151
|
Gu Q, Wang C, Wang G, Han Z, Li Y, Wang X, Li J, Qi C, Xu T, Yang X, Wang L. Glipizide suppresses embryonic vasculogenesis and angiogenesis through targeting natriuretic peptide receptor A. Exp Cell Res 2015; 333:261-272. [PMID: 25823921 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Glipizide, a second-generation sulfonylurea, has been widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, it is controversial whether or not glipizide would affect angiogenesis or vasculogenesis. In the present study, we used early chick embryo model to investigate the effect of glipizide on angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, which are the two major processes for embryonic vasculature formation as well as tumor neovascularization. We found that Glipizide suppressed both angiogenesis in yolk-sac membrane (YSM) and blood island formation during developmental vasculogenesis. Glipizide did not affect either the process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) or mesoderm cell migration. In addition, it did not interfere with separation of smooth muscle cell progenitors from hemangioblasts. Moreover, natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA) has been identified as the putative target for glipizide׳s inhibitory effect on vasculogenesis. When NPRA was overexpressed or activated, blood island formation was reduced. NPRA signaling may play a crucial role in the effect of glipizide on vasculogenesis during early embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quliang Gu
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Basic Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology & Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology & Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhe Han
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology & Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology & Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiangchao Li
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cuiling Qi
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology & Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Lijing Wang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Hydrocortisone enhances the barrier properties of HBMEC/ciβ, a brain microvascular endothelial cell line, through mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition-like effects. Fluids Barriers CNS 2015; 12:7. [PMID: 25763180 PMCID: PMC4355132 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-015-0003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) models are important tools for studying brain diseases and drug development, we recently established a new line of conditionally immortalized human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC/ciβ) for use in such models. Since one of the most important functional features of the BBB is its strong intercellular adhesion, in this study, we aimed at improving HBMEC/ciβ barrier properties by means of culture media modifications, thus enhancing their use for future BBB studies. In addition, we simultaneously attempted to obtain insights on related mechanistic properties. METHODS Several types of culture media were prepared in an effort to identify the medium most suitable for culturing HBMEC/ciβ. The barrier properties of HBMEC/ciβ were examined by determining Na(+)-fluorescein permeability and transendothelial electric resistance (TEER). Endothelial marker mRNA expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Adherens junction (AJ) formation was examined by immunocytochemistry. Cell migration ability was analyzed by scratch assay. Furthermore, cellular lipid composition was examined by liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS Our initial screening tests showed that addition of hydrocortisone (HC) to the basal medium significantly reduced the Na(+)-fluorescein permeability and increased the TEER of HBMEC/ciβ monolayers. It was also found that, while AJ proteins were diffused in the cytoplasm of HBMEC/ciβ cultured without HC, those expressed in cells cultured with HC were primarily localized at the cell border. Furthermore, this facilitation of AJ formation by HC was in concert with increased endothelial marker mRNA levels and increased ether-type phosphatidylethanolamine levels, while cell migration was retarded in the presence of HC. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that HC supplementation to the basal medium significantly enhances the barrier properties of HBMEC/ciβ. This was associated with a marked phenotypic alteration in HBMEC/ciβ through orchestration of various signaling pathways. Taken together, it appears that overall effects of HC on HBMEC/ciβ could be summarized as facilitating endothelial differentiation characteristics while concurrently retarding mesenchymal characteristics.
Collapse
|
153
|
Xiao F, Wang LJ, Zhao H, Tan C, Wang DN, Zhang H, Wei YG, Liu J, Zhang W. Intermedin restricts vessel sprouting by inhibiting the loosening of endothelial junction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:174-9. [PMID: 25637664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vessel sprouting from pre-existing vasculature is a key step for the formation of a functional vasculature. The low level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces normal and stable angiogenesis, whereas high level of VEGF causes irregular and over sprouted vasculature. Intermedin (IMD) is a novel member of calcitonin family, and was found to be able to restrict the excessive vessel sprouting. However, the underlying mechanism had not been elucidated. In this study, using in vitro and in vivo angiogenic models, we found that the loosening of endothelial junction could significantly increase the ability of low-dose VEGF to induce vessel sprouting. IMD inhibited the junction dissociation-induced vessel sprouting by re-establishing the complex of vascular endothelial cadherin on the cell-cell contact. Our findings suggested a novel mechanism through which IMD could restrict the excessive vessel sprouting by preventing the endothelial junction from dissociation, and provide new insight into the understanding of the regulation of sprouting angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Li-jun Wang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chun Tan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - De-nian Wang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yong-gang Wei
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, PR China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Schubert C, Pryds A, Zeng S, Xie Y, Freund KB, Spaide RF, Merriam JC, Barbazetto I, Slakter JS, Chang S, Munch IC, Drack AV, Hernandez J, Yzer S, Merriam JE, Linneberg A, Larsen M, Yannuzzi LA, Mullins RF, Allikmets R. Cadherin 5 is regulated by corticosteroids and associated with central serous chorioretinopathy. Hum Mutat 2015; 35:859-67. [PMID: 24665005 PMCID: PMC4215937 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is characterized by leakage of fluid from the choroid into the subretinal space and, consequently, loss of central vision. The disease is triggered by endogenous and exogenous corticosteroid imbalance and psychosocial stress and is much more prevalent in men. We studied the association of genetic variation in 44 genes from stress response and corticosteroid metabolism pathways with the CSC phenotype in two independent cohorts of 400 CSC cases and 1,400 matched controls. The expression of cadherin 5 (CDH5), the major cell–cell adhesion molecule in vascular endothelium, was downregulated by corticosteroids which may increase permeability of choroidal vasculature, leading to fluid leakage under the retina. We found a significant association of four common CDH5 SNPs with CSC in male patients in both cohorts. Two common intronic variants, rs7499886:A>G and rs1073584:C>T, exhibit strongly significant associations with CSC; P = 0.00012; odds ratio (OR) = 1.5; 95%CI [1.2;1.8], and P = 0.0014; OR = 0.70; 95%CI [0.57;0.87], respectively. A common haplotype was present in 25.4% male CSC cases and in 35.8% controls (P = 0.0002; OR = 0.61, 95% CI [0.47–0.79]). We propose that genetically predetermined variation in CDH5, when combined with triggering events such as corticosteroid treatment or severe hormonal imbalance, underlie a substantial proportion of CSC in the male population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Schubert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
155
|
Li AQ, Zhao L, Zhou TF, Zhang MQ, Qin XM. Exendin-4 promotes endothelial barrier enhancement via PKA- and Epac1-dependent Rac1 activation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 308:C164-75. [PMID: 25377089 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00249.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Among emerging antidiabetic agents, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-based therapies carry special cardiovascular implications, exerting both direct and indirect effects. The control of vascular permeability is of pivotal importance in vascular pathologies. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of GLP-1 on endothelial barrier function and assess the underlying mechanism(s). Here we show for the first time that the stable GLP-1 analog exendin-4 attenuated the leakage of subcutaneous blood vessels in mice indexed by dye extravasation caused by injections of thrombin. Moreover, in cultured endothelial cells, exendin-4 significantly prevented the thrombin-induced FITC-dextran permeability of endothelial monolayers via GLP-1 receptor. Immunofluorescence microscopy reveals that exendin-4 abrogates detrimental effects of thrombin on VE-cadherin and the F-actin cytoskeleton, with decreased stress fiber and gap formation. Importantly, exendin-4 reduced thrombin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin at Y731 and Y658. Moreover, small GTPase Rac1 was significantly activated as a result of exendin-4 treatment. The efficacy of exendin-4 to counteract the barrier-compromising effect of thrombin was blunted when Rac1 was inactivated by Rac1 inhibitor NSC-23766. Inhibition of PKA activity or small-interfering RNA for exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 (Epac1) decreased exendin-4-induced Rac1 activation and barrier enhancement, indicating the participation of both PKA and Epac1 in the barrier-stabilizing effect of exendin-4 elicited on thrombin-impaired barrier function. Thus, our findings have uncovered an unpredicted role for exendin-4 in the coordination of vascular permeability and clarified the molecular underpinnings that contribute to barrier restoration initiated by exendin-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Q Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Teng F Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Q Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao M Qin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Sauteur L, Krudewig A, Herwig L, Ehrenfeuchter N, Lenard A, Affolter M, Belting HG. Cdh5/VE-cadherin promotes endothelial cell interface elongation via cortical actin polymerization during angiogenic sprouting. Cell Rep 2014; 9:504-13. [PMID: 25373898 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ morphogenesis requires the coordination of cell behaviors. Here, we have analyzed dynamic endothelial cell behaviors underlying sprouting angiogenesis in vivo. Two different mechanisms contribute to sprout outgrowth: tip cells show strong migratory behavior, whereas extension of the stalk is dependent upon cell elongation. To investigate the function of Cdh5 in sprout outgrowth, we generated null mutations in the zebrafish cdh5 gene, and we found that junctional remodeling and cell elongation are impaired in mutant embryos. The defects are associated with a disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and cannot be rescued by expression of a truncated version of Cdh5. Finally, the defects in junctional remodeling can be phenocopied by pharmacological inhibition of actin polymerization, but not by inhibiting actin-myosin contractility. Taken together, our results support a model in which Cdh5 organizes junctional and cortical actin cytoskeletons, as well as provides structural support for polymerizing F-actin cables during endothelial cell elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Sauteur
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alice Krudewig
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Herwig
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Anna Lenard
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Affolter
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Heinz-Georg Belting
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Sawant DA, Tharakan B, Hunter FA, Childs EW. The role of intrinsic apoptotic signaling in hemorrhagic shock-induced microvascular endothelial cell barrier dysfunction. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2014; 7:711-8. [PMID: 25277298 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-014-9589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock leads to endothelial cell barrier dysfunction resulting in microvascular hyperpermeability. Hemorrhagic shock-induced microvascular hyperpermeability is associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with traumatic injuries. The results from our laboratory have illustrated a possible pathophysiological mechanism showing involvement of mitochondria-mediated "intrinsic" apoptotic signaling in regulating hemorrhagic shock-induced microvascular hyperpermeability. Hemorrhagic shock results in overexpression of Bcl-2 family of pro-apoptotic protein, BAK, in the microvascular endothelial cells. The increase in BAK initiates "intrinsic" apoptotic signaling cascade with the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c in the cytoplasm and activation of downstream effector caspase-3, leading to loss of endothelial cell barrier integrity. Thus, this review article offers a brief overview of important findings from our past and present research work along with new leads for future research. The summary of our research work will provide information leading to different avenues in developing novel strategies against microvascular hyperpermeability following hemorrhagic shock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devendra A Sawant
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
158
|
Zhan J, Xiao F, Li JJ, Zhang ZZ, Chen K, Wang YP, Wang YL. Penehyclidine hydrochloride decreases pulmonary microvascular permeability by upregulating beta arrestins in a murine cecal ligation and puncture model. J Surg Res 2014; 193:391-8. [PMID: 25096356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) is a new anticholinergic drug, which has been shown to have a good curative effect for sepsis. Beta arrestins have been demonstrated to play important roles in sepsis. This study is to investigate the effects of PHC on pulmonary microvascular permeability and on expressions of beta arrestins in lung injury induced by the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty healthy female mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10 each): sham operation group (control group), CLP group (CLP group), and PHC 0.45 mg/kg group (PHC group). In the PHC group, mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of PHC 0.45 mg/kg 1 h before surgery. Mice in the other two groups received an intraperitoneal injection of the same volume of normal saline. At 12 h after surgery, serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected to examine lung permeability index. The lung tissue samples were collected to examine expressions of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), myeloperoxidase (MPO), NF-κB, and beta arrestins. RESULTS Compared with the control group, pulmonary microvascular permeability, MPO activity, NF-κB, VCAM-1, and MLCK expressions were significantly increased, whereas VE-cadherin and beta-arrestin protein expressions were obviously decreased in CLP group. Furthermore, compared with the CLP group, PHC group markedly decreased pulmonary microvascular permeability, MPO activity, NF-κB, VCAM-1, and MLCK expressions, and increased expressions of VE-cadherin and beta arrestins. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that in the CLP-induced lung injury model, PHC could reduce pulmonary microvascular permeability by upregulating expressions of beta arrestins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Osteology, Pu Ai Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Ze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Peng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Lin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Mishra R, Singh SK. HIV-1 Tat C phosphorylates VE-cadherin complex and increases human brain microvascular endothelial cell permeability. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:80. [PMID: 24965120 PMCID: PMC4230799 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMVECs) are integral part of the blood brain barrier. Post-translational modifications of adherens junction proteins regulate the permeability of human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Pro-inflammatory signals can induce tyrosine phosphorylation of adherens junction proteins. The primary objective of this work is to provide a molecular model; how the HIV-1 Tat protein can compromise the BBB integrity and eventually lead to neurological consequences. We exposed hBMVECs to recombinant HIV-1 clade C Tat protein to study the effect of HIV-1 Tat C on permeability of hBMVECs. Trans-endothelial electrical resistance and fluorescent dye migration assay have been used to check the permeability of hBMVECs. DCFDA staining has been used for intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection. Western blotting has been used to study the expression levels and co-immunoprecipitation has been used to study the interactions among adherens junction proteins. Results HIV-1 Tat C protein induced NOX2 and NOX4 expression level and increased intracellular ROS level. Redox-sensitive kinase; PYK2 activation led to increased tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin and β-catenin, leading to disruption of junctional assembly. The dissociation of tyrosine phosphatases VE-PTP and SHP2 from cadherin complex resulted into increased tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin and β-catenin in HIV-1 Tat C treated hBMVECs. Conclusion Unrestricted phosphorylation of junctional proteins in hBMVECs, in response to HIV-1 Tat C protein; leads to the disruption of junctional complexes and increased endothelial permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunit Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Neurovirology and Inflammation Biology, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Sakallioğlu EE, Sakallioğlu U, Lütfioğlu M, Pamuk F, Kantarci A. Vascular endothelial cadherin and vascular endothelial growth factor in periodontitis and smoking. Oral Dis 2014; 21:263-9. [PMID: 24853861 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the vascularization in periodontal disease process via revealing: (i) vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) productions in periodontitis and (ii) the impact of smoking on this phenomenon. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen smokers and 15 non-smokers with/without periodontitis were allocated by split-mouth randomization regarding their smoking and periodontal statuses. The teeth with periodontitis in smokers (group 1), without periodontitis in smokers (group 2), with periodontitis in non-smokers (group 3), and without periodontitis in non-smokers (group 4) constituted the study groups. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of VE-cadherin and VEGF were determined by ELISA to evaluate their profiles in the groups. RESULTS There were increased VE-cadherin levels in groups 1 and 3 compared with groups 2 and 4 (P < 0.05). Group 2 demonstrated higher VE-cadherin level than group 4 (P < 0.05). Increased VEGF was noted in groups 1 and 3 compared with groups 2 and 4 (P < 0.05) with similar levels between groups 1 and 3 and groups 2 and 4 (P > 0.05). There were no correlations between the VE-cadherin and VEGF levels in all groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggest that VE-cadherin and VEGF may increase in periodontitis, and smoking may uniquely cause VE-cadherin production in GCF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E E Sakallioğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
161
|
Boras E, Slevin M, Alexander MY, Aljohi A, Gilmore W, Ashworth J, Krupinski J, Potempa LA, Al Abdulkareem I, Elobeid A, Matou-Nasri S. Monomeric C-reactive protein and Notch-3 co-operatively increase angiogenesis through PI3K signalling pathway. Cytokine 2014; 69:165-79. [PMID: 24972386 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is the most acute-phase reactant serum protein of inflammation and a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease. Its expression is associated with atherosclerotic plaque instability and the formation of immature micro-vessels. We have previously shown that CRP upregulates endothelial-derived Notch-3, a key receptor involved in vascular development, remodelling and maturation. In this study, we investigated the links between the bioactive monomeric CRP (mCRP) and Notch-3 signalling in angiogenesis. We used in vitro (cell counting, wound-healing and tubulogenesis assays) and in vivo (chorioallantoic membrane) angiogenic assays and Western blotting to study the angiogenic signalling pathways induced by mCRP and Notch-3 activator chimera protein (Notch-3/Fc). Our results showed an additive effect on angiogenesis of mCRP stimulatory effect combined with Notch-3/Fc promoting bovine aortic endothelial cell (BAEC) proliferation, migration, tube formation in Matrigel(TM) with up-regulation of phospho-Akt expression. The pharmacological blockade of PI3K/Akt survival pathway by LY294002 fully inhibited in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis induced by mCRP/Notch-3/Fc combination while blocking Notch signalling by gamma-secretase inhibitor (DAPT) partially inhibited mCRP/Notch-3/Fc-induced angiogenesis. Using a BAEC vascular smooth muscle cell co-culture sprouting angiogenesis assay and transmission electron microscopy, we showed that activation of both mCRP and Notch-3 signalling induced the formation of thicker sprouts which were shown later by Western blotting to be associated with an up-regulation of N-cadherin expression and a down-regulation of VE-cadherin expression. Thus, mCRP combined with Notch-3 activator promote angiogenesis through the PI3K/Akt pathway and their therapeutic combination has potential to promote and stabilize vessel formation whilst reducing the risk of haemorrhage from unstable plaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emhamed Boras
- Healthcare Science Research Institute, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Mark Slevin
- Healthcare Science Research Institute, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - M Yvonne Alexander
- Healthcare Science Research Institute, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Ali Aljohi
- Healthcare Science Research Institute, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - William Gilmore
- Healthcare Science Research Institute, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Jason Ashworth
- Healthcare Science Research Institute, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Jerzy Krupinski
- Healthcare Science Research Institute, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ibrahim Al Abdulkareem
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adila Elobeid
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabine Matou-Nasri
- Healthcare Science Research Institute, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Abu El-Asrar AM, Nawaz MI, De Hertogh G, Al-Kharashi AS, Van den Eynde K, Mohammad G, Geboes K. The Angiogenic Biomarker Endocan is Upregulated in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Correlates with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Curr Eye Res 2014; 40:321-31. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2014.921312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
163
|
AmotL2 links VE-cadherin to contractile actin fibres necessary for aortic lumen expansion. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3743. [PMID: 24806444 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of individual endothelial cells into multicellular tubes is a complex morphogenetic event in vascular development. Extracellular matrix cues and cell-cell junctional communication are fundamental to tube formation. Together they determine the shape of endothelial cells and the tubular structures that they ultimately form. Little is known regarding how mechanical signals are transmitted between cells to control cell shape changes during morphogenesis. Here we provide evidence that the scaffold protein amotL2 is needed for aortic vessel lumen expansion. Using gene inactivation strategies in zebrafish, mouse and endothelial cell culture systems, we show that amotL2 associates to the VE-cadherin adhesion complex where it couples adherens junctions to contractile actin fibres. Inactivation of amotL2 dissociates VE-cadherin from cytoskeletal tensile forces that affect endothelial cell shape. We propose that the VE-cadherin/amotL2 complex is responsible for transmitting mechanical force between endothelial cells for the coordination of cellular morphogenesis consistent with aortic lumen expansion and function.
Collapse
|
164
|
Gagat M, Grzanka D, Izdebska M, Sroka WD, Marszałł MP, Grzanka A. Tropomyosin-1 protects endothelial cell-cell junctions against cigarette smoke extract through F-actin stabilization in EA.hy926 cell line. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:606-18. [PMID: 24369881 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on EA.hy926 endothelial cells in culture in the context of maintenance of cell-cell junctions through the structural stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton. In the present study, F-actin was stabilized by the overexpression of tropomyosin-1, which is known to stabilize actin filaments in muscle and non-muscle cells. Our study showed that the stabilization of F-actin significantly increased the survival of cells treated with 25% CSE. In addition, after stabilization of F-actin the migratory potential of EA.hy926 cells subjected to CSE treatment was increased. Our results also showed increased fluorescence intensity of alpha- and beta-catenin after CSE treatment in cells which had stabilized F-actin. Analysis of fluorescence intensity of Zonula occludens-1 did not reveal any significant differences when EA.hy926 cells overexpressing tropomyosin-1 were compared with those lacking overexpression. It would appear that overexpression of tropomyosin-1 preserved the structure of actin filaments in the cells treated with CSE. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that stabilization of F-actin protects EA.hy926 cells against CSE-induced loss of both adherens and tight junctions. The data presented in this study suggest that overexpression of tropomyosin-1 stabilizes the organizational structure of actin filaments and helps preserve the endothelial barrier function under conditions of strong oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department and Clinic of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Immunodermatology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Izdebska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wiktor Dariusz Sroka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Michał Piotr Marszałł
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Fukai M, Suzuki T, Nagasawa I, Kinoshita K, Takahashi K, Koyama K. Antiangiogenic activity of hypoxylonol C. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1065-1068. [PMID: 24593182 DOI: 10.1021/np400687y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxylonol C (1), isolated from the inedible mushroom Hypoxylon truncatum, exhibited inhibitory activities against the migration and tube formation of HUVECs. A cDNA microarray analysis was performed to investigate the target of hypoxylonol C (1) in HUVECs, and it was found that the genes related to cell cycle and adhesion were down-regulated. The down-regulation of mRNA levels of cell cycle and adhesion genes was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Cell cycle arrest and suppression of adhesion molecule expression might be plausible mechanisms of actions for the antiangiogenic activity of hypoxylonol C (1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Fukai
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University , Noshio 2-522-1 Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
166
|
Inlay MA, Serwold T, Mosley A, Fathman JW, Dimov IK, Seita J, Weissman IL. Identification of multipotent progenitors that emerge prior to hematopoietic stem cells in embryonic development. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 2:457-72. [PMID: 24749071 PMCID: PMC3986503 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis in the embryo proceeds in a series of waves, with primitive erythroid-biased waves succeeded by definitive waves, within which the properties of hematopoietic stem cells (multilineage potential, self-renewal, and engraftability) gradually arise. Whereas self-renewal and engraftability have previously been examined in the embryo, multipotency has not been thoroughly addressed, especially at the single-cell level or within well-defined populations. To identify when and where clonal multilineage potential arises during embryogenesis, we developed a single-cell multipotency assay. We find that, during the initiation of definitive hematopoiesis in the embryo, a defined population of multipotent, engraftable progenitors emerges that is much more abundant within the yolk sac (YS) than the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) or fetal liver. These experiments indicate that multipotent cells appear in concert within both the YS and AGM and strongly implicate YS-derived progenitors as contributors to definitive hematopoiesis. A multipotency assay reveals eight hematopoietic lineages from a single cell The first embryonic multipotent cells are defined as CD11A− KIT+ SCA-1+ (CD11A− KLS) Transplanted CD11A− KLS cells give rise to robust hematopoiesis in newborn mice The early yolk sac is implicated as the major source of CD11A− KLS cells
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Inlay
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (ISCBRM), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Serwold
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Adriane Mosley
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (ISCBRM), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John W Fathman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (ISCBRM), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA ; Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ivan K Dimov
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (ISCBRM), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jun Seita
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (ISCBRM), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (ISCBRM), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA ; Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Papageorgiou I, Marsh R, Tipper JL, Hall RM, Fisher J, Ingham E. Interaction of micron and nano-sized particles with cells of the dura mater. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 102:1496-505. [PMID: 24604838 PMCID: PMC4336564 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral total disc replacements (TDR) are used in the treatment of degenerative spinal disc disease. There are, however, concerns that they may be subject to long-term failure due to wear. The adverse effects of TDR wear have the potential to manifest in the dura mater and surrounding tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological structure of the dura mater, isolate the resident dural epithelial and stromal cells and analyse the capacity of these cells to internalise model polymer particles. The porcine dura mater was a collagen-rich structure encompassing regularly arranged fibroblastic cells within an outermost epithelial cell layer. The isolated dural epithelial cells had endothelial cell characteristics (positive for von Willebrand factor, CD31, E-cadherin and desmoplakin) and barrier functionality whereas the fibroblastic cells were positive for collagen I and III, tenascin and actin. The capacity of the dural cells to take up model particles was dependent on particle size. Nanometer sized particles readily penetrated both types of cells. However, dural fibroblasts engulfed micron-sized particles at a much higher rate than dural epithelial cells. The study suggested that dural epithelial cells may offer some barrier to the penetration of micron-sized particles but not nanometer sized particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iraklis Papageorgiou
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering (IMBE), Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
168
|
Mobarrez F, Antoniewicz L, Bosson JA, Kuhl J, Pisetsky DS, Lundbäck M. The effects of smoking on levels of endothelial progenitor cells and microparticles in the blood of healthy volunteers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90314. [PMID: 24587320 PMCID: PMC3938677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking, both active and passive, is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disease. To assess the impact of brief smoking on the vasculature, we determined levels of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and circulating microparticles (MPs) following the smoking of one cigarette by young, healthy intermittent smokers. Materials and Methods 12 healthy volunteers were randomized to either smoking or not smoking in a crossover fashion. Blood sampling was performed at baseline, 1, 4 and 24 hours following smoking/not smoking. The numbers of EPCs and MPs were determined by flow cytometry. MPs were measured from platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells. Moreover, MPs were also labelled with anti-HMGB1 and SYTO 13 to assess the content of nuclear molecules. Results Active smoking of one cigarette caused an immediate and significant increase in the numbers of circulating EPCs and MPs of platelet-, endothelial- and leukocyte origin. Levels of MPs containing nuclear molecules were increased, of which the majority were positive for CD41 and CD45 (platelet- and leukocyte origin). CD144 (VE-cadherin) or HMGB1 release did not significantly change during active smoking. Conclusion Brief active smoking of one cigarette generated an acute release of EPC and MPs, of which the latter contained nuclear matter. Together, these results demonstrate acute effects of cigarette smoke on endothelial, platelet and leukocyte function as well as injury to the vascular wall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Mobarrez
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Lukasz Antoniewicz
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny A. Bosson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Kuhl
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David S. Pisetsky
- Medical Research Service, Durham VA Hospital, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Magnus Lundbäck
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
Spindel ON, Burke RM, Yan C, Berk BC. Thioredoxin-interacting protein is a biomechanical regulator of Src activity: key role in endothelial cell stress fiber formation. Circ Res 2014; 114:1125-32. [PMID: 24515523 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.301315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fluid shear stress differentially regulates endothelial cell stress fiber formation with decreased stress fibers in areas of disturbed flow compared with steady flow areas. Importantly, stress fibers are critical for several endothelial cell functions including cell shape, mechano-signal transduction, and endothelial cell-cell junction integrity. A key mediator of steady flow-induced stress fiber formation is Src that regulates downstream signaling mediators such as phosphorylation of cortactin, activity of focal adhesion kinase, and small GTPases. OBJECTIVE Previously, we showed that thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP, also VDUP1 [vitamin D upregulated protein 1] and TBP-2 [thioredoxin binding protein 2]) was regulated by fluid shear stress; TXNIP expression was increased in disturbed flow compared with steady flow areas. Although TXNIP was originally characterized for its role in redox and metabolic cellular functions, recent reports show important scaffold functions related to its α-arrestin structure. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that TXNIP acts as a biomechanical sensor that regulates Src kinase activity and stress fiber formation. METHODS AND RESULTS Using en face immunohistochemistry of the aorta and cultured endothelial cells, we show inverse relationship between TXNIP expression and Src activity. Specifically, steady flow increased Src activity and stress fiber formation, whereas it decreased TXNIP expression. In contrast, disturbed flow had opposite effects. We studied the role of TXNIP in regulating Src homology phosphatase-2 plasma membrane localization and vascular endothelial cadherin binding because Src homology phosphatase-2 indirectly regulates dephosphorylation of Src tyrosine 527 that inhibits Src activity. Using immunohistochemistry and immunoprecipitation, we found that TXNIP prevented Src homology phosphatase-2-vascular endothelial cadherin interaction. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these data characterize a fluid shear stress-mediated mechanism for stress fiber formation that involves a TXNIP-dependent vascular endothelial cadherin-Src homology phosphatase-2-Src pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oded N Spindel
- From the Departments of Medicine (O.N.S., R.M.B., C.Y., B.C.B.) and Pharmacology and Physiology (O.N.S., C.Y., B.C.B.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, NY
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
170
|
Zhou L, Yang B, Wang Y, Zhang HL, Chen RW, Wang YB. Bradykinin regulates the expression of claudin-5 in brain microvascular endothelial cells via calcium-induced calcium release. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:597-606. [PMID: 24464430 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery; First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery; General Hospital of Jixi Mining Conglomerate; Jixi People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery; First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Liang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery; First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Wei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery; First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Bao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery; First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Urbschat A, Zacharowski K, Obermüller N, Rupprecht K, Penzkofer D, Jennewein C, Tran N, Scheller B, Dimmeler S, Paulus P. The small fibrinopeptide Bβ15-42 as renoprotective agent preserving the endothelial and vascular integrity in early ischemia reperfusion injury in the mouse kidney. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84432. [PMID: 24392138 PMCID: PMC3879329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the renal endothelial integrity is pivotal for the development of a vascular leak, tissue edema and consequently acute kidney injury. Kidney ischemia amplifies endothelial activation and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms. After restoring a sufficient blood flow, the kidney is damaged through complex pathomechanisms that are classically referred to as ischemia and reperfusion injury, where the disruption of the inter-endothelial connections seems to be a crucial step in this pathomechanism. Focusing on the molecular cell-cell interaction, the fibrinopeptide Bβ15–42 prevents vascular leakage by stabilizing these inter-endothelial junctions. The peptide associates with vascular endothelial-cadherin, thus preventing early kidney dysfunction by preserving blood perfusion efficacy, edema formation and thus organ dysfunction. We intended to demonstrate the early therapeutic benefit of intravenously administered Bβ15–42 in a mouse model of renal ischemia and reperfusion. After 30 minutes of ischemia, the fibrinopeptide Bβ15–42 was administered intravenously before reperfusion was commenced for 1 and 3 hours. We show that Bβ15–42 alleviates early functional and morphological kidney damage as soon as 1 h and 3 h after ischemia and reperfusion. Mice treated with Bβ15–42 displayed a significantly reduced loss of VE-cadherin, indicating a conserved endothelial barrier leading to less neutrophil infiltration which in turn resulted in significantly reduced structural renal damage. The significant reduction in tissue and serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels reinforced our findings. Moreover, renal perfusion analysis by color duplex sonography revealed that Bβ15–42 treatment preserved resistive indices and even improved blood velocity. Our data demonstrate the efficacy of early therapeutic intervention using the fibrinopeptide Bβ15–42 in the treatment of acute kidney injury resulting from ischemia and reperfusion. In this context Bβ15–42 may act as a potent renoprotective agent by preserving the endothelial and vascular integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Urbschat
- Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicholas Obermüller
- Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Rupprecht
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniela Penzkofer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carla Jennewein
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nguyen Tran
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bertram Scheller
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick Paulus
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Sullivan DP, Muller WA. Neutrophil and monocyte recruitment by PECAM, CD99, and other molecules via the LBRC. Semin Immunopathol 2013; 36:193-209. [PMID: 24337626 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-013-0412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The recruitment of specific leukocyte subtypes to the site of tissue injury is the cornerstone of inflammation and disease progression. This process has become an intense area of research because it presents several possible steps against which disease-specific therapies could be targeted. Leukocytes are recruited out of the blood stream by a series of events that include their capture, rolling, activation, and migration along the endothelium. In the last step, the leukocytes squeeze between adjacent endothelial cells to gain access to the inflamed tissue through a process referred to as transendothelial migration (TEM). Although many of the molecules, such as PECAM and CD99, that regulate these sequential steps have been identified, much less is understood regarding how they work together to coordinate the complex intercellular communications and dramatic shape changes that take place between the endothelial cells and leukocytes. Several of the endothelial cell proteins that function in TEM are localized to the lateral border recycling compartment (LBRC), an interconnected reticulum of membrane that recycles selectively to the endothelial borders. The recruitment of the LBRC to surround the migrating leukocyte is required for efficient TEM. This review will focus on the proteins and mechanisms that mediate TEM and specifically how the LBRC functions in the context of these molecular interactions and membrane movements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David P Sullivan
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Ward Building, Rm 3-140, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
173
|
VE-cadherin and endothelial adherens junctions: active guardians of vascular integrity. Dev Cell 2013; 26:441-54. [PMID: 24044891 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 567] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
VE-cadherin is a component of endothelial cell-to-cell adherens junctions, and it has a key role in the maintenance of vascular integrity. During embryo development, VE-cadherin is required for the organization of a stable vascular system, and in the adult it controls vascular permeability and inhibits unrestrained vascular growth. The mechanisms of action of VE-cadherin are complex and include reshaping and organization of the endothelial cell cytoskeleton and modulation of gene transcription. Here we review some of the most important pathways through which VE-cadherin modulates vascular homeostasis and discuss the emerging concepts in the overall biological role of this protein.
Collapse
|
174
|
Abstract
The endothelium forms a selective semi-permeable barrier controlling bidirectional transfer between blood vessel and irrigated tissues. This crucial function relies on the dynamic architecture of endothelial cell-cell junctions, and in particular, VE-cadherin-mediated contacts. VE-cadherin indeed chiefly organizes the opening and closing of the endothelial barrier, and is central in permeability changes. In this review, the way VE-cadherin-based contacts are formed and maintained is first presented, including molecular traits of its expression, partners, and signaling. In a second part, the mechanisms by which VE-cadherin adhesion can be disrupted, leading to cell-cell junction weakening and endothelial permeability increase, are described. Overall, the molecular basis for VE-cadherin control of the endothelial barrier function is of high interest for biomedical research, as vascular leakage is observed in many pathological conditions and human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gavard
- Cnrs; UMR8104; Paris, France; Inserm; U1016; Paris, France; Universite Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cite; Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Arnold KM, Goeckeler ZM, Wysolmerski RB. Loss of Focal Adhesion Kinase Enhances Endothelial Barrier Function and Increases Focal Adhesions. Microcirculation 2013; 20:637-49. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
176
|
Willis CL, Camire RB, Brule SA, Ray DE. Partial recovery of the damaged rat blood-brain barrier is mediated by adherens junction complexes, extracellular matrix remodeling and macrophage infiltration following focal astrocyte loss. Neuroscience 2013; 250:773-85. [PMID: 23845748 PMCID: PMC4002262 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is a feature of many neurodegenerative disorders. The mechanisms and interactions between astrocytes, extracellular matrix and vascular endothelial cells in regulating the mature BBB are poorly understood. We have previously shown that transitory glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-astrocyte loss, induced by the systemic administration of 3-chloropropanediol, leads to reversible disruption of tight junction complexes and BBB integrity to a range of markers. However, early restoration of BBB integrity to dextran (10-70 kDa) and fibrinogen was seen in the absence of paracellular tight junction proteins claudin-5 and occludin. In the present study we show that in the GFAP-astrocyte-lesioned rat inferior colliculus, paracellular expression of adherens junction proteins (vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and β-catenin) was maintained in vascular endothelial cells that lacked paracellular claudin-5 expression and which showed reversible post-translational occludin modification. Claudin-1 expression paralleled the loss and recovery of claudin-5, while claudin-3 or -12 immunoreactivity was not detected. In addition, the extracellular matrix, as visualized by laminin and fibronectin, underwent extensive reversible remodeling and perivascular CD169 macrophages become abundant throughout the lesioned inferior colliculus. At a time that GFAP-astrocytes repopulated the lesion area and tight junction proteins were returned to paracellular domains, the extracellular matrix and leukocyte profiles normalized and resembled profiles seen in control tissue. This study supports the hypothesis that a combination of paracellular adherens junctional proteins, remodeled basement membrane and the presence of perivascular leukocytes provide a temporary barrier to limit the extravasation of macromolecules and potentially neurotoxic substances into the brain parenchyma until tight junction proteins are restored to paracellular domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Willis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
177
|
Lee CC, Lai JH, Hueng DY, Ma HI, Chung YC, Sun YY, Tsai YJ, Wu WB, Chen CL. Disrupting the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis disturbs the characteristics of glioblastoma stem-like cells of rat RG2 glioblastoma. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:85. [PMID: 23961808 PMCID: PMC3765790 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSC) have been shown to promote tumor growth, tumor-associated neovascularization, therapeutic resistance, and metastasis. CXCR4 receptors have been found involved in the proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug-resistant characteristics of glioblastoma. However, the role of CXCR4 in modulating the stem-like cell properties of rat glioblastoma remains ambiguous. METHODS To explore the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in maintaining rat GSC properties, we disrupted the CXCR4 signaling by using small hairpin interfering RNA (shRNA). To investigate the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in maintaining rat GSC properties, we used a spheroid formation assay to assess the stem cell self-renewal properties. A western blot analysis and PCR arrays were used to examine the genes involved in proliferation, self-renewal, and cancer drug resistance. Finally, DNA content and flow cytometry, an immunohistochemical analysis, and methylcellulose colony formation, in vitro invasive and intracranial injection xenograft assays were employed to examine the disruptive effect of CXCR4 on the characteristics of GSCs of the RG2 cell line. RESULTS Disrupting CXCR4 inhibited the proliferation of RG2 cells both in vitro and in vivo. The spheroid formation assay indicated that CXCR4 was vital for the self-renewal of RG2 GSCs. Disrupting the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway also reduced the expression of GSC cell markers, including Nestin, ABCG2, and musashi (Msi), and the expression of genes involved in regulating stem cell properties, including Oct4, Nanog, maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), MGMT, VEGF, MMP2, and MMP9. CONCLUSION The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is crucial for maintaining the self-renewal, proliferation, therapeutic resistance, and angiogenesis of GSCs of rat RG2 glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Cheng Lee
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
178
|
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes induce human microvascular endothelial cellular effects in an alveolar-capillary co-culture with small airway epithelial cells. Part Fibre Toxicol 2013; 10:35. [PMID: 23903001 PMCID: PMC3750368 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-10-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanotechnology, particularly the use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), is a rapidly growing discipline with implications for advancement in a variety of fields. A major route of exposure to MWCNT during both occupational and environmental contact is inhalation. While many studies showed adverse effects to the vascular endothelium upon MWCNT exposure, in vitro results often do not correlate with in vivo effects. This study aimed to determine if an alveolar-capillary co-culture model could determine changes in the vascular endothelium after epithelial exposure to MWCNT. METHODS A co-culture system in which both human small airway epithelial cells and human microvascular endothelial cells were separated by a Transwell membrane so as to resemble an alveolar-capillary interaction was used. Following exposure of the epithelial layer to MWCNT, the effects to the endothelial barrier were determined. RESULTS Exposure of the epithelial layer to MWCNT induced multiple changes in the endothelial cell barrier, including an increase in reactive oxygen species, actin rearrangement, loss of VE-cadherin at the cell surface, and an increase in endothelial angiogenic ability. Overall increases in secreted VEGFA, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 protein levels, as well as increases in intracellular phospho-NF-κB, phospho-Stat3, and phospho-p38 MAPK, were also noted in HMVEC after epithelial exposure. CONCLUSION The co-culture system identified that alveolar-capillary exposure to MWCNT induced multiple changes to the underlying endothelium, potentially through cell signaling mediators derived from MWCNT-exposed epithelial cells. Therefore, the co-culture system appears to be a relevant in vitro method to study the pulmonary toxicity of MWCNT.
Collapse
|
179
|
HIV-1 Tat C modulates expression of miRNA-101 to suppress VE-cadherin in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. J Neurosci 2013; 33:5992-6000. [PMID: 23554480 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4796-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection leads to the development of HIV-associated neurological disorders. The HIV-1 Tat protein has been reported to exert an adverse effect on blood-brain barrier integrity and permeability. Perturbation in permeability is mainly caused by disruptions in adherens junctions and tight junction proteins. We have identified HIV-1 Tat C-induced disruption of VE-cadherin mediated by miRNA-101 in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs). HIV-1 Tat C increased the expression of miR-101, which led to downregulation of VE-cadherin. Overexpression of miR-101 resulted into the suppression of VE-cadherin. Inhibition of miR-101 by the miRNA inhibitor enhanced the expression of VE-cadherin. We have demonstrated that VE-cadherin is a direct target of miR-101 using a luciferase reporter assay, which showed that mutated VE-cadherin 3'UTR and miR-101 cotransfection did not change luciferase activity. By overexpression and knockdown of miR-101, we have demonstrated that the expression level of claudin-5 is governed by the expression of VE-cadherin. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism for the regulation of barrier permeability by miR-101 via posttranscriptional regulation of VE-cadherin in human BMVECs exposed to the HIV-1 Tat C protein.
Collapse
|
180
|
|
181
|
Gagat M, Grzanka D, Izdebska M, Grzanka A. Effect of L-homocysteine on endothelial cell-cell junctions following F-actin stabilization through tropomyosin-1 overexpression. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:115-29. [PMID: 23604178 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the identification of actin in non‑muscle cells, it has been suggested that the regulation of the mechanical behaviors of the actin cytoskeleton regulates cellular shape changes and the generation of forces during cell migration and division. The maintenance of cell shape and polarity are important in the formation of cell-cell junctions. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of L‑homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride on EA.hy926 endothelial cells in the context of the maintenance cell-cell junctions through the stabilization of filamentous actin cytoskeleton (F‑actin). The actin filaments were stabilized by the overexpression of tropomyosin-1, which has the ability to stabilize actin filaments in muscle and non-muscle cells. The stabilization of F-actin induced a significant decrease in the percentage of late apoptotic and necrotic cells following treatment with L-homocysteine. Moreover, the migratory potential of the endothelial cells was greater in the cells overexpressing tropomyosin-1 treated with L-homocysteine. Additionally, our results indicated that the stabilization of F-actin in the EA.hy926 cells significantly increased the expression of junctional β‑catenin, as compared to the cells not overexpressing tropomyosin‑1. Similarly, the fluorescence intensity of junctional α-catenin was also increased in the cells with stabilized F‑actin cytoskeleton. However, this increase was only slightly higher than that observed in the EA.hy926 cells not overexpressing tropomyosin-1. Furthermore, the analysis of Zonula occludens (ZO)‑1 relative fluorescence demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the cell-cell junction areas among the cells with stabilized F-actin cytoskeleton in comparison to the cells not overexpressing tropomyosin-1. Our results indicate that the stabilization of F-actin does not affect the migratory potential of cells, and consequently protects the EA.hy926 cells against the L-homocysteine-induced decrease in cell mobility. Moreover, it is suggested that α‑catenin may participate in the suppression of actin polymerization in the area of cell-cell junctions. It can be hypothesized that the stabilization of F-actin strengthens endothelial adherens and tight junctions by increasing the number of cell-cell junctions due to the amplification of β-catenin and the ZO‑1 fluorescence signal. However, ZO-1 stabilizes the endothelial barrier function through the stabilization of F-actin and F-actin itself stabilizes the localization of ZO-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
182
|
Nissou MF, El Atifi M, Guttin A, Godfraind C, Salon C, Garcion E, van der Sanden B, Issartel JP, Berger F, Wion D. Hypoxia-induced expression of VE-cadherin and filamin B in glioma cell cultures and pseudopalisade structures. J Neurooncol 2013; 113:239-49. [PMID: 23543272 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Most of our knowledge regarding glioma cell biology comes from cell culture experiments. For many years the standards for glioma cell culture were the use of cell lines cultured in the presence of serum and 20 % O2. However, in vivo, normoxia in many brain areas is in close to 3 % O2. Hence, in cell culture, the experimental value referred as the norm is hyperoxic compared to any brain physiological value. Likewise, cells in vivo are not usually exposed to serum, and low-passaged glioma neurosphere cultures maintained in serum-free medium is emerging as a new standard. A consequence of changing the experimental normoxic standard from 20 % O2 to the more brain physiological value of 3 % O2, is that a 3 % O2 normoxic reference point enabled a more rigorous characterization of the level of regulation of genes by hypoxia. Among the glioma hypoxia-regulated genes characterized using this approach we found VE-cadherin that is required for blood vessel formation, and filamin B a gene involved in endothelial cell motility. Both VE-cadherin and filamin B were found expressed in pseudopalisades, a glioblastoma pathognomonic structure made of hypoxic migrating cancer cells. These results provide additional clues on the role played by hypoxia in the acquisition of endothelial traits by glioma cells and on the functional links existing between pseudopalisades, hypoxia, and tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Nissou
- INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Joseph Fourier, CHU Grenoble, Bâtiment E.J. Safra, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
183
|
Pannekoek WJ, Linnemann JR, Brouwer PM, Bos JL, Rehmann H. Rap1 and Rap2 antagonistically control endothelial barrier resistance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57903. [PMID: 23469100 PMCID: PMC3585282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rap1 and Rap2 are closely related proteins of the Ras family of small G-proteins. Rap1 is well known to regulate cell-cell adhesion. Here, we have analysed the effect of Rap-mediated signalling on endothelial permeability using electrical impedance measurements of HUVEC monolayers and subsequent determination of the barrier resistance, which is a measure for the ease with which ions can pass cell junctions. In line with its well-established effect on cell-cell junctions, depletion of Rap1 decreases, whereas activation of Rap1 increases barrier resistance. Despite its high sequence homology with Rap1, depletion of Rap2 has an opposite, enhancing, effect on barrier resistance. This effect can be mimicked by depletion of the Rap2 specific activator RasGEF1C and the Rap2 effector MAP4K4, establishing Rap2 signalling as an independent pathway controlling barrier resistance. As simultaneous depletion or activation of both Rap1 and Rap2 results in a barrier resistance comparable to control cells, Rap1 and Rap2 control barrier resistance in a reciprocal manner. This Rap1-antagonizing effect of Rap2 is established independent of junctional actin formation. These data establish that endothelial barrier resistance is determined by the combined antagonistic actions of Rap1 and Rap2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willem-Jan Pannekoek
- Molecular Cancer Research, Centre of Biomedical Genetics and Cancer Genomics Centre, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jelena R. Linnemann
- Molecular Cancer Research, Centre of Biomedical Genetics and Cancer Genomics Centre, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia M. Brouwer
- Molecular Cancer Research, Centre of Biomedical Genetics and Cancer Genomics Centre, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes L. Bos
- Molecular Cancer Research, Centre of Biomedical Genetics and Cancer Genomics Centre, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Rehmann
- Molecular Cancer Research, Centre of Biomedical Genetics and Cancer Genomics Centre, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Lapergue B, Dang BQ, Desilles JP, Ortiz-Munoz G, Delbosc S, Loyau S, Louedec L, Couraud PO, Mazighi M, Michel JB, Meilhac O, Amarenco P. High-density lipoprotein-based therapy reduces the hemorrhagic complications associated with tissue plasminogen activator treatment in experimental stroke. Stroke 2013; 44:699-707. [PMID: 23422087 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.112.667832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We have previously reported that intravenous injection of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) was neuroprotective in an embolic stroke model. We hypothesized that HDL vasculoprotective actions on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may decrease hemorrhagic transformation-associated with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administration in acute stroke. METHODS We used tPA alone or in combination with HDLs in vivo in 2 models of focal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) (embolic and 4-hour monofilament MCAO) and in vitro in a model of BBB. Sprague-Dawley rats were submitted to MCAO, n=12 per group. The rats were then randomly injected with tPA (10 mg/kg) or saline with or without human plasma purified-HDL (10 mg/kg). The therapeutic effects of HDL and BBB integrity were assessed blindly 24 hours later. The integrity of the BBB was also tested using an in vitro model of human cerebral endothelial cells under oxygen-glucose deprivation. RESULTS tPA-treated groups had significantly higher mortality and rate of hemorrhagic transformation at 24 hours in both MCAO models. Cotreatment with HDL significantly reduced stroke-induced mortality versus tPA alone (by 42% in filament MCAO, P=0.009; by 73% in embolic MCAO, P=0.05) and tPA-induced intracerebral parenchymal hematoma (by 92% in filament MCAO, by 100% in embolic MCAO; P<0.0001). This was consistent with an improved BBB integrity. In vitro, HDLs decreased oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced BBB permeability (P<0.05) and vascular endothelial cadherin disorganization. CONCLUSIONS HDL injection decreased tPA-induced hemorrhagic transformation in rat models of MCAO. Both in vivo and in vitro results support the vasculoprotective action of HDLs on BBB under ischemic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Lapergue
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Bichat University Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
185
|
Dejana E, Vestweber D. The role of VE-cadherin in vascular morphogenesis and permeability control. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 116:119-44. [PMID: 23481193 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394311-8.00006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
VE-cadherin is an endothelial-specific cadherin that is essential for the formation and regulation of endothelial cell junctions. The adhesive function and expression levels of VE-cadherin at endothelial contacts are central determinants of the control of vascular permeability and leukocyte recruitment into tissue. In addition to controlling junctional integrity, VE-cadherin modulates a multitude of signaling processes that influence the behavior of endothelial cells, such as proliferation, survival, migration, polarity, expression of other junctional components, and tube and lumen formation of blood vessels. This chapter highlights recent progress in understanding how VE-cadherin modulates these various cellular processes. In addition, the current knowledge about how VE-cadhern participates in the regulation of the endothelial barrier in the adult organism is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Dejana
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
186
|
Abstract
Adherens junctions have an important role in the control of vascular permeability. These structures are located at cell-to-cell contacts, mediate cell adhesion and transfer intracellular signals. Adhesion is mediated by cadherins, which interact homophilically in trans and form lateral interactions in cis. VE-cadherin (also known as CDH5 and CD144) is the major component of endothelial adherens junctions and is specific to endothelial cells. Endothelial cells from different types of vessels, such as lymphatic vessels, arteries and veins, show differences in junction composition and organization. Vascular permeability is increased by modifications in the expression and function of adherens junction components. In some cases these defects might be cause of pathology. In this Cell Science at a Glance article, we present the example of the so-called cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM), where adherens junctions are dismantled in the vessels contributing to brain microcirculation. This causes the loss of endothelial cell apical–basal polarity and the formation of cavernomas, which are fragile and hemorrhagic. Other diseases are accompanied by persistent alterations of vascular morphology and permeability, such as seen in tumors. It will be important to achieve a better understanding of the relationship between vascular fragility, malformations and junctional integrity in order to develop more effective therapies.
Collapse
|
187
|
Daneman R. The blood-brain barrier in health and disease. Ann Neurol 2012; 72:648-72. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.23648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
188
|
Lalwani MK, Sharma M, Singh AR, Chauhan RK, Patowary A, Singh N, Scaria V, Sivasubbu S. Reverse genetics screen in zebrafish identifies a role of miR-142a-3p in vascular development and integrity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52588. [PMID: 23285103 PMCID: PMC3528674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a well-studied class of non-coding RNA and are known to regulate developmental processes in eukaryotes. Their role in key biological processes such as vasculature development has attracted interest. However, a comprehensive understanding of molecular regulation of angiogenesis and vascular integrity during development remains less explored. Here we identified miRNAs involved in the development and maintenance of vasculature in zebrafish embryos using a reverse genetics approach. Using a combination of bioinformatics predictions and literature based evidences we mined over 701 Human and 329 Zebrafish miRNAs to derive a list of 29 miRNAs targeting vascular specific genes in zebrafish. We shortlisted eight miRNAs and investigated their potential role in regulating vascular development in zebrafish transgenic model. In this screen we identified three miRNAs, namely miR-1, miR-144 and miR-142a-3p that have the potential to influence vascular development in zebrafish. We show that miR-142a-3p mediates vascular integrity and developmental angiogenesis in vivo. Overexpression of miR-142a-3p results in loss of vascular integrity, hemorrhage and vascular remodeling during zebrafish embryonic development, while loss of function of miR-142a-3p causes abnormal vascular remodeling. MiR-142a-3p functions in part by directly repressing cdh5 (VE-cadherin). The vascular abnormalities that results from modulation of miR-142a-3p are reminiscent of cdh5 perturbation in zebrafish embryos. We also demonstrate that the action of miR-142a on cdh5 is potentially regulated by Lmo2, an important transcription factor, known for its role in vasculature development. The miR142a-3p mediated control of cdh5 constitutes an additional layer of regulation for maintaining vascular integrity and developmental angiogenesis. These findings have implications in development, wound repair and tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Lalwani
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Meenakshi Sharma
- G.N. Ramachandran Knowledge Center for Genome Informatics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Angom Ramcharan Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Rajendra Kumar Chauhan
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Patowary
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Naresh Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- G.N. Ramachandran Knowledge Center for Genome Informatics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Zhang RY, Min D, Wu J, Li L, Qu HP, Tang YQ. Unraveling the mechanisms involved in endothelial barrier protective effects of angiopoietin-1 variant MAT.Ang-1. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2012. [PMID: 23186009 PMCID: PMC3672586 DOI: 10.1186/cc11844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
190
|
Luissint AC, Artus C, Glacial F, Ganeshamoorthy K, Couraud PO. Tight junctions at the blood brain barrier: physiological architecture and disease-associated dysregulation. Fluids Barriers CNS 2012; 9:23. [PMID: 23140302 PMCID: PMC3542074 DOI: 10.1186/2045-8118-9-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Blood–brain barrier (BBB), present at the level of the endothelium of cerebral blood vessels, selectively restricts the blood-to-brain paracellular diffusion of compounds; it is mandatory for cerebral homeostasis and proper neuronal function. The barrier properties of these specialized endothelial cells notably depend on tight junctions (TJs) between adjacent cells: TJs are dynamic structures consisting of a number of transmembrane and membrane-associated cytoplasmic proteins, which are assembled in a multimolecular complex and acting as a platform for intracellular signaling. Although the structural composition of these complexes has been well described in the recent years, our knowledge about their functional regulation still remains fragmentary. Importantly, pericytes, embedded in the vascular basement membrane, and perivascular microglial cells, astrocytes and neurons contribute to the regulation of endothelial TJs and BBB function, altogether constituting the so-called neurovascular unit. The present review summarizes our current understanding of the structure and functional regulation of endothelial TJs at the BBB. Accumulating evidence points to a correlation between BBB dysfunction, alteration of TJ complexes and progression of a variety of CNS diseases, such as stroke, multiple sclerosis and brain tumors, as well as neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. Understanding how TJ integrity is controlled may thus help improve drug delivery across the BBB and the design of therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders.
Collapse
|
191
|
High-mobility group box-1 and endothelial cell angiogenic markers in the vitreous from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:697489. [PMID: 23118492 PMCID: PMC3478750 DOI: 10.1155/2012/697489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure the levels of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in the vitreous fluid from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and to correlate its levels with clinical disease activity and the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the angiogenic cytokine granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), the endothelial cell angiogenic markers soluble vascular endothelial-cadherin (sVE-cadherin), and soluble endoglin (sEng). Vitreous samples from 36 PDR and 21 nondiabetic patients were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HMGB1, VEGF, sVE-cadherin, and sEng levels were significantly higher in PDR patients than in nondiabetics (P = 0.008; <0.001; <0.001; 0.003, resp.). G-CSF was detected in only 3 PDR samples. In the whole study group, there was significant positive correlation between the levels of HMGB1, and sVE-cadherin (r = 0.378, P = 0.007). In PDR patients, there was significant negative correlation between the levels of sVE-cadherin and sEng (r = −0.517, P = 0.0005). Exploratory regression analysis identified significant associations between active PDR and high levels of VEGF (odds ratio = 76.4; 95% confidence interval = 6.32–923) and high levels of sEng (odds ratio = 6.01; 95% confidence interval = 1.25–29.0). Our findings suggest that HMGB1, VEGF, sVE-cadherin and sEng regulate the angiogenesis in PDR.
Collapse
|
192
|
Li L, Bennett SAL, Wang L. Role of E-cadherin and other cell adhesion molecules in survival and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Adh Migr 2012; 6:59-70. [PMID: 22647941 PMCID: PMC3364139 DOI: 10.4161/cam.19583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival, proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs, including human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells) involve a number of processes that require cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), a group of cell surface proteins play a pivotal role in mediating such interactions. Recent studies have provided insights into the essential roles and mechanisms of CAMs in the regulation of hPSC fate decisions. Here, we review the latest research progress in this field and focus on how E-cadherin and several other important CAMs including classic cadherins, Ig-superfamily CAMs, integrins and heparin sulfate proteoglycans control survival and differentiation of hPSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
193
|
Zhang W, Wang LJ, Xiao F, Wei Y, Ke W, Xin HB. Intermedin: a novel regulator for vascular remodeling and tumor vessel normalization by regulating vascular endothelial-cadherin and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2721-32. [PMID: 22922959 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intermedin (IMD), a member of calcitonin family, was suggested to play a role in angiogenesis and cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IMD in the angiogenic process and the underlying mechanism, and the possibility for it to be used as a target for angiogenesis-based anticancer therapies. METHODS AND RESULTS Using in vivo and in vitro 3-dimensional angiogenic models, we found that IMD induced a well-ordered vasculature with hierarchical structure and had a synergistic effect with vascular endothelial growth factor. Using RNA interference, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis, we found that IMD alleviated the undesirable effects of vascular endothelial growth factor by restricting the excessive vessel sprouting and uneven lumen formation through the regulation of vascular endothelial-cadherin and identified its receptor on the endothelial cells. Both mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt activation were involved in the effects. Furthermore, using experimental tumor models, we demonstrated that IMD was involved in tumor angiogenesis, and the blockade of IMD severely impaired blood supply and eventually inhibited tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that IMD played a critical role in the vascular remodeling process and tumor angiogenesis and may serve as a novel target for the development of angiogenesis-based anticancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
194
|
Tobia C, Chiodelli P, Nicoli S, Dell'era P, Buraschi S, Mitola S, Foglia E, van Loenen PB, Alewijnse AE, Presta M. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 controls venous endothelial barrier integrity in zebrafish. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:e104-16. [PMID: 22837470 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.250035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor-1 (S1P(1)) affects different vascular functions, including blood vessel maturation and permeability. Here, we characterized the role of the zS1P(1) ortholog in vascular development in zebrafish. METHODS AND RESULTS zS1P(1) is expressed in dorsal aorta and posterior cardinal vein of zebrafish embryos at 24 to 30 hours postfertilization. zS1P(1) downregulation by antisense morpholino oligonucleotide injection causes early pericardial edema, lack of blood circulation, alterations of posterior cardinal vein structure, and late generalized edema. Also, zS1P(1) morphants are characterized by downregulation of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and Eph receptor EphB4a expression and by disorganization of zonula occludens 1 junctions in posterior cardinal vein endothelium, with no alterations of dorsal aorta endothelium. VE-cadherin knockdown results in similar vascular alterations, whereas VE-cadherin overexpression is sufficient to rescue venous vascular integrity defects and EphB4a downregulation in zS1P(1) morphants. Finally, S1P(1) small interfering RNA transfection and the S1P(1) antagonist (R)-3-amino-(3-hexylphenylamino)-4-oxobutylphosphonic acid (W146) cause EPHB4 receptor down-modulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and the assembly of zonula occludens 1 intercellular contacts is prevented by the EPHB4 antagonist TNYL-RAW peptide in these cells. CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrate a nonredundant role of zS1P(1) in the regulation of venous endothelial barrier in zebrafish and identify a S1P(1)/VE-cadherin/EphB4a genetic pathway that controls venous vascular integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tobia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, Unit of General Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
195
|
Fernández-Martín L, Marcos-Ramiro B, Bigarella CL, Graupera M, Cain RJ, Reglero-Real N, Jiménez A, Cernuda-Morollón E, Correas I, Cox S, Ridley AJ, Millán J. Crosstalk between reticular adherens junctions and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 regulates endothelial barrier function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:e90-102. [PMID: 22723439 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.252080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial cells provide a barrier between the blood and tissues, which is reduced during inflammation to allow selective passage of molecules and cells. Adherens junctions (AJ) play a central role in regulating this barrier. We aim to investigate the role of a distinctive 3-dimensional reticular network of AJ found in the endothelium. METHODS AND RESULTS In endothelial AJ, vascular endothelial-cadherin recruits the cytoplasmic proteins β-catenin and p120-catenin. β-catenin binds to α-catenin, which links AJ to actin filaments. AJ are usually described as linear structures along the actin-rich intercellular contacts. Here, we show that these AJ components can also be organized in reticular domains that contain low levels of actin. Reticular AJ are localized in areas where neighboring cells overlap and encompass the cell adhesion receptor platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1). Superresolution microscopy revealed that PECAM-1 forms discrete structures distinct from and distributed along AJ, within the voids of reticular domains. Inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α increases permeability by mechanisms that are independent of actomyosin-mediated tension and remain incompletely understood. Reticular AJ, but not actin-rich linear AJ, were disorganized by tumor necrosis factor-α. This correlated with PECAM-1 dispersal from cell borders. PECAM-1 inhibition with blocking antibodies or small interfering RNA specifically disrupted reticular AJ, leaving linear AJ intact. This disruption recapitulated typical tumor necrosis factor-α-induced alterations of barrier function, including increased β-catenin phosphorylation, without altering the actomyosin cytoskeleton. CONCLUSIONS We propose that reticular AJ act coordinately with PECAM-1 to maintain endothelial barrier function in regions of low actomyosin-mediated tension. Selective disruption of reticular AJ contributes to permeability increase in response to tumor necrosis factor-α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fernández-Martín
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
196
|
Hartsock A, Nelson WJ. Competitive regulation of E-cadherin juxtamembrane domain degradation by p120-catenin binding and Hakai-mediated ubiquitination. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37476. [PMID: 22693575 PMCID: PMC3365061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
p120-Catenin binding to, and Hakai-mediated ubiquitination of the E-cadherin juxtamembrane domain (JMD) are thought to be involved in regulating E-cadherin internalization and degradation. However, the relationship between these two pathways is not understood. We targeted the E-cadherin JMD to mitochondria (WT-JMD) to isolate this domain from the plasma membrane and internalization, and to examine protein modifications and degradation. WT-JMD localized to mitochondria, but did not accumulate there except when proteasome activity was inhibited. We found WT-JMD was ubiquitinated, and arginine substitution of lysines at position 5 (K5R) and 83 (K83R) resulted in the stable accumulation of mutant JMD at mitochondria. p120-Catenin did not localize, or bind to WT-JMD even upon proteasome inhibition, whereas the K5,83R-JMD mutant bound and localized p120-catenin to mitochondria. Mutation of the p120-catenin binding site in combination with these lysine mutations inhibited p120-catenin binding, but did not decrease JMD stability or its accumulation at mitochondria. Thus, increased stability of JMD lysine mutants was due to inhibition of ubiquitination and not to p120-catenin binding. Finally, mutation of these critical lysines in full length E-cadherin had similar effects on protein stability as WT-JMD. Our results indicate that ubiquitination of the JMD inhibits p120-catenin binding, and targets E-cadherin for degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hartsock
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - W. James Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
Hatanaka K, Lanahan AA, Murakami M, Simons M. Fibroblast growth factor signaling potentiates VE-cadherin stability at adherens junctions by regulating SHP2. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37600. [PMID: 22629427 PMCID: PMC3358251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) system plays a critical role in the maintenance of vascular integrity via enhancing the stability of VE-cadherin at adherens junctions. However, the precise molecular mechanism is not well understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the detailed mechanism of FGF regulation of VE-cadherin function that leads to endothelial junction stabilization. Methods and Findings In vitro studies demonstrated that the loss of FGF signaling disrupts the VE-cadherin-catenin complex at adherens junctions by increasing tyrosine phosphorylation levels of VE-cadherin. Among protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) known to be involved in the maintenance of the VE-cadherin complex, suppression of FGF signaling reduces SHP2 expression levels and SHP2/VE-cadherin interaction due to accelerated SHP2 protein degradation. Increased endothelial permeability caused by FGF signaling inhibition was rescued by SHP2 overexpression, indicating the critical role of SHP2 in the maintenance of endothelial junction integrity. Conclusions These results identify FGF-dependent maintenance of SHP2 as an important new mechanism controlling the extent of VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation, thereby regulating its presence in adherens junctions and endothelial permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Hatanaka
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Anthony A. Lanahan
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Simons
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
Brasch J, Harrison OJ, Honig B, Shapiro L. Thinking outside the cell: how cadherins drive adhesion. Trends Cell Biol 2012; 22:299-310. [PMID: 22555008 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cadherins are a superfamily of cell surface glycoproteins whose ectodomains contain multiple repeats of β-sandwich extracellular cadherin (EC) domains that adopt a similar fold to immunoglobulin domains. The best characterized cadherins are the vertebrate 'classical' cadherins, which mediate adhesion via trans homodimerization between their membrane-distal EC1 domains that extend from apposed cells, and assemble intercellular adherens junctions through cis clustering. To form mature trans adhesive dimers, cadherin domains from apposed cells dimerize in a 'strand-swapped' conformation. This occurs in a two-step binding process involving a fast-binding intermediate called the 'X-dimer'. Trans dimers are less flexible than cadherin monomers, a factor that drives junction assembly following cell-cell contact by reducing the entropic cost associated with the formation of lateral cis oligomers. Cadherins outside the classical subfamily appear to have evolved distinct adhesive mechanisms that are only now beginning to be understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brasch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 1150 Saint Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
199
|
Chen XL, Nam JO, Jean C, Lawson C, Walsh CT, Goka E, Lim ST, Tomar A, Tancioni I, Uryu S, Guan JL, Acevedo LM, Weis SM, Cheresh DA, Schlaepfer DD. VEGF-induced vascular permeability is mediated by FAK. Dev Cell 2012; 22:146-57. [PMID: 22264731 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) form cell-cell adhesive junctional structures maintaining vascular integrity. This barrier is dynamically regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor signaling. We created an inducible knockin mouse model to study the contribution of the integrin-associated focal adhesion tyrosine kinase (FAK) signaling on vascular function. Here we show that genetic or pharmacological FAK inhibition in ECs prevents VEGF-stimulated permeability downstream of VEGF receptor or Src tyrosine kinase activation in vivo. VEGF promotes tension-independent FAK activation, rapid FAK localization to cell-cell junctions, binding of the FAK FERM domain to the vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) cytoplasmic tail, and direct FAK phosphorylation of β-catenin at tyrosine-142 (Y142) facilitating VE-cadherin-β-catenin dissociation and EC junctional breakdown. Kinase inhibited FAK is in a closed conformation that prevents VE-cadherin association and limits VEGF-stimulated β-catenin Y142 phosphorylation. Our studies establish a role for FAK as an essential signaling switch within ECs regulating adherens junction dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lei Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
200
|
Analysis of SSEA1+ vs. SSEA1− fractions of bulk-cultured XENP cell lines. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-012-6113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|