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Koehler A, Koch F, El-Ahmar M, Ristig M, Lehmann K, Ritz JP. Correction to: Necessity of routine perioperative epidural catheter placement in laparoscopic colorectal resections: a retrospective data analysis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2024; 409:125. [PMID: 38619665 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-024-03314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- A Koehler
- Clinic for General and Visceral Surgery, Helios Clinics in Schwerin, University Campus of the MSH Medical School Hamburg, Wismarsche Strasse 393-397, Schwerin, 19055, Germany.
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
| | - F Koch
- Clinic for General and Visceral Surgery, Helios Clinics in Schwerin, University Campus of the MSH Medical School Hamburg, Wismarsche Strasse 393-397, Schwerin, 19055, Germany
| | - M El-Ahmar
- Clinic for General and Visceral Surgery, Helios Clinics in Schwerin, University Campus of the MSH Medical School Hamburg, Wismarsche Strasse 393-397, Schwerin, 19055, Germany
| | - M Ristig
- Clinic for General and Visceral Surgery, Helios Clinics in Schwerin, University Campus of the MSH Medical School Hamburg, Wismarsche Strasse 393-397, Schwerin, 19055, Germany
| | - K Lehmann
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - J-P Ritz
- Clinic for General and Visceral Surgery, Helios Clinics in Schwerin, University Campus of the MSH Medical School Hamburg, Wismarsche Strasse 393-397, Schwerin, 19055, Germany
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Koehler A, Koch F, El-Ahmar M, Ristig M, Lehmann K, Ritz JP. Necessity of routine perioperative epidural catheter placement in laparoscopic colorectal resections: a retrospective data analysis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2023; 408:335. [PMID: 37624426 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-023-03074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whether epidural anesthesia leads to further improvement in the postoperative course of colorectal procedures is under discussion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of minimally invasive colorectal oncological interventions without epidural anesthesia (EDA). METHODS This retrospective data analysis included the clinical data of all patients who underwent minimally invasive oncological colorectal resection at our clinic between January 2013 and April 2019. Of 385 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 183 (group I; 47.5% of 385) received EDA, and 202 (group II; 52.5% of 385) received transversus abdominis plane block instead. The relevant target parameters were evaluated and compared between the groups. The postoperative complications were graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. RESULTS The patients in group I (n=183; women, 77; men, 106; age 66.8 years) were younger (p=0.0035), received a urinary catheter more often (99.5% versus [vs.] 28.2% p<0.001), required longer, more frequent arterenol treatment (1.1 vs. 0.6 days; p<0.001), and had a longer intermediate care unit stay than those in group II (2.8 vs. 1.1 days; p<0.001). Postoperative pain levels were not significantly different between the groups (p=0.078). The patients in group I were able to ambulate later than those in group II (4 vs. 2 days; p<0.001). The difference in the postoperative day of the first defecation was not significant between the groups (p=0.236). The incidence of postoperative complications such as bleeding (p=0.396), anastomotic leaks (p=0.113), and wound infections (p=0.641) did not differ between the groups. The patients in group I had significantly longer hospital stays than those in group II (12.2 vs. 9.4 days; p<0.001). CONCLUSION EDA can be safely omitted from elective minimally invasive colorectal resections, and its omission is not accompanied by any relevant disadvantages to the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Koehler
- Clinic for General and Visceral Surgery, Helios Clinics in Schwerin, University Campus of the MSH Medical School Hamburg, Wismarsche Strasse 393-397, Schwerin, 19055, Germany.
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
| | - F Koch
- Clinic for General and Visceral Surgery, Helios Clinics in Schwerin, University Campus of the MSH Medical School Hamburg, Wismarsche Strasse 393-397, Schwerin, 19055, Germany
| | - M El-Ahmar
- Clinic for General and Visceral Surgery, Helios Clinics in Schwerin, University Campus of the MSH Medical School Hamburg, Wismarsche Strasse 393-397, Schwerin, 19055, Germany
| | - M Ristig
- Clinic for General and Visceral Surgery, Helios Clinics in Schwerin, University Campus of the MSH Medical School Hamburg, Wismarsche Strasse 393-397, Schwerin, 19055, Germany
| | - K Lehmann
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - J-P Ritz
- Clinic for General and Visceral Surgery, Helios Clinics in Schwerin, University Campus of the MSH Medical School Hamburg, Wismarsche Strasse 393-397, Schwerin, 19055, Germany
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Saji S, Mittendorf E, Harbeck N, Zhang H, Barrios C, Hegg R, Koehler A, Sohn J, Iwata H, Telli M, Ferrario C, Punie K, Llorca FP, Patel S, Duc AN, Hermoso ML, Maiya V, Molinero L, Chui S, Jung K. 3MO IMpassion031: Results from a phase III study of neoadjuvant (neoadj) atezolizumab + chemo in early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Koehler A, Kharofa J, Meier T. Evaluating Lymphopenia and Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Cervical and Vaginal Cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Beveridge I, Jabbar A, Koehler A, Sukee T. A morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of relationships between genera of the nematode sub-family Cloacininae (Stossich) (Strongyloidea: Chabertiidae) parasitic in kangaroos, wallabies and rat-kangaroos (Marsupialia: Macropodoidea). Zootaxa 2020; 4851:zootaxa.4851.2.3. [PMID: 33056727 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A phylogenetic analysis of the genera of the strongyloid sub-family Cloacininae from macropodoid marsupials in Australasia was undertaken based on morphological characteristics and analysis of concatenated sequences (ITS+) of the first (ITS-1) and second (ITS-2) internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Neither approach provided a robust phylogeny, but similarities between the two methods in terms of generic groupings suggested that substantial revision is needed of the current phenetic classification, with some of the key morphological characteristics currently used to define genera and tribes proving to be homoplasious.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Beveridge
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Heblich F, Kübler C, Jaschke F, Mitterhauser M, Koehler A, Petutschnigg B, Kroll M. [Acute Dyspnea at Sea Due to Misjudgement of Pre-existing Medical Conditions]. Pneumologie 2020; 74:300-303. [PMID: 32392615 DOI: 10.1055/a-0978-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A guest on a cruise ship must be disembarked during the voyage due to a probable malignant pleural effusion recurring after puncture and draining part of the fluid. As in this case, patients are often advised by their general practitioners or specialists to take part in an already planned cruise, although complications of existing underlying diseases cannot always be well treated in the on-board hospital. The diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities in the on-board hospital are clearly limited in many aspects compared to hospitals ashore and disembarkation is not desirable everywhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Heblich
- Schiffsarztlehrgang GbR Kiel.,Medical Department TUI Cruises GmbH, Hamburg
| | - C Kübler
- Medical Department TUI Cruises GmbH, Hamburg
| | - F Jaschke
- Medical Department TUI Cruises GmbH, Hamburg
| | | | - A Koehler
- Medical Department TUI Cruises GmbH, Hamburg
| | | | - M Kroll
- Medical Department TUI Cruises GmbH, Hamburg
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Milazzo A, Giles L, Zhang Y, Koehler A, Hiller JE, Bi P. Food Safety during Hot Weather: Knowledge and Practices of Salmonella and Campylobacter cases in South Australia. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv097.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Strauss KA, Jinks RN, Puffenberger EG, Venkatesh S, Singh K, Cheng I, Mikita N, Thilagavathi J, Lee J, Sarafianos S, Benkert A, Koehler A, Zhu A, Trovillion V, McGlincy M, Morlet T, Deardorff M, Innes AM, Prasad C, Chudley AE, Lee INW, Suzuki CK. CODAS syndrome is associated with mutations of LONP1, encoding mitochondrial AAA+ Lon protease. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:121-35. [PMID: 25574826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CODAS syndrome is a multi-system developmental disorder characterized by cerebral, ocular, dental, auricular, and skeletal anomalies. Using whole-exome and Sanger sequencing, we identified four LONP1 mutations inherited as homozygous or compound-heterozygous combinations among ten individuals with CODAS syndrome. The individuals come from three different ancestral backgrounds (Amish-Swiss from United States, n = 8; Mennonite-German from Canada, n = 1; mixed European from Canada, n = 1). LONP1 encodes Lon protease, a homohexameric enzyme that mediates protein quality control, respiratory-complex assembly, gene expression, and stress responses in mitochondria. All four pathogenic amino acid substitutions cluster within the AAA(+) domain at residues near the ATP-binding pocket. In biochemical assays, pathogenic Lon proteins show substrate-specific defects in ATP-dependent proteolysis. When expressed recombinantly in cells, all altered Lon proteins localize to mitochondria. The Old Order Amish Lon variant (LONP1 c.2161C>G[p.Arg721Gly]) homo-oligomerizes poorly in vitro. Lymphoblastoid cell lines generated from affected children have (1) swollen mitochondria with electron-dense inclusions and abnormal inner-membrane morphology; (2) aggregated MT-CO2, the mtDNA-encoded subunit II of cytochrome c oxidase; and (3) reduced spare respiratory capacity, leading to impaired mitochondrial proteostasis and function. CODAS syndrome is a distinct, autosomal-recessive, developmental disorder associated with dysfunction of the mitochondrial Lon protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Strauss
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579, USA; Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, PA 17602, USA; Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA.
| | - Robert N Jinks
- Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Erik G Puffenberger
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579, USA; Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Sundararajan Venkatesh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Kamalendra Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Iteen Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Natalie Mikita
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jayapalraja Thilagavathi
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jae Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Stefan Sarafianos
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Abigail Benkert
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579, USA; Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Alanna Koehler
- Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Anni Zhu
- Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Victoria Trovillion
- Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Madeleine McGlincy
- Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Thierry Morlet
- Auditory Physiology and Psychoacoustics Research Laboratory, duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Matthew Deardorff
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Chitra Prasad
- Medical Genetics Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute and Western University, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada
| | - Albert E Chudley
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada
| | - Irene Nga Wing Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Carolyn K Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Koehler A, Shew H. First Report of Stem Rot of Stevia Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in North Carolina. Plant Dis 2014; 98:1433. [PMID: 30704009 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-14-0307-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stevia (Stevia rebaundiana Bertoni) is an emerging perennial crop in the United States. The crop is grown for 3 to 5 years with two harvests per growing season. Stevia contains numerous glycosides that are used as a natural noncaloric sweetener, and in 2008 was approved by the USDA as a sugar substitute. In commercial plantings of second-year stevia in North Carolina, diseased plants were observed in April and May of 2013. Diseased plants were observed in several counties in the state in fields that had been planted primarily in a corn-soybean rotation prior to stevia planting. Symptoms included wilting, chlorotic leaves, necrotic leaves at the base of the stem, bleached stem lesions, and dead plants. Symptomatic plants often also had tufts of white hyphae present on stems and large, irregularly shaped 2- to 8-mm black sclerotia frequently were present on the base of the stem. Isolations from infected stem tissue were made on potato dextrose agar amended with 50 μg/ml of streptomycin sulfate and penicillin G. Based on hyphal and sclerotial characteristics, isolates were tentatively identified as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary (4). Koch's postulates were confirmed on 10-week-old Stevia plants cv. G3 grown in the greenhouse in 10-cm-diameter pots containing a sterile 1:1:1 sand, loam, media mix. Oat grains infested with one isolate obtained from diseased field plants served as the inoculum. Oats were sterilized on three consecutive days, inoculated with colonized agar plugs of S. sclerotiorum, and then incubated at room temperature until they were thoroughly colonized. Three infested oat grains were buried 1 cm deep approximately 2 cm from the base of the plant in each of the six test pots and plants were observed over a 3-week period for symptoms. Symptoms developed on all plants within 5 days of inoculation. Leaves began to wilt, then turned chlorotic and necrotic, with stem lesions and sclerotia present at the base of the plant. Isolations were taken from infected stem tissue and pure cultures were prepared for molecular identification. Uninoculated control plants did not develop symptoms. Pathogen identification was confirmed using universal primers ITS 4,5 and β-tubulin (2,3). Mycelium from the cultured greenhouse stem isolations were grown in potato dextrose broth. Mycelium samples were aspirated and lyophilized prior to DNA extraction. Extracted DNA was amplified through PCR with ITS and β-tubulin primers and sent for sequencing. Sequences were aligned using CLC Workbench. Sequences from ITS45 had 100% identity to S. sclerotiorum GenBank Accession No. KF859933.1, confirming S. sclerotiorum as the causal organism. The β-tubulin sequence was compared against the Broad Institute S. sclerotiorum whole genome shotgun sequence and was confirmed to have 100% identity to the beta tubulin chain (5). This is the first report of S. sclerotiorum on stevia in the United States. Chang et al. (2) reported a stem rot of stevia in Canada and confirmed S. sclerotiorum as the causal organism. References: (1) K. Chang et al. Plant Dis. 81:311, 1997. (2) J. Freeman et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 108:877, 2002. (3) N. L. Glass and G. C. Donaldson. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:1323, 1995. (4) J. E. M. Mordue and P. Holliday. CMI No. 513, 1976. (5) Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sequencing Project, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT. Online: http://www.broadinstitute.org/ , accessed July 16, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Koehler
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh
| | - H Shew
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh
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Demir U, Koehler A, Kickstein E, Aranda-Orgillés B, Bu H, Schweiger M, Schaefer G, Schweiger S, Klocker H, Schneider R. 527: A hormone-dependent feedback-loop controls androgen receptor levels by limiting Midline1, a novel translation enhancer and promoter of oncogenic signaling. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Stevia (Stevia rebaundia) is an emerging crop in the United States. Once established, the crop is grown for 3 to 5 years and is typically harvested twice per growing season. Stevia leaves contain multiple glycosides that are used as a natural noncaloric sweetener that was approved by the USDA in 2008 as a sugar substitute. In commercial plantings of Stevia in North Carolina, wilting and death of plants in first- and second-year plantings were observed in 2012 and 2013. Diseased plants were observed in multiple counties in the state, with first symptoms observed in May of each year and continuing through the summer months. Prior to Stevia, these fields had been planted primarily in a corn-soybean rotation. Symptoms began as moderate to severe wilting of young shoots and chlorosis of leaves, rapidly followed by death of stems and rotting of roots. White mycelial growth was frequently observed at the base of stem tissue. Theses characteristic hyphae of Sclerotium rolfsii were often accompanied by the presence of abundant white to brown sclerotia. Isolations from infected root and stem tissue were made on potato dextrose agar amended with 50 μg/ml of streptomycin sulfate and penicillin G. Isolations from diseased tissue yielded characteristic white hyphae of S. rolfsii (1,3). Numerous sclerotia 0.5 to 2 mm in diameter developed following 4 to 7 days of mycelial growth. Sclerotia were initially white and melanized turning brown with age. To verify pathogenicity, 10-week-old Stevia seedlings were transplanted in 10-cm diameter pots containing sterile 1:1:1 sand, loam, media mix. Inoculum consisted of oat grains infested with one isolate obtained from the field plants. Oats were sterilized on three consecutive days and then inoculated with colonized agar plugs of S. rolfsii. Oats were incubated at room temperature to allow the fungus to thoroughly colonize the oats. Three infested oat grains were added to each test pot and plants were then observed over a 3-week period. Symptoms were observed within 5 days on most plants and included chlorotic leaves, bleached stems, wilting, and necrotic roots. White mycelium and abundant sclerotia were found at the base of plants. Uninoculated plants did not develop any symptoms. This is the first report of S. rolfsii on Stevia in the United States. Kamalakannan et al. (2) reported a root rot disease of Stevia in India and confirmed S. rolfsii as the causal agent. References: (1) R. Aycock. N.C. Agr. Exp. St. Tech. Bull. No. 174, 1966. (2) A. Kamalakannan et al. Plant Pathol. 56:350, 2007. (3) J. E. M. Mordue. Corticium rolfsii. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria No. 410. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 1974.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Shew
- North Carolina State University
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Brenner M, Broeg K, Frickenhaus S, Buck BH, Koehler A. Multi-biomarker approach using the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) to assess the quality of marine environments: season and habitat-related impacts. Mar Environ Res 2014; 95:13-27. [PMID: 24424118 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Using a comprehensive approach, intertidal, near- and offshore sites in the German Bight were analysed for their environmental quality by assessing the health of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). During a ten month sampling period mussels were studied with a set of biomarkers comprising lysosomal membrane stability and accumulation of lipofuscin, supplemented by biomarkers indicating nutritional status such as neutral lipids and glycogen in the cells of the digestive gland. Data were analysed in relation to sex, gonadal status, condition index and for the presence of parasites, to determine the overall health status of mussels at the respective sites. Mussels from all sites showed clear signs of stress, indicating an inferior environmental quality throughout the southern German Bight. Further, habitat characteristics such as inundation time and growing on- or off-bottom, as well as seasonal factors, can clearly influence the response of biomarkers in mussels exposed to similar levels of chemical environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brenner
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - K Broeg
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - S Frickenhaus
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany; University of Applied Sciences Bremerhaven, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - B H Buck
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany; University of Applied Sciences Bremerhaven, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - A Koehler
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany; Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Winkler BE, Koch A, Schoeppenthau H, Ludwig T, Tetzlaff K, Hartig F, Kaehler W, Koehler A, Kanstinger A, Ciscato W, Muth CM. Effects of FLIRT on bubble growth in man. Int J Sports Med 2012; 33:903-8. [PMID: 22706940 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Recompression during decompression has been suggested to possibly reduce the risk of decompression sickness (DCS). The main objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of FLIRT (First Line Intermittent Recompression Technique) on bubble detection in man. 29 divers underwent 2 simulated dives in a dry recompression chamber to a depth of 40 msw (500 kPa ambient pressure) in random order. A Buehlmann-based decompression profile served as control and was compared to an experimental profile with intermittent recompression during decompression (FLIRT). Circulating bubbles in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) were monitored by Doppler ultrasound and quantified using the Spencer scoring algorithm. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), thrombocytes, D-Dimers and serum osmolarity were analyzed before and 120 min after the dive. Both dive profiles elicited bubbles in most subjects (range Spencer 0-4). However, no statistically significant difference was found in bubble scores between the control and the experimental dive procedure. There was no significant change in either HSP70, thrombocytes, and D-Dimers. None of the divers had clinical signs or symptoms suggestive of DCS. We conclude that FLIRT did not significantly alter the number of microbubbles and thus may not be considered superior to classical decompression in regards of preventing DCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Winkler
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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Bianchini G, Prat A, Pickl M, Belousov A, Koehler A, Semiglazov V, Eiermann W, Tjulandin S, Biakhov M, Lluch A, Zambetti M, Vazquez Mazon FJ, Baselga J, Gianni L. Response to neoadjuvant trastuzumab and chemotherapy in ER+ and ER- HER2-positive breast cancers: Gene expression analysis. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Gomez Pardo P, Prat A, Bianchini G, Pickl M, Belousov A, Koehler A, Semiglazov V, Eiermann W, Tjulandin S, Biakhov M, Lluch A, Zambetti M, Vázquez-Mazón F, Gianni L, Baselga J. PAM50 intrinsic subtyping and pathologic responses to neoadjuvant trastuzumab-based chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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McArthur GA, Ribas A, Chapman PB, Flaherty KT, Kim KB, Puzanov I, Nathanson KL, Lee RJ, Koehler A, Spleiss O, Bollag G, Wu W, Trunzer K, Sosman JA. Molecular analyses from a phase I trial of vemurafenib to study mechanism of action (MOA) and resistance in repeated biopsies from BRAF mutation–positive metastatic melanoma patients (pts). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.8502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lacouture ME, Chapman PB, Ribas A, Sosman JA, McArthur GA, Flaherty KT, Kim KB, Puzanov I, Nolop KB, Joe AK, Spleiss O, Koehler A, Wu W, Robert C, Hauschild A, Schadendorf D, Troy JL, Duvic M, Trunzer K. Presence of frequent underlying RAS mutations in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and keratoacanthomas (cuSCC/KA) that develop in patients during vemurafenib therapy. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.8520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Koehler A. Ueber Blasensteinoperationen. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1140302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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McPherson M, Kirk M, Raupach J, Koehler A. Risk Factors of Sporadic Human Infection of Shiga Toxin Producing Escherichia coli O157 and Non-O157 in Australia. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Gianni L, Eiermann W, Pusztai L, Semiglazov VF, Hoegel B, Koehler A, Manikhas G, Bates M, Valagussa P, Baselga J. Biomarkers as potential predictors of pathologic complete response (pCR) in the NOAH trial of neoadjuvant trastuzumab in patients (pts) with HER2-positive locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Viarengo A, Lowe D, Bolognesi C, Fabbri E, Koehler A. The use of biomarkers in biomonitoring: a 2-tier approach assessing the level of pollutant-induced stress syndrome in sentinel organisms. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2007; 146:281-300. [PMID: 17560835 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2007.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 04/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The paper outlines a 2-tier approach for wide-scale biomonitoring programmes. To obtain a high level of standardization, we suggest the use of caged organisms (mussels or fish). An "early warning", highly sensitive, low-cost biomarker is employed in tier 1 (i.e. lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) and survival rate, a marker for highly polluted sites). Tier 2 is used only for animals sampled at sites in which LMS changes are evident and there is no mortality, with a complete battery of biomarkers assessing the levels of pollutant-induced stress syndrome. Possible approaches for integrating biomarker data in a synthetic index are discussed, along with our proposal to use a recently developed Expert System. The latter system allows a correct selection of biomarkers at different levels of biological organisation (molecular/cellular/tissue/organism) taking into account trends in pollutant-induced biomarker changes (increasing, decreasing, bell-shape). A selection of biomarkers of stress, genotoxicity and exposure usually employed in biomonitoring programmes is presented, together with a brief overview of new biomolecular approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Viarengo
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences (DiSAV), University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bellini 25/G 15100 Alessandria, Italy.
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Nestler U, Schmidinger A, Schulz C, Huegens-Penzel M, Gamerdinger UA, Koehler A, Kuchelmeister KW. Glioblastoma Simultaneously Present with Meningioma - Report of Three Cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 68:145-50. [PMID: 17665342 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-981673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most primary intracranial tumors occur as solitary lesions; multiple locations of one tumor, the occurrence of two different tumors or even collision tumors have been described only in a few patients. From a statistical point of view, in less than 100 glioblastoma cases will a meningioma be simultaneously present in the brain. We report three cases with this coincidence and display the results of CGH and chromosome analysis in two patients, in whom the tumors arose in very close spatial correlation to each other. PATIENTS We describe three case histories with simultaneous occurrence of meningioma and glioblastoma as shown by MRI on admission. After neurosurgical removal of mass lesions, specimens from two patients were cultivated in cell culture and the cells were examined for chromosomal aberrations by conventional karyotyping as well as comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). RESULTS Examinations disclosed characteristic genetic aberrations for one meningioma and two glioblastomas. In one patient it was possible to compare the data for the meningioma and the glioblastoma; in this case we did not find a common genetic aberration in tumor cells with a different histology. CONCLUSION Genetic testing of tumor cells should be performed routinely when different histological types of brain tumors are present in a close spatial relationship. We favor the hypothesis of statistical coincidence for the simultaneous occurrence of the two tumors rather than a common pathway giving rise to two tumor entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Nestler
- Department of Neurochirurgie, Justus Liebig Universität, Giessen, Germany.
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Klug G, Wolf C, Trieb T, Frick M, Koehler A, Schocke MF, Jaschke W, Pachinger O, Metzler B. Evaluation of transient apical ballooning with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and 31-phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Int J Cardiol 2007; 118:249-52. [PMID: 17049390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Apical ballooning is an increasingly reported transient cardiomyopathy with yet unknown origin. In this study 2 cases of apical ballooning are described in whom we used a combined approach of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and 31-Phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS). Electrocardiogram showed ST abnormalities and cardiac serum markers were mildly elevated, but CAG demonstrated smooth coronary arteries. Cine-CMR revealed severe apical akinesia and significantly decreased ejection fraction. Furthermore we detected reduced myocardial phosphocreatine to beta-ATP (PCr/b-ATP) ratios during the first week of acute disease. After 1 week we observed an improvement of PCr/b-ATP ratios by 68% and 34%, which was associated with an increase in left ventricular function. Our data suggest that 31P MRS might be a valuable tool in the evaluation of apical ballooning, but larger cohorts are needed to improve the understanding of metabolic changes during transient apical ballooning.
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Dang C, Koehler A, Forschner T, Sehr P, Michael K, Pawlita M, Stockfleth E, Nindl I. E6/E7 expression of human papillomavirus types in cutaneous squamous cell dysplasia and carcinoma in immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients. Br J Dermatol 2006; 155:129-36. [PMID: 16792764 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA of cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) types is frequently found in nonmelanoma skin cancer, and their E6 and E7 proteins can have transforming properties. OBJECTIVES To assess the biological activity of HPV types found in tumour tissues we examined HPV E6/E7 RNA expression and the antibody response to E6, E7 and L1 proteins. METHODS Thirty-one snap-frozen biopsies from six immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients representing seven squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), one basal cell carcinoma, four actinic keratoses (AKs), seven normal skin and 12 verrucae vulgaris (Vv) were analysed for 24 cutaneous HPV types by an L1 DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method. The presence of E6/E7 transcripts of HPV 5, 8, 9, 15 and 20 was investigated by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. HPV DNA load was determined for HPV 8, 9 and 15 in 11 biopsies. Antibody response was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using affinity-purified, bacterially expressed complete viral proteins fused to glutathione S-transferase as antigens. RESULTS HPV DNA was detected in 25 of 31 tissue samples, indicating eight single and 17 multiple HPV infections. E6/E7 transcripts of HPV 8, 9 and 15 were found in low copy numbers in one SCC and three AKs, but not in normal skin or Vv. All four patients examined showed antibodies to cutaneous HPV antigens, but the antibody response did not correlate with E6/E7 expression detected in the tumour. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional activity of the E6/E7 oncogenes in AK and SCC suggests an active role of HPV in the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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Nindl I, Koehler A, Meyer T, Forschner T, Meijer CJLM, Snijders PJF, Sterry W, Stockfleth E. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in primary squamous cell carcinoma and metastases. Br J Dermatol 2006; 154:797-9. [PMID: 16536843 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Koehler A, Oertel R, Kirch W. Simultaneous determination of bupivacaine, mepivacain, prilocaine and ropivacain in human serum by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1088:126-30. [PMID: 16130740 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS-MS) method with a rapid and simple sample preparation was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of the local anesthetics bupivacaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine and ropivacaine in human serum. An external calibration was used. The mass spectrometer was operated in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. A good quadratic response over the range of 1.0-200.0 ng/ml was demonstrated. The accuracy for bupivacaine ranged from 93.2 to 105.7%, for mepivacaine from 96.2 to 104.3%, for prilocaine from 94.6 to 105.7% and for ropivacaine from 94.3 to 104.0%, respectively. The limit of quantification was 1.0 ng/ml for all substances. This method is suitable for pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Koehler
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Broeg K, Westernhagen HV, Zander S, Körting W, Koehler A. The "bioeffect assessment index" (BAI). A concept for the quantification of effects of marine pollution by an integrated biomarker approach. Mar Pollut Bull 2005; 50:495-503. [PMID: 15907491 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The "bioeffect assessment index" (BAI) is based on the integration of several pathological endpoints measured in the liver of European flounder (Platichthys flesus (L.)) during a long term study of biological effects of pollution in the German Bight. The BAI represents a modification of the "health assessment index" since it includes solely validated biomarkers reflecting toxically induced alterations at different levels of biological organisation in order to quantify the effects of environmental pollution. The concept of the BAI is based on the observation of progressive deleterious effects from early responses to late effects. Specific "key events" were detected, representing progressive stages of functional deterioration. The biomarkers selected from a whole battery of cellular markers for the BAI calculation reflect deleterious effects of various classes of contaminants such as heavy metals, organochlorines, pesticides, PAHs, and therefore reflect general toxicity in an integrative manner. Selected biomarkers were: lysosomal perturbations (reduced membrane stability), storage disorders (lipid accumulation) as early markers for toxic effects of liver cells, and the size of macrophage aggregates and their acid phosphatase activity. The latter two markers are indicative for the modulation of non-specific immune response which represents longer time scale responses after chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Broeg
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polor and Marine Research, Ecotoxicology, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
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Einsporn S, Broeg K, Koehler A. The Elbe flood 2002--toxic effects of transported contaminants in flatfish and mussels of the Wadden Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2005; 50:423-429. [PMID: 15823304 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cellular changes in livers from flounder (Platichthys flesus L.) and digestive glands of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) were studied to analyze whether the Elbe flood catastrophe in August 2002 had any deleterious effects on animal health. Flatfish and mussels were sampled at different locations in the Elbe estuary and the Wadden Sea after the flood wave had reached the German Bight. Internationally used core biomarkers (lysosomal membrane stability, biotransformation enzymes) were applied to assess the toxic effects of putatively increased pollution levels. In comparison to earlier data from long-term studies at the same stations, we found a significant impairment in the function of cell organelles (lysosomes) involved in the detoxification and elimination of pollutants in fish liver. Concentrations of relevant contaminants (organochlorines, polychlorinated biphenyls) were analyzed in parallel with cellular biomarkers, and conspicuously raised concentrations of insecticides metabolites were detected. Cell recovery and a clear reduction in contaminant concentrations were observed in fish livers five months after the flood at all sampling sites except the Helgolander Tiefe Rinne.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Einsporn
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
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Waldeck AM, Koehler A, Hofstädter F, Strutz J. Marker-Gene in Speicheldrüsentumoren verschiedener Dignität-Unterscheidungsmöglichkeit zwischen gut und böse? Laryngorhinootologie 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-823744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical management of liver diseases is often based on the interpretation of the pathologist examining liver biopsies. Many pathologists have little formal training and experience with these tissues. The magnitude of this problem is not determined yet. The goal of this study was to determine the diagnostic discrepancies that surfaced after a second opinion by experienced hepatopathologists interpreting liver biopsy tissues. METHODS All 178 consecutive liver biopsy tissue glass slides provided to hepatology consultants in 1996 and 1997 were selected for evaluation. Specimens with neoplasms, transplant-related indications, or those specifically referred by a community-based pathologist for consultation were excluded. Diagnosis and interpretations were compared with the reports from the original institutions. Discordant interpretations were grouped in major (description or diagnosis that would change management decisions) and minor (not likely to alter management) categories. Monetary cost of the pathology studies was analyzed. RESULTS A total of 125 specimens corresponding to 124 patients met inclusion criteria. Thirty-five (28%) and 47 (37.6%) biopsies had major and minor discrepancies, respectively. Full agreement was obtained in 43 (34.4%) cases. Fifteen (42.8%) of the major interpretation errors were on patients with chronic cholestatic disorders, nine (25.7%) with hepatocellular processes, and 11 (31.4%) were related to establishing the presence or absence of cirrhosis. Reviewing the 125 liver biopsies of this study by the consultants resulted in a 46% increase in monetary cost. CONCLUSIONS Practitioners making clinical decisions based on liver biopsy interpretation need to be aware that in a significant number of cases, pathologists are not able to arrive at a correct diagnosis, and thus seeking second opinions on the patients' behalf from experienced pathologists on liver diseases would be prudent. General pathologists should become more familiar with the abnormalities involving interlobular bile ducts and the diagnostic value of certain ancillary histological stains. Clinicians should provide pathologists with sufficient clinical information in terms of laboratory evaluations and clinical findings, so that accurate diagnosis might be facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Bejarano
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33136, USA
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Schuck A, Mueller S, Koehler A, Koenemann S, Ruebe C, Wassmann H, Willich N. Radiochemotherapy with paclitaxel in malignant glioma: results of a phase II study. Eur J Cancer 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(01)81762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Christian S, Ahorn H, Koehler A, Eisenhaber F, Rodi HP, Garin-Chesa P, Park JE, Rettig WJ, Lenter MC. Molecular cloning and characterization of endosialin, a C-type lectin-like cell surface receptor of tumor endothelium. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:7408-14. [PMID: 11084048 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m009604200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosialin, the antigen identified with monoclonal antibody FB5, is a highly restricted 165-kDa cell surface glycoprotein expressed by tumor blood vessel endothelium in a broad range of human cancers but not detected in blood vessels or other cell types in many normal tissues. Functional analysis of endosialin has been hampered by a lack of information about its molecular structure. In this study, we describe the purification and partial amino acid sequencing of endosialin, leading to the cloning of a full-length cDNA with an open reading frame of 2274 base pairs. The endosialin cDNA encodes a type I membrane protein of 757 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 80.9 kDa. The sequence matches with an expressed sequence tag of unknown function in public data bases, named TEM1, which was independently linked to tumor endothelium by serial analysis of gene expression profiling. Bioinformatic evaluation classifies endosialin as a C-type lectin-like protein, composed of a signal leader peptide, five globular extracellular domains (including a C-type lectin domain, one domain with similarity to the Sushi/ccp/scr pattern, and three EGF repeats), followed by a mucin-like region, a transmembrane segment, and a short cytoplasmic tail. Carbohydrate analysis shows that the endosialin core protein carries abundantly sialylated, O-linked oligosaccharides and is sensitive to O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase, placing it in the group of sialomucin-like molecules. The N-terminal 360 amino acids of endosialin show homology to thrombomodulin, a receptor involved in regulating blood coagulation, and to complement receptor C1qRp. This structural kinship may indicate a function for endosialin as a tumor endothelial receptor for as yet unknown ligands, a notion now amenable to molecular investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Christian
- Department of Oncology Research and the Genomics Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The reuse of disposable laparoscopic instruments carries a risk of transmitting infectious diseases such as hepatitis and HIV. We evaluated the safety of reusing disposable trocars by studying the chances of their harboring infectious viruses after resterilization in an in vitro setting. METHODS Disposable laparoscopic trocars were exposed to horse blood contaminated with high or low viral concentrations of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) and attenuated polio virus type 1 at room temperature for 2 h. HSV1 was chosen as the surrogate for lipid viruses that include hepatitis B and HIV virus; polio virus represented the nonlipid viruses that cause infections in immunocompromised patients and are more resistant to sterilization. The trocars were subsequently cleaned and resterilized by low-temperature steam and formaldehyde at 80 degrees C for 3 h. Viral cultures were then repeated after sterilization. RESULTS A cytopathic effect (CPE) was demonstrated at both concentrations for HSV1 in all trocars before but not after sterilization. For the polio virus, CPE was evident in 50% of the trocars (two of four) exposed to high viral concentration after sterilization. CONCLUSION Disposable trocars are difficult to resterilize and may harbor infectious viruses after their initial use. Therefore, the reuse of disposable trocars in laparoscopic surgery cannot be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Chan
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is associated with an increased incidence of bile duct injuries when compared with the open surgical technique. Long-term results of repaired injuries and hepatic damage associated with chronic biliary obstruction are lacking. METHODS From Aug 1, 1991 until Dec 1, 1999, there were 27 patients referred for management of complex biliary injuries that occurred during LC. Patients underwent percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and placement of transhepatic catheters with computed tomography-guided biloma drainage when indicated. On the basis of the cholangiography findings, patients underwent Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) and liver biopsy or were treated with nonsurgical interventions. RESULTS Twenty-one of 27 patients (77. 8%) underwent HJ, and 16 of these 21 patients (76.2%) also underwent hepatic biopsy. In 1 patient, a recurrent stricture developed at 20 months after the initial repair; and, in a second patient, an episode of cholangitis developed in the postoperative period with the transhepatic catheters in place. Five of 16 patients (31.2%) demonstrated marked hepatic fibrosis with 4 (25%) of these patients showing evidence of evolving cirrhosis at the time of HJ. CONCLUSIONS In this series with 55 months of follow-up, HJ repair of LC injuries was associated with an initial 95.2% success rate and an ultimate success rate of 100%. Despite this, delayed referral, averaging 12 months, was associated with significant hepatic injury in 5 of 16 (31.3%) patients who underwent biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Johnson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Van Noorden CJ, Jonges TG, Meade-Tollin LC, Smith RE, Koehler A. In vivo inhibition of cysteine proteinases delays the onset of growth of human pancreatic cancer explants. Br J Cancer 2000; 82:931-6. [PMID: 10732768 PMCID: PMC2374406 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.1999.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An animal model was used to study the effects of oral treatment with a small molecular selective inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, Z-Phe-Arg-fluoromethylketone (Z-Phe-Arg-FMK) on primary tumour development. Poorly differentiated rapidly growing and moderately differentiated slowly growing human pancreatic tumours were implanted in the neck of nude mice that were orally treated or not with the inhibitor. Growth rates of the tumours were determined during 38 days after implantation. The poorly differentiated tumours were not affected by treatment with the inhibitor. Development of the moderately differentiated tumours was inhibited significantly by Z-Phe-Arg-FMK treatment. Moreover, the amount of stroma was increased and the volume of cancer cells was reduced in the moderately differentiated tumours that had grown in the treated animals. Reduction in size of the tumours was not achieved by reduction in growth rate but in a delay of the onset of growth. It is concluded that cysteine proteinases play a transient role at the start of tumour development only when cancer cells are surrounded by stroma as was the case in the moderately differentiated but not in the poorly differentiated pancreatic tumours. However, this role of cysteine proteinases can easily be taken over by other proteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Van Noorden
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Galanski M, Hoogestraat-Lufft L, Högemann D, Baus S, Schmidt A, Koehler A, Arlart IP, Landwehr P, Huppert P, Hecker H, Chavan A. [Performance of different CT angiography imaging modalities in detecting renal artery stenoses]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 1999; 171:200-6. [PMID: 10520329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Purpose of the study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of various display modalities in the detection of renal artery stenosis. In particular, the difference between hard-copy reading and interactive analysis at the workstation was assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Selected patients (n = 31) with expected suboptimal conditions for CT angiography due to long-standing hypertension and compromised renal function were included. Six radiologists evaluated independently a total of 77 renal arteries with 49 renal artery stenoses proven by angiography. Image analysis included: mode A: interactive display, analysis of multiplanar reformats and axial sections at the workstation, mode B: visualization of MIPs in the coronal and axial planes as hard copies only, mode C: visualization of MIPs and axial sections as hard copies only. RESULTS The following sensitivities and specificities were found for internal readers and (readers from outside institutions): mode A: 94.8%, 87.9%, mode B: 97.7% (95.1%), 80.3% (75.4%); mode C: 97.0% (95.3%), 78.8% (76.6%). The differences were statistically not significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Standardized hard copies of MIPs plus axial CT provide sufficient accuracy to detect renal artery stenosis compared to interactive imaging even in this highly selected group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Galanski
- Abt. Diagnostische Radiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver failure is a rare but devastating result of drug toxicity. OBJECTIVE To describe three cases of subfulminant liver failure that were probably caused by nefazodone, a new antidepressant that is a synthetically derived phenylpiperazine. DESIGN Case series. SETTING Two university medical centers and a children's hospital. PATIENTS Three women 16 to 57 years of age. INTERVENTION Two patients underwent liver transplantation; the third was listed for transplantation but subsequently improved. MEASUREMENT Liver biopsy. RESULTS Nefazodone was administered for 14 to 28 weeks before the onset of symptoms. The duration of jaundice before onset of encephalopathy ranged from 4 to 6 weeks. All cases of liver failure had similar histologic appearance, with prominent necrosis in the centrolobular areas (zone 3). One patient had successful liver transplantation, one underwent transplantation but died, and one improved without transplantation. The temporal onset of disease after the start of nefazodone therapy suggested severe hepatocellular injury caused by the drug. CONCLUSIONS Because nefazodone seems to cause severe hepatocellular injury in an idiosyncratic manner, routine liver chemistries should be performed before starting nefazodone therapy and patients should be monitored regularly. Therapy should be discontinued if liver enzyme concentrations become abnormal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aranda-Michel
- University of Cincinnati and Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio 45267, USA
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Mahajan A, Thornton A, Cascio E, Koehler A, Harsh G, Chapman P, Munzenrider J. 1018 Long-term results of proton radiosurgery and fractionated proton irradiation for vestibular schwannomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(97)80736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Abstract
Paecilomyces varioti infection is a rare cause of peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). We report two patients who developed P varioti peritonitis complicating CAPD. The clinical features and microbiological data of seven other previously reported cases are reviewed. Approximately half of the patients had received multiple antibiotics before the onset of the peritonitis because of either bacterial peritonitis or exit site infection. There was no particular pattern of peritoneal dialysate cell count, which was characteristic in this fungal peritonitis. Although all patients survived, morbidity was high. All patients required antifungal chemotherapy and removal of peritoneal catheter for eradication of the organism. Amphotericin B was effective in most cases. Patients of all previously reported cases did not go back to peritoneal dialysis after removal of peritoneal catheters. A combination of oral flucytosine and itraconazole was successful in treating our two patients. Although we managed to resume CAPD in our two patients with good functional outcome, abscesses and adhesions were major problems rendering most patients from other series failing to return to CAPD after recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Chan
- Department of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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41
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Abstract
Cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies have implicated many chromosomal aberrations in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. Deletions on 3p and 9p are presently the primary target for positional cloning of putative tumor suppressor genes. We have recently reported frequent loss of heterozygosity in three separate regions (HRAS, D11S12, D11S16) on 11p in freshly resected lung cancer specimens. Here we report cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses of 26 permanently growing human lung cancer cell lines. Deletions indicating regions which may harbor potential tumor suppressor genes were found in 5/9 cell lines on 2p, 5/9 on 2q, 6/9 on 3p, 7/9 on 3q, 5/9 on 6q, 3/9 on 9p, 5/9 on 11p, and 6/9 on 13q. Reduction to hemizygosity or a statistically significant increase in the frequency of homozygosity on 11p was found for all markers investigated except for ST5 (D11S832E). Eight of twenty-six (31%) cell lines were hemizygous for D11S12 and 9/26 (35%) for D11S16. Seventeen of eighteen (94%) cell lines were homozygous for PTH (expected homozygosity, 53%), 15/15 (100%) for WT1 (expected homozygosity, 55%), and 16/18 (89%) for CAT (expected homozygosity, 50%). These results confirm the notion that 11p harbors several putative tumor suppressor genes which may become inactivated at different stages of tumor development and progression. They also provide a basis for selecting cell lines for genetic complementation specifically targeted at the regions described.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bepler
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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42
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Abstract
We report a patient who presented with recalcitrant ulcerated papules and plaques on both legs. Histopathology revealed protothecosis, and subsequent culture of the lesions grew Prototheca wickerhamii. Gradual resolution of the ulcers occurred on treatment with itraconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Tang
- Department of Health, Hong Kong Government, Hong Kong
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43
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Koehler A, Reimer P. [The possibilities of diagnosing the act of swallowing in contrast medium aspiration]. Aktuelle Radiol 1993; 3:356-9. [PMID: 8241299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
19 patients with contrast agent aspiration were examined prospectively utilizing a combined approach of an orally administered low-osmolal and non-ionic contrast agent and a digital X-ray system with a dynamic technique (8 images/s). This combined technique enabled a sufficient assessment of the aspiration mechanisms in all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Koehler
- Abt. Diagnostische Radiologie I, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
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44
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Suit HD, Goitein M, Munzenrider J, Verhey L, Urie M, Gragoudas E, Koehler A, Gottschalk B, Sisterson J, Tatsuzaki H. Increased efficacy of radiation therapy by use of proton beam. Strahlenther Onkol 1990; 166:40-4. [PMID: 2154047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proton beam treatment techniques provide a powerful approach to improving dose distribution (decrease treatment volume towards target volume) and hence increasing dose to target with resultant higher tumor control rates and lesser morbity. To achieve these dose distributions in patients requires use of modern imaging techniques, rigid immobilization systems, confirmation of target position vis a vis the proton beam at each treatment session, treatment planning which feature beam's eye view, displays of uncertainty, dose at each anatomic point, boli based on accurate assessment of density along each pixel, etc. Experience at MGH/MEEI/HCL has yielded a disease-free survival of 78% for patients with chordoma/chondrosarcoma of base of skull. Local control is achieved by 98% of patients treated for choroidal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Suit
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
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45
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Austin-Seymour M, Urie M, Munzenrider J, Willett C, Goitein M, Verhey L, Gentry R, McNulty P, Koehler A, Suit H. Considerations in fractionated proton radiation therapy: clinical potential and results. Radiother Oncol 1990; 17:29-35. [PMID: 2157240 DOI: 10.1016/0167-8140(90)90046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protons have a finite range in tissue and can provide a better concentration of radiation dose in the tumor than conventional X-rays in certain situations. The development of optimized treatment plans for X-rays and protons followed by a comparative evaluation is one method of selecting tumor sites best suited for proton treatment. The preliminary results of comparative treatment planning for base of skull tumors and carcinoma of the prostate are discussed. These comparisons suggest a clinical gain for proton treatment of tumors in these locations. The clinical experience with fractionated proton treatment of several tumor sites is also discussed. The results of high dose proton treatment of chordomas and low grade chondrosarcomas of the base of skull is particularly promising: an actuarial 5-year local control of 78% has been obtained in 50 patients followed for a minimum of 22 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Austin-Seymour
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114
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46
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Egan KM, Gragoudas ES, Seddon JM, Glynn RJ, Munzenreider JE, Goitein M, Verhey L, Urie M, Koehler A. The risk of enucleation after proton beam irradiation of uveal melanoma. Ophthalmology 1989; 96:1377-82; discussion 1382-3. [PMID: 2550868 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(89)32738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Enucleation after proton beam irradiation of uveal melanomas occurred in 64 (6.4%) of 994 eyes with a median follow-up time of 2.7 years. The median time between irradiation and enucleation in the 64 enucleated eyes was 13 months. The probability of retaining the eye was 95 and 90%, 2 and 5 years postirradiation, respectively. Three percent of eyes were enucleated during posttreatment year 1, and the yearly rate was 1% by the fourth year. No patient had enucleation later than 5 1/2 years posttreatment. The complication most likely to result in enucleation was neovascular glaucoma although this was frequently managed without enucleation. Other common reasons for enucleation were documented or suspected tumor growth and complete retinal detachment with associated loss of vision. The leading risk factors for enucleation were anterior tumor margin involving the ciliary body, tumor height greater than 8 mm, and proximity of the tumor to the fovea. Based on the presence or absence of these factors, 5-year eye retention rates were 99, 92, and 76% for low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups, respectively. Thus, the probability of eye retention after proton beam irradiation is high even among those at greatest risk of enucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Egan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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47
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Gragoudas ES, Seddon JM, Egan KM, Glynn RJ, Goitein M, Munzenrider J, Verhey L, Urie M, Koehler A. Metastasis from uveal melanoma after proton beam irradiation. Ophthalmology 1988; 95:992-9. [PMID: 2845324 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(88)33091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of metastasis and prognostic factors for metastasis in 780 consecutive patients with uveal melanomas treated with proton beam irradiation were evaluated. Metastasis developed in 64 patients (8%). The median time from treatment to the diagnosis of metastasis was 2.1 years (range, 3 months to 7.3 years). The liver was primarily involved in 58 (90%) patients. The 5-year cumulative probability of metastasis developing was 20%. Prognostic factors for metastasis developing were quite comparable to those found for patients treated by enucleation and included largest tumor diameter, involvement of the ciliary body, older age, and extrascleral extension. Surgical localization, tumor height, and elevated liver enzymes before treatment were not important factors in the development of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Gragoudas
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston 02114
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48
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Bepler G, Koehler A, Kiefer P, Havemann K, Beisenherz K, Jaques G, Gropp C, Haeder M. Characterization of the state of differentiation of six newly established human non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines. Differentiation 1988; 37:158-71. [PMID: 2840315 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1988.tb00806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Six new non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines were established directly from human tissue or indirectly via nude mouse xenografts in serum-supplemented media with success rates of 8% and 13%, respectively. They comprised one adenocarcinoma (ADLC-5M2), two squamous cell carcinomas (EPLC-32M1, EPLC-65H), two large cell carcinomas (LCLC-97TM1, LCLC-103H), and one malignant biphasic mesothelioma (MSTO-211H). All cell lines grew adherent to culture vessels with population doubling times (PDT) of 16-40 h, formed colonies in soft agarose with efficiencies of 0.1%-5.1%, and all grew in athymic nude mice. Xenograft histologies appeared as follows: (a) undifferentiated carcinomas with feeble resemblance to the original tumors in the case of adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas; (b) large cell carcinoma with high resemblance to the original tumor; (c) an undifferentiated tumor with predominance of large epithelial cells and few fibrous cells in the case of mesothelioma. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was found by radioimmunoassay and high-affinity binding sites for epidermal growth factor (EGF) by radio-receptor assay in 4/4 cell lines. A very low activity of L-DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) was detectable only in the adenocarcinoma cell line. All cell lines overexpressed the c-myc protooncogene, and no gene rearrangement or amplification was observed. Chromosome analysis revealed modal chromosome numbers of 70-73 in ADLC-5M2, EPLC-32M1, EPLC-65H, and MSTO-211H. Cell lines derived from large cell carcinoma had modal values of 65 and 170 and a wider chromosome distribution than all other cell lines. A NSCLC specific chromosomal aberration has been undetectable until now. These cell lines may aid in elucidating the biology of NSCLC and its interrelationship to other lung tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bepler
- Philipps University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Marburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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49
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Bepler G, Jaques G, Koehler A, Gropp C, Havemann K. Markers and characteristics of human SCLC cell lines. Neuroendocrine markers, classical tumor markers, and chromosomal characteristics of permanent human small cell lung cancer cell lines. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1987; 113:253-9. [PMID: 2438285 DOI: 10.1007/bf00396382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Permanent human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines established in our laboratory were investigated for their expression of the enzymatic neuroendocrine markers L-DOPA decarboxylase (DDC), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and creatine kinase (CK), including its BB isoenzyme (CK-BB), the classical tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), the alpha and beta subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin (alpha-HCG, beta-HCG), and alpha-fetoprotein (alpha-FP), and their chromosomal characteristics. DDC activities were detectable in 5/6 SCLC cell lines and absent in non-SCLC. NSE levels ranged from 160 to 1422 ng/mg soluble protein and were less than 290 ng/mg soluble protein in non-SCLC. Activities of CK and levels of CK-BB clearly distinguished SCLC from non-SCLC with CK activities greater than 1000 munits/mg soluble protein and CK-BB levels greater than 3000 ng/mg soluble protein in SCLC and less than 300 munits/mg soluble protein and less than 2000 ng/mg soluble protein in non-SCLC. CEA was detectable in 5/6 SCLC cell lines but absent in non-SCLC, and its level seemed to correlate with those of DDC, NSE, and CK. One cell line, SCLC-16H, lost some of its neuroendocrine properties and CEA after 1 year of in vitro cultivation. Generally, marker levels were low in fast growing cell lines and high in slow growing cell lines. HCG alpha and beta subunit and alpha-FP were not detectable in SCLC cell lines. All SCLC cell lines examined had near diploid DNA indices and modal chromosome numbers. Double minute chromosomes and homogeneously staining regions were found in 2/5 and 4/5 SCLC cell lines respectively. With respect to chromosomal aberrations, we found a deletion of the short arm of at least one chromosome 3 in all SCLC cell lines (5/5). These data show that SCLC expresses neuroendocrine markers and CEA; CK is the most sensitive marker, and DDC and CEA are the most specific markers for SCLC in vitro; individual marker levels correlate with each other and the in vitro malignancy of SCLC; and SCLC cell lines have relatively uniform chromosomal characteristics. Our results suggest that patients whose tumors have high levels of DDC, NSE, CK-BB, and CEA have a better prognosis than those with low marker levels. This hypothesis could be proved by comparing pairs of patients that are matched for all known prognostic parameters, in particular tumor spread, for their serum and tumor marker levels with respect to the patients' outcome and prognosis.
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50
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Bepler G, Jaques G, Havemann K, Koehler A, Johnson BE, Gazdar AF. Characterization of two cell lines with distinct phenotypes established from a patient with small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 1987; 47:1883-91. [PMID: 3028617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines were established from pericardial and pleural effusions of a patient with histopathologically proven SCLC of the oat cell type. Chemotherapy was administered without response during the 148-day period prior to the establishment of the first cell line, SCLC-22H, and some of the same drugs were administered in the 15 days prior to the establishment of the second cell line, SCLC-21H. Both cell lines differed markedly in their biochemical, kinetic, and morphological properties. Although the biomarkers L-Dopa decarboxylase, bombesin, carcinoembryonic antigen, and neurotensin were detectable in SCLC-22H, they were undetectable or low in SCLC-21H. The population doubling time was twice as fast and the colony forming efficiency higher in SCLC-21H than in SCLC-22H. They both expressed high concentrations of the SCLC marker enzymes neuron-specific enolase and the creatine kinase isoenzyme BB and showed no significant differences in their chromosomal characteristics. c-myc was amplified and expressed in both cell lines, and SCLC-21H had an additional rearranged and amplified EcoRI c-myc fragment. Morphological differences were apparent in liquid culture, cytology, and xenograft histology; SCLC-21H grew much more loosely than SCLC-22H, and had more prominent nucleoli and more abundant cytoplasm. Ultrastructurally dense core granules were present in both cell lines. SCLC-21H thus expressed properties of the variant cell type of SCLC, whereas SCLC-22H had mixed classic/variant features. An in vivo progression of the patient's tumor from a pure small cell to a mixed small cell/large cell morphology could be demonstrated, which suggests that cell line SCLC-22H represents a cell type characteristic for the transitional phase of the tumor. The features of this cell line therefore define a new subclass of SCLC called transitional cell type. SCLC-22H may be of use to study the mechanisms involved in the classic to variant transition, which probably has a considerable impact on the prognosis and response to therapy.
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