151
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Molina D, Ruiz-Preciado MA, Sadegh F, Álvaro-Martins MJ, Grätzel M, Hagfeldt A, Sastre-Santos Á. p-Phenylene-bridged zinc phthalocyanine-dimer as hole-transporting material in perovskite solar cells. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a [Formula: see text]-phenylene-bridged ZnPc dimer along with a preliminary study of this material as hole transporting material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells is described. The maximum efficiencies that obtained are 15.2% for ZnPc-[Formula: see text]-ZnPc 1, thus demonstrating the potential of the Pc dimers that could pave the path to achieve highly efficient PSCs (PCE >20%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiré Molina
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda., de la Universidad s/n 03203 Elche, Spain
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Pcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. CH-1015-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco A. Ruiz-Preciado
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Pcole Polytechnique, F8d8rale de Lausanne. CH-1015-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Faranak Sadegh
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Pcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. CH-1015-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria João Álvaro-Martins
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda., de la Universidad s/n 03203 Elche, Spain
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Pcole Polytechnique, F8d8rale de Lausanne. CH-1015-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Pcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. CH-1015-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ángela Sastre-Santos
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda., de la Universidad s/n 03203 Elche, Spain
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152
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Tikhomirova T, Nalimova K, Kerner A, Vashurin A, Znoyko S. Er(III) and Lu(III) complexes of 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrakis- and 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis-[4-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenoxy]phthalocyaninato. Synthesis and spectroscopic properties. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
4-[4-(1-Methyl-1-penylethyl)phenoxy]- and 4,5-di-[4-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenoxy]phthalonitriles are obtained by nucleophilic substitution. Mono- and double-decker lutetium and erbium complexes of 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrakis- and 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis-[4-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenoxy]phthalocyanines are synthesized based on the phthalonitriles. Synthesized complexes are studied spectrophotometrically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Tikhomirova
- Department of Technology of Fine Organic Synthesis, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo 153000, Russia
| | - Kseniya Nalimova
- Department of Technology of Fine Organic Synthesis, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo 153000, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Kerner
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo 153000, Russia
| | - Artur Vashurin
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo 153000, Russia
- Research Institute of Macroheterocycles of Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo 153000, Russia
| | - Serafima Znoyko
- Research Institute of Macroheterocycles of Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo 153000, Russia
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153
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Urbani M, de la Torre G, Nazeeruddin MK, Torres T. Phthalocyanines and porphyrinoid analogues as hole- and electron-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2738-2766. [PMID: 31033978 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00059c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite absorbers in combination with electron and hole transporting selective contacts result in power conversion efficiencies of over 23% under AM 1.5 sun conditions. The advantage of perovskite solar cells is their simple fabrication through solution-processing methods either in n-i-p or p-i-n configurations. Using TiO2 or SnO2 as an electron transporting layer, a compositionally engineered perovskite as an absorber layer, and Spiro-OMeTAD as a HTM, several groups have reported over 20% efficiency. Though perovskite solar cells reached comparable efficiency to that of crystalline silicon ones, their stability remains a bottleneck for commercialization partly due to the use of doped Spiro-OMeTAD. Several organic and inorganic hole transporting materials have been explored to increase the stability and power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. IIn this review, we analyse the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells incorporating phthalocyanine and porphyrin macrocycles as hole- and electron transporting materials. The π-π stacking orientation of these macrocycles on the perovskite surface is important in facilitating a vertical charge transport, resulting in high power conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Urbani
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. and IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL, Valais Wallis, Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1950 Sion, Switzerland.
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. and IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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154
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Güzel E, Şişman İ, Gül A, Koçak MB. Role of hexyloxy groups in zinc phthalocyanines bearing sulfonic acid anchoring groups for dye-sensitized solar cells. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Zinc phthalocyanine dyes bearing four sulfonic acid anchoring groups with (A-ZnPc) and without (H-ZnPc) four chloro and eight hexyloxy groups were used as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The dyes were investigated in terms of their optical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties. The presence of these groups in dye A-ZnPc resulted in both red-shifted absorption and decreased dye aggregation, which are beneficial for the improvement of device performance. In the presence of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) as a coadsorbent, the DSSC based on H-ZnPc shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.96%, which is improved by [Formula: see text]40% as compared to the device without CDCA. However, the PCE of an A-ZnPc-based device with CDCA slightly enhances from 1.15% (without CDCA) to 1.22%, indicating that the bulky hexyloxy groups with large steric hindrance can effectively suppress aggregation of the adsorbed dye. The results showed that the zinc phthalocyanine dye bearing bulky hexyloxy groups is a promising candidate to construct efficient coadsorbent-free DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Güzel
- Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, 54050 Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - İlkay Şişman
- Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, 54050 Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Gül
- Department of Chemistry, İstanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Makbule B. Koçak
- Department of Chemistry, İstanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, İstanbul, Turkey
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155
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Kakı E, Gögsu N, Altındal A, Salih B, Bekaroğlu Ö. Synthesis, characterization and VOCs adsorption kinetics of diethylstilbestrol-substituted metallophthalocyanines. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Compound (4,4[Formula: see text] -hex-3-ene-3,4-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene)bis(oxy)diphthalonitrile 3 was synthesized by the reaction of 4-nitrophthalonitrile 1 and diethylstilbestrol 2 in dry DMF in presence of dry K2CO3. New mononuclear phthalocyanines 4-6 were obtained from compound 3 by addition of the corresponding metal salts [Co(OAc)2 ⋅ 4H2O, Zn(OAc)2 ⋅ 2H2O and Cu(OAc)2]. The novel compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR, UV-vis, 1H-NMR and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy techniques. The effects of four main groups of organic vapors on these novel compounds were studied and discussed. The adsorption kinetics of alkanes ([Formula: see text]-hexane and [Formula: see text]-octane), alcohols (methanol and 2-proponal), chlorinated hydrocarbons (dichloromethane and trichloromethane) and amines (diethylamine and triethylamine) on 4-6 were examined using three adsorption kinetic models: the Elovich equation, the pseudo-first-order equations and Ritchie’s equation. Results show that the linear regression analysis with respect to the pseudo-second-order rate equations generates a straight line that best fits the data of adsorption of alcohols and chlorinated hydrocarbons on Pc films. On the other hand, the Elovich equation generates a straight line that best fits the data of adsorption of alkanes and amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Kakı
- Department of Chemistry, Marmara University, 34722, Göztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Gögsu
- Department of Chemistry, Marmara University, 34722, Göztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Altındal
- Department of Physics, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bekir Salih
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06532, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özer Bekaroğlu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, Zeytinburnu, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
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156
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Xue C, Sayre HJ, Turro C. Electron injection into titanium dioxide by panchromatic dirhodium photosensitizers with low energy red light. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10428-10431. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04677a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Two new Rh2(ii,ii) dyes were synthesized and anchored to TiO2 for charge injection upon low energy irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Xue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Hannah J. Sayre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
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157
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Tunç G, Güzel E, Şişman İ, Ahsen V, Cárdenas-Jirón G, Gürek AG. Effect of new asymmetrical Zn(ii) phthalocyanines on the photovoltaic performance of a dye-sensitized solar cell. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02585e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical and experimental examinations of novel asymmetric Zn(ii) phthalocyanine derivatives substituted with peripherally one carboxyl and six alkylsulfanyl groups have been successfully investigated from the point of view of DSSC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülenay Tunç
- Department of Chemistry
- Gebze Technical University
- 41400 Gebze
- Turkey
| | - Emre Güzel
- Department of Chemistry
- Sakarya University
- 54050 Serdivan
- Turkey
| | - İlkay Şişman
- Department of Chemistry
- Sakarya University
- 54050 Serdivan
- Turkey
| | - Vefa Ahsen
- Department of Chemistry
- Gebze Technical University
- 41400 Gebze
- Turkey
| | - Gloria Cárdenas-Jirón
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology
- University of Santiago de Chile (USACH)
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Ayşe Gül Gürek
- Department of Chemistry
- Gebze Technical University
- 41400 Gebze
- Turkey
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158
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Güzel E. Dual-purpose zinc and silicon complexes of 1,2,3-triazole group substituted phthalocyanine photosensitizers: synthesis and evaluation of photophysical, singlet oxygen generation, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties. RSC Adv 2019; 9:10854-10864. [PMID: 35515285 PMCID: PMC9062642 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10665g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, photophysical, singlet oxygen generation, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of peripheral and axial 1,2,3-triazole group substituted zinc and silicon phthalocyanine complexes with strong absorption in the visible region were described. All novel complexes have been characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. All the new compounds are highly soluble in most common organic solvents. The electronic absorption and fluorescence spectral properties of complexes 4 and 5 are investigated. The effects of the triazole group, different metal centers and position of the substituent on the photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of the new phthalocyanines were also investigated for the first time in this work. According to the fluorescence measurements, the axially substituted silicon complex (5) showed higher fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF = 0.28) than the peripherally substituted zinc complex (4). In addition, quantum yields for singlet oxygen generation (ΦΔ = 0.32 for silicon complex (4) and ΦΔ = 0.76 for zinc complex (5) in DMSO) were obtained. Electrochemical studies show that complex 5 is present in non-aggregated form as a result of steric hindrance of the axial groups; the LUMO level of this complex is slightly more negative than the conduction band of TiO2 and electron injection might be less effective. Therefore, the power conversion efficiency of 1.30% for a complex 4 based dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is higher than complex 5 (0.90%). Consequently, these zinc and silicon complexes are promising candidates not only for photodynamic therapy but also solar power conversion. Evaluation of dual-purpose zinc and silicon phthalocyanine complexes on photophysical, singlet oxygen generation, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Güzel
- Department of Chemistry
- Sakarya University
- Turkey
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