151
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Morein D, Rubinstein-Achiasaf L, Brayer H, Dorot O, Pichinuk E, Ben-Yaakov H, Meshel T, Pasmanik-Chor M, Ben-Baruch A. Continuous Inflammatory Stimulation Leads via Metabolic Plasticity to a Prometastatic Phenotype in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061356. [PMID: 34072893 PMCID: PMC8229065 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation promotes cancer progression by affecting the tumor cells and their microenvironment. Here, we demonstrate that a continuous stimulation (~6 weeks) of triple-negative breast tumor cells (TNBC) by the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) + interleukin 1β (IL-1β) changed the expression of hundreds of genes, skewing the cells towards a proinflammatory phenotype. While not affecting stemness, the continuous TNFα + IL-1β stimulation has increased tumor cell dispersion and has induced a hybrid metabolic phenotype in TNBC cells; this phenotype was indicated by a transcription-independent elevation in glycolytic activity and by increased mitochondrial respiratory potential (OXPHOS) of TNBC cells, accompanied by elevated transcription of mitochondria-encoded OXPHOS genes and of active mitochondria area. The continuous TNFα + IL-1β stimulation has promoted in a glycolysis-dependent manner the activation of p65 (NF-κB), and the transcription and protein expression of the prometastatic and proinflammatory mediators sICAM-1, CCL2, CXCL8 and CXCL1. Moreover, when TNBC cells were stimulated continuously by TNFα + IL-1β in the presence of a glycolysis inhibitor, their conditioned media had reduced ability to recruit monocytes and neutrophils in vivo. Such inflammation-induced metabolic plasticity, which promotes prometastatic cascades in TNBC, may have important clinical implications in treatment of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Morein
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (D.M.); (L.R.-A.); (H.B.); (H.B.-Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Linor Rubinstein-Achiasaf
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (D.M.); (L.R.-A.); (H.B.); (H.B.-Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Hadar Brayer
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (D.M.); (L.R.-A.); (H.B.); (H.B.-Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Orly Dorot
- Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (O.D.); (E.P.)
| | - Edward Pichinuk
- Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (O.D.); (E.P.)
| | - Hagar Ben-Yaakov
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (D.M.); (L.R.-A.); (H.B.); (H.B.-Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (D.M.); (L.R.-A.); (H.B.); (H.B.-Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Metsada Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Adit Ben-Baruch
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (D.M.); (L.R.-A.); (H.B.); (H.B.-Y.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-6405491; Fax: +972-3-6422046
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152
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Anwar S, Shamsi A, Mohammad T, Islam A, Hassan MI. Targeting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase signaling in the development of effective cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188568. [PMID: 34023419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate is irreversibly decarboxylated to acetyl coenzyme A by mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Decarboxylation of pyruvate is considered a crucial step in cell metabolism and energetics. The cancer cells prefer aerobic glycolysis rather than mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate. This attribute of cancer cells allows them to sustain under indefinite proliferation and growth. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) play critical roles in many diseases because they regulate PDC activity. Recent findings suggest an altered metabolism of cancer cells is associated with impaired mitochondrial function due to PDC inhibition. PDKs inhibit the PDC activity via phosphorylation of the E1a subunit and subsequently cause a glycolytic shift. Thus, inhibition of PDK is an attractive strategy in anticancer therapy. This review highlights that PDC/PDK axis could be implicated in cancer's therapeutic management by developing potential small-molecule PDK inhibitors. In recent years, a dramatic increase in the targeting of the PDC/PDK axis for cancer treatment gained an attention from the scientific community. We further discuss breakthrough findings in the PDC-PDK axis. In addition, structural features, functional significance, mechanism of activation, involvement in various human pathologies, and expression of different forms of PDKs (PDK1-4) in different types of cancers are discussed in detail. We further emphasized the gene expression profiling of PDKs in cancer patients to prognosis and therapeutic manifestations. Additionally, inhibition of the PDK/PDC axis by small molecule inhibitors and natural compounds at different clinical evaluation stages has also been discussed comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Anwar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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153
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Kiesel VA, Sheeley MP, Coleman MF, Cotul EK, Donkin SS, Hursting SD, Wendt MK, Teegarden D. Pyruvate carboxylase and cancer progression. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:20. [PMID: 33931119 PMCID: PMC8088034 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate (OAA), serving to replenish the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In nonmalignant tissue, PC plays an essential role in controlling whole-body energetics through regulation of gluconeogenesis in the liver, synthesis of fatty acids in adipocytes, and insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells. In breast cancer, PC activity is linked to pulmonary metastasis, potentially by providing the ability to utilize glucose, fatty acids, and glutamine metabolism as needed under varying conditions as cells metastasize. PC enzymatic activity appears to be of particular importance in cancer cells that are unable to utilize glutamine for anaplerosis. Moreover, PC activity also plays a role in lipid metabolism and protection from oxidative stress in cancer cells. Thus, PC activity may be essential to link energy substrate utilization with cancer progression and to enable the metabolic flexibility necessary for cell resilience to changing and adverse conditions during the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violet A Kiesel
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Madeline P Sheeley
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Michael F Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Eylem Kulkoyluoglu Cotul
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Shawn S Donkin
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Michael K Wendt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Dorothy Teegarden
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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154
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Wang C, Luo D. The metabolic adaptation mechanism of metastatic organotropism. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:30. [PMID: 33926551 PMCID: PMC8082854 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a complex multistep cascade of cancer cell extravasation and invasion, in which metabolism plays an important role. Recently, a metabolic adaptation mechanism of cancer metastasis has been proposed as an emerging model of the interaction between cancer cells and the host microenvironment, revealing a deep and extensive relationship between cancer metabolism and cancer metastasis. However, research on how the host microenvironment affects cancer metabolism is mostly limited to the impact of the local tumour microenvironment at the primary site. There are few studies on how differences between the primary and secondary microenvironments promote metabolic changes during cancer progression or how secondary microenvironments affect cancer cell metastasis preference. Hence, we discuss how cancer cells adapt to and colonize in the metabolic microenvironments of different metastatic sites to establish a metastatic organotropism phenotype. The mechanism is expected to accelerate the research of cancer metabolism in the secondary microenvironment, and provides theoretical support for the generation of innovative therapeutic targets for clinical metastatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Daya Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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155
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Zhang KL, Zhu WW, Wang SH, Gao C, Pan JJ, Du ZG, Lu L, Jia HL, Dong QZ, Chen JH, Lu M, Qin LX. Organ-specific cholesterol metabolic aberration fuels liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:6560-6572. [PMID: 33995676 PMCID: PMC8120208 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Metastasis, the development of secondary malignant growth at a distance from a primary tumor, is the main cause of cancer-associated death. However, little is known about how metastatic cancer cells adapt to and colonize in the new organ environment. Here we sought to investigate the functional mechanism of cholesterol metabolic aberration in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) liver metastasis. Methods: The expression of cholesterol metabolism-related genes in primary colorectal tumors (PT) and paired liver metastases (LM) were examined by RT-PCR. The role of SREBP2-dependent cholesterol biosynthesis pathway in cell growth and CRC liver metastasis were determined by SREBP2 silencing in CRC cell lines and experimental metastasis models including, intra-splenic injection models and liver orthotropic injection model. Growth factors treatment and co-culture experiment were performed to reveal the mechanism underlying the up-regulation of SREBP2 in CRC liver metastases. The in vivo efficacy of inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis pathway by betulin or simvastatin were evaluated in experimental metastasis models. Results: In the present study, we identify a colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis-specific cholesterol metabolic pathway involving the activation of SREBP2-dependent cholesterol biosynthesis, which is required for the colonization and growth of metastatic CRC cells in the liver. Inhibiting this cholesterol biosynthesis pathway suppresses CRC liver metastasis. Mechanically, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) from liver environment activates SREBP2-dependent cholesterol biosynthesis pathway by activating c-Met/PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis in CRC cells. Conclusion: Our findings support the notion that CRC liver metastases show a specific cholesterol metabolic aberration. Targeting this cholesterol biosynthesis pathway could be a promising treatment for CRC liver metastasis.
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156
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Jia D, Park JH, Kaur H, Jung KH, Yang S, Tripathi S, Galbraith M, Deng Y, Jolly MK, Kaipparettu BA, Onuchic JN, Levine H. Towards decoding the coupled decision-making of metabolism and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1902-1911. [PMID: 33859341 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have the plasticity to adjust their metabolic phenotypes for survival and metastasis. A developmental programme known as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role during metastasis, promoting the loss of polarity and cell-cell adhesion and the acquisition of motile, stem-cell characteristics. Cells undergoing EMT or the reverse mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) are often associated with metabolic changes, as the change in phenotype often correlates with a different balance of proliferation versus energy-intensive migration. Extensive crosstalk occurs between metabolism and EMT, but how this crosstalk leads to coordinated physiological changes is still uncertain. The elusive connection between metabolism and EMT compromises the efficacy of metabolic therapies targeting metastasis. In this review, we aim to clarify the causation between metabolism and EMT on the basis of experimental studies, and propose integrated theoretical-experimental efforts to better understand the coupled decision-making of metabolism and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongya Jia
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jun Hyoung Park
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kwang Hwa Jung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sukjin Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shubham Tripathi
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,PhD Program in Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Theoretical Biological Physics and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madeline Galbraith
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Youyuan Deng
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,Applied Physics Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Benny Abraham Kaipparettu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - José N Onuchic
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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157
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Drew J, Machesky LM. The liver metastatic niche: modelling the extracellular matrix in metastasis. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm048801. [PMID: 33973625 PMCID: PMC8077555 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissemination of malignant cells from primary tumours to metastatic sites is a key step in cancer progression. Disseminated tumour cells preferentially settle in specific target organs, and the success of such metastases depends on dynamic interactions between cancer cells and the microenvironments they encounter at secondary sites. Two emerging concepts concerning the biology of metastasis are that organ-specific microenvironments influence the fate of disseminated cancer cells, and that cancer cell-extracellular matrix interactions have important roles at all stages of the metastatic cascade. The extracellular matrix is the complex and dynamic non-cellular component of tissues that provides a physical scaffold and conveys essential adhesive and paracrine signals for a tissue's function. Here, we focus on how extracellular matrix dynamics contribute to liver metastases - a common and deadly event. We discuss how matrix components of the healthy and premetastatic liver support early seeding of disseminated cancer cells, and how the matrix derived from both cancer and liver contributes to the changes in niche composition as metastasis progresses. We also highlight the technical developments that are providing new insights into the stochastic, dynamic and multifaceted roles of the liver extracellular matrix in permitting and sustaining metastasis. An understanding of the contribution of the extracellular matrix to different stages of metastasis may well pave the way to targeted and effective therapies against metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Drew
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Laura M. Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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158
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Massagué J, Ganesh K. Metastasis-Initiating Cells and Ecosystems. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:971-994. [PMID: 33811127 PMCID: PMC8030695 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is initiated and sustained through therapy by cancer cells with stem-like and immune-evasive properties, termed metastasis-initiating cells (MIC). Recent progress suggests that MICs result from the adoption of a normal regenerative progenitor phenotype by malignant cells, a phenotype with intrinsic programs to survive the stresses of the metastatic process, undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, enter slow-cycling states for dormancy, evade immune surveillance, establish supportive interactions with organ-specific niches, and co-opt systemic factors for growth and recurrence after therapy. Mechanistic understanding of the molecular mediators of MIC phenotypes and host tissue ecosystems could yield cancer therapeutics to improve patient outcomes. SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding the origins, traits, and vulnerabilities of progenitor cancer cells with the capacity to initiate metastasis in distant organs, and the host microenvironments that support the ability of these cells to evade immune surveillance and regenerate the tumor, is critical for developing strategies to improve the prevention and treatment of advanced cancer. Leveraging recent progress in our understanding of the metastatic process, here we review the nature of MICs and their ecosystems and offer a perspective on how this knowledge is informing innovative treatments of metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York.
| | - Karuna Ganesh
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York.
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Hospital, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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159
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Tarragó-Celada J, Cascante M. Targeting the Metabolic Adaptation of Metastatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071641. [PMID: 33915900 PMCID: PMC8036928 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The search for new therapeutic opportunities to target cancer metastasis is crucial for the improvement of cancer treatment. One of the characteristics of tumoral and metastatic cells is the capacity to reorganize their metabolism, together with the ability to grow faster, migrate and form new tumours in distant sites. Therefore, the pharmaceutical inhibition of metabolic pathways represents a promising strategy to specifically target metastatic cells, especially in colorectal cancer metastasis. Abstract Metabolic adaptation is emerging as an important hallmark of cancer and metastasis. In the last decade, increasing evidence has shown the importance of metabolic alterations underlying the metastatic process, especially in breast cancer metastasis but also in colorectal cancer metastasis. Being the main cause of cancer-related deaths, it is of great importance to developing new therapeutic strategies that specifically target metastatic cells. In this regard, targeting metabolic pathways of metastatic cells is one of the more promising windows for new therapies of metastatic colorectal cancer, where still there are no approved inhibitors against metabolic targets. In this study, we review the recent advances in the field of metabolic adaptation of cancer metastasis, focusing our attention on colorectal cancer. In addition, we also review the current status of metabolic inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Tarragó-Celada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28020 Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Node at Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB-ISCIII-ES-ELIXIR), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-021-593
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160
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Architectural control of metabolic plasticity in epithelial cancer cells. Commun Biol 2021; 4:371. [PMID: 33742081 PMCID: PMC7979883 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic plasticity enables cancer cells to switch between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation to adapt to changing conditions during cancer progression, whereas metabolic dependencies limit plasticity. To understand a role for the architectural environment in these processes we examined metabolic dependencies of cancer cells cultured in flat (2D) and organotypic (3D) environments. Here we show that cancer cells in flat cultures exist in a high energy state (oxidative phosphorylation), are glycolytic, and depend on glucose and glutamine for growth. In contrast, cells in organotypic culture exhibit lower energy and glycolysis, with extensive metabolic plasticity to maintain growth during glucose or amino acid deprivation. Expression of KRASG12V in organotypic cells drives glucose dependence, however cells retain metabolic plasticity to glutamine deprivation. Finally, our data reveal that mechanical properties control metabolic plasticity, which correlates with canonical Wnt signaling. In summary, our work highlights that the architectural and mechanical properties influence cells to permit or restrict metabolic plasticity.
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161
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Hypoxia-Driven Effects in Cancer: Characterization, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030678. [PMID: 33808542 PMCID: PMC8003323 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a common feature of solid tumors, greatly hinders the efficacy of conventional cancer treatments such as chemo-, radio-, and immunotherapy. The depletion of oxygen in proliferating and advanced tumors causes an array of genetic, transcriptional, and metabolic adaptations that promote survival, metastasis, and a clinically malignant phenotype. At the nexus of these interconnected pathways are hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) which orchestrate transcriptional responses under hypoxia. The following review summarizes current literature regarding effects of hypoxia on DNA repair, metastasis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the cancer stem cell phenotype, and therapy resistance. We also discuss mechanisms and pathways, such as HIF signaling, mitochondrial dynamics, exosomes, and the unfolded protein response, that contribute to hypoxia-induced phenotypic changes. Finally, novel therapeutics that target the hypoxic tumor microenvironment or interfere with hypoxia-induced pathways are reviewed.
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162
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Shifting the Gears of Metabolic Plasticity to Drive Cell State Transitions in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061316. [PMID: 33804114 PMCID: PMC7999312 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metabolic adaptation by cancer cells is enabled through the rewiring of metabolic processes, thereby allowing them to survive and thrive in diverse tissue microenvironments. It is also exploited to maintain cancer stemness, drive epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and gain therapy resistance. These critical cellular events are pertinent to the various steps of cancer progression. Mechanistic insights into nutrient addiction arising from such metabolic rewiring have revealed therapeutic vulnerabilities that can be exploited as novel treatment modalities or for drug development. This review discusses concepts and principles of metabolic plasticity and highlights current preclinical and clinical strategies aimed at targeting these metabolic derangements. Abstract Cancer metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. Metabolic plasticity defines the ability of cancer cells to reprogram a plethora of metabolic pathways to meet unique energetic needs during the various steps of disease progression. Cell state transitions are phenotypic adaptations which confer distinct advantages that help cancer cells overcome progression hurdles, that include tumor initiation, expansive growth, resistance to therapy, metastasis, colonization, and relapse. It is increasingly appreciated that cancer cells need to appropriately reprogram their cellular metabolism in a timely manner to support the changes associated with new phenotypic cell states. We discuss metabolic alterations that may be adopted by cancer cells in relation to the maintenance of cancer stemness, activation of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition program for facilitating metastasis, and the acquisition of drug resistance. While such metabolic plasticity is harnessed by cancer cells for survival, their dependence and addiction towards certain metabolic pathways also present therapeutic opportunities that may be exploited.
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163
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Matthijssens F, Sharma ND, Nysus M, Nickl CK, Kang H, Perez DR, Lintermans B, Van Loocke W, Roels J, Peirs S, Demoen L, Pieters T, Reunes L, Lammens T, De Moerloose B, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Deforce DL, Cheung LC, Kotecha RS, Risseeuw MD, Van Calenbergh S, Takarada T, Yoneda Y, van Delft FW, Lock RB, Merkley SD, Chigaev A, Sklar LA, Mullighan CG, Loh ML, Winter SS, Hunger SP, Goossens S, Castillo EF, Ornatowski W, Van Vlierberghe P, Matlawska-Wasowska K. RUNX2 regulates leukemic cell metabolism and chemotaxis in high-risk T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:141566. [PMID: 33555272 DOI: 10.1172/jci141566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy with inferior outcome compared with that of B cell ALL. Here, we show that Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) was upregulated in high-risk T-ALL with KMT2A rearrangements (KMT2A-R) or an immature immunophenotype. In KMT2A-R cells, we identified RUNX2 as a direct target of the KMT2A chimeras, where it reciprocally bound the KMT2A promoter, establishing a regulatory feed-forward mechanism. Notably, RUNX2 was required for survival of immature and KMT2A-R T-ALL cells in vitro and in vivo. We report direct transcriptional regulation of CXCR4 signaling by RUNX2, thereby promoting chemotaxis, adhesion, and homing to medullary and extramedullary sites. RUNX2 enabled these energy-demanding processes by increasing metabolic activity in T-ALL cells through positive regulation of both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Concurrently, RUNX2 upregulation increased mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis in T-ALL cells. Finally, as a proof of concept, we demonstrate that immature and KMT2A-R T-ALL cells were vulnerable to pharmacological targeting of the interaction between RUNX2 and its cofactor CBFβ. In conclusion, we show that RUNX2 acts as a dependency factor in high-risk subtypes of human T-ALL through concomitant regulation of tumor metabolism and leukemic cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Matthijssens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nitesh D Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Monique Nysus
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Christian K Nickl
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Huining Kang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Dominique R Perez
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Beatrice Lintermans
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Van Loocke
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juliette Roels
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Peirs
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisa Demoen
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Pieters
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lindy Reunes
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Lammens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara De Moerloose
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Dieter L Deforce
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurence C Cheung
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rishi S Kotecha
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Martijn Dp Risseeuw
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Takeshi Takarada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yukio Yoneda
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Frederik W van Delft
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, Lowy Cancer Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Seth D Merkley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Alexandre Chigaev
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Larry A Sklar
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Charles G Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mignon L Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stuart S Winter
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Program, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven Goossens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eliseo F Castillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ksenia Matlawska-Wasowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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164
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Wu Y, Zanotelli MR, Zhang J, Reinhart-King CA. Matrix-driven changes in metabolism support cytoskeletal activity to promote cell migration. Biophys J 2021; 120:1705-1717. [PMID: 33705759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment provides both active and passive mechanical cues that regulate cell morphology, adhesion, migration, and metabolism. Although the cellular response to those mechanical cues often requires energy-intensive actin cytoskeletal remodeling and actomyosin contractility, it remains unclear how cells dynamically adapt their metabolic activity to altered mechanical cues to support migration. Here, we investigated the changes in cellular metabolic activity in response to different two-dimensional and three-dimensional microenvironmental conditions and how these changes relate to cytoskeletal activity and migration. Utilizing collagen micropatterning on polyacrylamide gels, intracellular energy levels and oxidative phosphorylation were found to be correlated with cell elongation and spreading and necessary for membrane ruffling. To determine whether this relationship holds in more physiological three-dimensional matrices, collagen matrices were used to show that intracellular energy state was also correlated with protrusive activity and increased with matrix density. Pharmacological inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation revealed that cancer cells rely on oxidative phosphorylation to meet the elevated energy requirements for protrusive activity and migration in denser matrices. Together, these findings suggest that mechanical regulation of cytoskeletal activity during spreading and migration by the physical microenvironment is driven by an altered metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Matthew R Zanotelli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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165
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Bulk and single-cell transcriptome profiling reveal the metabolic heterogeneity in human breast cancers. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2350-2365. [PMID: 33677091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging view regarding cancer metabolism is that it is heterogeneous and context-specific, but it remains to be elucidated in breast cancers. In this study, we characterized the energy-related metabolic features of breast cancers through integrative analyses of multiple datasets with genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and single-cell transcriptome profiling. Energy-related metabolic signatures were used to stratify breast tumors into two prognostic clusters: cluster 1 exhibits high glycolytic activity and decreased survival rate, and the signatures of cluster 2 are enriched in fatty acid oxidation and glutaminolysis. The intertumoral metabolic heterogeneity was reflected by the clustering among three independent large cohorts, and the complexity was further verified at the metabolite level. In addition, we found that the metabolic status of malignant cells rather than that of nonmalignant cells is the major contributor at the single-cell resolution, and its interactions with factors derived from the tumor microenvironment are unanticipated. Notably, among various immune cells and their clusters with distinguishable metabolic features, those with immunosuppressive function presented higher metabolic activities. Collectively, we uncovered the heterogeneity in energy metabolism using a classifier with prognostic and therapeutic value. Single-cell transcriptome profiling provided novel metabolic insights that could ultimately tailor therapeutic strategies based on patient- or cell type-specific cancer metabolism.
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166
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He J, Li CF, Lee HJ, Shin DH, Chern YJ, Pereira De Carvalho B, Chan CH. MIG-6 is essential for promoting glucose metabolic reprogramming and tumor growth in triple-negative breast cancer. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50781. [PMID: 33655623 PMCID: PMC8097377 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains challenging due to a lack of effective targeted therapies. Dysregulated glucose uptake and metabolism are essential for TNBC growth. Identifying the molecular drivers and mechanisms underlying the metabolic vulnerability of TNBC is key to exploiting dysregulated cancer metabolism for therapeutic applications. Mitogen‐inducible gene‐6 (MIG‐6) has long been thought of as a feedback inhibitor that targets activated EGFR and suppresses the growth of tumors driven by constitutive activated mutant EGFR. Here, our bioinformatics and histological analyses uncover that MIG‐6 is upregulated in TNBC and that MIG‐6 upregulation is positively correlated with poorer clinical outcomes in TNBC. Metabolic arrays and functional assays reveal that MIG‐6 drives glucose metabolism reprogramming toward glycolysis. Mechanistically, MIG‐6 recruits HAUSP deubiquitinase for stabilizing HIF1α protein expression and the subsequent upregulation of GLUT1 and other HIF1α‐regulated glycolytic genes, substantiating the comprehensive regulation of MIG‐6 in glucose metabolism. Moreover, our mouse studies demonstrate that MIG‐6 regulates GLUT1 expression in tumors and subsequent tumor growth in vivo. Collectively, this work reveals that MIG‐6 is a novel prognosis biomarker, metabolism regulator, and molecular driver of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabei He
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Foundational Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jen Lee
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Dong-Hui Shin
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yi-Jye Chern
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Chia-Hsin Chan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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167
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Padder RA, Bhat ZI, Ahmad Z, Singh N, Husain M. DRP1 Promotes BRAF V600E-Driven Tumor Progression and Metabolic Reprogramming in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:592130. [PMID: 33738242 PMCID: PMC7961078 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.592130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles which remain in a continuous state of fission/ fusion dynamics to meet the metabolic needs of a cell. However, this fission/fusion dynamism has been reported to be dysregulated in most cancers. Such enhanced mitochondrial fission is demonstrated to be positively regulated by some activating oncogenic mutations; such as those of KRAS (Kristen rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue) or BRAF (B- rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma), thereby increasing tumor progression/ chemotherapeutic resistance and metabolic deregulation. However, the underlying mechanism(s) are still not clear, thus highlighting the need to further explore possible mechanism(s) of intervention. We sought to investigate how BRAFV600E driven CRC (colorectal cancer) progression is linked to mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamics and whether this window could be exploited to target CRC progression. Methods Western blotting was employed to study the differences in expression levels of key proteins regulating mitochondrial dynamics, which was further confirmed by confocal microscopy imaging of mitochondria in endogenously expressing BRAFWT and BRAFV600E CRC cells. Proliferation assays, soft agar clonogenic assays, glucose uptake/lactate production, ATP/ NADPH measurement assays were employed to study the extent of carcinogenesis and metabolic reprograming in BRAFV600E CRC cells. Genetic knockdown (shRNA/ siRNA) and/or pharmacologic inhibition of Dynamin related protein1/Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase1 (DRP1/PDK1) and/or BRAFV600E were employed to study the involvement and possible mechanism of these proteins in BRAFV600E driven CRC. Statistical analyses were carried out using Graph Pad Prism v 5.0, data was analyzed by unpaired t-test and two-way ANOVA with appropriate post hoc tests. Results Our results demonstrate that BRAFV600E CRC cells have higher protein levels of mitochondrial fission factor- DRP1/pDRP1S616 leading to a more fragmented mitochondrial state compared to those harboring BRAFWT . This fragmented mitochondrial state was found to confer glycolytic phenotype, clonogenic potential and metastatic advantage to cells harboring BRAFV600E . Interestingly, such fragmented mitochondrial state seemed positively regulated by mitochondrial PDK1 as observed through pharmacologic as well as genetic inhibition of PDK1. Conclusion In conclusion, our data suggest that BRAFV600E driven colorectal cancers have fragmented mitochondria which confers glycolytic phenotype and growth advantage to these tumors, and such phenotype is dependent at least in part on PDK1- thus highlighting a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayees Ahmad Padder
- 409-Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Zafar Iqbal Bhat
- Department of Zoology, PMB Gujrati Science College, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, India
| | - Zaki Ahmad
- 409-Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Husain
- 409-Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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168
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Abstract
Metastasis formation is the major cause of death in most patients with cancer. Despite extensive research, targeting metastatic seeding and colonization is still an unresolved challenge. Only recently, attention has been drawn to the fact that metastasizing cancer cells selectively and dynamically adapt their metabolism at every step during the metastatic cascade. Moreover, many metastases display different metabolic traits compared with the tumours from which they originate, enabling survival and growth in the new environment. Consequently, the stage-dependent metabolic traits may provide therapeutic windows for preventing or reducing metastasis, and targeting the new metabolic traits arising in established metastases may allow their eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bergers
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium.
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169
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Venturoli C, Piga I, Curtarello M, Verza M, Esposito G, Venuto S, Navaglia F, Grassi A, Indraccolo S. Genetic Perturbation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 1 Modulates Growth, Angiogenesis and Metabolic Pathways in Ovarian Cancer Xenografts. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020325. [PMID: 33562444 PMCID: PMC7915933 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) blockade triggers are well characterized in vitro metabolic alterations in cancer cells, including reduced glycolysis and increased glucose oxidation. Here, by gene expression profiling and digital pathology-mediated quantification of in situ markers in tumors, we investigated effects of PDK1 silencing on growth, angiogenesis and metabolic features of tumor xenografts formed by highly glycolytic OC316 and OVCAR3 ovarian cancer cells. Notably, at variance with the moderate antiproliferative effects observed in vitro, we found a dramatic negative impact of PDK1 silencing on tumor growth. These findings were associated with reduced angiogenesis and increased necrosis in the OC316 and OVCAR3 tumor models, respectively. Analysis of viable tumor areas uncovered increased proliferation as well as increased apoptosis in PDK1-silenced OVCAR3 tumors. Moreover, RNA profiling disclosed increased glucose catabolic pathways-comprising both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis-in PDK1-silenced OVCAR3 tumors, in line with the high mitotic activity detected in the viable rim of these tumors. Altogether, our findings add new evidence in support of a link between tumor metabolism and angiogenesis and remark on the importance of investigating net effects of modulations of metabolic pathways in the context of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Venturoli
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.V.); (I.P.); (M.C.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Ilaria Piga
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.V.); (I.P.); (M.C.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (A.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Curtarello
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.V.); (I.P.); (M.C.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Martina Verza
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.V.); (I.P.); (M.C.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.V.); (I.P.); (M.C.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Santina Venuto
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Filippo Navaglia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Angela Grassi
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.V.); (I.P.); (M.C.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Stefano Indraccolo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.V.); (I.P.); (M.C.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (A.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0498215875
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170
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DLX6 Antisense RNA 1 Modulates Glucose Metabolism and Cell Growth in Gastric Cancer by Targeting microRNA-4290. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:460-473. [PMID: 32239379 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide. DLX6 antisense RNA 1 (DLX6-AS1) is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that exhibits oncogenic effects on multiple human carcinomas. AIMS This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of DLX6-AS1 in GC progression. METHODS The expression of DLX6-AS1 in GC tissues and cell lines was examined. The cell viability, number of clones, and apoptosis, aerobic glycolysis, and mitochondrial respiration was assessed. The effect of DLX6-AS1 on tumor growth in nude mice was also evaluated. RESULTS DLX6-AS1 was overexpressed in GC tissues and cell lines. DLX6-AS1 knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) significantly inhibited cell viability and colony formation, and induced apoptosis. DLX6-AS1 silencing impaired aerobic glycolysis but stimulated mitochondrial respiration in GC cells. miR-4290 was confirmed as a downstream target of DLX6-AS1, and their expression levels were inversely correlated. GC cells expressing sh-DLX6-AS1 showed significantly lower level of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), a target of miR-4290, compared to cells expressing control shRNA. In addition, the suppressed GC cell malignancy upon DLX6-AS1 knockdown could be prominently reversed by PDK1 overexpression. Meanwhile, PDK1 overexpression enhanced aerobic glycolysis but repressed mitochondrial respiration under sh-DLX6-AS1 treatment. Furthermore, DLX6-AS1 knockdown significantly delayed the tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model inoculated with GC cells. CONCLUSIONS LncRNA DLX6-AS1 regulated tumor growth and aerobic glycolysis in GC by targeting miR-4290 and PDK1, suggesting DLX6-AS1 might serve as a novel potential therapeutic target for GC treatment from bench to clinic.
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171
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Jiedu Sangen decoction inhibits chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil of colorectal cancer cells by suppressing glycolysis via PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α signaling pathway. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:143-152. [PMID: 33641785 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major obstacle in the development of effective colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy. Our study aimed to explore the reversal abilities of Jiedu Sangen decoction (JSD) on the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Expression changes in HIF-1 of CRC tissues were firstly revealed by bioinformatics analysis. Afterwards, cell viabilities of JSD and 5-FU treatments on 5-FU resistant human colon cancer cells (HCT-8/5-FU) were determined. Expressions of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT)/p-AKT, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α), as well as glycolysis related proteins such as L-lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), Glucose transporter type 1 (Glut1), Hexokinase 2 (HKII), and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (Caspase) family members in HCT-8/5-FU cells, HIF-1α silenced HCT-8/5-FU cells and tumor tissues were detected by western blotting. HIF-1α was found over expressed in CRC tissues according to public available datasets in Oncomine. Growth inhibition rates of HCT-8/5-FU cells were increased along with the increase of JSD concentrations. JSD caused down-regulated HIF-1α, PI3K, AKT/p-AKT, HKII and Glut1, as well as up-regulated Caspase3 and Caspase9 in HCT-8/5-FU cells and tumor tissues. In HIF-1α silenced HCT-8/5-FU cells, synergistic group showed significantly reduced expression levels of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT. Additionally, up-regulated expressions of Caspase6 and Caspase7 were observed. JSD combined with 5-FU also exhibited obvious inhibitory efficiency on tumor growth in vivo. JSD may reverse 5-FU resistance by suppressing glycolysis via PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting glycolysis and induce apoptosis to enhance anti-tumor activity.
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172
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Wang H, Pan J, Barsky L, Jacob JC, Zheng Y, Gao C, Wang S, Zhu W, Sun H, Lu L, Jia H, Zhao Y, Bruns C, Vago R, Dong Q, Qin L. Characteristics of pre-metastatic niche: the landscape of molecular and cellular pathways. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:3. [PMID: 35006432 PMCID: PMC8607426 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-020-00022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a major contributor to cancer-associated deaths. It involves complex interactions between primary tumorigenic sites and future metastatic sites. Accumulation studies have revealed that tumour metastasis is not a disorderly spontaneous incident but the climax of a series of sequential and dynamic events including the development of a pre-metastatic niche (PMN) suitable for a subpopulation of tumour cells to colonize and develop into metastases. A deep understanding of the formation, characteristics and function of the PMN is required for developing new therapeutic strategies to treat tumour patients. It is rapidly becoming evident that therapies targeting PMN may be successful in averting tumour metastasis at an early stage. This review highlights the key components and main characteristics of the PMN and describes potential therapeutic strategies, providing a promising foundation for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Junjie Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Livnat Barsky
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Yan Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wenwei Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Haoting Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Huliang Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Razi Vago
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Qiongzhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Lunxiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Shu J, Du J, Wang F, Cheng Y, Chen G, Xu B, Zhang D, Chen S. Circ_0091579 enhances the malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma via miR-1287/PDK2 axis. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:69-83. [PMID: 33817300 PMCID: PMC7874672 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several articles have indicated that circular RNAs are involved in pathogenesis of human cancers. Nevertheless, the role of circ_0091579 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remains to be revealed. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was carried out to examine the expression of circ_0091579 and miR-1287. The proliferation of HCC cells was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Western blot assay was conducted to detect the protein expression of CyclinD1, Cleaved caspase3, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDK2). Cell glycolysis was evaluated by measuring the uptake of glucose, the production of lactate, and extracellular acidification rate. The target relationship between miR-1287 and circ_0091579 or PDK2 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, and RNA-pull down assay. The enrichment of circ_0091579 was enhanced in HCC tissues (n = 77) and four HCC cell lines (HB611, Huh-7, MHCC97, and SNU423) compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues (n = 77) and normal human liver cell line THLE-2. Circ_0091579 mediated the promotion of proliferation and glycolysis and the suppression of apoptosis of HCC cells. MiR-1287 was a direct target of circ_0091579 in HCC cells. MiR-1287 knockdown reversed the effects caused by circ_0091579 interference on the functions of HCC cells. PDK2 could bind to miR-1287 in HCC cells. Circ_0091579 upregulated the enrichment of PDK2 by acting as a sponge of miR-1287 in HCC cells. The influence caused by circ_0091579 intervention on HCC cells was attenuated by overexpression of PDK2. Circ_0091579 interference impeded the progression of HCC in vivo. Circ_0091579 deteriorated HCC by promoting the proliferation and glycolytic metabolism and suppressing the apoptosis of HCC cells via miR-1287/PDK2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Shu
- Department of General Surgery, Ankang People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Ankang, 6-1-3302, Shifu Courtyard, High-Tech Zone, Ankang 725000, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jiayuan Du
- Department of General Surgery, Ankang People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Ankang, 6-1-3302, Shifu Courtyard, High-Tech Zone, Ankang 725000, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Futao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Ankang People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Ankang, 6-1-3302, Shifu Courtyard, High-Tech Zone, Ankang 725000, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Ankang People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Ankang, 6-1-3302, Shifu Courtyard, High-Tech Zone, Ankang 725000, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Gangxin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Ankang People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Ankang, 6-1-3302, Shifu Courtyard, High-Tech Zone, Ankang 725000, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Ankang People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Ankang, 6-1-3302, Shifu Courtyard, High-Tech Zone, Ankang 725000, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Dianpeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ankang People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Ankang, 6-1-3302, Shifu Courtyard, High-Tech Zone, Ankang 725000, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Shuangjiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Ankang People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Ankang, 6-1-3302, Shifu Courtyard, High-Tech Zone, Ankang 725000, Shanxi Province, China
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174
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Cenigaonandia-Campillo A, Serna-Blasco R, Gómez-Ocabo L, Solanes-Casado S, Baños-Herraiz N, Puerto-Nevado LD, Cañas JA, Aceñero MJ, García-Foncillas J, Aguilera Ó. Vitamin C activates pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) targeting the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in hypoxic KRAS mutant colon cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3595-3606. [PMID: 33664850 PMCID: PMC7914362 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In hypoxic tumors, positive feedback between oncogenic KRAS and HIF-1α involves impressive metabolic changes correlating with drug resistance and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Up to date, designed KRAS-targeting molecules do not show clear benefits in patient overall survival (POS) so pharmacological modulation of aberrant tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in hypoxic cancer has been proposed as a metabolic vulnerability of KRAS-driven tumors. Methods: Annexin V-FITC and cell viability assays were carried out in order to verify vitamin C citotoxicity in KRAS mutant SW480 and DLD1 as well as in Immortalized Human Colonic Epithelial Cells (HCEC). HIF1a expression and activity were determined by western blot and functional analysis assays. HIF1a direct targets GLUT1 and PDK1 expression was checked using western blot and qRT-PCR. Inmunohistochemical assays were perfomed in tumors derived from murine xenografts in order to validate previous observations in vivo. Vitamin C dependent PDH expression and activity modulation were detected by western blot and colorimetric activity assays. Acetyl-Coa levels and citrate synthase activity were assessed using colorimetric/fluorometric activity assays. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) and cell ATP levels were assayed using fluorometric and luminescent test. Results: PDK-1 in KRAS mutant CRC cells and murine xenografts was downregulated using pharmacological doses of vitamin C through the proline hydroxylation (Pro402) of the Hypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1)α, correlating with decreased expression of the glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) in both models. Vitamin C induced remarkable ATP depletion, rapid mitochondrial Δψ dissipation and diminished pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-α phosphorylation at Serine 293, then boosting PDH and citrate synthase activity. Conclusion: We report a striking and previously non reported role of vitamin C in the regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, then modulating the TCA cycle and mitochondrial metabolism in KRAS mutant colon cancer. Potential impact of vitamin C in the clinical management of anti-EGFR chemoresistant colorectal neoplasias should be further considered.
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175
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Almouhanna F, Blagojevic B, Can S, Ghanem A, Wölfl S. Pharmacological activation of pyruvate kinase M2 reprograms glycolysis leading to TXNIP depletion and AMPK activation in breast cancer cells. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:5. [PMID: 33482908 PMCID: PMC7821649 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aerobic glycolysis, discovered by Otto Warburg, is a hallmark of cancer metabolism even though not yet fully understood. The low activity of the cancerous pyruvate kinase isozyme (M2) is thought to play an important role by facilitating the conversion of glycolytic intermediates to other anabolic pathways to support tumors’ high proliferation rate. Methods Five breast cancer cell lines representing different molecular subtypes were used in this study where real time measurements of cellular bioenergetics and immunoblotting analysis of energy- and nutrient-sensing pathways were employed to investigate the potential effects of PKM2 allosteric activator (DASA-58) in glucose rewiring. Results In this study, we show that DASA-58 can induce pyruvate kinase activity in breast cancer cells without affecting the overall cell survival. The drug is also able to reduce TXNIP levels (an intracellular glucose sensor) probably through depletion of upstream glycolytic metabolites and independent of AMPK and ER signaling. AMPK shows an induction in phosphorylation (T172) in response to treatment an effect that can be potentiated by combining DASA-58 with other metabolic inhibitors. Conclusions Altogether, the multifaceted metabolic reprogramming induced by DASA-58 in breast cancer cells increases their susceptibility to other therapeutics suggesting the suitability of the intracellular glucose sensor TXNIP as a marker of PK activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40170-021-00239-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Almouhanna
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Biljana Blagojevic
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suzan Can
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Ghanem
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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176
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Abstract
Autophagy is deregulated in many cancers and represents an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. However, the precise contributions of autophagy to metastatic progression, the principle cause of cancer-related mortality, is only now being uncovered. While autophagy promotes primary tumor growth, metabolic adaptation and resistance to therapy, recent studies have unexpectedly revealed that autophagy suppresses the proliferative outgrowth of disseminated tumor cells into overt and lethal macrometastases. These studies suggest autophagy plays unexpected and complex roles in the initiation and progression of metastases, which will undoubtedly impact therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. Here, we discuss the intricacies of autophagy in metastatic progression, highlighting and integrating the pleiotropic roles of autophagy on diverse cell biological processes involved in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Marsh
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Bhairavi Tolani
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA
| | - Jayanta Debnath
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
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177
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ARNT deficiency represses pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 to trigger ROS production and melanoma metastasis. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:11. [PMID: 33446631 PMCID: PMC7809415 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic changes in melanoma cells that are required for tumor metastasis have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we show that the increase in glucose uptake and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation confers metastatic ability as a result of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) deficiency. In clinical tissue specimens, increased ARNT, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), and NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) was observed in benign nevi, whereas lower expression was observed in melanoma. The depletion of ARNT dramatically repressed PDK1 and NQO1 expression, which resulted in an increase of ROS levels. The elimination of ROS using N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation using carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) and rotenone inhibited the ARNT and PDK1 deficiency-induced cell migration and invasion. In addition, ARNT deficiency in tumor cells manipulated the glycolytic pathway through enhancement of the glucose uptake rate, which reduced glucose dependence. Intriguingly, CCCP and NAC dramatically inhibited ARNT and PDK1 deficiency-induced tumor cell extravasation in mouse models. Our work demonstrates that downregulation of ARNT and PDK1 expression serves as a prognosticator, which confers metastatic potential as the metastasizing cells depend on metabolic changes.
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178
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Tandon M, Othman AH, Winogradzki M, Pratap J. Bone metastatic breast cancer cells display downregulation of PKC-ζ with enhanced glutamine metabolism. Gene 2021; 775:145419. [PMID: 33444686 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women and its metastases results in poor survival rates in patients. The ability to alter metabolism is a key attribute cancer cells use to survive within different metastatic microenvironments and cause organ failure. We hypothesized that evaluation of metabolic alterations within tumor cells could provide a better understanding of cancer metastasis. Therefore, to investigate underlying metabolic alterations during metastases, we utilized human MDA-MB-231 and mouse 4T1 models that closely mimic human breast cancer metastasis. METHODS The glycolysis and glutamine pathway-related changes were examined in bone metastatic cells by XF-24 extracellular flux analyzer and western blotting. The expression levels of genes related to metabolism were examined by PCR arrays. RESULTS The MDA-MB-231 cells isolated after bone metastases showed reduced glucose uptake and glycolysis compared to parental cells, suggesting that these cells could alter metabolic requirements for survival. To understand these metabolic changes, we investigated glutamine, a common and naturally occurring non-essential amino acid. Interestingly, in reduced glucose conditions both cell lines showed dependence on glutamine for cell survival, and with glutamine withdrawal significantly increasing apoptotic cell death. Glutamine was also critical for normal cell proliferation even in the presence of high glucose concentrations. To further understand this metabolic switch in metastatic cells, we examined the genes related to metabolism and identified a more than seven-fold downregulation of protein kinase C zeta (PKC-ζ) expression levels in bone-derived MDA-MB-231 cells compared to the parental population. The PKC-ζ levels were also significantly reduced in metastatic 4T1 cells compared to non-metastatic MT1A2 cells. Since PKC-ζ deficiency promotes glutamine utilization via the serine biosynthesis pathway, we examined glutamine metabolism. The ectopic expression of PKC-ζ inhibited glutamine conversion to glutamate, while mutant PKC-ζ reversed this effect. Furthermore, the gene expression levels of enzymes involved in serine biosynthesis, phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH), phosphoserine aminotransferase (PSAT1), and phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) showed upregulation following glucose deprivation with PKC-ζ deficiency. The PHGDH upregulation was inhibited by ectopically expressing wild type but not mutated PKC-ζ in glucose-deprived conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the upregulation of serine biosynthesis pathway genes and downregulation of PKC-ζ as potential metabolic alterations for bone metastatic breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Tandon
- Suite 507, Armour Academic Building, Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Ahmad H Othman
- Suite 507, Armour Academic Building, Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Marcus Winogradzki
- Suite 507, Armour Academic Building, Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Jitesh Pratap
- Suite 507, Armour Academic Building, Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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179
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Gao L, Li J, He J, Liang L, He Z, Yue C, Jin X, Luo G, Zhou Y. CD90 affects the biological behavior and energy metabolism level of gastric cancer cells by targeting the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:191. [PMID: 33574930 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD90, also known as Thy-1 cell surface antigen, is located on human chromosome 11q23.3, and encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked cell surface glycoprotein. CD90 serves a key role in malignancy by regulating cell proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis. Gastric cancer is one of the most common types of malignancy. Patients with advanced gastric cancer have a poor prognosis. CD90 plays a key role in the occurrence and progression of gastric cancer. However, the molecular mechanism of CD90 in gastric cancer is currently unclear. In order to identify the molecular mechanism by which CD90 affects the biological behavior and energy metabolism of gastric cancer cells, the present study used Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, lactate concentration determination and ATP content determination. The results demonstrated that CD90 promotes proliferation and inhibits senescence in gastric cancer cells. In addition, CD90 enhanced the invasion and migration abilities of AGS gastric cancer cells. Overexpression of CD90 resulted in the accumulation of intracellular lactic acid in AGS cells. CD90 upregulated lactate dehydrogenase levels and increased the NADPH/NADP+ ratio in AGS cells. CD90 overexpression decreased the ATP concentration in AGS cells. PI3K, PDK1, phosphorylated-AKT-Ser473, HIF-1α, MDM2 and SIRT1 levels were upregulated in CD90-overexpressing AGS cells, compared with AGS cells transfected with the empty vector. In contrast, PTEN, p53, SIRT2, SIRT3 and SIRT6 were downregulated. The results indicate that CD90 affects the biological behavior and levels of energy metabolism of gastric cancer cells by targeting the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Nursing, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Junyu He
- Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Lin Liang
- Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxi He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Chunxue Yue
- Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Xi Jin
- Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Gengqiu Luo
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
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180
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Wang L, Zhang S, Wang X. The Metabolic Mechanisms of Breast Cancer Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 10:602416. [PMID: 33489906 PMCID: PMC7817624 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.602416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancy among women worldwide. Metastasis is mainly responsible for treatment failure and is the cause of most breast cancer deaths. The role of metabolism in the progression and metastasis of breast cancer is gradually being emphasized. However, the regulatory mechanisms that conduce to cancer metastasis by metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer have not been expounded. Breast cancer cells exhibit different metabolic phenotypes depending on their molecular subtypes and metastatic sites. Both intrinsic factors, such as MYC amplification, PIK3CA, and TP53 mutations, and extrinsic factors, such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, and acidosis, contribute to different metabolic reprogramming phenotypes in metastatic breast cancers. Understanding the metabolic mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis will provide important clues to develop novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shizhen Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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181
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Patel MS, Mahmood S, Jung J, Rideout TC. Reprogramming of aerobic glycolysis in non-transformed mouse liver with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14684. [PMID: 33400855 PMCID: PMC7785054 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDC), a key enzyme in glucose metabolism, catalyzes an irreversible oxidative decarboxylation reaction of pyruvate to acetyl‐CoA, linking the cytosolic glycolytic pathway to mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Earlier we reported a down‐regulation of several key hepatic lipogenic enzymes and their upstream regulators in liver‐specific PDC‐deficient mouse (L‐PDCKO model by deleting the Pdha1 gene). In this study we investigated gene expression profiles of key glycolytic enzymes and other proteins that respond to various metabolic stresses in liver from L‐PDCKO mice. Transcripts of several, such as hexokinase 2, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, pyruvate kinase muscle‐type 2, and lactate dehydrogenase B as well as those for the nonglycolysis‐related proteins, CD‐36, C/EBP homologous protein, and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ, were up‐regulated in L‐PDCKO liver whereas hypoxia‐induced factor‐1α, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 and Sirtuin 1 transcripts were down‐regulated. The protein levels of pyruvate kinase muscle‐type 2 and lactate dehydrogenase B were increased whereas that of lactate dehydrogenase A was decreased in PDC‐deficient mouse liver. Analysis of endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress indicators suggests that the L‐PDCKO liver showed evidence of the former but not the latter. These findings indicate that (i) liver‐specific PDC deficiency is sufficient to induce “aerobic glycolysis characteristic” in mouse liver, and (ii) the mechanism(s) responsible for these changes appears distinct from that which induces the Warburg effect in some cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulchand S Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Saleh Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jiwon Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Todd C Rideout
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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182
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Bhatia S, Thompson EW, Gunter JH. Studying the Metabolism of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity Using the Seahorse XFe96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2179:327-340. [PMID: 32939731 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0779-4_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of metabolism in facilitating cancer cell growth and survival has been demonstrated by a combination of methods including, but not limited to, genomic sequencing, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, measurements of radio-labelled substrate flux and the high throughput measurement of oxidative metabolism in unlabelled live cells using the Seahorse Extracellular Flux (XF) technology. These studies have revealed that tumour cells exhibit a dynamic metabolic plasticity, using numerous pathways including both glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to support cell proliferation, energy production and the synthesis of biomass. These advanced technologies have also demonstrated metabolic differences between cancer cell types, between molecular subtypes within cancers and between cell states. This has been exemplified by examining the transitions of cancer cells between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes, referred to as epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP). A growing number of studies are demonstrating significant metabolic alterations associated with these transitions, such as increased use of glycolysis by triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) or glutamine addiction in lung cancer. Models of EMP, including invasive cell lines and xenografts, isolated circulating tumour cells and metastatic tissue have been used to examine EMP metabolism. Understanding the metabolism supporting molecular and cellular plasticity and increased metastatic capacity may reveal metabolic vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically exploited. This chapter describes protocols for using the Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer (XFe96), which simultaneously performs real-time monitoring of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in living cells. As an example, we compare the metabolic profiles generated from two breast cancer sublines that reflect epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes, respectively. We use this example to show how the methodology described can generate bioenergetic results that in turn can be correlated to EMP phenotypes. Normalisation of bioenergetic studies should be considered with respect to cell number, and to potential differences in mitochondrial mass, itself being an important bioenergetics endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Bhatia
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer H Gunter
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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183
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Liu RZ, Godbout R. An Amplified Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Gene Cluster in Prostate Cancer: Emerging Roles in Lipid Metabolism and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3823. [PMID: 33352874 PMCID: PMC7766576 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for early stage and localized prostate cancer (PCa) is highly effective. Patient survival, however, drops dramatically upon metastasis due to drug resistance and cancer recurrence. The molecular mechanisms underlying PCa metastasis are complex and remain unclear. It is therefore crucial to decipher the key genetic alterations and relevant molecular pathways driving PCa metastatic progression so that predictive biomarkers and precise therapeutic targets can be developed. Through PCa cohort analysis, we found that a fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) gene cluster (containing five FABP family members) is preferentially amplified and overexpressed in metastatic PCa. All five FABP genes reside on chromosome 8 at 8q21.13, a chromosomal region frequently amplified in PCa. There is emerging evidence that these FABPs promote metastasis through distinct biological actions and molecular pathways. In this review, we discuss how these FABPs may serve as drivers/promoters for PCa metastatic transformation using patient cohort analysis combined with a review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roseline Godbout
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada;
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184
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Lactate Metabolism in Breast Cancer Microenvironment: Contribution Focused on Associated Adipose Tissue and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249676. [PMID: 33353120 PMCID: PMC7766866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming that favors high glycolytic flux with lactate production in normoxia is among cancer hallmarks. Lactate is an essential oncometabolite regulating cellular redox homeostasis, energy substrate partitioning, and intracellular signaling. Moreover, malignant phenotype's chief characteristics are dependent on the interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment. In breast cancer, mammary adipocytes represent an essential cellular component of the tumor milieu. We analyzed lactate concentration, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and isozyme pattern, and LDHA/LDHB protein expression and tissue localization in paired biopsies of breast cancer tissue and cancer-associated adipose tissue in normal-weight and overweight/obese premenopausal women, compared to benign breast tumor tissue and adipose tissue in normal-weight and overweight/obese premenopausal women. We show that higher lactate concentration in cancer tissue is concomitant with a shift in isozyme pattern towards the "muscle-type" LDH and corresponding LDHA and LDHB protein expression changes. In contrast, significantly higher LDH activity in cancer-associated adipose tissue seems to be directed towards lactate oxidation. Moreover, localization patterns of LDH isoforms varied substantially across different areas of breast cancer tissue. Invasive front of the tumor showed cell-specific protein localization of LDHA in breast cancer cells and LDHB in cancer-associated adipocytes. The results suggest a specific, lactate-centric relationship between cancer tissue and cancer-associated adipose tissue and indicate how cancer-adipose tissue cross-talk may be influenced by obesity in premenopausal women.
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185
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Atas E, Oberhuber M, Kenner L. The Implications of PDK1-4 on Tumor Energy Metabolism, Aggressiveness and Therapy Resistance. Front Oncol 2020; 10:583217. [PMID: 33384955 PMCID: PMC7771695 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.583217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis-known as the Warburg effect-is characteristic for many cancers. It gives the cancer cells a survival advantage in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and protects them from cytotoxic effects of oxidative damage and apoptosis. The main regulators of this metabolic shift are the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) isoforms 1-4. PDK is known to be overexpressed in several cancers and is associated with bad prognosis and therapy resistance. Whereas the expression of PDK1-3 is tissue specific, PDK4 expression is dependent on the energetic state of the whole organism. In contrast to other PDK isoforms, not only oncogenic, but also tumor suppressive functions of PDK4 have been reported. In tumors that profit from high OXPHOS and high de novo fatty acid synthesis, PDK4 can have a protective effect. This is the case for prostate cancer, the most common cancer in men, and makes PDK4 an interesting therapeutic target. While most work is focused on PDK in tumors characterized by high glycolytic activity, little research is devoted to those cases where PDK4 acts protective and is therefore highly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Atas
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Oberhuber
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Area ‘Data & Technologies’, CBmed—Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Area ‘Data & Technologies’, CBmed—Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine GmbH, Graz, Austria
- Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics (CDL AM), Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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186
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Dichloroacetate Radiosensitizes Hypoxic Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249367. [PMID: 33316932 PMCID: PMC7763818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism is an attractive target for cancer therapy. Reprogramming metabolic pathways can potentially sensitize tumors with limited treatment options, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), to chemo- and/or radiotherapy. Dichloroacetate (DCA) is a specific inhibitor of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), which leads to enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ROS are the primary effector molecules of radiation and an increase hereof will enhance the radioresponse. In this study, we evaluated the effects of DCA and radiotherapy on two TNBC cell lines, namely EMT6 and 4T1, under aerobic and hypoxic conditions. As expected, DCA treatment decreased phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and lowered both extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and lactate production. Remarkably, DCA treatment led to a significant increase in ROS production (up to 15-fold) in hypoxic cancer cells but not in aerobic cells. Consistently, DCA radiosensitized hypoxic tumor cells and 3D spheroids while leaving the intrinsic radiosensitivity of the tumor cells unchanged. Our results suggest that although described as an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-promoting drug, DCA can also increase hypoxic radioresponses. This study therefore paves the way for the targeting of mitochondrial metabolism of hypoxic cancer cells, in particular to combat radioresistance.
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187
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Vella V, De Francesco EM, Lappano R, Muoio MG, Manzella L, Maggiolini M, Belfiore A. Microenvironmental Determinants of Breast Cancer Metastasis: Focus on the Crucial Interplay Between Estrogen and Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:608412. [PMID: 33364239 PMCID: PMC7753049 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.608412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and progression of the great majority of breast cancers (BCs) are mainly dependent on the biological action elicited by estrogens through the classical estrogen receptor (ER), as well as the alternate receptor named G-protein–coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). In addition to estrogens, other hormones and growth factors, including the insulin and insulin-like growth factor system (IIGFs), play a role in BC. IIGFs cooperates with estrogen signaling to generate a multilevel cross-communication that ultimately facilitates the transition toward aggressive and life-threatening BC phenotypes. In this regard, the majority of BC deaths are correlated with the formation of metastatic lesions at distant sites. A thorough scrutiny of the biological and biochemical events orchestrating metastasis formation and dissemination has shown that virtually all cell types within the tumor microenvironment work closely with BC cells to seed cancerous units at distant sites. By establishing an intricate scheme of paracrine interactions that lead to the expression of genes involved in metastasis initiation, progression, and virulence, the cross-talk between BC cells and the surrounding microenvironmental components does dictate tumor fate and patients’ prognosis. Following (i) a description of the main microenvironmental events prompting BC metastases and (ii) a concise overview of estrogen and the IIGFs signaling and their major regulatory functions in BC, here we provide a comprehensive analysis of the most recent findings on the role of these transduction pathways toward metastatic dissemination. In particular, we focused our attention on the main microenvironmental targets of the estrogen-IIGFs interplay, and we recapitulated relevant molecular nodes that orientate shared biological responses fostering the metastatic program. On the basis of available studies, we propose that a functional cross-talk between estrogens and IIGFs, by affecting the BC microenvironment, may contribute to the metastatic process and may be regarded as a novel target for combination therapies aimed at preventing the metastatic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vella
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Ernestina Marianna De Francesco
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Muoio
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, Catania, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Livia Manzella
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, Catania, Italy
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188
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Metabolic regulation of prostate cancer heterogeneity and plasticity. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 82:94-119. [PMID: 33290846 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the main hallmarks of cancer cells. It refers to the metabolic adaptations of tumor cells in response to nutrient deficiency, microenvironmental insults, and anti-cancer therapies. Metabolic transformation during tumor development plays a critical role in the continued tumor growth and progression and is driven by a complex interplay between the tumor mutational landscape, epigenetic modifications, and microenvironmental influences. Understanding the tumor metabolic vulnerabilities might open novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches with the potential to improve the efficacy of current tumor treatments. Prostate cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease harboring different mutations and tumor cell phenotypes. While the increase of intra-tumor genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity is associated with tumor progression, less is known about metabolic regulation of prostate cancer cell heterogeneity and plasticity. This review summarizes the central metabolic adaptations in prostate tumors, state-of-the-art technologies for metabolic analysis, and the perspectives for metabolic targeting and diagnostic implications.
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189
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Fendt SM, Frezza C, Erez A. Targeting Metabolic Plasticity and Flexibility Dynamics for Cancer Therapy. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1797-1807. [PMID: 33139243 PMCID: PMC7710573 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells continuously rewire their metabolism to fulfill their need for rapid growth and survival while subject to changes in environmental cues. Thus, a vital component of a cancer cell lies in its metabolic adaptability. The constant demand for metabolic alterations requires flexibility, that is, the ability to utilize different metabolic substrates; as well as plasticity, that is, the ability to process metabolic substrates in different ways. In this review, we discuss how dynamic changes in cancer metabolism affect tumor progression and the consequential implications for cancer therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Recognizing cancer dynamic metabolic adaptability as an entity can lead to targeted therapy that is expected to decrease drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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190
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Cancer Stem Cell-Associated Pathways in the Metabolic Reprogramming of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239125. [PMID: 33266219 PMCID: PMC7730588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of cancer is now considered a hallmark of many malignant tumors, including breast cancer, which remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women all over the world. One of the main challenges for the effective treatment of breast cancer emanates from the existence of a subpopulation of tumor-initiating cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Over the years, several pathways involved in the regulation of CSCs have been identified and characterized. Recent research has also shown that CSCs are capable of adopting a metabolic flexibility to survive under various stressors, contributing to chemo-resistance, metastasis, and disease relapse. This review summarizes the links between the metabolic adaptations of breast cancer cells and CSC-associated pathways. Identification of the drivers capable of the metabolic rewiring in breast cancer cells and CSCs and the signaling pathways contributing to metabolic flexibility may lead to the development of effective therapeutic strategies. This review also covers the role of these metabolic adaptation in conferring drug resistance and metastasis in breast CSCs.
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191
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Mediratta K, El-Sahli S, D’Costa V, Wang L. Current Progresses and Challenges of Immunotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3529. [PMID: 33256070 PMCID: PMC7761500 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With improved understanding of the immunogenicity of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), immunotherapy has emerged as a promising candidate to treat this lethal disease owing to the lack of specific targets and effective treatments. While immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has been effectively used in immunotherapy for several types of solid tumor, monotherapies targeting programmed death 1 (PD-1), its ligand PD-L1, or cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) have shown little efficacy for TNBC patients. Over the past few years, various therapeutic candidates have been reviewed, attempting to improve ICI efficacy on TNBC through combinatorial treatment. In this review, we describe the clinical limitations of ICI and illustrate candidates from an immunological, pharmacological, and metabolic perspective that may potentiate therapy to improve the outcomes of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Mediratta
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (K.M.); (S.E.-S.)
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sara El-Sahli
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (K.M.); (S.E.-S.)
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Vanessa D’Costa
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (K.M.); (S.E.-S.)
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (K.M.); (S.E.-S.)
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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192
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Ye S, Zhou HB, Chen Y, Li KQ, Jiang SS, Hao K. Crizotinib changes the metabolic pattern and inhibits ATP production in A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:61. [PMID: 33281972 PMCID: PMC7709560 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Crizotinib, an inhibitor of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor oncogene, has been studied extensively regarding its antitumor and clinically beneficial effects in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, crizotinib's effects on cancer cell energy metabolism, which is linked with tumor proliferation and migration, in NSCLC are unclear. Therefore, the present study focused on crizotinib's effect on NSCLC glucose metabolism. Crizotinib's effects on glucose metabolism, proliferation, migration and apoptosis in A549 cells were explored. Several other inhibitors, including 2-DG, rotenone and MG132, were used to define the mechanism of action in further detail. Data showed that crizotinib treatment reduced A549 cell viability, increased glucose consumption and lactate production, while decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm) and ATP production. Crizotinib treatment, combined with rotenone and MG132 treatment, further inhibited ATP production and Δψm and increased reactive oxygen species content. However, crizotinib did not suppress cell proliferation, migration, ATP production, Δψm or mitochondrial-related apoptosis signals further following 2-DG-mediated inhibition of glycolysis. These results indicated that crizotinib induced low mitochondrial function and compensatory high anaerobic metabolism, but failed to maintain sufficient ATP levels. The alternation of metabolic pattern and insufficient ATP supply may serve important roles in the metabolic antitumor mechanism of crizotinib in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Ye
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Qiang Li
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Jiang
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Ke Hao
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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193
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Lysophosphatidic acid promotes survival of T lymphoma cells by altering apoptosis and glucose metabolism. Apoptosis 2020; 25:135-150. [PMID: 31867678 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-019-01585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid, which plays an indispensable role in various physiological and pathological processes. Moreover, an elevated level of LPA has been observed in malignancies of different origins and implicated in their progression via modulation of proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. Interestingly, few recent reports suggest a pivotal role of LPA-modulated metabolism in oncogenesis of ovarian cancer. However, little is understood regarding the role of LPA in the development and progression of T cell malignancies, which are considered as one of the most challenging neoplasms for clinical management. Additionally, mechanisms underlying the LPA-dependent modulation of glucose metabolism in T cell lymphoma are also not known. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to explore the role of LPA-altered apoptosis and glucose metabolism on the survival of T lymphoma cells. Observations of this investigation suggest that LPA supports survival of T lymphoma cells via altering apoptosis and glucose metabolism through changing the level of reactive species, namely nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species along with expression of various survival and glucose metabolism regulatory molecules, including hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, p53, Bcl2, and glucose transporter 3, hexokinase II, pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 2, monocarboxylate transporter 1, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1. Taken together' the results of the present investigation decipher the novel mechanisms of LPA-mediated survival of T lymphoma cells via modulation of apoptosis and glucose metabolism.
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194
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Bai X, Ni J, Beretov J, Graham P, Li Y. Triple-negative breast cancer therapeutic resistance: Where is the Achilles' heel? Cancer Lett 2020; 497:100-111. [PMID: 33069769 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) shows a higher response rate to systemic therapy compared with other breast cancer subtypes. However, the tumor differentiation of TNBC is poorer, with an early tendency to metastasis and a higher recurrence rate. Relapsed and metastatic TNBCs usually progress more rapidly, showing strong resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Due to the lack of combinatorial targeted drugs, alternative treatments fail to improve these patient's prognosis and the quality of life. Finding the Achilles' heel of TNBC is critical for patients with advanced TNBC. Here, we summarize the latest advances in the mechanisms underlying TNBC therapeutic resistance, consider how these mechanisms may affect the development and utilization of TNBC targeted drugs, and discuss the rationale of relevant signals as therapeutic targets. Also, we review the clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrial.gov for TNBC patients, which comprehensively reveals current research and development of novel TNBC targeted drugs and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Bai
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia; Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia
| | - Jie Ni
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia; Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia
| | - Julia Beretov
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia; Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia; Anatomical Pathology, NSW Health Pathology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia
| | - Peter Graham
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia; Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia
| | - Yong Li
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia; Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China.
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195
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Li J, Guan C, Hu Z, Liu L, Su Z, Kang P, Jiang X, Cui Y. Yin Yang 1-induced LINC00667 up-regulates pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 to promote proliferation, migration and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cells by sponging miR-200c-3p. Hum Cell 2020; 34:187-200. [PMID: 33040228 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are being found to play crucial roles in CCA progression. This work aims to investigate the roles of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 667 (LINC00667) in progression of CCA. RT-qPCR and western blot were applied to detect gene expression. Clinical correlation and survival were analyzed by statistical methods. Overexpression and RNA interference approaches were used to investigate the effects of LINC00667 on CCA cells. Tumor xenograft assay was performed to detect the function of LINC00667 in vivo. Transcriptional regulation and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism were predicted via bioinformatics analysis. ChIP, luciferase reporter, and Ago2 RIP assays further confirmed the predicted results. Our data indicated that LINC00667 was highly expressed in CCA tissues and cells, and transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) induced LINC00667 expression in CCA cells. Up-regulated LINC00667 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage, and poor prognosis. Knockdown of LINC00667 suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CCA cells, while overexpression of LINC00667 acquired opposite effects. Moreover, knockdown of LINC00667 inhibited tumor growth in vivo. In addition, LINC00667 was demonstrated to function as a ceRNA for miR-200c-3p, and then LINC00667 up-regulated pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) to promote CCA development by inhibiting miR-200c-3p. These findings identified a pivotal role of LINC00667 in tumorigenesis and development of CCA. Targeting the YY1/LINC00667/miR-200c-3p/PDK1 axis may provide a new therapeutic strategy for CCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Li
- Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Canghai Guan
- Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zengtao Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhilei Su
- Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pengcheng Kang
- Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xingming Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
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196
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Chavez-Dominguez R, Perez-Medina M, Lopez-Gonzalez JS, Galicia-Velasco M, Aguilar-Cazares D. The Double-Edge Sword of Autophagy in Cancer: From Tumor Suppression to Pro-tumor Activity. Front Oncol 2020; 10:578418. [PMID: 33117715 PMCID: PMC7575731 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.578418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumorigenesis, cancer cells are exposed to a wide variety of intrinsic and extrinsic stresses that challenge homeostasis and growth. Cancer cells display activation of distinct mechanisms for adaptation and growth even in the presence of stress. Autophagy is a catabolic mechanism that aides in the degradation of damaged intracellular material and metabolite recycling. This activity helps meet metabolic needs during nutrient deprivation, genotoxic stress, growth factor withdrawal and hypoxia. However, autophagy plays a paradoxical role in tumorigenesis, depending on the stage of tumor development. Early in tumorigenesis, autophagy is a tumor suppressor via degradation of potentially oncogenic molecules. However, in advanced stages, autophagy promotes the survival of tumor cells by ameliorating stress in the microenvironment. These roles of autophagy are intricate due to their interconnection with other distinct cellular pathways. In this review, we present a broad view of the participation of autophagy in distinct phases of tumor development. Moreover, autophagy participation in important cellular processes such as cell death, metabolic reprogramming, metastasis, immune evasion and treatment resistance that all contribute to tumor development, is reviewed. Finally, the contribution of the hypoxic and nutrient deficient tumor microenvironment in regulation of autophagy and these hallmarks for the development of more aggressive tumors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Chavez-Dominguez
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Perez-Medina
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Quimioterapia Experimental, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose S Lopez-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miriam Galicia-Velasco
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dolores Aguilar-Cazares
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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197
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Kamada S, Takeiwa T, Ikeda K, Horie-Inoue K, Inoue S. Long Non-coding RNAs Involved in Metabolic Alterations in Breast and Prostate Cancers. Front Oncol 2020; 10:593200. [PMID: 33123488 PMCID: PMC7573247 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.593200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast and prostate cancers are the most prevalent cancers in females and males, respectively. These cancers exhibit sex hormone dependence and thus, hormonal therapies are used to treat these cancers. However, acquired resistance to hormone therapies is a major clinical problem. In addition, certain portions of these cancers initially exhibit hormone-independence due to the absence of sex hormone receptors. Therefore, precise and profound understanding of the cancer pathophysiology is required to develop novel clinical strategies against breast and prostate cancers. Metabolic reprogramming is currently recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer, as exemplified by the alteration of glucose metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and lipid metabolism. Dysregulation of metabolic enzymes and their regulators such as kinases, transcription factors, and other signaling molecules contributes to metabolic alteration in cancer. Moreover, accumulating lines of evidence reveal that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate cancer development and progression by modulating metabolism. Understanding the mechanism and function of lncRNAs associated with cancer-specific metabolic alteration will therefore provide new knowledge for cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review provides an overview of recent studies regarding the role of lncRNAs in metabolism in breast and prostate cancers, with a focus on both sex hormone-dependent and -independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kamada
- Division of Systems Medicine and Gene Therapy, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Takeiwa
- Division of Systems Medicine and Gene Therapy, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikeda
- Division of Systems Medicine and Gene Therapy, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kuniko Horie-Inoue
- Division of Systems Medicine and Gene Therapy, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Systems Medicine and Gene Therapy, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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198
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Altea‐Manzano P, Cuadros AM, Broadfield LA, Fendt S. Nutrient metabolism and cancer in the in vivo context: a metabolic game of give and take. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50635. [PMID: 32964587 PMCID: PMC7534637 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrients are indispensable resources that provide the macromolecular building blocks and energy requirements for sustaining cell growth and survival. Cancer cells require several key nutrients to fulfill their changing metabolic needs as they progress through stages of development. Moreover, both cell-intrinsic and microenvironment-influenced factors determine nutrient dependencies throughout cancer progression-for which a comprehensive characterization remains incomplete. In addition to the widely studied role of genetic alterations driving cancer metabolism, nutrient use in cancer tissue may be affected by several factors including the following: (i) diet, the primary source of bodily nutrients which influences circulating metabolite levels; (ii) tissue of origin, which can influence the tumor's reliance on specific nutrients to support cell metabolism and growth; (iii) local microenvironment, which dictates the accessibility of nutrients to tumor cells; (iv) tumor heterogeneity, which promotes metabolic plasticity and adaptation to nutrient demands; and (v) functional demand, which intensifies metabolic reprogramming to fuel the phenotypic changes required for invasion, growth, or survival. Here, we discuss the influence of these factors on nutrient metabolism and dependence during various steps of tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Altea‐Manzano
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationDepartment of OncologyKU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Alejandro M Cuadros
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationDepartment of OncologyKU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Lindsay A Broadfield
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationDepartment of OncologyKU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Sarah‐Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationDepartment of OncologyKU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)LeuvenBelgium
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199
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The Metabolic Heterogeneity and Flexibility of Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102780. [PMID: 32998263 PMCID: PMC7601708 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been shown to be the main cause of therapy resistance and cancer recurrence. An analysis of their biological properties has revealed that CSCs have a particular metabolism that differs from non-CSCs to maintain their stemness properties. In this review, we analyze the flexible metabolic mechanisms of CSCs and highlight the new therapeutics that target CSC metabolism. Abstract Numerous findings have indicated that CSCs, which are present at a low frequency inside primary tumors, are the main cause of therapy resistance and cancer recurrence. Although various therapeutic methods targeting CSCs have been attempted for eliminating cancer cells completely, the complicated characteristics of CSCs have hampered such attempts. In analyzing the biological properties of CSCs, it was revealed that CSCs have a peculiar metabolism that is distinct from non-CSCs to maintain their stemness properties. The CSC metabolism involves not only the catabolic and anabolic pathways, but also intracellular signaling, gene expression, and redox balance. In addition, CSCs can reprogram their metabolism to flexibly respond to environmental changes. In this review, we focus on the flexible metabolic mechanisms of CSCs, and highlight the new therapeutics that target CSC metabolism.
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200
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Lung mesenchymal cells elicit lipid storage in neutrophils that fuel breast cancer lung metastasis. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:1444-1455. [PMID: 32958928 PMCID: PMC7584447 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acquisition of a lipid-laden phenotype by immune cells has been defined in infectious diseases and atherosclerosis, but remains largely uncharacterized in cancer. Here, in breast cancer models we found that neutrophils are induced to accumulate neutral lipids upon interaction with resident mesenchymal cells (MCs) in the pre-metastatic lung. Lung MCs elicit this process through repressing the adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) activity in neutrophils in prostaglandin E2-dependent and -independent manners. In vivo, neutrophil-specific deletion of genes encoding ATGL or ATGL inhibitory factors altered neutrophil lipid profiles and breast tumor lung metastasis in mice. Mechanistically, lipids stored in lung neutrophils are transported to metastatic tumor cells through a macropinocytosis-lysosome pathway, endowing the tumor cells with augmented survival and proliferative capacities. Pharmacological inhibition of macropinocytosis significantly reduced metastatic colonization by breast tumor cells in vivo. Collectively, our work reveals that neutrophils serve as an energy reservoir to fuel breast cancer lung metastasis.
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