151
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Simoska O, Stevenson KJ. Electrochemical sensors for rapid diagnosis of pathogens in real time. Analyst 2020; 144:6461-6478. [PMID: 31603150 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01747j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Microbial infections remain the principal cause for high morbidity and mortality rates. While approximately 1400 human pathogens have been recognized, the majority of healthcare-associated infectious diseases are caused by only a few opportunistic pathogens (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli), which are associated with increased antibiotic and antimicrobial resistance. Rapid detection, reliable identification and real-time monitoring of these pathogens remain not only a scientific problem but also a practical challenge of vast importance, especially in tailoring effective treatment strategies. Although the development of vaccinations and antibacterial drug treatments are the leading research, progress, and implementation of early warning, quantitative systems indicative of confirming pathogen presence are necessary. Over the years, various approaches, such as conventional culturing, straining, molecular methods (e.g., polymerase chain reaction and immunological assays), microscopy-based and mass spectrometry techniques, have been employed to identify and quantify pathogenic agents. While being sensitive in some cases, these procedures are costly, time-consuming, mostly qualitative, and are indirect detection methods. A great challenge is therefore to develop rapid, highly sensitive, specific devices with adequate figures of merit to corroborate the presence of microbes and enable dynamic real-time measurements of metabolism. As an alternative, electrochemical sensor platforms have been developed as powerful quantitative tools for label-free detection of infection-related biomarkers with high sensitivity. This minireview is focused on the latest electrochemical-based approaches for pathogen sensing, putting them into the context of standard sensing methods, such as cell culturing, mass spectrometry, and fluorescent-based approaches. Description of the latest, impactful electrochemical sensors for pathogen detection will be presented. Recent breakthroughs will be highlighted, including the use of micro- and nano-electrode arrays for real-time detection of bacteria in polymicrobial infections and microfluidic devices for pathogen separation analysis. We will conclude with perspectives and outlooks to understand shortcomings in designing future sensing schemes. The need for high sensitivity and selectivity, low-cost implementation, fast detection, and screening increases provides an impetus for further development in electrochemical detectors for microorganisms and biologically relevant targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olja Simoska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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152
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Effects of exogenous quorum quenching on microbial community dynamics and biofouling propensity of activated sludge in MBRs. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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153
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Wu S, Liu J, Liu C, Yang A, Qiao J. Quorum sensing for population-level control of bacteria and potential therapeutic applications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1319-1343. [PMID: 31612240 PMCID: PMC11104945 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS), a microbial cell-to-cell communication process, dynamically regulates a variety of metabolism and physiological activities. In this review, we provide an update on QS applications based on autoinducer molecules including acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), auto-inducing peptides (AIPs), autoinducer 2 (AI-2) and indole in population-level control of bacteria, and highlight the potential in developing novel clinical therapies. We summarize the development in the combination of various genetic circuits such as genetic oscillators, toggle switches and logic gates with AHL-based QS devices in Gram-negative bacteria. An overview is then offered to the state-of-the-art of much less researched applications of AIP-based QS devices with Gram-positive bacteria, followed by a review of the applications of AI-2 and indole based QS for interspecies communication among microbial communities. Building on these general-purpose QS applications, we highlight the disruptions and manipulations of QS devices as potential clinical therapies for diseases caused by biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance and the phage invasion. The last part of reviewed literature is dedicated to mathematical modelling for QS applications. Finally, the key challenges and future perspectives of QS applications in monoclonal synthetic biology and synthetic ecology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbo Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiaheng Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education (Tianjin University), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chunjiang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Aidong Yang
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK.
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education (Tianjin University), Tianjin, 300072, China.
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154
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Mukherjee S, Bassler BL. Bacterial quorum sensing in complex and dynamically changing environments. Nat Rev Microbiol 2020; 17:371-382. [PMID: 30944413 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-019-0186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing is a process of bacterial cell-to-cell chemical communication that relies on the production, detection and response to extracellular signalling molecules called autoinducers. Quorum sensing allows groups of bacteria to synchronously alter behaviour in response to changes in the population density and species composition of the vicinal community. Quorum-sensing-mediated communication is now understood to be the norm in the bacterial world. Elegant research has defined quorum-sensing components and their interactions, for the most part, under ideal and highly controlled conditions. Indeed, these seminal studies laid the foundations for the field. In this Review, we highlight new findings concerning how bacteria deploy quorum sensing in realistic scenarios that mimic nature. We focus on how quorums are detected and how quorum sensing controls group behaviours in complex and dynamically changing environments such as multi-species bacterial communities, in the presence of flow, in 3D non-uniform biofilms and in hosts during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampriti Mukherjee
- Princeton University, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Bonnie L Bassler
- Princeton University, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton, NJ, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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155
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Rap Protein Paralogs of Bacillus thuringiensis: a Multifunctional and Redundant Regulatory Repertoire for the Control of Collective Functions. J Bacteriol 2020; 202:JB.00747-19. [PMID: 31871034 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00747-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a mechanism of synthesis and detection of signaling molecules to regulate gene expression and coordinate behaviors in bacterial populations. In Bacillus subtilis, multiple paralog Rap-Phr QS systems (receptor-signaling peptides) are highly redundant and multifunctional, interconnecting the regulation of differentiation processes such as sporulation and competence. However, their functions in the Bacillus cereus group are largely unknown. We evaluated the functions of Rap proteins in Bacillus thuringiensis Bt8741, which codes for eight Rap-Phr systems; these were individually overexpressed to study their participation in sporulation, biofilm formation, spreading, and extracellular proteolytic activity. Our results show that four Rap-Phr systems (RapC, RapK, RapF, and RapLike) inhibit sporulation, two of which (RapK and RapF) probably dephosphorylate Spo0F from the Spo0A phosphorelay; these two Rap proteins also inhibit biofilm formation. Four systems (RapC, RacF1, RacF2, and RapLike) participate in spreading inhibition; finally, six systems (RapC, -F, -F2, -I, and -I1 and RapLike) decrease extracellular proteolytic activity. We foresee that functions performed by Rap proteins of Bt8741 could also be carried out by Rap homologs in other strains within the B. cereus group. These results indicate that Rap-Phr systems constitute a highly multifunctional and redundant regulatory repertoire that enables B. thuringiensis and other species from the B. cereus group to efficiently regulate collective functions during their life cycle in the face of changing environments.IMPORTANCE The Bacillus cereus group of bacteria includes species of high economic, clinical, biological warfare, and biotechnological interest, e.g., B. anthracis in bioterrorism, B. cereus in food intoxications, and B. thuringiensis in biocontrol. Knowledge about the ecology of these bacteria is hindered by our limited understanding of the regulatory circuits that control differentiation and specialization processes. Here, we uncover the participation of eight Rap quorum-sensing receptors in collective functions of B. thuringiensis These proteins are highly multifunctional and redundant in their functions, linking ecologically relevant processes such as sporulation, biofilm formation, spreading, extracellular proteolytic activity, and probably other functions in species from the B. cereus group.
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156
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Garcia-Garcera M, Rocha EPC. Community diversity and habitat structure shape the repertoire of extracellular proteins in bacteria. Nat Commun 2020; 11:758. [PMID: 32029728 PMCID: PMC7005277 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We test the hypothesis that the frequency and cost of extracellular proteins produced by bacteria, which often depend on cooperative processes, vary with habitat structure and community diversity. The integration of the environmental distribution of bacteria (using 16S datasets) and their genomes shows that bacteria living in more structured habitats encode more extracellular proteins. In contrast, the effect of community diversity depends on protein function: it’s positive for proteins implicated in antagonistic interactions and negative for those involved in nutrient acquisition. Extracellular proteins are costly and endure stronger selective pressure for low cost and for low diffusivity in less structured habitats and in more diverse communities. Finally, Bacteria found in multiple types of habitats, including host-associated generalists, encode more extracellular proteins than niche-restricted bacteria. These results show that ecological variables, notably habitat structure and community diversity, shape the evolution of the repertoires of genes encoding extracellular proteins and thus affect the ability of bacteria to manipulate their environment. Microbes secrete a repertoire of extracellular proteins to serve various functions depending on the ecological context. Here the authors examine how bacterial community composition and habitat structure affect the extracellular proteins, showing that generalist species and those living in more structured environments produce more extracellular proteins, and that costs of production are lower in more diverse communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Garcia-Garcera
- Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, UMR3525, 28, rue Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France. .,Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Batiment Biophore, Quartier SORGE, 1003, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Eduardo P C Rocha
- Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, UMR3525, 28, rue Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
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157
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Vogel J, Wakker-Havinga M, Setroikromo R, Quax WJ. Immobilized Acylase PvdQ Reduces Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation on PDMS Silicone. Front Chem 2020; 8:54. [PMID: 32117880 PMCID: PMC7012999 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial biofilm plays a key role in nosocomial infections, especially those related to medical devices in sustained contact with patients. The active dispersion of bacterial cells out of biofilms acts as a reservoir for infectious diseases. The formation of such biofilms is a highly complex process, which is coordinated by many regulatory mechanisms of the pathogen including quorum sensing (QS). Many bacteria coordinate the expression of key virulence factors dependent on their population density through QS. The inhibition of this system is called quorum quenching (QQ). Thus, preventing the development of biofilms is considered a promising approach to prevent the development of hard to treat infections. Enzymatic QQ is the concept of interfering with the QS system of bacteria outside the cell. PvdQ is an acylase with an N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn-hydrolase) that is a part of the pyoverdine gene cluster (pvd). It is able to cleave irreversibly the amide bond of long chain N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHL) rendering them inactive. Long chain AHLs are the main signaling molecule in the QS system of the gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, which is known for surface-associated biofilms on indwelling catheters and is also the cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Furthermore, PA01 is a well characterized pathogen with respect to QS as well as QQ. In this study, we immobilized the acylase PvdQ on polydimethylsiloxane silicone (PDMS), creating a surface with quorum quenching properties. The goal is to control infections by minimizing the colonization of indwelling medical devices such as urinary catheters or intravascular catheters. The enzyme activity was confirmed by testing the degradation of the main auto-inducer that mediates QS in P. aeruginosa. In this article we report for the first time a successful immobilization of the quorum quenching acylase PvdQ on PDMS silicone. We could show that immobilized PvdQ retained its activity after the coating procedure and showed a 6-fold reduction of the auto-inducer 3-oxo-C12 in a biosensor setup. Further we report significant reduction of a P. aeruginosa PA01 biofilm on a coated PDMS surface compared to the same untreated material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vogel
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Department, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marijke Wakker-Havinga
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Department, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rita Setroikromo
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Department, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wim J Quax
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Department, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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158
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Koirala B, Tal-Gan Y. Development of Streptococcus pneumoniae Pan-Group Quorum-Sensing Modulators. Chembiochem 2020; 21:340-345. [PMID: 31291510 PMCID: PMC6952583 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in multidrug-resistant pathogens is a major health concern that could bring mankind back to the pre-antibiotic era. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a highly recombinogenic opportunistic pathogen that causes a variety of deadly diseases and rapidly develops resistance to current antibiotic treatments. S. pneumoniae pathogenicity is dependent on a cell-density communication mechanism, or quorum sensing (QS), termed the competence regulon. In this work, we set out to design signal-based QS modulators capable of affecting the two specificity groups found in S. pneumoniae. Through systematic analysis and rational design, we were able to construct peptide-based pan-group QS activators and inhibitors with activities in the nanomolar range. These novel analogues are privileged scaffolds for the development of anti-virulence therapeutics against S. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Koirala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada, 89557, United States
| | - Yftah Tal-Gan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada, 89557, United States
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159
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Takayama Y, Kato N. Inhibition of quorum sensing in opportunistic pathogen, Serratia marcescens, using cyclodextrin-immobilized, multiple parallel gel filaments fabricated with dynamic flow of polymer blend solution. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 107:110331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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160
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Martín JF, Liras P. The Balance Metabolism Safety Net: Integration of Stress Signals by Interacting Transcriptional Factors in Streptomyces and Related Actinobacteria. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3120. [PMID: 32038560 PMCID: PMC6988585 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil dwelling Streptomyces species are faced with large variations in carbon or nitrogen sources, phosphate, oxygen, iron, sulfur, and other nutrients. These drastic changes in key nutrients result in an unbalanced metabolism that have undesirable consequences for growth, cell differentiation, reproduction, and secondary metabolites biosynthesis. In the last decades evidence has accumulated indicating that mechanisms to correct metabolic unbalances in Streptomyces species take place at the transcriptional level, mediated by different transcriptional factors. For example, the master regulator PhoP and the large SARP-type regulator AfsR bind to overlapping sequences in the afsS promoter and, therefore, compete in the integration of signals of phosphate starvation and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) concentrations. The cross-talk between phosphate control of metabolism, mediated by the PhoR-PhoP system, and the pleiotropic orphan nitrogen regulator GlnR, is very interesting; PhoP represses GlnR and other nitrogen metabolism genes. The mechanisms of control by GlnR of several promoters of ATP binding cassettes (ABC) sugar transporters and carbon metabolism are highly elaborated. Another important cross-talk that governs nitrogen metabolism involves the competition between GlnR and the transcriptional factor MtrA. GlnR and MtrA exert opposite effects on expression of nitrogen metabolism genes. MtrA, under nitrogen rich conditions, represses expression of nitrogen assimilation and regulatory genes, including GlnR, and competes with GlnR for the GlnR binding sites. Strikingly, these sites also bind to PhoP. Novel examples of interacting transcriptional factors, discovered recently, are discussed to provide a broad view of this interactions. Altogether, these findings indicate that cross-talks between the major transcriptional factors protect the cell metabolic balance. A detailed analysis of the transcriptional factors binding sequences suggests that the transcriptional factors interact with specific regions, either by overlapping the recognition sequence of other factors or by binding to adjacent sites in those regions. Additional interactions on the regulatory backbone are provided by sigma factors, highly phosphorylated nucleotides, cyclic dinucleotides, and small ligands that interact with cognate receptor proteins and with TetR-type transcriptional regulators. We propose to define the signal integration DNA regions (so called integrator sites) that assemble responses to different stress, nutritional or environmental signals. These integrator sites constitute nodes recognized by two, three, or more transcriptional factors to compensate the unbalances produced by metabolic stresses. This interplay mechanism acts as a safety net to prevent major damage to the metabolism under extreme nutritional and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Martín
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Paloma Liras
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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161
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Götze S, Stallforth P. Structure, properties, and biological functions of nonribosomal lipopeptides from pseudomonads. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:29-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c9np00022d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria of the genusPseudomonasdisplay a fascinating metabolic diversity. In this review, we focus our attention on the natural product class of nonribosomal lipopeptides, which help pseudomonads to colonize a wide range of ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Götze
- Faculty 7: Natural and Environmental Sciences
- Institute for Environmental Sciences
- University Koblenz Landau
- 76829 Landau
- Germany
| | - Pierre Stallforth
- Junior Research Group Chemistry of Microbial Communication
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology Hans Knöll Institute (HKI)
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
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162
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Compatibility of Site-Specific Recombination Units between Mobile Genetic Elements. iScience 2019; 23:100805. [PMID: 31926432 PMCID: PMC6957869 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Site-specific recombination (SSR) systems are employed for transfer of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as lysogenic phages and integrative conjugative elements (ICEs). SSR between attP/I and attB sites is mediated by an integrase (Int) and a recombination directionality factor (RDF). The genome of Bacillus subtilis 168 contains SPβ, an active prophage, skin, a defective prophage, and ICEBs1, an integrative conjugative element. Each of these MGEs harbors the classic SSR unit attL-int-rdf-attR. Here, we demonstrate that these SSR units are all compatible and can substitute for one another. Specifically, when SPβ is turned into a defective prophage by deletion of its SSR unit, introduction of the SSR unit of skin or ICE converts it back to an active prophage. We also identified closely related prophages with distinct SSR units that control developmentally regulated gene rearrangements of kamA (L-lysine 2,3-aminomutase). These results suggest that SSR units are interchangeable components of MGEs. Lysogenic phage-derived SSR unit is sufficient to drive SSR of ICE and vice versa Defective prophage-derived SSR unit can drive the excision of the active lysogenic phage Closely related prophages with distinct SSR units control each gene rearrangements Correspondence between MGEs and their cognate SSR units is not absolute
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163
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Zamakhaev MV, Goncharenko AV, Shumkov MS. Toxin-Antitoxin Systems and Bacterial Persistence (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819060140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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164
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Large conformation shifts of Vibrio cholerae VqmA dimer in the absence of target DNA provide insight into DNA-binding mechanisms of LuxR-type receptors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:399-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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165
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Annunziato G. Strategies to Overcome Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Making Use of Non-Essential Target Inhibitors: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5844. [PMID: 31766441 PMCID: PMC6928725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics have always been considered as one of the most relevant discoveries of the twentieth century. Unfortunately, the dawn of the antibiotic era has sadly corresponded to the rise of the phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is a natural process whereby microbes evolve in such a way to withstand the action of drugs. In this context, the identification of new potential antimicrobial targets and/or the identification of new chemical entities as antimicrobial drugs are in great demand. To date, among the many possible approaches used to deal with antibiotic resistance is the use of antibiotic adjuvants that hit bacterial non-essential targets. In this review, the author focuses on the discovery of antibiotic adjuvants and on new tools to study and reduce the prevalence of resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannamaria Annunziato
- Probes for Targets Group (P4T group), Department of food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
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166
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Simoska O, Sans M, Eberlin LS, Shear JB, Stevenson KJ. Electrochemical monitoring of the impact of polymicrobial infections on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and growth dependent medium. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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167
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Regulatory Mechanisms of the LuxS/AI-2 System and Bacterial Resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.01186-19. [PMID: 31383657 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01186-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The quorum-sensing (QS) system is an intercellular cell-cell communication mechanism that controls the expression of genes involved in a variety of cellular processes and that plays critical roles in the adaption and survival of bacteria in their environment. The LuxS/AI-2 QS system, which uses AI-2 (autoinducer-2) as a signal molecule, has been identified in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. As one of the important global regulatory networks in bacteria, it responds to fluctuations in the numbers of bacteria and regulates the expression of a number of genes, thus affecting cell behavior. We summarize here the known relationships between the LuxS/AI-2 system and drug resistance, discuss the inhibition of LuxS/AI-2 system as an approach to prevent bacterial resistance, and present new strategies for the treatment of drug-resistant pathogens.
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168
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Wiker F, Konnerth M, Helmle I, Kulik A, Kaysser L, Gross H, Gust B. Identification of Novel α-Pyrones from Conexibacter woesei Serving as Sulfate Shuttles. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1972-1980. [PMID: 31419109 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyrones comprise a structurally diverse class of compounds. Although they are widespread in nature, their specific physiological functions remain unknown in most cases. We recently described that triketide pyrones mediate the sulfotransfer in caprazamycin biosynthesis. Herein, we report the identification of conexipyrones A-C, three previously unrecognized tetra-substituted α-pyrones, from the soil actinobacterium Conexibacter woesei. Insights into their biosynthesis via a type III polyketide synthase were obtained by feeding studies using isotope-enriched precursors. In vitro assays employing the genetically associated 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS)-dependent sulfotransferase CwoeST revealed conexipyrones as the enzymes' genuine sulfate acceptor substrates. Furthermore, conexipyrones were determined to function as sulfate shuttles in a two-enzyme assay, because their sulfated derivatives were accepted as donor molecules by the PAPS-independent arylsulfate sulfotransferase (ASST) Cpz4 to yield sulfated caprazamycin intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Wiker
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Konnerth
- Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Irina Helmle
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kulik
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leonard Kaysser
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Gross
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bertolt Gust
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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169
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Ueno T, Fischer JT, Boon EM. Nitric Oxide Enters Quorum Sensing via the H-NOX Signaling Pathway in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2108. [PMID: 31620101 PMCID: PMC6759604 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a major role in the regulation of mammalian biological functions. In recent years, NO has also been implicated in bacterial life cycles, including in the regulation of biofilm formation, and the metabolism of the bacterial second messenger signaling molecule cyclic-di-GMP. In a previous study, we reported the discovery of an NO-responsive quorum sensing (QS) circuit in Vibrio harveyi. Here, we characterize the homologous QS pathway in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Spectroscopic analysis shows V. parahaemolyticus H-NOX is an NO sensory protein that binds NO in 5/6-coordinated mixed manner. Further, we demonstrate that through ligation to H-NOX, NO inhibits the autophosphorylation activity of an H-NOX-associated histidine kinase (HqsK; H-NOX-associated quorum sensing kinase) that transfers phosphate to the Hpt (histidine-containing phosphotransfer protein) protein LuxU. Indeed, among the three Hpt proteins encoded by V. parahaemolyticus, HqsK transfers phosphate only to the QS-associated phosphotransfer protein LuxU. Finally, we show that NO promotes transcription of the master quorum sensing regulatory gene opaR at low cell density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ueno
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan T. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Boon
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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170
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Mion S, Rémy B, Plener L, Brégeon F, Chabrière E, Daudé D. Quorum Quenching Lactonase Strengthens Bacteriophage and Antibiotic Arsenal Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2049. [PMID: 31551983 PMCID: PMC6734170 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Many bacteria use quorum sensing (QS), a bacterial communication system based on the diffusion and perception of small signaling molecules, to synchronize their behavior in a cell-density dependent manner. QS regulates the expression of many genes associated with virulence factor production and biofilm formation. This latter is known to be involved in antibiotic and phage resistance mechanisms. Therefore, disrupting QS, a strategy known as quorum quenching (QQ), appears to be an interesting way to reduce bacterial virulence and increase antibiotic and phage treatment efficiency. In this study, the ability of the QQ enzyme SsoPox-W263I, a lactonase able to degrade acyl-homoserine lactones, was investigated for quenching both virulence and biofilm formation in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from diabetic foot ulcers, as well as in the PA14 model strain. These strains were further evolved to resist to bacteriophage cocktails. Overall, 10 antibiotics or bacteriophage resistant strains were evaluated and SsoPox-W263I was shown to decrease pyocyanin, protease and elastase production in all strains. Furthermore, a reduction of more than 70% of biofilm formation was achieved in six out of ten strains. This anti-virulence potential was confirmed in vivo using an amoeba infection model, showing enhanced susceptibility toward amoeba of nine out of ten P. aeruginosa isolates upon QQ. This amoeba model was further used to demonstrate the ability of SsoPox-W263I to enhance the susceptibility of sensitive and phage resistant bacteria to bacteriophage and antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mion
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Rémy
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Gene&GreenTK, Marseille, France
| | | | - Fabienne Brégeon
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires Centre Hospitalo Universitaire Nord, Pôle Cardio-Vasculaire et Thoracique, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Chabrière
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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171
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Kindler O, Pulkkinen O, Cherstvy AG, Metzler R. Burst statistics in an early biofilm quorum sensing model: the role of spatial colony-growth heterogeneity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12077. [PMID: 31427659 PMCID: PMC6700081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48525-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum-sensing bacteria in a growing colony of cells send out signalling molecules (so-called “autoinducers”) and themselves sense the autoinducer concentration in their vicinity. Once—due to increased local cell density inside a “cluster” of the growing colony—the concentration of autoinducers exceeds a threshold value, cells in this clusters get “induced” into a communal, multi-cell biofilm-forming mode in a cluster-wide burst event. We analyse quantitatively the influence of spatial disorder, the local heterogeneity of the spatial distribution of cells in the colony, and additional physical parameters such as the autoinducer signal range on the induction dynamics of the cell colony. Spatial inhomogeneity with higher local cell concentrations in clusters leads to earlier but more localised induction events, while homogeneous distributions lead to comparatively delayed but more concerted induction of the cell colony, and, thus, a behaviour close to the mean-field dynamics. We quantify the induction dynamics with quantifiers such as the time series of induction events and burst sizes, the grouping into induction families, and the mean autoinducer concentration levels. Consequences for different scenarios of biofilm growth are discussed, providing possible cues for biofilm control in both health care and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kindler
- Institute for Physics & Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Otto Pulkkinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland and Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrey G Cherstvy
- Institute for Physics & Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralf Metzler
- Institute for Physics & Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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172
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Aufinger L, Simmel FC. Establishing Communication Between Artificial Cells. Chemistry 2019; 25:12659-12670. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Aufinger
- Physics Department and ZNNTechnische Universität München Am Coulombwall 4a 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Friedrich C. Simmel
- Physics Department and ZNNTechnische Universität München Am Coulombwall 4a 85748 Garching Germany
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173
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Okada BK, Li A, Seyedsayamdost MR. Identification of the Hypertension Drug Guanfacine as an Antivirulence Agent in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2005-2011. [PMID: 30927315 PMCID: PMC6814388 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An alternative solution to the cyclical development of new antibiotics is the concept of disarming pathogens without affecting their growth, thereby eliminating the selective pressures that lead to resistant phenotypes. Here, we have employed our previously developed HiTES methodology to identify one such compound against the ESKAPE pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Rather than induce silent biosynthetic gene clusters, we used HiTES to suppress actively expressed virulence genes. By screening a library of 770 FDA-approved drugs, we identified guanfacine, a clinical hypertension drug, as an antivirulence agent in P. aeruginosa. Follow-up studies showed that guanfacine reduces biofilm formation and pyocycanin production without altering growth. Moreover, we identified a homologue of QseC, a sensor His kinase used by multiple pathogens to turn on virulence, as a target of guanfacine. Our studies suggest that guanfacine might be an attractive antivirulence lead in P. aeruginosa and provide a template for uncovering such molecules by screening for downregulators of actively expressed biosynthetic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany K Okada
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Anran Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Mohammad R Seyedsayamdost
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
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174
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Zhuang X, Zhang A, Chu W. Anti-quorum sensing activity of Forsythia suspense extract against Chromobacterium violaceum by targeting CviR receptor. Int Microbiol 2019; 23:215-224. [PMID: 31342213 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-019-00091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial pathogens has focused researchers on quorum sensing inhibition strategies instead of those conventional approaches to fight bacterial infections. Anti-quorum sensing (QS) activity of aqueous extract from Forsythia suspense (FSE) was assessed, and its potential QS inhibition mechanisms were also analyzed. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of FSE to Chromobacterium violaceum 12472 is 0.5 mg mL-1. Inhibition of QS-regulated violacein production and biofilm formation in C. violaceum 12472 by FSE occurred in a concentration-dependent manner at sub-MIC, with > 70.12 and > 85.31% inhibition at 0.25 mg mL-1, respectively. N-Acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) extracted from cultures of C. violaceum 31532 grown in the presence of FSE could not change the violacein production in C. violaceum 026, which indicated that FSE did not inhibit AHL synthesis. We also found that FSE cannot degrade AHLs. Finally, in silico molecular docking was conducted. The computed binding energy data suggested that components of F. suspense have a tendency to inhibit CviR with varying binding affinities and the energy score of Pinoresinol (- 26.02 kcal/mol) is higher than that of C6-HSL (- 16.09 kcal mol-1). We concluded that FSE acts as an antagonist of bacterial quorum sensing by competing with AHL receptor binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyi Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - An Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Weihua Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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175
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Chen M, Liu H, Yan F. Oscillatory dynamics mechanism induced by protein synthesis time delay in quorum-sensing system. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:062405. [PMID: 31330665 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.062405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental evidence reports that the oscillatory behavior of quorum sensing plays an extremely important role in the process of bacterial synthesis and release drug to fight cancer. As we know, the six substances AiiA, LuxI, internal AHL, external AHL, AHL substrate, and H_{2}O_{2} are the core parts of the quorum-sensing system. Here, the effects of several important factors, including time delay, variable H_{2}O_{2}, AHL synthesis rate induced by LuxI, and AHL degradation rate induced by AiiA on the oscillatory behavior of the quorum-sensing system are studied theoretically based on a part of mathematical model describing the interaction of the above six substances proposed by Prindle et al. [Nature 508, 387 (2014)10.1038/nature13238]. The results show that the time delay is a prerequisite for inducing oscillation of the quorum-sensing system. Furthermore, the length of time delay can determine the amplitude and period of oscillation. As a further matter, the change of H_{2}O_{2} concentration can induce the oscillatory behavior of the quorum-sensing system. In addition, under the regulation of H_{2}O_{2}, the period robustness of the quorum-sensing system is increased. Similarly, the quorum-sensing system exhibits periodic oscillation when AHL synthesis rate induced by LuxI less than a certain critical value, unless it displays a steady state. Additionally, a too-high or too-low level of AHL degradation rate induced by AiiA will fail to generate oscillation of the quorum-sensing system, only the intermediate level will cause oscillation. Finally, the two and three parameter regions in which the quorum-sensing system exhibits oscillation behavior are generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Chen
- Department of Mathematics, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Haihong Liu
- Department of Mathematics, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Mathematics, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
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176
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Kanugala S, Kumar CG, Rachamalla HKR, Palakeeti B, Kallaganti VSR, Nimmu NV, Cheemalamarri C, Patel HK, Thipparapu G. Chumacin-1 and Chumacin-2 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CGK-KS-1 as novel quorum sensing signaling inhibitors for biocontrol of bacterial blight of rice. Microbiol Res 2019; 228:126301. [PMID: 31422232 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro inhibition of quorum sensing signal, xanthan gum secretion, biofilm formation in different Xanthomonas pathovars and biological control of bacterial blight of rice by the two bioactive extrolites produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CGK-KS-1 were explored. These extrolites were extracted from Diaion HP-20 resin with methanol and purified by preparative-thin layer chromatography. Further, spectroscopic structural elucidation revealed the tentative identity of these extrolites to be (R,3E,5E,9Z,11E)-13-((3S,5R)-5-acetyl-2,6-dimethylheptan-3-yl)-10-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,8-diazabicyclo[9.3.1]pentadeca-3,5,9,11(15),13-pentaen-2-one and (R,3E,5E,8E,11E)-13-((3S,5R)-5-acetyl-2,6-dimethylheptan-3-yl)-4-methyl-1,8-diazabicyclo[9.3.1]pentadeca-3,5,8,11(15),13-pentaene-2,10-dione, named as Chumacin-1 and Chumacin-2, respectively. Antimicrobial assay showed Chumacin-1 and Chumacin-2 exhibited a strong in vitro growth inhibition against various Xanthomonas pathovars. Quorum sensing overlay assay using a reporter strain Chromobacterium violaceum strain CV026 showed that Chumacin-1 and Chumacin-2 inhibited quorum sensing signaling. The mechanistic studies revealed that these extrolites inhibited the production of quorum sensing signaling factor, cis-11-methyl-2-dodecenoic acid; suppressed the xanthan gum secretion and also inhibited the biofilms formed by various Xanthomonas pathovars. Both Chumacin-1 and Chumacin-2 showed ROS generation in the test Xanthomonas strains, resulting in in vitro cell membrane damage was revealed through CSLM and FE-SEM micrographs. Further, greenhouse experiments using Samba Mashuri (BPT-5204) revealed that seed treatment with Chumacin-1 and Chumacin-2 along with foliar spray groups showed up to ˜80% reduction in bacterial blight disease in rice. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on new quorum sensing inhibitors, Chumacin-1 and Chumacin-2 produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CGK-KS-1 exhibiting DSF inhibition activity in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirisha Kanugala
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - C Ganesh Kumar
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Hari Krishna Reddy Rachamalla
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Babji Palakeeti
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | | | - Narendra Varma Nimmu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Chandrasekhar Cheemalamarri
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Hitendra Kumar Patel
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Ganapathi Thipparapu
- Stem Cell Research Division, Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
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177
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Paul R, Ghosh T, Tang T, Kumar A. Rivalry in Bacillus subtilis colonies: enemy or family? SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:5400-5411. [PMID: 31172158 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00794f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two colonies of Bacillus subtilis of identical strains growing adjacent to each other on an agar plate exhibit two distinct types of interactions: they either merge as they grow or demarcation occurs leading to formation of a line of demarcation at the colony fronts. The nature of this interaction depends on the agar concentration in the growth medium and the initial separation between the colonies. When the agar concentration was 0.67% or lower, the two sibling colonies were found to always merge. At 1% or higher concentrations, the colonies formed a demarcation line only when their initial separation was 20 mm or higher. Interactions of a colony with solid structures and liquid drops have indicated that biochemical factors rather than the presence of physical obstacles are responsible for the demarcation line formation. A reaction diffusion model has been formulated to predict if two sibling colonies will form a demarcation line under given agar concentration and initial separation. The model prediction agrees well with experimental findings and generates a dimensionless phase diagram containing merging and demarcation regimes. The phase diagram is in terms of a dimensionless initial separation, d[combining macron], and a dimensionless diffusion coefficient, D[combining macron], of the colonies. The phase boundary between the two interaction regimes can be described by a power law relation between d[combining macron] and D[combining macron].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajorshi Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Tanushree Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Tian Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Aloke Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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178
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Wang EX, Liu Y, Ma Q, Dong XT, Ding MZ, Yuan YJ. Synthetic cell–cell communication in a three-species consortium for one-step vitamin C fermentation. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:951-961. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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179
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Murugayah SA, Gerth ML. Engineering quorum quenching enzymes: progress and perspectives. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:793-800. [PMID: 31064863 PMCID: PMC6599154 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing is a key contributor to the virulence of many important plant, animal and human pathogens. The disruption of this signalling-a process referred to as 'quorum quenching'-is a promising new approach for controlling microbial pathogens. In this mini-review, we have focused on efforts to engineer enzymes that disrupt quorum sensing by inactivating acyl-homoserine lactone signalling molecules. We review different approaches for protein engineering and provide examples of how these engineering approaches have been used to tailor the stability, specificity and activities of quorum quenching enzymes. Finally, we grapple with some of the issues around these approaches-including the disconnect between in vitro biochemistry and potential in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen A Murugayah
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Monica L Gerth
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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180
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Girard L. Quorum sensing in Vibrio spp.: the complexity of multiple signalling molecules in marine and aquatic environments. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:451-471. [PMID: 31241379 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1624499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a density-dependent mechanism enabling bacteria to coordinate their actions via the release of small diffusible molecules named autoinducers (AIs). Vibrio spp. are able to adapt to changing environmental conditions by using a wide range of physiological mechanisms and many species pose a threat for human health and diverse marine and estuarine ecosystems worldwide. Cell-to-cell communication controls many of their vital functions such as niche colonization, survival strategies, or virulence. In this review, I summarize (1) the different known QS pathways (2) the diversity of AIs as well as their biological functions, and (3) the QS-mediated interactions between Vibrio and other organisms. However, the current knowledge is limited to a few pathogenic or bioluminescent species and in order to provide a genus-wide view an inventory of QS genes among 87 Vibrio species has been made. The large diversity of signal molecules and their differential effects on a particular physiological function suggest that the complexity of multiple signalling systems within bacterial communities is far from being fully understood. I question here the real level of specificity of such communication in the environment and discuss the different perspectives in order to better apprehend QS in natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Girard
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics , KU Leuven , Belgium
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181
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Quorum sensing as a potential target for increased production of rhamnolipid biosurfactant in Burkholderia thailandensis E264. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6505-6517. [PMID: 31222386 PMCID: PMC6667413 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09942-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Burkholderia thailandensis E264 is a potential non-pathogenic substitute for producing rhamnolipid biosurfactant, replacing the pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, it has low rhamnolipid production and longer fermentation time. We have earlier suggested that media supplementation with exogenous quorum sensing (QS) molecules could lead to early onset of biosynthesis and increased rhamnolipid yield. Here, we assessed the effect of single, double or triple mutations in the various QS systems of B. thailandensis on rhamnolipid production, with the view to see which system(s) have the most impact on rhamnolipid yield and subsequently use the QS molecule to potentially increase yield in the wild-type B. thailandensis. The triple mutant strain had a rhamnolipid yield of 4.46 ± 0.345 g/l at 240 h of fermentation which was significantly higher than that of the wild type (0.94 ± 0.06 g/l), an unexpected outcome. To gain more insight as to how this might occur, we studied substrate metabolism and energy storage in the form of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) by both the triple mutant and the wild type. We observed increased glycerol metabolism and reduced PHA production in the triple mutant compared with the wild type. Glycerol concentration at 240 h and maximum PHA productivity (g/gDCB) were 8.76 g/l or 16.19 g/l and 21.80% or 31.4% in either the triple mutant or the wild type respectively. Complementation of the triple-mutant cultures with exogenous QS molecules restored rhamnolipid production to similar levels as the wild type. QS therefore is a potential target for increased rhamnolipid production in B. thailandensis.
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182
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Wang Y, Wang F, Bao X, Fu L. Systematic analysis of lysine acetylome reveals potential functions of lysine acetylation in Shewanella baltica, the specific spoilage organism of aquatic products. J Proteomics 2019; 205:103419. [PMID: 31212084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Protein lysine acetylation is a major post-translational modification and plays a critical regulatory role in almost every aspect in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, yet there have been no data on Shewanella baltica, which is one of the specific spoilage organism (SSO) of aquatic products. Here, we performed the first global acetylproteome analysis of S. baltica. 2929 lysine acetylation sites were identified in 1103 proteins, accounting for 26.1% of the total proteins which participate in a wide variety of biological processes, especially in the constituent of ribosome, the biosynthesis of aminoacyl-tRNA, the amino acids and fatty acid metabolism. Besides, 14 conserved acetylation motifs were detected in S. baltica. Notably, various directly or indirectly spoilage-related proteins were prevalently acetylated, including enzymes involved in the unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis closely related to the cold adaptability, cold shock proteins, pivotal enzymes involved in the putrescine biosynthesis, and a LuxR-type protein in quorum sensing system. The acetylome analysis in Shewanella can supplement the database and provide new insight into uncovering the spoilage mechanisms of S. baltica. The provided dataset illuminates the potential role of reversible acetylation in S. baltica, and serves as an important resource for exploring the physiological role of lysine acetylation in prokaryotes. SIGNIFICANCE: The psychrotrophic nature and the ability of S. baltica to make good use of "habitat" nutrients explain its importance in spoilage of seafood stored at low temperatures. However, the underlying mechanism of spoilage potential from the perspective of protein post-translational modification was rarely studied. This work identifies the first comprehensive survey of a lysine acetylome in S. baltica and uncovers the involvement of lysine acetylation in the diverse biological processes, especially in the closely spoilage-related pathways. This study provides a resource for functional analysis of acetylated proteins and creates opportunities for in-depth elucidation of the physiological role of protein acetylation in Shewanella spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Zhejiang Engineering Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xingyue Bao
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Linglin Fu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Zhejiang Engineering Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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183
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Antunes J, Leão P, Vasconcelos V. Marine biofilms: diversity of communities and of chemical cues. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 11:287-305. [PMID: 30246474 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces immersed in seawater are rapidly colonized by various microorganisms, resulting in the formation of heterogenic marine biofilms. These communities are known to influence the settlement of algae spores and invertebrate larvae, triggering a succession of fouling events, with significant environmental and economic impacts. This review covers recent research regarding the differences in composition of biofilms isolated from different artificial surface types and the influence of environmental factors on their formation. One particular phenomenon - bacterial quorum sensing (QS) - allows bacteria to coordinate swarming, biofilm formation among other phenomena. Some other marine biofilm chemical cues are believed to modulate the settlement and the succession of macrofouling organisms, and they are also reviewed here. Finally, since the formation of a marine biofilm is considered to be an initial, QS-dependent step in the development of marine fouling events, QS inhibition is discussed on its potential as a tool for antibiofouling control in marine settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Antunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 4069-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Leão
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 4069-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 4069-007, Porto, Portugal
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184
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Wang Y, Liu B, Li J, Gong S, Dong X, Mao C, Yi L. LuxS/AI-2 system is involved in fluoroquinolones susceptibility in Streptococcus suis through overexpression of efflux pump SatAB. Vet Microbiol 2019; 233:154-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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185
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Guan Z, Pei K, Wang J, Cui Y, Zhu X, Su X, Zhou Y, Zhang D, Tang C, Yin P, Liu Z, Zou T. Structural insights into DNA recognition by AimR of the arbitrium communication system in the SPbeta phage. Cell Discov 2019; 5:29. [PMID: 31149347 PMCID: PMC6536502 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-019-0101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A newly identified arbitrium communication system regulates the lysis-to-lysogeny decision in a Bacillus bacteriophage. This system contains an arbitrium hexapeptide as a signal, the cellular receptor AimR, and the lysogenic negative regulator AimX. AimR specifically targets the downstream DNA to activate aimX gene expression. The arbitrium peptide binds to AimR, inhibiting its DNA-binding to promote phage lysogeny. Recently, we and other groups have elucidated how arbitrium peptide sensed by AimR. However, the molecular mechanisms of DNA recognition by AimR and the regulation of its DNA-binding activity by the peptide remain largely unknown. Here, we report the crystal structure of the AimR–DNA complex at 2.1 Å resolution. The N-terminal HTH motif recognizes the palindromic DNA sequence, buttressed by interactions between positively charged residues and the DNA phosphate groups. The DNA-bound AimR assembles a more closed dimer than the peptide-bound form. Single-molecule FRET and crosslinking assays revealed that the AimR protein samples both open and closed conformations in solution. Arbitrium peptide binding induces a closed-to-open conformational change of AimR, eliminating DNA targeting. Our structural and functional analysis provides new insights into the DNA recognition mechanism of AimR and its regulation by the arbitrium peptide in the context of phage lysis-lysogeny decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Guan
- 1National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Kai Pei
- 1National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Jing Wang
- 1National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Yongqing Cui
- 1National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- 1National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Xiang Su
- 1National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Yuanbao Zhou
- 1National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Delin Zhang
- 1National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Chun Tang
- 2CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, and National Center for Magnetic Resonance at Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei Province China
| | - Ping Yin
- 1National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Zhu Liu
- 1National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Tingting Zou
- 3College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
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186
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Quorum Sensing Circuits in the Communicating Mechanisms of Bacteria and Its Implication in the Biosynthesis of Bacteriocins by Lactic Acid Bacteria: a Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 12:5-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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187
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Liu M, Jia Y, Xie Y, Zhang C, Ma J, Sun C, Ju J. Identification of the Actinomycin D Biosynthetic Pathway from Marine-Derived Streptomyces costaricanus SCSIO ZS0073. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E240. [PMID: 31018504 PMCID: PMC6521150 DOI: 10.3390/md17040240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive secondary metabolites from Streptomycetes are important sources of lead compounds in current drug development. Streptomyces costaricanus SCSIO ZS0073, a mangrove-derived actinomycete, produces actinomycin D, a clinically used therapeutic for Wilm's tumor of the kidney, trophoblastic tumors and rhabdomyosarcoma. In this work, we identified the actinomycin biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) acn by detailed analyses of the S. costaricanus SCSIO ZS0073 genome. This organism produces actinomycin D with a titer of ~69.8 μg mL-1 along with traces of actinomycin Xoβ. The acn cluster localized to a 39.8 kb length region consisting of 25 open reading frames (ORFs), including a set of four genes that drive the construction of the 4-methyl-3-hydroxy-anthranilic acid (4-MHA) precursor and three non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) that generate the 4-MHA pentapeptide semi-lactone, which, upon dimerization, affords final actinomycin D. Furthermore, the acn cluster contains four positive regulatory genes acnWU4RO, which were identified by in vivo gene inactivation studies. Our data provide insights into the genetic characteristics of this new mangrove-derived actinomycin D bioproducer, enabling future metabolic engineering campaigns to improve both titers and the structural diversities possible for actinomycin D and related analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China.
- College of Oceanography, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yanxi Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China.
- College of Oceanography, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yunchang Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China.
- College of Oceanography, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Junying Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Changli Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Jianhua Ju
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China.
- College of Oceanography, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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188
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Haque S, Yadav DK, Bisht SC, Yadav N, Singh V, Dubey KK, Jawed A, Wahid M, Dar SA. Quorum sensing pathways in Gram-positive and -negative bacteria: potential of their interruption in abating drug resistance. J Chemother 2019; 31:161-187. [DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2019.1599175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh K. Yadav
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shekhar C. Bisht
- Department of Biotechnology, H.N.B Garhwal University, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neelam Yadav
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vineeta Singh
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Arshad Jawed
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Wahid
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Departments of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
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189
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Srinivasan S, Vladescu ID, Koehler SA, Wang X, Mani M, Rubinstein SM. Matrix Production and Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis Biofilms Localize to Propagating Wave Fronts. Biophys J 2019; 114:1490-1498. [PMID: 29590605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are surface-attached microbial communities encased in self-produced extracellular polymeric substances. Here we demonstrate that during the development of Bacillus subtilis biofilms, matrix production is localized to an annular front propagating at the periphery and sporulation to a second front at a fixed distance at the interior. We show that within these fronts, cells switch off matrix production and transition to sporulation after a set time delay of ∼100 min. Correlation analyses of fluctuations in fluorescence reporter activity reveal that the fronts emerge from a pair of gene-expression waves of matrix production and sporulation. The localized expression waves travel across cells that are immobilized in the biofilm matrix in contrast to active cell migration or horizontal colony spreading. Our results suggest that front propagation arises via a local developmental program occurring at the level of individual bacterial cells, likely driven by nutrient depletion and metabolic by-product accumulation. A single-length scale and timescale couples the spatiotemporal propagation of both fronts throughout development. As a result, gene expression patterns within the advancing fronts collapse to self-similar expression profiles. Our findings highlight the key role of the localized cellular developmental program associated with the propagating front in describing biofilm growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddarth Srinivasan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - Ioana D Vladescu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Stephan A Koehler
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Madhav Mani
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Shmuel M Rubinstein
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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190
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Significantly improved production of Welan gum by Sphingomonas sp. WG through a novel quorum-sensing-interfering dipeptide cyclo(L-Pro-L-Phe). Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 126:118-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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191
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Martín JF, Liras P. Harnessing microbiota interactions to produce bioactive metabolites: communication signals and receptor proteins. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 48:8-16. [PMID: 30933876 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Numerous microbial communities live in soil, aquatic habitats, plants, and animal bodies. Microbial genome sequences have revealed that thousands of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are present in different bacteria and filamentous fungi. Many of these BGCs are not expressed in pure cultures in the laboratory. However, a large part of these silent clusters is expressed in nature when complex microbial populations are studied. The encoding specialized metabolites are frequently produced at very low concentrations but still they serve as communication signals that produce important biochemical and differentiation effects on other microorganisms of the consortium. Many specialized metabolites acting as communication signals have been identified, including autoinducers, intergeneric, and interkingdom cues. These signals trigger expression of silent BGCs in other microorganisms, thus providing new compounds with interesting biological and pharmacological activities. Examples of interactions between different bacteria or between bacteria and fungi are described here. Finally, the relevance of the human microbiota and the production in vivo of specialized metabolites of medical interest is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Martín
- Department of Molecular Biology, Section Microbiology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Paloma Liras
- Department of Molecular Biology, Section Microbiology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
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192
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Stotani S, Gatta V, Medarametla P, Padmanaban M, Karawajczyk A, Giordanetto F, Tammela P, Laitinen T, Poso A, Tzalis D, Collina S. DPD-Inspired Discovery of Novel LsrK Kinase Inhibitors: An Opportunity To Fight Antimicrobial Resistance. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2720-2737. [PMID: 30786203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is posing a continuous threat to global public health and represents a huge burden for society as a whole. In the past decade, the interference with bacterial quorum sensing (QS) (i.e., cell-cell communication) mechanisms has extensively been investigated as a valid therapeutic approach in the pursuit of a next generation of antimicrobials. ( S)-4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione, commonly known as ( S)-DPD, a small signaling molecule that modulates QS in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, is phosphorylated by LsrK, and the resulting phospho-DPD activates QS. We designed and prepared a small library of DPD derivatives, characterized by five different scaffolds, and evaluated their LsrK inhibition in the context of QS interference. SAR studies highlighted the pyrazole moiety as an essential structural element for LsrK inhibition. Particularly, four compounds were found to be micromolar LsrK inhibitors (IC50 ranging between 100 μM and 500 μM) encouraging further exploration of novel analogues as potential new antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Stotani
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section , University of Pavia , Viale Taramelli 12 , 27100 Pavia , Italy.,Medicinal Chemistry , Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG , Emil-Figge-Straße 76a , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Viviana Gatta
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Prasanthi Medarametla
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Eastern Finland , P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio , Finland
| | - Mohan Padmanaban
- Medicinal Chemistry , Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG , Emil-Figge-Straße 76a , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Anna Karawajczyk
- Selvita S.A. , Park Life Science, Bobrzyňskiego 14 , 30-348 Krakow , Poland
| | - Fabrizio Giordanetto
- Medicinal Chemistry , Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG , Emil-Figge-Straße 76a , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Päivi Tammela
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Tuomo Laitinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Eastern Finland , P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio , Finland
| | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Eastern Finland , P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio , Finland
| | - Dimitros Tzalis
- Medicinal Chemistry , Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG , Emil-Figge-Straße 76a , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Simona Collina
- Medicinal Chemistry , Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG , Emil-Figge-Straße 76a , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
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193
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Wang Y, Wang F, Wang C, Li X, Fu L. Positive Regulation of Spoilage Potential and Biofilm Formation in Shewanella baltica OS155 via Quorum Sensing System Composed of DKP and Orphan LuxRs. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:135. [PMID: 30804914 PMCID: PMC6370745 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The spoilage potential and biofilm formation of Shewanella baltica are reported to be regulated by Quorum sensing (QS) system from the phenotype point of view, but the specific mechanism is not fully understood. In the present study, the QS autoinducers were detected by UHPLC-MS/MS, cell density-dependent luxR-type genes were obtained through autoregulation experiments among a series of candidates in S. baltica OS155 (The SSO of large yellow croaker). The direct interaction between cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) (PP) and LuxR01 as well as LuxR02 proteins was revealed via in vitro binding assay. Deletion of luxR-type genes (luxR01 and luxR02) impaired spoilage potential and biofilm formation of S. baltica OS155 in various degrees. Transcriptional analysis and qRT-PCR validation showed that spoilage and biofilm-related genes torS, speF, and pomA were down-regulated in luxR01 and luxR02 deletion strains. In addition, exogenous PP promoted spoilage potential and biofilm formation, which could be attenuated by luxR01 or luxR02 deletion. Our results revealed an explicit QS system employing PP as autoinducer and two orphan LuxRs as receptors which positively regulated spoilage capacity and biofilm formation via transcriptional regulation of corresponding genes in S. baltica OS155, which provides potential specific targets for seafood preservation involving QS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Wang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Linglin Fu
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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194
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McCarty NS, Ledesma-Amaro R. Synthetic Biology Tools to Engineer Microbial Communities for Biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:181-197. [PMID: 30497870 PMCID: PMC6340809 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microbial consortia have been used in biotechnology processes, including fermentation, waste treatment, and agriculture, for millennia. Today, synthetic biologists are increasingly engineering microbial consortia for diverse applications, including the bioproduction of medicines, biofuels, and biomaterials from inexpensive carbon sources. An improved understanding of natural microbial ecosystems, and the development of new tools to construct synthetic consortia and program their behaviors, will vastly expand the functions that can be performed by communities of interacting microorganisms. Here, we review recent advancements in synthetic biology tools and approaches to engineer synthetic microbial consortia, discuss ongoing and emerging efforts to apply consortia for various biotechnological applications, and suggest future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S. McCarty
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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195
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Simoska O, Sans M, Fitzpatrick MD, Crittenden CM, Eberlin LS, Shear JB, Stevenson KJ. Real-Time Electrochemical Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Phenazine Metabolites Using Transparent Carbon Ultramicroelectrode Arrays. ACS Sens 2019; 4:170-179. [PMID: 30525472 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, we use a recently developed electrochemical sensing platform of transparent carbon ultramicroelectrode arrays (T-CUAs) for the in vitro detection of phenazine metabolites from the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Specifically, redox-active metabolites pyocyanin (PYO), 5-methylphenazine-1-carboxylic acid (5-MCA), and 1-hydroxyphenazine (OHPHZ) are produced by P. aeruginosa, which is commonly found in chronic wound infections and in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. As highly diffusible chemicals, PYO and other metabolites are extremely toxic to surrounding host cells and other competing microorganisms, thus their detection is of great importance as it could provide insights regarding P. aeruginosa virulence mechanisms. Phenazine metabolites are known to play important roles in cellular functions; however, very little is known about how their concentrations fluctuate and influence cellular behaviors over the course of infection and growth. Herein we report the use of easily assembled, low-cost electrochemical sensors that provide rapid response times, enhanced sensitivity, and high reproducibility. As such, these T-CUAs enable real-time electrochemical monitoring of PYO and another extremely reactive and distinct redox-active phenazine metabolite, 5-methylphenazine-1-carboxylic acid (5-MCA), from a highly virulent laboratory P. aeruginosa strain, PA14. In addition to quantifying phenazine metabolite concentrations, changes in phenazine dynamics are observed in the biosynthetic route for the production of PYO. Our quantitative results, over a 48-h period, show increasing PYO concentrations during the first 21 h of bacterial growth, after which PYO levels plateau and then slightly decrease. Additionally, we explore environmental effects on phenazine dynamics and PYO concentrations in two growth media, tryptic soy broth (TSB) and lysogeny broth (LB). The maximum concentrations of cellular PYO were determined to be 190 ± 5 μM and 150 ± 1 μM in TSB and LB, respectively. Finally, using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and nanoelectrospray ionization (nano-ESI) mass spectrometry we confirm the detection and identification of reactive phenazine metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olja Simoska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Marta Sans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mignon D. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Christopher M. Crittenden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Livia S. Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jason B. Shear
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Keith J. Stevenson
- Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Street, Moscow 143026, Russia
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196
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Mion S, Rémy B, Plener L, Chabrière É, Daudé D. Quorum sensing et quorum quenching : Comment bloquer la communication des bactéries pour inhiber leur virulence ? Med Sci (Paris) 2019; 35:31-38. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2018310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
La plupart des bactéries utilisent un système de communication, le quorum sensing, fondé sur la sécrétion et la perception de petites molécules appelées autoinducteurs qui leur permettent d’adapter leur comportement en fonction de la taille de la population. Les bactéries mutualisent ainsi leurs efforts de survie en synchronisant entre elles la régulation de gènes impliqués notamment dans la virulence, la résistance aux antimicrobiens ou la formation du biofilm. Des méthodes ont vu le jour pour inhiber cette communication entre bactéries et limiter leurs effets nocifs. Des inhibiteurs chimiques, des anticorps ou encore des enzymes capables d’interférer avec les autoinducteurs ont été développés et se sont montrés efficaces pour diminuer la virulence des bactéries à la fois in vitro et in vivo. Cette stratégie, appelée quorum quenching, a également montré des effets synergiques avec des traitements antibactériens classiques. Il permettrait notamment d’augmenter la sensibilité des bactéries aux antibiotiques. Ceci constitue une piste thérapeutique prometteuse pour lutter contre les infections bactériennes et limiter les conséquences de l’antibiorésistance.
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197
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Abstract
Quorum sensing is a vital property of bacteria that enables community-wide coordination of collective behaviors. A key example of such a behavior is biofilm formation, in which groups of bacteria invest in synthesizing a protective, joint extracellular matrix. Quorum sensing involves the production, release, and subsequent detection of extracellular signaling molecules called autoinducers. The architecture of quorum-sensing signal transduction pathways is highly variable among different species of bacteria, but frequently involves posttranscriptional regulation carried out by small regulatory RNA molecules. This review illustrates the diverse roles small trans-acting regulatory RNAs can play, from constituting a network's core to auxiliary roles in adjusting the rate of autoinducer synthesis, mediating cross talk among different parts of a network, or integrating different regulatory inputs to trigger appropriate changes in gene expression. The emphasis is on describing how the study of small RNA-based regulation in quorum sensing and biofilm formation has uncovered new general properties or expanded our understanding of bacterial riboregulation.
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198
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Su Y, Tang K, Liu J, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Zhang XH. Quorum Sensing System of Ruegeria mobilis Rm01 Controls Lipase and Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3304. [PMID: 30687283 PMCID: PMC6333666 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) promotes in situ extracellular enzyme (EE) activity via the exogenous signal N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL), which facilitates marine particle degradation, but the species that engage in this regulatory mechanism remain unclear. Here, we obtained AHL-producing and AHL-degrading strains from marine particles. The strain Ruegeria mobilis Rm01 of the Roseobacter group (RBG), which was capable of both AHL producing and degrading, was chosen to represent these strains. We demonstrated that Rm01 possessed a complex QS network comprising AHL-based QS and quorum quenching (QQ) systems and autoinducer-2 (AI-2) perception system. Rm01 was able to respond to multiple exogenous QS signals through the QS network. By applying self-generated AHLs and non-self-generated AHLs and AI-2 QS signal molecules, we modulated biofilm formation and lipase production in Rm01, which reflected the coordination of bacterial metabolism with that of other species via eavesdropping on exogenous QS signals. These results suggest that R. mobilis might be one of the participators that could regulate EE activities by responding to QS signals in marine particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Su
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Weifang Engineering Vocational College, Weifang, China
| | - Kaihao Tang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiwen Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanfen Zheng
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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199
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Wu H, Li M, Guo H, Zhou H, Li B, Xu Q, Xu C, Yu F, He J. Crystal structure of the Vibrio cholerae VqmA-ligand-DNA complex provides insight into ligand-binding mechanisms relevant for drug design. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:2580-2592. [PMID: 30610119 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
VqmA is a highly conserved transcriptional regulator of the quorum-sensing system of Vibrio cholerae, a major human pathogen that continues to imperil human health. VqmA represses biofilm formation and plays an important role in V. cholerae pathogenicity in the human host. Although VqmA's biological function is well understood, the molecular mechanisms by which its specific ligand (and effector), 3,5-dimethylpyrazine-2-ol (DPO), controls transcription of the target gene, vqmR, remain obscure. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of DPO binding, we used structural analyses and biochemical assays to study the V. cholerae VqmA-DPO-DNA complex. These analyses revealed that VqmA contains an N-terminal homodimer domain (PAS) and a C-terminal DNA-binding domain (DBD). We observed that VqmA directly binds to a DPO molecule via a compact hydrophobic pocket, consisting of a six-stranded antiparallel β-sheet and several α-helices. We also found that the VqmA dimer interacts with the quasi-palindromic sequence of the vqmR promoter through its DBD. The results of the biochemical studies indicated that a water atom and VqmA residues Phe-67 and Lys-101 play a key role in effector recognition, which is also assisted by Tyr-36 and Phe-99. This is the first molecular level view of the VqmA dimer bound to DPO and DNA. The structure-function analyses presented here improve our understanding of the complex mechanisms in the transcriptional regulation of VqmA in Vibrio spp. and may inform the design of drugs to manage V. cholerae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wu
- From the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800 and.,the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minjun Li
- From the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800 and
| | - Haojie Guo
- From the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800 and.,the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- From the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800 and
| | - Bing Li
- From the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800 and.,the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qin Xu
- From the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800 and.,the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- From the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800 and
| | - Feng Yu
- From the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800 and
| | - Jianhua He
- From the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800 and
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200
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Okano C, Murota D, Nasuno E, Iimura KI, Kato N. Effective quorum quenching with a conformation-stable recombinant lactonase possessing a hydrophilic polymeric shell fabricated via electrospinning. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:437-444. [PMID: 30813045 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) in Gram-negative bacteria is frequently regulated by the diffusible signal N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) along with the production of virulence factors in pathogens. To inhibit QS, we fabricated heat-resistant, long-term-stable AHL-lactonase AiiM by electrospinning (ES) aqueous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution containing genetically engineered AiiM with a maltose-binding protein (MBP) tag. MBP-AiiM was immobilized via its inclusion within a dense PVA shell formed during the drying process of ES, followed by cross-linking between hydroxyl groups on PVA. Secondary structure analysis via circular dichroism suggested no conformational change in the MBP-AiiM during ES. Even after pre-heating of MBP-AiiM/PVA fiber mats at 70 °C for 24 h, QS-dependent prodigiosin production in the model pathogen Serratia marcescens AS-1 was effectively inhibited to 0.13% that of the control. Additionally, relative prodigiosin production was reduced to ~20% that of the control after 5-month storage in buffer solution. These results suggest that a shear-thinning process using an entangled PVA aggregate during elongational changes to fibrous domains and a drying process during ES contributes not to enzymatic inactivation caused by conformational changes, but rather to the fabrication of a dense PVA shell around the MBP-AiiM molecules to protect them from disruptors including heating. The developed quorum-quenching enzyme has high potential to inhibit AHL-mediated QS frequently appearing in various Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chigusa Okano
- Creative Department for Innovation, Collaboration Center for Research and Development, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya 321-8585, Japan
| | - Daichi Murota
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya 321-8585, Japan
| | - Eri Nasuno
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya 321-8585, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Iimura
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya 321-8585, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya 321-8585, Japan.
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