in various malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and thus represents a potential therapeutic target. Recent studies demonstrate that SIRT6, a NAD+-dependent nuclear deacetylase, functions as genome-guardian by preserving DNA integrity in different tumor cells. Here, we demonstrate that also CD34+ blasts from AML patients show ongoing DNA damage and SIRT6 overexpression. Indeed, we identified a poor-prognostic subset of patients, with widespread instability, which relies on SIRT6 to compensate for DNA-replication stress. As a result, SIRT6 depletion compromises the ability of leukemia cells to repair DNA double-strand breaks that, in turn, increases their sensitivity to daunorubicin and Ara-C, both in vitro and in vivo In contrast, low SIRT6 levels observed in normal CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors explain their weaker sensitivity to genotoxic stress. Intriguingly, we have identified DNA-PKcs and CtIP deacetylation as crucial for SIRT6-mediated DNA repair. Together, our data suggest that inactivation of SIRT6 in leukemia cells leads to disruption of DNA-repair mechanisms, genomic instability and aggressive AML. This synthetic lethal approach, enhancing DNA damage while concomitantly blocking repair responses, provides the rationale for the clinical evaluation of SIRT6 modulators in the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Cagnetta
- Chair of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genova, Italy.,Hematology Unit, Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Debora Soncini
- Chair of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Minetto
- Chair of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Guolo
- Chair of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genova, Italy
| | - Veronica Retali
- Chair of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genova, Italy.,Hematology Unit, Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Colombo
- Chair of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genova, Italy
| | - Enrico Carminati
- Chair of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genova, Italy
| | - Marino Clavio
- Chair of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genova, Italy.,Hematology Unit, Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Miglino
- Chair of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genova, Italy.,Hematology Unit, Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Micaela Bergamaschi
- Chair of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genova, Italy
| | - Aimable Nahimana
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Duchosal
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katia Todoerti
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy.,Hematology Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Passalacqua
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Italy and
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Italy and
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Hematology Unit, Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Italy
| | | | - Marco Gobbi
- Chair of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genova, Italy.,Hematology Unit, Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto M Lemoli
- Chair of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genova, Italy.,Hematology Unit, Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Cea
- Chair of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genova, Italy .,Hematology Unit, Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
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