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Bohovych I, Chan SS, Khalimonchuk O. Mitochondrial protein quality control: the mechanisms guarding mitochondrial health. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:977-94. [PMID: 25546710 PMCID: PMC4390190 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondria are complex dynamic organelles pivotal for cellular physiology and human health. Failure to maintain mitochondrial health leads to numerous maladies that include late-onset neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular disorders. Furthermore, a decline in mitochondrial health is prevalent with aging. A set of evolutionary conserved mechanisms known as mitochondrial quality control (MQC) is involved in recognition and correction of the mitochondrial proteome. RECENT ADVANCES Here, we review current knowledge and latest developments in MQC. We particularly focus on the proteolytic aspect of MQC and its impact on health and aging. CRITICAL ISSUES While our knowledge about MQC is steadily growing, critical gaps remain in the mechanistic understanding of how MQC modules sense damage and preserve mitochondrial welfare, particularly in higher organisms. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Delineating how coordinated action of the MQC modules orchestrates physiological responses on both organellar and cellular levels will further elucidate the current picture of MQC's role and function in health, cellular stress, and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Bohovych
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
- Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Sherine S.L. Chan
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
- Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
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152
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Mitochondrial Lon regulates apoptosis through the association with Hsp60-mtHsp70 complex. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1642. [PMID: 25675302 PMCID: PMC4669791 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human Lon protease is a mitochondrial matrix protein with several functions, including protein degradation, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) binding, and chaperone activity. Lon is currently emerging as an important regulator of mitochondria-contributed tumorigenesis due to its overexpression in cancer cells. To understand the mechanism of increased Lon in tumor cells, we studied the interactome to identify the chaperone Lon-associated proteins by proteomics approaches using the cells overexpressing Lon. In the present study, we designed a method connecting co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) to in-solution digestion for the shotgun mass spectrometry. We identified 76 proteins that were putative Lon-associated proteins that participated in mitochondrial chaperone system, cellular metabolism and energy, cell death and survival, and mtDNA stability. The association between Lon and NDUFS8 or Hsp60-mtHsp70 complex was confirmed by Co-IP and immunofluorescence co-localization assay. We then found that the protein stability/level of Hsp60-mtHsp70 complex depends on the level of Lon under oxidative stress. Most importantly, the ability of increased Lon-inhibited apoptosis is dependent on Hsp60 that binds p53 to inhibit apoptosis. These results suggest that the mechanism underlying cell survival regulated by Lon is mediated by the maintenance of the protein stability of Hsp60-mtHsp70 complex. This new knowledge of chaperone Lon interactome will allow us to better understand the cellular mechanism of Lon in mitochondrial function and of its overexpression in enhancing cell survival and tumorigenesis.
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153
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Jang H, Yang J, Lee E, Cheong JH. Metabolism in embryonic and cancer stemness. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:381-8. [PMID: 25598509 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0558-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cells constantly adjust their metabolic state in response to extracellular signals and nutrient availability to meet their demand for energy and building blocks. Recently, there has been significant research into the metabolic aspects of embryonic stem cells/pluripotent stem cells (ESCs/PSCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs), which has revealed the unique metabolic status of different stem cell lineages. While ESCs and CSCs were largely thought to harbor similar metabolic states, recent evidence demonstrates that their metabolic dependency is distinctly different. The glucose metabolism of ESCs largely depends on glycolysis, including a one-carbon pathway during differentiation. While proliferating cancer cells share the glycolytic phenotype of ESCs, the mitochondria-centric oxidative phosphorylation constitutes an important metabolic circuit of CSCs under metabolic stress, indicating the dynamic nature of metabolic plasticity. In this review, we catalogued metabolic signatures of cellular "stemness" to provide insights into the therapeutic potential of ESCs and CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyonchol Jang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 410-769, Republic of Korea,
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154
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Strauss KA, Jinks RN, Puffenberger EG, Venkatesh S, Singh K, Cheng I, Mikita N, Thilagavathi J, Lee J, Sarafianos S, Benkert A, Koehler A, Zhu A, Trovillion V, McGlincy M, Morlet T, Deardorff M, Innes AM, Prasad C, Chudley AE, Lee INW, Suzuki CK. CODAS syndrome is associated with mutations of LONP1, encoding mitochondrial AAA+ Lon protease. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:121-35. [PMID: 25574826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CODAS syndrome is a multi-system developmental disorder characterized by cerebral, ocular, dental, auricular, and skeletal anomalies. Using whole-exome and Sanger sequencing, we identified four LONP1 mutations inherited as homozygous or compound-heterozygous combinations among ten individuals with CODAS syndrome. The individuals come from three different ancestral backgrounds (Amish-Swiss from United States, n = 8; Mennonite-German from Canada, n = 1; mixed European from Canada, n = 1). LONP1 encodes Lon protease, a homohexameric enzyme that mediates protein quality control, respiratory-complex assembly, gene expression, and stress responses in mitochondria. All four pathogenic amino acid substitutions cluster within the AAA(+) domain at residues near the ATP-binding pocket. In biochemical assays, pathogenic Lon proteins show substrate-specific defects in ATP-dependent proteolysis. When expressed recombinantly in cells, all altered Lon proteins localize to mitochondria. The Old Order Amish Lon variant (LONP1 c.2161C>G[p.Arg721Gly]) homo-oligomerizes poorly in vitro. Lymphoblastoid cell lines generated from affected children have (1) swollen mitochondria with electron-dense inclusions and abnormal inner-membrane morphology; (2) aggregated MT-CO2, the mtDNA-encoded subunit II of cytochrome c oxidase; and (3) reduced spare respiratory capacity, leading to impaired mitochondrial proteostasis and function. CODAS syndrome is a distinct, autosomal-recessive, developmental disorder associated with dysfunction of the mitochondrial Lon protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Strauss
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579, USA; Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, PA 17602, USA; Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA.
| | - Robert N Jinks
- Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Erik G Puffenberger
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579, USA; Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Sundararajan Venkatesh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Kamalendra Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Iteen Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Natalie Mikita
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jayapalraja Thilagavathi
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jae Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Stefan Sarafianos
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Abigail Benkert
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579, USA; Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Alanna Koehler
- Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Anni Zhu
- Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Victoria Trovillion
- Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Madeleine McGlincy
- Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Thierry Morlet
- Auditory Physiology and Psychoacoustics Research Laboratory, duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Matthew Deardorff
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Chitra Prasad
- Medical Genetics Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute and Western University, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada
| | - Albert E Chudley
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada
| | - Irene Nga Wing Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Carolyn K Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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